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Luo G, Gao Q, Zhang S, Yan B. Probing infectious disease by single-cell RNA sequencing: Progresses and perspectives. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2962-2971. [PMID: 33106757 PMCID: PMC7577221 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology in life science and biomedical research has significantly increased our understanding of the cellular heterogeneities in immunology, oncology and developmental biology. This review will summarize the development of various scRNA-seq technologies; primarily discussing the application of scRNA-seq on infectious diseases, and exploring the current development, challenges, and potential applications of scRNA-seq technology in the future.
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Key Words
- 3C, Chromosome Conformation Capture
- ACE2, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- ATAC-seq, Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing
- BCR, B cell receptor
- CEL-seq, Cell Expression by Linear amplification and Sequencing
- CLU, clusterin
- COVID-19, corona virus disease 2019
- CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- CytoSeq, gene expression cytometry
- DENV, dengue virus
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- GNLY, granulysin
- GO analysis, Gene Ontology analysis
- HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- IAV, Influenza A virus
- IGHV/HD/HJ/HC, Immune globulin heavy V/D/J/C/ region
- IGLV/LJ/LC, Immune globulin light V/J/C/ region
- ILC, Innate Lymphoid Cell
- Infectious diseases
- LIGER, Linked Inference of Genomics Experimental Relationships
- MAGIC, Markov Affinity-based Graph Imputation of Cells
- MARS-seq, Massively parallel single-cell RNA sequencing
- MATCHER, Manifold Alignment To CHaracterize Experimental Relationships
- MCMV, mouse cytomegalovirus
- MERFISH, Multiplexed, Error Robust Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization
- MLV, Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus
- MOFA, Multi-Omics Factor Analysis
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PLAC8, placenta-associated 8
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SAVER, Single-cell Analysis Via Expression Recovery
- SPLit-seq, split pool ligation-based tranome sequencing
- STARTRAC, Single T-cell Analysis by RNA sequencing and TCR TRACking
- STRT-seq, Single-cell Tagged Reverse Transcription sequencing
- Single-cell RNA sequencing
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin
- UMAP, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection
- UMI, Unique Molecular Identifier
- mcSCRB-seq, molecular crowding single-cell RNA barcoding and sequencing
- pDCs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- scRNA-seq, single cell RNA sequencing technology
- sci-RNA-seq, single-cell combinatorial indexing RNA sequencing
- seqFISH, sequential Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization
- smart-seq, switching mechanism at 5′ end of the RNA transcript sequencing
- t-SNE, t-Distributed stochastic neighbor embedding
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Luo
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Medical College and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Medical College and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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García-León ML, Bonifaz LC, Espinosa-Torres B, Hernández-Pérez B, Cardiel-Marmolejo L, Santos-Preciado JI, Wong-Chew RM. A correlation of measles specific antibodies and the number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells is observed after measles vaccination in 9 month old infants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1762-9. [PMID: 26075901 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1032488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) represents one of the main causes of death among young children, particularly in developing countries. Upon infection, MeV controls both interferon induction (IFN) and the interferon signaling pathway which results in a severe host immunosuppression that can persists for up to 6 mo after infection. Despite the global biology of MeV infection is well studied, the role of the plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) during the host innate immune response after measles vaccination remains largely uncharacterized. Here we investigated the role of pDCs, the major producers of interferon in response to viral infections, in the development of adaptive immune response against MeV vaccine. We report that there is a strong correlation between pDCs population and the humoral immune response to Edmonston Zagreb (EZ) measles vaccination in 9-month-old mexican infants. Five infants were further evaluated after vaccination, showing a clear increase in pDCs at baseline, one week and 3 months after immunization. Three months postvaccination they showed increase in memory T-cells and pDCs populations, high induction of adaptive immunity and also observed a correlation between pDCs number and the humoral immune response. These findings suggest that the development and magnitude of the adaptive immune response following measles immunization is directly dependent on the number of pDCs of the innate immune response.
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Key Words
- (-) ssRNA, nonsegmented negative single-stranded RNA
- DCs, dendritic cells
- EZ, Edmonston Zagreb
- GMT, Geometric mean titers
- IFN, interferon
- MMR, measles, mumps, rubella vaccine
- MeV, Measles virus
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PRN, plaque reduction neutralization
- cellular and humoral immunity
- mDCs, myeloid dendritic cells
- measles vaccine
- pDCs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- plasmacytoid dendritic cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel L García-León
- a Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ; México City , México
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Abstract
Bacterial DNA comprising palindromic sequences and containing unmethylated CpG is recognized by toll-like receptor 9 of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and induces the production of interferon-α and chemokines, leading to the activation of a Th1 immune response. Therefore, synthetic equivalents of bacterial DNA (CpG oligodeoxynucleotides) have been developed for clinical applications. They are usually phosphorothioated for in vivo use; this approach also leads to adverse effects as reported in mouse models.Mucosal vaccines that induce both mucosal and systemic immunity received substantial attention in recent years. For their development, phosphodiester-linked oligodeoxynucleotides, including the sequence of a palindromic CpG DNA may be advantageous as adjuvants because their target pDCs are present right there, in the mucosa of the vaccination site. In addition, the probability of adverse effects is believed to be low. Here, we review the discovery of such CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and their possible use as mucosal adjuvants.
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Key Words
- Ab, antibody
- BCG, Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
- CpG
- DT, diphtheria toxoid
- DTH, delayed-type hypersensitivity
- G, guanine
- IFN, interferon
- IgG1
- IgG2a/c
- ODNs, oligodeoxynucleotides
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PPD, purified protein derivative
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- Th1
- mucosal adjuvant
- pDC
- pDCs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- palindrome
- phosphodiester
- phylaxis
- rCTB, recombinant cholera toxin B subunit
- sIgA, secretory IgA
- secretory IgA
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Iho
- a Host Defense Laboratory; Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Fukui ; Yoshida-gun , Fukui , Japan
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) results from the accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic alterations of the genome. However, also the formation of an inflammatory milieu plays a pivotal role in tumor development and progression. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a relevant role in tumor by exerting differential pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic functions, depending on the local milieu. Quantitative and functional impairments of DCs have been widely observed in several types of cancer, including CRC, representing a tumor-escape mechanism employed by cancer cells to elude host immunosurveillance. Understanding the interactions between DCs and tumors is important for comprehending the mechanisms of tumor immune surveillance and escape, and provides novel approaches to therapy of cancer. This review summarizes updated information on the role of the DCs in colon cancer development and/or progression.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cells
- CRC, Colorectal cancer
- CTLA-4, anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4
- DCregs, regulatory DCs
- DCs, dendritic cells
- GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
- HMGB, high mobility group box
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- NK,natural killer
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PD-1, programmed death 1
- PRRs, pattern recognition receptors
- TDLNs, draining lymph nodes
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TIDCs, tumor-infiltrating DCs
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Th, T helper
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- colorectal cancer
- dendritic cells
- immune response
- immunoescape
- mDCs, myeloid dendritic cells
- pDCs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Legitimo
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine ; University of Pisa ; Pisa , Italy
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Pedroza-Gonzalez A, Zhou G, Vargas-Mendez E, Boor PP, Mancham S, Verhoef C, Polak WG, Grünhagen D, Pan Q, Janssen HLA, Garcia-Romo GS, Biermann K, Tjwa ET, IJzermans JN, Kwekkeboom J, Sprengers D. Tumor-infiltrating plasmacytoid dendritic cells promote immunosuppression by Tr1 cells in human liver tumors. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1008355. [PMID: 26155417 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1008355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells have a crucial role in inducing tolerance. Immune regulation by these cells is mainly mediated through the secretion of high amounts of IL-10. Several studies have suggested that this regulatory population may be involved in tumor-mediated immune-suppression. However, direct evidence of a role for Tr1 cells in human solid tumors is lacking. Using ex vivo isolated cells from individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; n = 39) or liver metastases from colorectal cancer (LM-CRC; n = 60) we identify a CD4+FoxP3-IL-13-IL-10+ T cell population in tumors of individuals with primary or secondary liver cancer that is characterized as Tr1 cells by the expression of CD49b and the lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) and strong suppression activity of T cell responses in an IL-10 dependent manner. Importantly, the presence of tumor-infiltrating Tr1 cells is correlated with tumor infiltration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). pDCs exposed to tumor-derived factors enhance IL-10 production by Tr1 cells through up-regulation of the inducible co-stimulatory ligand (ICOS-L). These findings suggest a role for pDCs and ICOS-L in promoting intra-tumoral immunosuppression by Tr1 cells in human liver cancer, which may foster tumor progression and which might interfere with attempts of immunotherapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pedroza-Gonzalez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands ; Laboratory of Immunology Research and Medicine; Higher Studies Iztacala; National Autonomous University of Mexico; FES-Iztacala; UNAM , Mexico
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Vargas-Mendez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Pc Boor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shanta Mancham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgery; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wojciech G Polak
- Department of Surgery; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Grünhagen
- Department of Surgery; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harry LA Janssen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gina S Garcia-Romo
- Department of Nephrology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina Biermann
- Department of Pathology; Erasmus MC-University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Ttl Tjwa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Nm IJzermans
- Department of Surgery; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center ; Rotterdam, the Netherlands ; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam ; the Netherlands
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Castelli C, Triebel F, Rivoltini L, Camisaschi C. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3, CD223) in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs): a molecular target for the restoration of active antitumor immunity. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e967146. [PMID: 25941596 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.967146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3,CD223) mediates the alternative, IFNα-deficient activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) at tumor sites. Our findings define a novel tumor-driven strategy that promotes immunosuppression by pDCs, and we have provided more detailed information regarding the immunomodulatory role of of LAG-3. The translational relevance of our results for the treatment of tumors and autoimmune diseases is discussed herein.
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Key Words
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- DDCs, dermal dendritic cells
- IMP-321
- LAG-3, lymphocyte activation gene-3
- LNs, lymph nodes
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- PD-1, programmed cell death 1
- TLRs, toll-like receptors
- Tregs, regulatory T cells.
- lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3)
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- melanoma
- pDCs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs)
- psoriasis
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Castelli
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors; Dept. of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori ; Milano, Italy
| | | | - Licia Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors; Dept. of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori ; Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Camisaschi
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors; Dept. of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori ; Milano, Italy
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