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Whalen RM, Anderson AN, Jones JA, Sims Z, Chang YH, Nederlof MA, Wong MH, Gibbs SL. Ultra high content analyses of circulating and tumor associated hybrid cells reveal phenotypic heterogeneity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7350. [PMID: 38538742 PMCID: PMC10973471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistently high, worldwide mortality from cancer highlights the unresolved challenges of disease surveillance and detection that impact survival. Development of a non-invasive, blood-based biomarker would transform survival from cancer. We demonstrate the functionality of ultra-high content analyses of a newly identified population of tumor cells that are hybrids between neoplastic and immune cells in patient matched tumor and peripheral blood specimens. Using oligonucleotide conjugated antibodies (Ab-oligo) permitting cyclic immunofluorescence (cyCIF), we present analyses of phenotypes among tumor and peripheral blood hybrid cells. Interestingly, the majority of circulating hybrid cell (CHC) subpopulations were not identified in tumor-associated hybrids. These results highlight the efficacy of ultra-high content phenotypic analyses using Ab-oligo based cyCIF applied to both tumor and peripheral blood specimens. The combination of a multiplex phenotypic profiling platform that is gentle enough to analyze blood to detect and evaluate disseminated tumor cells represents a novel approach to exploring novel tumor biology and potential utility for developing the population as a blood-based biomarker in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley M Whalen
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ashley N Anderson
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Zachary Sims
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | | | - Melissa H Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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2
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Aslan MK, Meng Y, Zhang Y, Weiss T, Stavrakis S, deMello AJ. Ultrahigh-Throughput, Real-Time Flow Cytometry for Rare Cell Quantification from Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2024; 9:474-482. [PMID: 38171016 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We present an ultrahigh-throughput, real-time fluorescence cytometer comprising a viscoelastic microfluidic system and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) linear image sensor-based detection system. The flow cytometer allows for real-time quantification of a variety of fluorescence species, including micrometer-sized particles and cells, at analytical throughputs in excess of 400,000 species per second. The platform integrates a custom C++ control program and graphical user interface (GUI) to allow for the processing of raw signals, adjustment of processing parameters, and display of fluorescence intensity histograms in real time. To demonstrate the efficacy of the platform for rare event detection and its utility as a basic clinical tool, we measure and quantify patient-derived circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood, realizing that detection has a sensitivity of 6 CTCs per million blood cells (0.000006%) with a volumetric throughput of over 3 mL/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Kamil Aslan
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Yingchao Meng
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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3
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Guan H, Qiu W, Liu H, Cao Y, Tian L, Huang P, Hou D, Zhang G. Study on the detection method of biological characteristics of hepatoma cells based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5781-5794. [PMID: 38021130 PMCID: PMC10659802 DOI: 10.1364/boe.495600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer usually has a high degree of malignancy and its early symptoms are hidden, therefore, it is of significant research value to develop early-stage detection methods of liver cancer for pathological screening. In this paper, a biometric detection method for living human hepatocytes based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was proposed. The difference in terahertz response between normal and cancer cells was analyzed, including five characteristic parameters in the response, namely refractive index, absorption coefficient, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and dielectric loss tangent. Based on class separability and variable correlation, absorption coefficient and dielectric loss were selected to better characterize cellular properties. Maximum information coefficient and principal component analysis were employed for feature extraction, and a cell classification model of support vector machine was constructed. The results showed that the algorithm based on parameter feature fusion can achieve an accuracy of 91.6% for human hepatoma cell lines and one normal cell line. This work provides a promising solution for the qualitative evaluation of living cells in liquid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control
Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Weihang Qiu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and
Instrument Science, Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Heng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control
Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yuqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control
Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Liangfei Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering and
Instrument Science, Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Pingjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control
Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Dibo Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control
Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Guangxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control
Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, 310000, China
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4
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Zhang F, Li H, Lin X, Zhu X, Chen X, Wang B, Zhu Z, Chen X, Liang G, Zhang J, Wei X, Tian H. In vivo flow cytometry reveals an anti-metastatic effect of Rujifang in triple-negative breast cancer. Cytometry A 2023; 103:723-731. [PMID: 37276218 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the highest metastasis and mortality rate among all breast cancer subtypes. Rujifang is a traditional Chinese medicine formula with many years of clinical application in breast cancer treatment. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of Rujifang on circulating tumor cell (CTC) dynamics and the tumor microenvironment in a ZsGreen/luciferase double-labeled TNBC orthotopic model. We report that the number of CTCs monitored by in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC) strongly correlates with disease progression. Rujifang treatment decreased the number of CTCs and suppressed the distant metastasis of TNBC. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Rujifang treatment could affect the tumor microenvironment by downregulating Kindlin-1, which has been reported to promote metastasis of TNBC. Our study provides evidence of the anti-metastatic effect of Rujifang against TNBC in an animal model using fluorescent cell lines. The results suggest the potential therapeutic value of Rujifang as an anti-metastatic drug, however, further clinical trials are needed to validate these findings in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Cancer Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Xuan Lin
- Cancer Center, The 8th Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuezhang Chen
- Cancer Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Cancer Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Zhixia Zhu
- Cancer Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Xikang Chen
- Cancer Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Guiwen Liang
- Cancer Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqin Tian
- Cancer Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
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Chen M, Li H, Xu X, Bao X, Xue L, Ai X, Xu J, Xu M, Shi Y, Zhen T, Li J, Yang Y, Ji Y, Fu Z, Xing K, Qing T, Wang Q, Zhong P, Zhu S. Identification of RAC1 in promoting brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma using single-cell transcriptome sequencing. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:330. [PMID: 37202394 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to give a new perspective to the biomarkers in the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) brain metastasis, pathways involved and potential therapeutics. We performed a comprehensive single-cell level transcriptomic analysis on one LUAD patient with circulating tumor cells (CTCs), primary tumor tissue and metastatic tumor tissue using scRNA-seq approach to identify metastasis related biomarkers. Further scRNA-seq were performed on 7 patients to validate the cancer metastatic hallmark. with single cells collected from either metastatic or primary LUAD tissues. Pathological and functional studies were also performed to evidence the critical role of RAC1 in the LUAD metastasis. Hallmark gene was verified based on immunohistochemistry staining, cytological experiment, survival information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and staining results from Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. PCA analysis revealed that CTCs were in the intermediate place between the metastatic group and primary group. In the unsupervised clustering analysis CTCs were closer to one of the metastatic tumor cells, implying heterogeneity of the metastatic tumor and origin of the CTCs were from metastatic site. Transitional phase related gene analysis identified RAC1 was enriched in metastatic tumor tissue (MTT) preferred gene set functioning as regulated cell death and apoptosis as well as promoted macromolecule organization. Compared with normal tissue, expression levels of RAC1 increased significantly in LUAD tissue based on HPA database. High expression of RAC1 predicts worse prognosis and higher-risk. EMT analysis identified the propensity of mesenchymal state in primary cells while epithelial signals were higher in the metastatic site. Functional clustering and pathway analyses suggested genes in RAC1 highly expressed cells played critical roles in adhesion, ECM and VEGF signaling pathways. Inhibition of RAC1 attenuates the proliferation, invasiveness and migration ability of lung cancer cells. Besides, through MRI T2WI results, we proved that RAC1 can promote brain metastasis in the RAC1-overexpressed H1975 cell burden nude mouse model. RAC1 and its mechanisms might promote drug design against LUAD brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyue Li
- Department of Lung Tumor Clinical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, 200003, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xunxia Bao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, 200003, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghao Ai
- Department of Lung Tumor Clinical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Cinoasia Institute, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jie Li
- Cinoasia Institute, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Cinoasia Institute, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Cinoasia Institute, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Tao Qing
- Cinoasia Institute, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiubo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, 214000, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
- Research Unit of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sibo Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Circulating tumor cells as a prognostic biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18686. [PMID: 36333384 PMCID: PMC9636215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been shown as a surrogate for cancer progression and prognostication. We aimed to determine an association between CTCs and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Peripheral blood was obtained from 73 HCC patients to enumerate for epithelial CTCs/8 mL blood. CTCs were detected by immunoaffinity-based method using epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and mucin1 (MUC1). The CTCs detection rates of BCLC stages A, B, and C patients were 65.4% (17/26), 77.3% (17/22), and 96% (24/25), respectively, p = 0.018. Patients with CTCs < 5 cells/8 mL had significantly longer survival than those with CTCs ≥ 5 cells/8 mL (>36 vs. 4.6 months, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, CTP B, BCLC B, BCLC C, AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL, and CTC ≥ 5 cells/8 mL were independently associated with survival, with adjusted HRs (95%CI) of 4.1 (2.0-8.4), 3.5 (1.1-11.4), 4.7 (1.4-15.4), 2.4 (1.1-5.0), and 2.6 (1.2-8.4); p < 0.001, 0.036, 0.011, 0.025 and 0.012, respectively. The combination of CTCs ≥ 5 cells/8 mL and AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL provided additively increased HR to 5.3 (2.5-11.1), compared to HRs of 4.0 (2.0-8.0) and 3.5 (1.8-6.7) for CTCs ≥ 5 cells/8 mL and AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL, p < 0.001, respectively. The larger number of peripheral CTCs is correlated with higher tumor aggressive features and poorer survival of HCC patients. CTCs can potentially become novel prognostic biomarker in HCC.
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Shah UJ, Alsulimani A, Ahmad F, Mathkor DM, Alsaieedi A, Harakeh S, Nasiruddin M, Haque S. Bioplatforms in liquid biopsy: advances in the techniques for isolation, characterization and clinical applications. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:339-383. [PMID: 35968863 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2108994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue biopsy analysis has conventionally been the gold standard for cancer prognosis, diagnosis and prediction of responses/resistances to treatments. The existing biopsy procedures used in clinical practice are, however, invasive, painful and often associated with pitfalls like poor recovery of tumor cells and infeasibility for repetition in single patients. To circumvent these limitations, alternative non-invasive, rapid and economical, yet sturdy, consistent and dependable, biopsy techniques are required. Liquid biopsy is an emerging technology that fulfills these criteria and potentially much more in terms of subject-specific real-time monitoring of cancer progression, determination of tumor heterogeneity and treatment responses, and specific identification of the type and stages of cancers. The present review first briefly revisits the state-of-the-art technique of liquid biopsy and then proceeds to address in detail, the advances in the potential clinical applications of four major biological agencies present in liquid biopsy samples (circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs)). Finally, the authors conclude with the limitations that need to be addressed in order for liquid biopsy to effectively replace the conventional invasive biopsy methods in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushma Jaykamal Shah
- MedGenome Labs Ltd, Kailash Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Vadodara, India
| | - Ahmad Alsulimani
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Darin Mansor Mathkor
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahdab Alsaieedi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, and Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Nasiruddin
- MedGenome Labs Ltd, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India.,Genomics Lab, Orbito Asia Diagnostics, Coimbatore, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Sutton TL, Patel RK, Anderson AN, Bowden SG, Whalen R, Giske NR, Wong MH. Circulating Cells with Macrophage-like Characteristics in Cancer: The Importance of Circulating Neoplastic-Immune Hybrid Cells in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163871. [PMID: 36010865 PMCID: PMC9405966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In cancer, disseminated neoplastic cells circulating in blood are a source of tumor DNA, RNA, and protein, which can be harnessed to diagnose, monitor, and better understand the biology of the tumor from which they are derived. Historically, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have dominated this field of study. While CTCs are shed directly into circulation from a primary tumor, they remain relatively rare, particularly in early stages of disease, and thus are difficult to utilize as a reliable cancer biomarker. Neoplastic-immune hybrid cells represent a novel subpopulation of circulating cells that are more reliably attainable as compared to their CTC counterparts. Here, we review two recently identified circulating cell populations in cancer—cancer-associated macrophage-like cells and circulating hybrid cells—and discuss the future impact for the exciting area of disseminated hybrid cells. Abstract Cancer remains a significant cause of mortality in developed countries, due in part to difficulties in early detection, understanding disease biology, and assessing treatment response. If effectively harnessed, circulating biomarkers promise to fulfill these needs through non-invasive “liquid” biopsy. While tumors disseminate genetic material and cellular debris into circulation, identifying clinically relevant information from these analytes has proven difficult. In contrast, cell-based circulating biomarkers have multiple advantages, including a source for tumor DNA and protein, and as a cellular reflection of the evolving tumor. While circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have dominated the circulating cell biomarker field, their clinical utility beyond that of prognostication has remained elusive, due to their rarity. Recently, two novel populations of circulating tumor-immune hybrid cells in cancer have been characterized: cancer-associated macrophage-like cells (CAMLs) and circulating hybrid cells (CHCs). CAMLs are macrophage-like cells containing phagocytosed tumor material, while CHCs can result from cell fusion between cancer and immune cells and play a role in the metastatic cascade. Both are detected in higher numbers than CTCs in peripheral blood and demonstrate utility in prognostication and assessing treatment response. Additionally, both cell populations are heterogeneous in their genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic signatures, and thus have the potential to inform on heterogeneity within tumors. Herein, we review the advances in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Sutton
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ranish K. Patel
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ashley N. Anderson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Stephen G. Bowden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Riley Whalen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Nicole R. Giske
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Melissa H. Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-503-494-8749; Fax: +1-503-494-4253
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Hu B, Gong Y, Wang Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Huang Q. Comprehensive Atlas of Circulating Rare Cells Detected by SE-iFISH and Image Scanning Platform in Patients With Various Diseases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:821454. [PMID: 35311070 PMCID: PMC8924462 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.821454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Circulating rare cells (CRCs) are known as a crucial nucleated cellular response to pathological conditions, yet the landscape of cell types across a wide variety of diseases lacks comprehensive understanding. This study aimed at detecting and presenting a full spectrum of highly heterogeneous CRCs in clinical practice and further explored the characterization of CRC subtypes in distinct biomarker combinations and aneuploid chromosomes among various disease groups. Methods Peripheral blood was obtained from 2,360 patients with different cancers and non-neoplastic diseases. CRC capture and identification were accomplished using a novel platform integrating subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) strategy with a high-throughput automated image scanning system, on which hemocyte, tumor, epithelial, endothelial, mesenchymal, and stemness biomarkers were immunostained and displayed simultaneously. Double chromosome enumeration probe (CEP8 and CEP12) co-detection was performed on isolated CRCs from an extended trial for two chromosome ploidy patterns. Results A comprehensive atlas categorizing the diverse CRCs into 71 subtypes outlining was mapped out. The presence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), the cells with progenitor property, hematologic CRCs expressing multiple biomarkers, CRCs at "naked nuclei" status, and the rarely reported aneuploid mesenchymal epithelial-endothelial fusion cluster were described. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were detected in 2,157 (91.4%) patients; the total numbers of CTCs and circulating tumor-derived endothelial cells (CTECs) were relatively higher in several digestive system cancer types and non-neoplastic infectious diseases (p < 0.05). Co-detection combining CEP8 and CEP12 showed a higher diagnostic specificity on account of 57.27% false negativity of CRC detection through a single probe of CEP8. Conclusions The alternative biomarkers and chromosomes to be targeted by SE-iFISH and the image scanning platform, along with the comprehensive atlas, offer insight into the heterogeneity of CRCs and reveal potential contributions to specific disease diagnosis and therapeutic target cell discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Hu
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhu Xie
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Xu Y, Lin J, Wu X, Xu X, Zhang D, Xie Y, Pan T, He Y, Wu A, Shao G. TiO2-Based Bioprobe Enabling Excellent SERS Activity in Detection of Diverse Circulating Tumor Cells. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3808-3816. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00464j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), can be the seeds of tumor metastasis, and are closely linked to cancer-related death. Fast and effective detection of CTCs is important for early diagnosis of...
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11
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Abstract
Owing to increased awareness of the importance of mammogram and advances in surgical technology, survival rate of patients with primary breast cancer has dramatically increased. Despite all these advances in breast cancer treatment, there are no currently available treatments for this disease once it metastasizes to distant organs including bones, lungs, brain, and liver. This is mainly attributed to the complexity of metastatic process. Recent advances in technology enabled cancer biologists to dissect each step of the metastatic process, and this led to discovery of major players and molecules in this process. In this section, we will discuss recent discovery and advances in the field of breast cancer metastasis research.
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12
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Lu H, Jin D, Zhu L, Guo T, Li X, Peng XX, Mo G, Tang L, Zhang GJ, Yang F. Tumor-cell detection, labeling and phenotyping with an electron-doped bifunctional signal-amplifier. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 170:112662. [PMID: 33032198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell enumeration and phenotyping can predict the prognosis and the therapy efficacy in patients, yet it remains challenging to detect the rare tumor cells. Herein, we report an octopus-inspired, bifunctional aptamer signal amplifier-based cytosensor (OApt-cytosensor) for sensitive cell analysis. By assembling high-affinity antibodies on an electrode surface, the target cells could be specifically captured and thus been sandwiched by the cell surface marker-specific DNA aptamers. These on-cell aptamers function as electrochemical signal amplifiers by base-selective electronic doping with methylene blue. Such a sandwich configuration enables highly sensitive cell detection down to 10 cells/mL (equal to ~1-2 cells at a sampling volume of 150 μL), even in a large excess of nontarget blood cells. This approach also reveals the cell-surface markers and tracks the cellular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by signaling regulators. Furthermore, the electron-doped aptamer shows remarkable cell fluorescent labeling that guides the release of the captured cells from electrode surface via electrochemistry. These features make OApt-cytosensor a promising tool in revealing the heterogeneous cancer cells and anticancer drug screening at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Dan Jin
- College of Pharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Tongtong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Xin-Xin Peng
- College of Pharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Guoyan Mo
- College of Pharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lina Tang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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13
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Hu L, Chen X, Chen M, Fang J, Nie J, Dai H. Enrichment and detection of circulating tumor cells by immunomagnetic beads and flow cytometry. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 43:25-34. [PMID: 32959190 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the article is to establish a quick enrichment and detection method using immunomagnetic beads and flow cytometry to analyze circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood. RESULTS After incubation with CD326-PE and CD45-APC antibodies, more than 60% MCF7 cells in M-Buffer could be detected while less than 10% of the same cells could be detected by flow cytometry (FCM) if spiked into blood. However, in combination with CD326 and CD45 immunomagnetic beads, detection rate of MCF7 cells in blood reached 57%. For circulating tumor cells, enrichment by CD326 and CD45 immunomagnetic beads improve the detection rate from nearly undetectable to more than 24.14%. CONCLUSIONS Live CTCs in peripheral blood can be effectively and sensitively detected by using a combination of immunomagnetic beads (CD45 and CD326) and flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xueran Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jinman Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jinfu Nie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. .,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China. .,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. .,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
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14
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Takahashi Y, Shirai K, Ijiri Y, Morita E, Yoshida T, Iwanaga S, Yanagida M. Integrated system for detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237506. [PMID: 32790768 PMCID: PMC7425940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) invade blood vessels in solid tumors and promote metastases by circulating in the blood. CTCs are thus recognized as targets for liquid biopsy and can provide useful information for design of treatments. This diagnostic approach must consider not only the number of CTCs but also their molecular and genetic characteristics. For this purpose, use of devices that enrich CTCs independent of these characteristics and detectors that recognize various CTC characteristics is essential. In the present study, we developed a CTC detection system comprising ClearCell FX and ImageStream Mark II. We clarified the analytical performance of this system by evaluating recovery rate, lower limits of detection, and linearity. These parameters are critical for detecting rare cells, such as CTCs. We tested these parameters using three cell lines with different expression levels of the epithelial marker-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and spiked these cells into whole-blood samples from healthy donors. The average recovery rate and lower limit of detection were approximately 40% and five cells/7.5 mL of whole blood, respectively. High linearity was observed for all evaluated samples. We also evaluated the ability of the system to distinguish between normal and abnormal cells based on protein expression levels and gene amplification and found that the system can identify abnormal cells using these characteristics. The CTC detection system thus displays the ability to distinguish specific characteristics of CTC, thereby providing valuable information for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shirai
- Department of Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ijiri
- Department of Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eri Morita
- Department of Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshida
- Department of Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigeki Iwanaga
- Department of Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yanagida
- Department of Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
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15
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Successful selection of mouse sperm with high viability and fertility using microfluidics chip cell sorter. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8862. [PMID: 32483250 PMCID: PMC7264210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell sorting via flow cytometry is a powerful tool to select subpopulations of cells in many biological fields. Selection of fertilisation-prone sperm is a critical step to ensure a stable and high fertilisation rate in in vitro fertilisation (IVF). However, a combination of conventional cell sorting and IVF system has not been established because of severe mechanical damages to the sperm during the sorting process. A cell sorter with microfluidics chip technology that lessens cell damage during cell sorting may address this problem. We evaluated the effects of microfluidics chip cell sorting on the sperm using the parameters, such as motility and fertility, and found this cell sorting method had minimal harmful effect on the sperm. Then, sperm were selected by a marker for acrosome reaction and showed higher fertilisation rate than that of the population of acrosome-intact sperm. Embryo derived from these sperm developed normally. These results indicated that microfluidics chip cell sorting can select fertile sperm to improve IVF technique.
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16
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Voronin DV, Kozlova AA, Verkhovskii RA, Ermakov AV, Makarkin MA, Inozemtseva OA, Bratashov DN. Detection of Rare Objects by Flow Cytometry: Imaging, Cell Sorting, and Deep Learning Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2323. [PMID: 32230871 PMCID: PMC7177904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry nowadays is among the main working instruments in modern biology paving the way for clinics to provide early, quick, and reliable diagnostics of many blood-related diseases. The major problem for clinical applications is the detection of rare pathogenic objects in patient blood. These objects can be circulating tumor cells, very rare during the early stages of cancer development, various microorganisms and parasites in the blood during acute blood infections. All of these rare diagnostic objects can be detected and identified very rapidly to save a patient's life. This review outlines the main techniques of visualization of rare objects in the blood flow, methods for extraction of such objects from the blood flow for further investigations and new approaches to identify the objects automatically with the modern deep learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Voronin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National University of Oil and Gas (Gubkin University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia A. Kozlova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Roman A. Verkhovskii
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- School of Urbanistics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Ermakov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Makarkin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga A. Inozemtseva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Daniil N. Bratashov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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17
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Hasegawa N, Takeda Nakamura I, Ueno T, Kojima S, Kawazu M, Akaike K, Okubo T, Takagi T, Suehara Y, Hayashi T, Saito T, Kaneko K, Mano H, Kohsaka S. Detection of circulating sarcoma tumor cells using a microfluidic chip-type cell sorter. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20047. [PMID: 31882696 PMCID: PMC6934608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of circulating tumor cells have been shown to be effective for the detection of cancer relapse and prognosis prediction. However, research regarding its utility in sarcoma remains scarce. In this study, the microfluidic chip-type cell sorter On-chip Sort was used to construct a system for detecting circulating sarcoma cells (CSCs). A pilot study using normal fibroblast or sarcoma cell lines was designed to establish a reliable protocol to separate CSCs by On-chip Sort. A single CSC was separated and recovered from 10 ml of whole blood from a patient with locally advanced myxofibrosarcoma. The nonsynonymous mutation for KMT2B p.Ile2602Val identified in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor sample was also confirmed in the CSC. Use of the developed protocol may allow CSCs to become an early predictor for metastasis and recurrence of sarcoma. Further, it may aid in optimizing post-operative therapies for patients without metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Hasegawa
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takeda Nakamura
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Toshihide Ueno
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shinya Kojima
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawazu
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Keisuke Akaike
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Taketo Okubo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Suehara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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18
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Haga N, Onagi A, Koguchi T, Hoshi S, Ogawa S, Akaihata H, Hata J, Hiraki H, Honda R, Tanji R, Matsuoka K, Kataoka M, Sato Y, Ishibashi K, Kojima Y. Perioperative Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Radical or Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 27:1272-1281. [PMID: 31832914 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-08127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study was conducted to clarify the frequency of systemic circulating tumor cells (CTCs) appearing after surgery for renal cell carcinoma and to evaluate the differences in postoperative CTCs between different surgical procedures. METHODS This prospective, cohort study included 60 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (RN) (n = 22), laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (PN) (n = 19), open RN (n = 8), or open PN (n = 11). In this study CTCs were measured by the FISHMAN-R system, and CTCs drawn from a peripheral artery were collected just before and immediately after surgery. The number of pre- and postoperative CTCs and the perioperative changes in CTCs were measured for each surgical method. RESULTS Six patients were excluded from the current analyses. Preoperative CTCs did not differ significantly by surgical approach (laparoscopic RN: 3.4 ± 4.2; laparoscopic PN: 3.4 ± 4.1; open RN: 7.7 ± 6.8; open PN: 6.0 ± 7.6; P = 0.19). Open RN resulted in a significantly greater number of postoperative CTCs (laparoscopic RN: 4.8 ± 3.7; laparoscopic PN: 7.9 ± 9.1; open RN: 22.5 ± 26.3; open PN: 6.4 ± 6.3; P < 0.001) and perioperative changes in CTCs (laparoscopic RN: 1.3 ± 5.3; laparoscopic PN: 4.5 ± 9.6; open RN: 14.7 ± 25.0; open PN: 0.4 ± 6.3; P < 0.001). No significant differences in these were observed among the three groups except in the open RN group. In the multivariate analysis, the surgical approach was significantly correlated with the number of postoperative CTCs (P = 0.016) and the perioperative change in CTCs (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study indicated that after surgery, more cancer cells can be expelled into the bloodstream, especially after open RN. Sufficient and careful follow-up assessment for the emergence of distant metastases is needed for patients undergoing open RN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Haga
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Akifumi Onagi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koguchi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Hoshi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akaihata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hiraki
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ruriko Honda
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanji
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masao Kataoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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19
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Yang J, Huang X, Gan C, Yuan R, Xiang Y. Highly specific and sensitive point-of-care detection of rare circulating tumor cells in whole blood via a dual recognition strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 143:111604. [PMID: 31466047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that the identification and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) plays a critical role in cancer monitoring and diagnosis, it remains a major challenge to isolate and detect these cells, due to their extreme scarcity in peripheral blood. In this work, by coupling a dual recognition strategy and the commercial personal glucose meter, we established a point-of-care approach for detecting rare CTCs in whole blood with high sensitivity and selectivity. The antibody-conjugated magnetic beads lead to the capture and isolation of the CTCs while the enzyme- and second antibody-modified microspheres yield the signal for detection. Because of the dual recognition format, the developed method is highly selective, and a low detection limit of 7 cells can be realized as well, owing to the great signal amplification through the enzyme-loaded microbead labels. More importantly, the detection of CTCs in whole blood can be achieved in a point-of-care fashion with the using of the glucose meter transducer, offering our method a convenient and attractive alternative to traditional biopsy for the diagnosis of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, PR China
| | - Chunfang Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, PR China.
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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20
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Circulating Hybrid Cells Join the Fray of Circulating Cellular Biomarkers. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:595-607. [PMID: 31319228 PMCID: PMC6889578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers account for more cancer-related deaths than any other organ system, owing in part to difficulties in early detection, treatment response assessment, and post-treatment surveillance. Circulating biomarkers hold the promise for noninvasive liquid biopsy platforms to overcome these obstacles. Although tumors shed detectable levels of degraded genetic material and cellular debris into peripheral blood, identifying reproducible and clinically relevant information from these analytes (eg, cell-free nucleotides, exosomes, proteins) has proven difficult. Cell-based circulating biomarkers also present challenges, but have multiple advantages including allowing for a more comprehensive tumor analysis, and communicating the risk of metastatic spread. Circulating tumor cells have dominated the cancer cell biomarker field with robust evidence in extraintestinal cancers; however, establishing their clinical utility beyond that of prognostication in colorectal and pancreatic cancers has remained elusive. Recently identified novel populations of tumor-derived cells bring renewed potential to this area of investigation. Cancer-associated macrophage-like cells, immune cells with phagocytosed tumor material, also show utility in prognostication and assessing treatment responsiveness. In addition, circulating hybrid cells are the result of tumor-macrophage fusion, with mounting evidence for a role in the metastatic cascade. Because of their relative abundance in circulation, circulating hybrid cells have great potential as a liquid biomarker for early detection, prognostication, and surveillance. In all, the power of the cell reaches beyond enumeration by providing a cellular source of tumor DNA, RNA, and protein, which can be harnessed to impact overall survival.
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21
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Lopresti A, Malergue F, Bertucci F, Liberatoscioli ML, Garnier S, DaCosta Q, Finetti P, Gilabert M, Raoul JL, Birnbaum D, Acquaviva C, Mamessier E. Sensitive and easy screening for circulating tumor cells by flow cytometry. JCI Insight 2019; 5:128180. [PMID: 31194699 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) represent an easy, repeatable and representative access to information regarding solid tumors. However, their detection remains difficult because of their paucity, their short half-life, and the lack of reliable surface biomarkers. Flow cytometry (FC) is a fast, sensitive and affordable technique, ideal for rare cells detection. Adapted to CTCs detection (i.e. extremely rare cells), most FC-based techniques require a time-consuming pre-enrichment step, followed by a 2-hours staining procedure, impeding on the efficiency of CTCs detection. We overcame these caveats and reduced the procedure to less than one hour, with minimal manipulation. First, cells were simultaneously fixed, permeabilized, then stained. Second, using low-speed FC acquisition conditions and two discriminators (cell size and pan-cytokeratin expression), we suppressed the pre-enrichment step. Applied to blood from donors with or without known malignant diseases, this protocol ensures a high recovery of the cells of interest independently of their epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and can predict which samples are derived from cancer donors. This proof-of-concept study lays the bases of a sensitive tool to detect CTCs from a small amount of blood upstream of in-depth analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Lopresti
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Malergue
- Research, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Lucia Liberatoscioli
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Severine Garnier
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Quentin DaCosta
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Gilabert
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Luc Raoul
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Acquaviva
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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22
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Lusk JF, Miranda C, Howell M, Chrest M, Eshima J, Smith BS. Photoacoustic Flow System for the Detection of Ovarian Circulating Tumor Cells Utilizing Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1553-1560. [PMID: 33405628 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of cell-specific photoacoustic (PA) contrast agents within systems of fluidic flow provides opportunities for the accurate detection of early stage cancer metastasis. Despite the promise of exogenous contrast agents for use in clinical settings, applications are currently limited by both material biocompatibility and target specificity. In this study, folic acid functionalized copper sulfide nanoparticles (FA-CuS NPs) are synthesized to enable ovarian-cancer-specific binding and PA detection in a custom flow system. Folate receptors, known to be overexpressed on the surface of ovarian cancer cells, have remained an ideal candidate for specific targeting through functionalization on nanoparticles and other contrast agents. In combination with copper sulfide nanoparticles' strong absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR), these FA-CuS NPs are an ideal contrast agent capable of being detected by photoacoustic flow cytometry. For the first time, this study shows a potential PA contrast agent to accurately identify ovarian circulating tumor cells in flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel F Lusk
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 550 E. Orange Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Christopher Miranda
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 550 E. Orange Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Madeleine Howell
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 550 E. Orange Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Matthew Chrest
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 550 E. Orange Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Jarrett Eshima
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 550 E. Orange Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Barbara S Smith
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 550 E. Orange Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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23
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Takao M, Nagai Y, Ito M, Ohba T. Flow cytometric quantitation of EpCAM-positive extracellular vesicles by immunomagnetic separation and phospholipid staining method. Genes Cells 2018; 23:963-973. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Takao
- Department of Project Programs, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Yutaka Nagai
- IVD Operations; Nihon Kohden Corporation; Tokyo Japan
- Ogino Memorial Laboratory, Development Department; Nihon Kohden Corporation; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masami Ito
- Ogino Memorial Laboratory, Development Department; Nihon Kohden Corporation; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Ohba
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science and Faculty of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
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24
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Ota S, Horisaki R, Kawamura Y, Ugawa M, Sato I, Hashimoto K, Kamesawa R, Setoyama K, Yamaguchi S, Fujiu K, Waki K, Noji H. Ghost cytometry. Science 2018; 360:1246-1251. [PMID: 29903975 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ghost imaging is a technique used to produce an object's image without using a spatially resolving detector. Here we develop a technique we term "ghost cytometry," an image-free ultrafast fluorescence "imaging" cytometry based on a single-pixel detector. Spatial information obtained from the motion of cells relative to a static randomly patterned optical structure is compressively converted into signals that arrive sequentially at a single-pixel detector. Combinatorial use of the temporal waveform with the intensity distribution of the random pattern allows us to computationally reconstruct cell morphology. More importantly, we show that applying machine-learning methods directly on the compressed waveforms without image reconstruction enables efficient image-free morphology-based cytometry. Despite a compact and inexpensive instrumentation, image-free ghost cytometry achieves accurate and high-throughput cell classification and selective sorting on the basis of cell morphology without a specific biomarker, both of which have been challenging to accomplish using conventional flow cytometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadao Ota
- Thinkcyte Inc., 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan. .,University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Horisaki
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Information and Physical Sciences, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawamura
- Thinkcyte Inc., 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Masashi Ugawa
- Thinkcyte Inc., 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Issei Sato
- Thinkcyte Inc., 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,RIKEN AIP, Nihonbashi 1-chome Mitsui Building, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 6-13-1 Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kamesawa
- Thinkcyte Inc., 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Kotaro Setoyama
- Thinkcyte Inc., 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Satoko Yamaguchi
- University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Kayo Waki
- University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Noji
- University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,ImPACT Program, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-8914, Japan
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25
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Hao N, Nie Y, Shen T, Zhang JXJ. Microfluidics-enabled rational design of immunomagnetic nanomaterials and their shape effect on liquid biopsy. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1997-2002. [PMID: 29923569 PMCID: PMC6071334 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00273h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics brings unique opportunities for the synthesis of nanomaterials toward efficient liquid biopsy. Herein, we developed the microreactor-enabled flow synthesis of immunomagnetic nanomaterials with controllable shapes (sphere, cube, rod, and belt) by simply tuning the flow rates. The particle shape-dependent screening efficiency of circulating tumor cells was first investigated and compared with commercial ferrofluids, providing new insights into the rational design of a particulate system toward the screening and analysis of circulating tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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26
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An L, Wang G, Han Y, Li T, Jin P, Liu S. Electrochemical biosensor for cancer cell detection based on a surface 3D micro-array. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:335-342. [PMID: 29260185 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The detection of rare circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in patients' blood is crucial for the early diagnosis of cancer, highly precise cancer therapy and monitoring therapeutic outcomes in real time. In this study we have developed an efficient strategy to capture and detect CTCs from the blood of cancer patients using a benzoboric acid modified gold-plated polymeric substrate with a regular 3D surface array. Compared with the smooth substrate, the substrate with the surface 3D microarrays exhibited a higher capture efficiency, i.e. 3.8 times that afforded by the smooth substrate. Additionally, due to the reversible reaction between the benzoboric acid on the 3D microarray and the sialic acid on CTCs, our strategy allowed for easy detachment of the captured CTCs from the substrate without causing critical damage to the cells. This will be of benefit for gaining further access to these rare cells for downstream characterization. The proposed strategy provides several advantages, including enhanced capture efficiency, high sensitivity, low cost and recovery of isolated CTCs, and could become a promising platform for early stage diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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27
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Kasuga K, Katoh Y, Nagase K, Igarashi K. Microproteomics with microfluidic-based cell sorting: Application to 1000 and 100 immune cells. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28556466 PMCID: PMC5600086 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ultimately, cell biology seeks to define molecular mechanisms underlying cellular functions. However, heterogeneity within cell populations must be considered for optimal assay design and data interpretation. Although single-cell analyses are desirable for addressing this issue, practical considerations, including assay sensitivity, limit their broad application. Therefore, omics studies on small numbers of cells in defined subpopulations represent a viable alternative for elucidating cell functions at the molecular level. MS-based proteomics allows in-depth proteome exploration, although analyses of small numbers of cells have not been pursued due to loss during the multistep procedure involved. Thus, optimization of the proteomics workflow to facilitate the analysis of rare cells would be useful. Here, we report a microproteomics workflow for limited numbers of immune cells using non-damaging, microfluidic chip-based cell sorting and MS-based proteomics. Samples of 1000 or 100 THP-1 cells were sorted, and after enzymatic digestion, peptide mixtures were subjected to nano-LC-MS analysis. We achieved reasonable proteome coverage from as few as 100-sorted cells, and the data obtained from 1000-sorted cells were as comprehensive as those obtained using 1 μg of whole cell lysate. With further refinement, our approach could be useful for studying cell subpopulations or limited samples, such as clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kie Kasuga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasutake Katoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagase
- Division of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Zhu S, Qing T, Zheng Y, Jin L, Shi L. Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing and its applications in cancer research. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53763-53779. [PMID: 28881849 PMCID: PMC5581148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike population-level approaches, single-cell RNA sequencing enables transcriptomic analysis of an individual cell. Through the combination of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic tools, single-cell RNA-seq can detect more than 10,000 transcripts in one cell to distinguish cell subsets and dynamic cellular changes. After several years’ development, single-cell RNA-seq can now achieve massively parallel, full-length mRNA sequencing as well as in situ sequencing and even has potential for multi-omic detection. One appealing area of single-cell RNA-seq is cancer research, and it is regarded as a promising way to enhance prognosis and provide more precise target therapy by identifying druggable subclones. Indeed, progresses have been made regarding solid tumor analysis to reveal intratumoral heterogeneity, correlations between signaling pathways, stemness, drug resistance, and tumor architecture shaping the microenvironment. Furthermore, through investigation into circulating tumor cells, many genes have been shown to promote a propensity toward stemness and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, to enhance anchoring and adhesion, and to be involved in mechanisms of anoikis resistance and drug resistance. This review focuses on advances and progresses of single-cell RNA-seq with regard to the following aspects: 1. Methodologies of single-cell RNA-seq 2. Single-cell isolation techniques 3. Single-cell RNA-seq in solid tumor research 4. Single-cell RNA-seq in circulating tumor cell research 5. Perspectives
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Zhu
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tao Qing
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuanting Zheng
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Li Jin
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Leming Shi
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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29
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Hao N, Zhang JX. Microfluidic Screening of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers toward Liquid Biopsy. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2017.1320763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - John X.J. Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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30
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Bhagwat N, Carpenter EL. Flow Cytometric Methods for Circulating Tumor Cell Isolation and Molecular Analysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 994:105-118. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55947-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Sawada T, Watanabe M, Fujimura Y, Yagishita S, Shimoyama T, Maeda Y, Kanda S, Yunokawa M, Tamura K, Tamura T, Minami H, Koh Y, Koizumi F. Sensitive cytometry based system for enumeration, capture and analysis of gene mutations of circulating tumor cells. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:307-14. [PMID: 26708016 PMCID: PMC4814266 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for the enumeration and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been actively investigated. However, such methods are still technically challenging. We have developed a novel epithelial cell adhesion molecule independent CTC enumeration system integrated with a sorting system using a microfluidics chip. We compared the number of CTC detected using our system with those detected using the CellSearch system in 46 patients with various cancers. We also evaluated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and PIK3CA mutations of captured CTC in a study of 4 lung cancer and 4 breast cancer patients. The percentage of samples with detected CTC was significantly higher with our system (65.2%) than with CellSearch (28.3%). The number of detected CTC per patient using our system was statistically higher than that using CellSearch (median 5, 0; P = 0.000172, Wilcoxon test). In the mutation analysis study, the number of detected CTC per patient was low (median for lung, 4.5; median for breast, 5.5); however, it was easy to detect EGFR and PIK3CA mutations in the CTC of 2 lung and 1 breast cancer patient, respectively, using a commercially available kit. Our system is more sensitive than CellSearch in CTC enumeration of various cancers and is also capable of detecting EGFR and PIK3CA mutations in the CTC of lung and breast cancer patients, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sawada
- Shien-Lab, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Watanabe
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagaizumi, Japan.,Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Tatsu Shimoyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Maeda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kanda
- Division of Internal Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Yunokawa
- Division of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Division of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tamura
- Division of Internal Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koh
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagaizumi, Japan.,Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Koizumi
- Shien-Lab, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Liu Y, Zhu F, Dan W, Fu Y, Liu S. Construction of carbon nanotube based nanoarchitectures for selective impedimetric detection of cancer cells in whole blood. Analyst 2015; 139:5086-92. [PMID: 25110907 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A carbon nanotube (CNT) based nanoarchitecture is developed for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of cancer cells by using real time electrical impedance sensing. The sensor is constructed with carbon nanotube (CNT) multilayers and EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) antibodies, which are assembled on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode surface. The binding of tumor cells to EpCAM antibodies causes increase of the electron-transfer resistance. The electrochemical impedance of the prepared biosensors is linear with the logarithm of concentration of the liver cancer cell line (HepG2) within the concentration range of 10 to 10(5) cells per mL. The detection limit for HepG2 cells is 5 cells per mL. The proposed impedimetric sensing devices allow for sensitive and specific detection of cancer cells in whole-blood samples without any sample pretreatment steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
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33
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Cahall CF, Lilly JL, Hirschowitz EA, Berron BJ. A Quantitative Perspective on Surface Marker Selection for the Isolation of Functional Tumor Cells. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2015; 9:1-11. [PMID: 26309407 PMCID: PMC4517843 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s25461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Much effort has gone into developing fluid biopsies of patient peripheral blood for the monitoring of metastatic cancers. One common approach is to isolate and analyze tumor cells in the peripheral blood. Widespread clinical implementation of this approach has been hindered by the current choice of targeting epithelial markers known to be highly variable in primary tumor sites. Here, we review current antigen-based tumor cell isolation strategies and offer biological context for commonly studied cancer surface markers. Expression levels of the most common markers are quantitated for three breast cancer and two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lineage models. These levels are contrasted with that present on healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for comparison to expected background levels in a fluid biopsy setting. A key feature of this work is establishing a metric of markers per square micrometer. This describes an average marker density on the cell membrane surface, which is a critical metric for emerging isolation strategies. These results serve to extend expression of key tumor markers in a sensitive and dynamic manner beyond traditional positive/negative immunohistochemical staining to guide future fluid biopsy targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin F Cahall
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jacob L Lilly
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Edward A Hirschowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Brad J Berron
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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34
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Anitha N, Jimson S, Masthan KMK, Jacobina JJ. Circulating tumor cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma-an enigma or reality? J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:S173-5. [PMID: 26015702 PMCID: PMC4439662 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.155893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is ranking 1st among males and 4th among females in India. In spite of major advances in diagnosis and treatment of OSCC, survival rates, have remained poor. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood stream, play an important role in establishing metastases. It is important to identify patients suffering from nonlocalized tumor with “circulating” tumor cells to determine the tailor made, systemic therapy in addition to local resection and irradiation. Thus, detecting metastases at an early stage are needed for better prognosis and survival. CTCs as new prognostic marker to detect the metastatic potential will provide a novel insight into tumor burden and efficacy of therapy. The recent advances and its application in OSCC will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Anitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Pallikaranai, Chennai, India
| | - Sudha Jimson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Pallikaranai, Chennai, India
| | - K M K Masthan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Pallikaranai, Chennai, India
| | - J Jenita Jacobina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Pallikaranai, Chennai, India
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35
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Yamamoto S, Fei J, Okochi M, Shimizu K, Yusa A, Kondo N, Iwata H, Nakanishi H, Honda H. Efficient capturing of circulating tumor cells using a magnetic capture column and a size-selective filter. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1693-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Schmidt F, Hilger N, Oelkrug C, Svanidze E, Ruschpler P, Eichler W, Boldt A, Emmrich F, Fricke S. Flow cytometric analysis of the graft-versus-Leukemia-effect after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice. Cytometry A 2015; 87:334-45. [PMID: 25717029 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease (aGvHD) is one of the major complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although rather helpful, the use of conventional immunosuppressive drugs leads to general immunosuppression and is toxic. The effects of CD4(+) T-cells, in respect to the development of aGvHD, can be altered by administration of antihuman CD4 monoclonal antibodies, here MAX.16H5 IgG1 . This approach must be tested for possible interference with the Graft-versus-Leukemia-Effect (GvL). Thus, in vitro experiments were conducted, exposing P815 leukemic cells to bone marrow and splenocytes from cd4(-/-) -C57Bl/6 mice transgenic for human CD4 and HLA-DR3 (triple transgenic mice, [TTG]) as well as previously irradiated splenocytes from Balb/c(wt) mice. Using flow cytometry, the vitality of the various malignant and graft cells was analyzed over the course of 4 days. The survival rate of P815 cells did not change significantly when exposed to MAX.16H5 IgG1 , neither did the viability of the graft cells. This provides evidence that MAX.16H5 IgG1 does not impair the GvL effect in vitro. Additionally, P815-Balb/c(wt) leukemic mice were transplanted with P815(GFP) cells, bone marrow, and splenocytes from TTG mice with and without MAX.16H5 IgG1 . Without transplantation, P815(GFP) leukemic cells could be detected by flow cytometry in the liver, the bone marrow, and the spleen of recipients. The antibodies prevented aGvHD while leaving the GvL effect intact. These findings indicate no negative effect of MAX.16H5 IgG1 on the GvL effect in vitro and in vivo after HSCT in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schmidt
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
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Lieto E, Galizia G, Orditura M, Romano C, Zamboli A, Castellano P, Mabilia A, Auricchio A, DE Vita F, Gemei M. CD26-positive/CD326-negative circulating cancer cells as prognostic markers for colorectal cancer recurrence. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:542-550. [PMID: 25624884 PMCID: PMC4301532 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the presence and clinical relevance of a cluster of differentiation (CD)26+/CD326- subset of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in pre- and post-operative blood samples of colorectal cancer patients, who had undergone curative or palliative intervention, in order to find a novel prognostic factor for patient management and follow-up. In total, 80 colorectal cancer patients, along with 25 healthy volunteers were included. The easily transferable methodology of flow cytometry, along with multiparametric antibody staining were used to selectively evaluate CD26+/CD326- CTCs in the peripheral blood samples of colorectal cancer patients. The multiparametric selection allowed any enrichment methods to be avoided thus rendering the whole procedure suitable for clinical routine. The presence of CD26+/CD326- cells was higher in advanced Dukes' stages and was significantly associated with poor survival and high recurrence rates. Relapsing and non-surviving patients showed the highest number of CD26+/CD326- CTCs. High pre-operative levels of CD26+/CD326- CTCs correctly predicted tumor relapse in 44.4% of the cases, while 69% of post-operative CD26+/CD326- CTC-positive patients experienced cancer recurrence, with a test accuracy of 88.8%. By contrast, post-operative CD26+/CD326- CTC-negative patients showed an increase in the three-year progression-free survival rate of 86%, along with a reduced risk of tumor relapse of >90%. In conclusion, CD26+/CD326- CTCs are an independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence rate in multivariate analysis, suggesting that their evaluation could be an additional factor for colorectal cancer recurrence risk evaluation in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lieto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Gennaro Galizia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Michele Orditura
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'F. Magrassi-A. Lanzara' Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Ciro Romano
- Division of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Anna Zamboli
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Paolo Castellano
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Mabilia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Annamaria Auricchio
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Ferdinando DE Vita
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'F. Magrassi-A. Lanzara' Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Marica Gemei
- Center for Genetic Engineering, Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples I-80145, Italy
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Gach PC, Attayek PJ, Whittlesey RL, Yeh JJ, Allbritton NL. Micropallet arrays for the capture, isolation and culture of circulating tumor cells from whole blood of mice engrafted with primary human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 54:476-83. [PMID: 24316450 PMCID: PMC3947965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important biomarkers of cancer progression and metastatic potential. The rarity of CTCs in peripheral blood has driven the development of technologies to isolate these tumor cells with high specificity; however, there are limited techniques available for isolating target CTCs following enumeration. A strategy is described to capture and isolate viable tumor cells from whole blood using an array of releasable microstructures termed micropallets. Specific capture of nucleated cells or cells expressing epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM) was achieved by functionalizing micropallet surfaces with either fibronectin, Matrigel or anti-EpCAM antibody. Surface grafting of poly(acrylic acid) followed by covalent binding of protein A/G enabled efficient capture of EpCAM antibody on the micropallet surface. MCF-7 cells, a human breast adenocarcinoma, were retained on the array surface with 90±8% efficiency when using an anti-EpCAM-coated array. To demonstrate the efficiency of tumor cell retention on micropallet arrays in the presence of blood, MCF-7 cells were mixed into whole blood and added to small arrays (71 mm(2)) coated with fibronectin, Matrigel or anti-EpCAM. These approaches achieved MCF-7 cell capture from ≤10 µL of whole blood with efficiencies greater than 85%. Furthermore, MCF-7 cells intermixed with 1 mL blood and loaded onto large arrays (7171 mm(2)) were captured with high efficiencies (≥97%), could be isolated from the array by a laser-based approach and were demonstrated to yield a high rate of colony formation (≥85%) after removal from the array. Clinical utility of this technology was shown through the capture, isolation and successful culture of CTCs from the blood of mice engrafted with primary human pancreatic tumors. Direct capture and isolation of living tumor cells from blood followed by analysis or culture will be a valuable tool for cancer cell characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Gach
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Peter J Attayek
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Rebecca L Whittlesey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Surgery, Division of surgical Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Yoshimoto N, Kuroda S. Single-cell-based breeding: Rational strategy for the establishment of cell lines from a single cell with the most favorable properties. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 117:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Piyasena ME, Graves SW. The intersection of flow cytometry with microfluidics and microfabrication. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1044-59. [PMID: 24488050 PMCID: PMC4077616 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51152a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A modern flow cytometer can analyze and sort particles on a one by one basis at rates of 50,000 particles per second. Flow cytometers can also measure as many as 17 channels of fluorescence, several angles of scattered light, and other non-optical parameters such as particle impedance. More specialized flow cytometers can provide even greater analysis power, such as single molecule detection, imaging, and full spectral collection, at reduced rates. These capabilities have made flow cytometers an invaluable tool for numerous applications including cellular immunophenotyping, CD4+ T-cell counting, multiplex microsphere analysis, high-throughput screening, and rare cell analysis and sorting. Many bio-analytical techniques have been influenced by the advent of microfluidics as a component in analytical tools and flow cytometry is no exception. Here we detail the functions and uses of a modern flow cytometer, review the recent and historical contributions of microfluidics and microfabricated devices to field of flow cytometry, examine current application areas, and suggest opportunities for the synergistic application of microfabrication approaches to modern flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menake E. Piyasena
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM USA
| | - Steven W. Graves
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA, FAX: 15052771979; TEL:15052772043
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Ulrich H, Tárnok A. Flow cytometry detection of circulating tumor cells: Achievements and limitations as prognostic parameters. Cytometry A 2014; 85:201-2. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo; Brasil
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM); University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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Yusa A, Toneri M, Masuda T, Ito S, Yamamoto S, Okochi M, Kondo N, Iwata H, Yatabe Y, Ichinosawa Y, Kinuta S, Kondo E, Honda H, Arai F, Nakanishi H. Development of a new rapid isolation device for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using 3D palladium filter and its application for genetic analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88821. [PMID: 24523941 PMCID: PMC3921253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of patients with epithelial malignancies provide a promising and minimally invasive source for early detection of metastasis, monitoring of therapeutic effects and basic research addressing the mechanism of metastasis. In this study, we developed a new filtration-based, sensitive CTC isolation device. This device consists of a 3-dimensional (3D) palladium (Pd) filter with an 8 µm-sized pore in the lower layer and a 30 µm-sized pocket in the upper layer to trap CTCs on a filter micro-fabricated by precise lithography plus electroforming process. This is a simple pump-less device driven by gravity flow and can enrich CTCs from whole blood within 20 min. After on-device staining of CTCs for 30 min, the filter cassette was removed from the device, fixed in a cassette holder and set up on the upright fluorescence microscope. Enumeration and isolation of CTCs for subsequent genetic analysis from the beginning were completed within 1.5 hr and 2 hr, respectively. Cell spike experiments demonstrated that the recovery rate of tumor cells from blood by this Pd filter device was more than 85%. Single living tumor cells were efficiently isolated from these spiked tumor cells by a micromanipulator, and KRAS mutation, HER2 gene amplification and overexpression, for example, were successfully detected from such isolated single tumor cells. Sequential analysis of blood from mice bearing metastasis revealed that CTC increased with progression of metastasis. Furthermore, a significant increase in the number of CTCs from the blood of patients with metastatic breast cancer was observed compared with patients without metastasis and healthy volunteers. These results suggest that this new 3D Pd filter-based device would be a useful tool for the rapid, cost effective and sensitive detection, enumeration, isolation and genetic analysis of CTCs from peripheral blood in both preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yusa
- Aichi Science and Technology Foundation, Knowledge Hub Aichi, Priority Research Projects, Japan
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Makoto Toneri
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Japan
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Taisuke Masuda
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamamoto
- Department of Biotechnogloy, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Biotechnogloy, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Naoto Kondo
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biotechnogloy, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Fumihito Arai
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Hayao Nakanishi
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
- * E-mail:
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43
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Hyun KA, Jung HI. Advances and critical concerns with the microfluidic enrichments of circulating tumor cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:45-56. [PMID: 23982141 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50582k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been widely recognized for their importance in clinical trials. While most enrichment methods for these cells have been conducted through the batch process due to their rarity in blood and the need for large sample volumes, the batch process leads to unavoidable cell loss. Given the heterogenetic features of CTCs, this cell loss may limit the validity of research that relies on the isolation of CTCs; such research includes cancer prognosis, diagnosis of minimal residual diseases, assessment of tumor sensitivity to anticancer drugs, and the personalization of anticancer therapies. Recent advances in microfluidic approaches have made it possible to enrich CTCs with a small degree of cell loss. In this review, we highlight several microfluidic-based positive and negative enrichment methods that are the subject of considerable research interest (e.g. EpCAM-dependent assay and EpCAM-independent assay) and suggest a microfluidic-based single cell analysis platform for the down-stream analysis of CTCs. We also discuss critical concerns and future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Hyun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-no Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
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Watanabe M, Uehara Y, Yamashita N, Fujimura Y, Nishio K, Sawada T, Takeda K, Koizumi F, Koh Y. Multicolor detection of rare tumor cells in blood using a novel flow cytometry-based system. Cytometry A 2013; 85:206-13. [PMID: 24327318 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence and number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of patients with solid tumors are predictive of their clinical outcomes. To date, the CellSearch system is the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved CTC enumeration system for advanced breast, prostate, and colon cancers. However, sensitivity issues due to epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-based enrichment and limited capability for subsequent molecular analysis must be addressed before CTCs can be used as predictive markers in the clinical setting. We have developed a multicolor CTC detection system using cross-contamination-free flow cytometry, which permits the enumeration and characterization of CTCs for multiple molecular analyses. Tumor cell lines with different expression levels of EpCAM were spiked into peripheral blood obtained from healthy donors. Spike-in samples were negatively enriched using anti-CD45-coated magnetic beads to remove white blood cells, and this was followed by fixation and labeling with CD45-Alexa Fluor 700, EpCAM-phycoerythrin, cytokeratin (CK)-fluorescein isothiocyanate antibodies, and/or 7-aminoactinomycin D for nuclei staining. Excellent detection (slope = 0.760-0.888) and a linear performance (R(2) = 0.994-0.998) were noted between the observed and expected numbers of tumor cells, independent of EpCAM expression. The detection rate was markedly higher than that obtained using the CellSearch system, suggesting the superior sensitivity of our system in detecting EpCAM- tumor cells. Additionally, the incorporation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker allowed us to detect EpCAM-/CK- cells and EMT-induced tumor cells. Taken together, our multicolor CTC detection system may be highly efficient in detecting previously unrecognized populations of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Watanabe
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
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45
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Barradas AMC, Terstappen LWMM. Towards the Biological Understanding of CTC: Capture Technologies, Definitions and Potential to Create Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1619-42. [PMID: 24305653 PMCID: PMC3875957 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) are rare cells originated from tumors that travel into the blood stream, extravasate to different organs of which only a small fraction will develop into metastasis. The presence of CTC enumerated with the CellSearch system is associated with a relative short survival and their continued presence after the first cycles of therapy indicates a futile therapy in patients with metastatic carcinomas. Detailed characterization of CTC holds the promise to enable the choice of the optimal therapy for the individual patients during the course of the disease. The phenotype, physical and biological properties are however not well understood making it difficult to assess the merit of recent technological advancements to improve upon the capture of CTC or to evaluate their metastatic potential. Here we will discuss the recent advances in the classification of CTC captured by the CellSearch system, the implications of their features and numbers. Latest capture platforms are reviewed and placed in the light of technology improvements needed to detect CTC. Physical properties, phenotype, viability and proliferative potential and means to assess their proliferation and metastatic capacity will be summarized and placed in the context of the latest CTC capture platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M C Barradas
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands.
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Takao M, Nagai Y, Torii T. Cysteine-poor region-specific EpCAM monoclonal antibody recognizing native tumor cells with high sensitivity. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2013; 32:73-80. [PMID: 23607341 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2012.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
EpCAM is a ∼40 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein. EpCAM overexpression is a popular trait of almost all carcinomas and is considered as a targeted cancer immunotherapy as well as a practical marker for circulating tumor cells (CTC). Its extracellular part (EpEx) consists of an N-terminal EGF-like (EGF) domain, a TY-like (TY) domain, and an uncharacterized cysteine-poor (CP) region. Most commercially available murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to EpCAM, such as HEA 125 and VU-1D9, bind to the small EGF domain. In a previous study, we introduced iCeap (intact CTC enumeration and analysis procedure), keeping cellular integrity during the whole process. Unlike the CellSearch(®) CTC Test, iCeap enables downstream molecular analysis from detected CTC. Use of two EpCAM MAbs, one for immunomagnetic enrichment of rare CTC from blood samples and the other for labeling, is a concept of iCeap while an ideal MAb pair has not been found. In order to obtain a better MAb that recognizes a part of EpEx as different from EGF domain, we established a mouse hybridoma clone producing a new EpCAM MAb, KIJY2. Fluorophore-conjugated KIJY2 and HEA 125-FITC can concomitantly stain the tumor cell line LNCaP within indistinguishable cellular compartments (i.e., the cell surface). Epitope mapping reveals that KIJY2 binds to the CP region. The epitope for KIJY2 is sensitive to paraformaldehyde fixation, but native cells including MCF-7 (EpCAM high-expressing cell line) and PC-3 (EpCAM low and heterogeneously expressing cell line) are detected by KIJY2. In particular, KIJY2 detects all PC-3 cells regardless of their EpCAM expression levels. Therefore, KIJY2 and an EGF domain-directed MAb are a promising pair to form the EpCAM sandwich in iCeap. We demonstrate that KIJY2 incorporated into iCeap yielded favorable results in spike-in experiments of MCF-7 and PC-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Takao
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Wlodkowic D, Skommer J, Akagi J, Fujimura Y, Takeda K. Multiparameter analysis of apoptosis using lab-on-a-chip flow cytometry. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CYTOMETRY 2013; 66:9.42.1-9.42.15. [PMID: 24510726 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0942s66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The age of microfluidic flow cytometry (µFCM) is fast becoming a reality. One of the most exciting applications of miniaturized chip-based cytometers is multivariate analysis using sampling volumes as small as 10 µl while matching the multiparameter data collection of conventional flow cytometers. We outline several innovative protocols for analyzing caspase-dependent cell death and cell cycle (DNA-content) profile using a fully integrated microfluidic flow cytometry system, Fishman-R. The first protocol describes the use of a new plasma membrane-permeability marker, DRAQ7, and the fluorogenic caspase substrate PhiPhiLux to track caspase activation during programmed cell death. Also outlined is the use of DRAQ7 fluorochrome in conjunction with the mitochondrial membrane potential-sensitive probe TMRM to track dissipation of inner mitochondrial cross-membrane potential. Another protocol adds the ability to measure dissipation of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (using TMRM probe) in relation to the cell cycle profile (using DRAQ5 probe) in living leukemic cells. Finally, we describe the combined use of fluorogenic caspases substrate PhiPhiLux with DRAQ5 probe to measure caspase activation in relation to the cell cycle profile in living tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The BioMEMS Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The BioMEMS Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanna Skommer
- The BioMEMS Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jin Akagi
- The BioMEMS Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yoo Fujimura
- R&D Division, On-chip Biotechnologies, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takeda
- R&D Division, On-chip Biotechnologies, Tokyo, Japan
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Yu L, Ng SR, Xu Y, Dong H, Wang YJ, Li CM. Advances of lab-on-a-chip in isolation, detection and post-processing of circulating tumour cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3163-82. [PMID: 23771017 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc00052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are shed by primary tumours and are found in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic cancers. Recent studies have shown that the number of CTCs corresponds with disease severity and prognosis. Therefore, detection and further functional analysis of CTCs are important for biomedical science, early diagnosis of cancer metastasis and tracking treatment efficacy in cancer patients, especially in point-of-care applications. Over the last few years, there has been an increasing shift towards not only capturing and detecting these rare cells, but also ensuring their viability for post-processing, such as cell culture and genetic analysis. High throughput lab-on-a-chip (LOC) has been fuelled up to process and analyse heterogeneous real patient samples while gaining profound insights for cancer biology. In this review, we highlight how miniaturisation strategies together with nanotechnologies have been used to advance LOC for capturing, separating, enriching and detecting different CTCs efficiently, while meeting the challenges of cell viability, high throughput multiplex or single-cell detection and post-processing. We begin this survey with an introduction to CTC biology, followed by description of the use of various materials, microstructures and nanostructures for design of LOC to achieve miniaturisation, as well as how various CTC capture or separation strategies can enhance cell capture and enrichment efficiencies, purity and viability. The significant progress of various nanotechnologies-based detection techniques to achieve high sensitivities and low detection limits for viable CTCs and/or to enable CTC post-processing are presented and the fundamental insights are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the technologies are enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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49
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Arya SK, Lim B, Rahman ARA. Enrichment, detection and clinical significance of circulating tumor cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1995-2027. [PMID: 23625167 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are shed from primary or secondary tumors into blood circulation. Accessing and analyzing these cells provides a non-invasive alternative to tissue biopsy. CTCs are estimated to be as few as 1 cell among a few million WBCs and few billion RBCs in 1 ml of patient blood and are rarely found in healthy individuals. CTCs are FDA approved for prognosis of the major cancers, namely, Breast, Colon and Prostate. Currently, more than 400 clinical trials are ongoing to establish their clinical significance beyond prognosis, such as, therapy selection and companion diagnostics. Understanding the clinical relevance of CTCs typically involves isolation, detection and molecular characterization of cells, ideally at single cell level. The need for highly reliable, standardized and robust methodologies for isolating and analyzing CTCs has been widely expressed by clinical thought leaders. In the last decade, numerous academic and commercial technology platforms for isolation and analysis of CTCs have been reported. A recent market report highlighted the presence of more than 100 companies offering products and services related to CTCs. This review aims to capture the state of the art and examines the technical merits and limitations of contemporary technologies for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Arya
- Bioelectronics Programme, Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 11 Science Park Road, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117685.
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Hong B, Zu Y. Detecting circulating tumor cells: current challenges and new trends. Theranostics 2013; 3:377-94. [PMID: 23781285 PMCID: PMC3677409 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood stream play a critical role in establishing metastases. The clinical value of CTCs as a biomarker for early cancer detection, diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, stratification, and pharmacodynamics have been widely explored in recent years. However, the clinical utility of current CTC tests is limited mainly due to methodological constraints. In this review, the pros and cons of the reported CTC assays are comprehensively discussed. In addition, the potential of tumor cell-derived materials as new targets for CTC detection, including circulating tumor microemboli, cell fragments, and circulating DNA, is evaluated. Finally, emerging approaches for CTC detection, including telomerase-based or aptamer-based assays and cell functional analysis, are also assessed. Expectantly, a thorough review of the current knowledge and technology of CTC detection will assist the scientific community in the development of more efficient CTC assay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hong
- 1. TeloVISION, LLC, 1281 Win Hentschel Blvd. West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Youli Zu
- 2. Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin, MS205, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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