1
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Zhang F, Lu X, Zhu X, Yu Z, Xia W, Wei X. Real-time monitoring of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) by in vivo flow cytometry. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e70003. [PMID: 39441010 PMCID: PMC11497658 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.70003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicular structures comprised of a bilayer lipid membrane, released by living cells. There is a growing body of evidence for their functionality, indicating that small EVs (sEVs) can mediate specific forms of intercellular communication. The future applications of sEVs hold great promise, not only as diagnostic markers but also as therapeutic agents. However, the greatest difficulty in the clinical translation of sEVs is that they are currently poorly understood, especially concerning their in vivo behaviour. In this study, we provide a novel method for monitoring sEVs in blood circulation based on in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC). We have demonstrated that the height of the IVFC signal baseline is proportional to the concentration of sEVs. Moreover, we have found out that the peaks in the IVFC signal are generated by the aggregation or cellular uptake of sEVs. In vivo monitoring of sEVs clearance from the blood indicates that PEGylated sEVs have a longer residence time and exhibit less aggregation in circulation compared to non-PEGylated sEVs. These studies reveal that IVFC enables real-time in vivo monitoring of circulating sEVs, which can provide valuable insights into the pharmacokinetics and cellular targeting capabilities of sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med‐X Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med‐X Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xi Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ziwen Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med‐X Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weiliang Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med‐X Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xunbin Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med‐X Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Clinical MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Medical TechnologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- International Cancer InstitutePeking UniversityBeijingChina
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2
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Railean V, Buszewski B. Flow Cytometry - Sophisticated Tool for Basic Research or/and Routine Diagnosis; Impact of the Complementarity in Both Pre- as Well as Clinical Studies. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:2087-2109. [PMID: 36576036 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2154596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a sophisticated technology used widely in both basic research and as a routine tool in clinical diagnosis. The technology has progressed from single parameter detection in the 1970s and 1980s to high end multicolor analysis, with currently 30 parameters detected simultaneously, allowing the identification and purification of rare subpopulations of cells of interest. Flow cytometry continues to evolve and expand to facilitate the investigation of new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues. The present review gives an overview of basic theory and instrumentation, presents and compares the advantages and disadvantages of conventional, spectral and imaging flow cytometry as well as mass cytometry. Current methodologies and applications in both research, pre- and clinical settings are discussed, as well as potential limitations and future evolution. This finding encourages the reader to promote such relationship between basic science, diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach since the standard methods have limitations (e.g., in differentiating the cells after staining). Moreover, such path inspires future cytometry specialists develop new/alternative frontiers between pre- and clinical diagnosis and be more flexible in designing the study for both human as well as veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Railean
- Department of Infectious, Invasive Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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3
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Su X, Tárnok A. A mini review of recent development of flow cytometry in China. Cytometry A 2022; 101:614-616. [PMID: 35915877 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuantao Su
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Hamza B, Miller AB, Meier L, Stockslager M, Ng SR, King EM, Lin L, DeGouveia KL, Mulugeta N, Calistri NL, Strouf H, Bray C, Rodriguez F, Freed-Pastor WA, Chin CR, Jaramillo GC, Burger ML, Weinberg RA, Shalek AK, Jacks T, Manalis SR. Measuring kinetics and metastatic propensity of CTCs by blood exchange between mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5680. [PMID: 34584084 PMCID: PMC8479082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing preclinical methods for acquiring dissemination kinetics of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) en route to forming metastases have not been capable of providing a direct measure of CTC intravasation rate and subsequent half-life in the circulation. Here, we demonstrate an approach for measuring endogenous CTC kinetics by continuously exchanging CTC-containing blood over several hours between un-anesthetized, tumor-bearing mice and healthy, tumor-free counterparts. By tracking CTC transfer rates, we extrapolated half-life times in the circulation of between 40 and 260 s and intravasation rates between 60 and 107,000 CTCs/hour in mouse models of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, direct transfer of only 1-2% of daily-shed CTCs using our blood-exchange technique from late-stage, SCLC-bearing mice generated macrometastases in healthy recipient mice. We envision that our technique will help further elucidate the role of CTCs and the rate-limiting steps in metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Transfusion/methods
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/blood
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Lung Neoplasms/blood
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/blood
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Propensity Score
- RNA-Seq/methods
- Single-Cell Analysis/methods
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/blood
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Hamza
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex B Miller
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lara Meier
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Max Stockslager
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sheng Rong Ng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily M King
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kelsey L DeGouveia
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nolawit Mulugeta
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas L Calistri
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haley Strouf
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christina Bray
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Felicia Rodriguez
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William A Freed-Pastor
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher R Chin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grissel C Jaramillo
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Megan L Burger
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott R Manalis
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center at MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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5
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Fitzgerald JE, Byrd BK, Patil RA, Strawbridge RR, Davis SC, Bellini C, Niedre M. Heterogeneity of circulating tumor cell dissemination and lung metastases in a subcutaneous Lewis lung carcinoma model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3633-3647. [PMID: 33014556 PMCID: PMC7510907 DOI: 10.1364/boe.395289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous (s.c.) tumor models are widely used in pre-clinical cancer metastasis research. Despite this, the dynamics and natural progression of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTC clusters (CTCCs) in peripheral blood are poorly understood in these models. In this work, we used a new technique called 'diffuse in vivo flow cytometry' (DiFC) to study CTC and CTCC dissemination in an s.c. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model in mice. Tumors were grown in the rear flank and we performed DiFC up to 31 days after inoculation. At the study endpoint, lungs were excised and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed to determine the extent of lung metastases. We also used fluorescence macro-cryotome imaging to visualize infiltration and growth of the primary tumor. DiFC revealed significant heterogeneity in CTC and CTCC numbers amongst all mice studied, despite using clonally identical LLC cells and tumor placement. Maximum DiFC count rates corresponded to 0.1 to 14 CTCs per mL of peripheral blood. In general, CTC numbers did not necessarily increase monotonically over time and were poorly correlated with tumor volume. However, there was a good correlation between CTC and CTCC numbers in peripheral blood and lung metastases. We attribute the differences in CTC numbers primarily due to growth patterns of the primary tumor. This study is one of the few reports of CTC shedding dynamics in sub-cutaneous metastasis models and underscores the value of in vivo methods for continuous, non-invasive CTC monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Fitzgerald
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brook K. Byrd
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Roshani A. Patil
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rendall R. Strawbridge
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Scott C. Davis
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark Niedre
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Wang F, Wei D, Suo Y, Zhu X, Yuan Y, Gao W, Jiang H, Wei X, Chen T. In vivo flow cytometry combined with intravital microscopy to monitor kinetics of transplanted bone marrow mononuclear cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Harrington WN, Nolan J, Nedosekin DA, Smeltzer MS, Zharov VP. Real-Time Monitoring of Bacteria Clearance From Blood in a Murine Model. Cytometry A 2019; 97:706-712. [PMID: 31769208 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bloodstream infections, especially those that are antibiotic resistant, pose a significant challenge to health care leading to increased hospitalization time and patient mortality. There are different facets to this problem that make these diseases difficult to treat, such as the difficulty to detect bacteria in the blood and the poorly understood mechanism of bacterial invasion into and out of the circulatory system. However, little progress has been made in developing techniques to study bacteria dynamics in the bloodstream. Here, we present a new approach using an in vivo flow cytometry platform for real-time, noninvasive, label-free, and quantitative monitoring of the lifespan of green fluorescent protein-expressing Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a murine model. We report a relatively fast average rate of clearance for S. aureus (k = 0.37 ± 0.09 min-1 , half-life ~1.9 min) and a slower rate for P. aeruginosa (k = 0.07 ± 0.02 min-1 , half-life ~9.6 min). We also observed what appears to be two stages of clearance for S. aureus, while P. aeruginosa appeared only to have a single stage of clearance. Our results demonstrate that an advanced research tool can be used for studying the dynamics of bacteria cells directly in the bloodstream, providing insight into the progression of infectious diseases in circulation. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter N Harrington
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Slot 543, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Jacqueline Nolan
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Slot 543, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Dmitry A Nedosekin
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Slot 543, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Mark S Smeltzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences 4301 W. Markham, Slot 511, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Vladimir P Zharov
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Slot 543, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
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8
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Wei D, Zeng X, Yang Z, Zhou Q, Weng X, He H, Gao W, Gu Z, Wei X. Visualizing Interactions of Circulating Tumor Cell and Dendritic Cell in the Blood Circulation Using In Vivo Imaging Flow Cytometry. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2521-2526. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2891068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Suo Y, Gu Z, Wei X. Advances of In Vivo Flow Cytometry on Cancer Studies. Cytometry A 2019; 97:15-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Suo
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation CenterPeking University Beijing China
- School of Life SciencesPeking University Beijing China
| | - Zhenqin Gu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- School of PhysicsFoshan University Foshan 52800 China
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10
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Bioinspired magnetic nanoparticles as multimodal photoacoustic, photothermal and photomechanical contrast agents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:887. [PMID: 30696936 PMCID: PMC6351522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles from magnetotactic bacteria have been used in conventional imaging, drug delivery, and magnetic manipulations. Here, we show that these natural nanoparticles and their bioinspired hybrids with near-infrared gold nanorods and folic acid can serve as molecular high-contrast photoacoustic probes for single-cell diagnostics and as photothermal agents for single-cell therapy using laser-induced vapor nanobubbles and magnetic field as significant signal and therapy amplifiers. These theranostics agents enable the detection and photomechanical killing of triple negative breast cancer cells that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy, with just one or a few low-energy laser pulses. In studies in vivo, we discovered that circulating tumor cells labeled with the nanohybrids generate transient ultrasharp photoacoustic resonances directly in the bloodstream as the basis for new super-resolution photoacoustic flow cytometry in vivo. These properties make natural and bioinspired magnetic nanoparticles promising biocompatible, multimodal, high-contrast, and clinically relevant cellular probes for many in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications.
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11
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Hu Y, Tang W, Cheng P, Zhou Q, Tian X, Wei X, He H. Monitoring circulating tumor cells in vivo by a confocal microscopy system. Cytometry A 2018; 95:657-663. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Hu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Wanyi Tang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Pan Cheng
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Hao He
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, 200030 China
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12
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Nolan J, Nedosekin DA, Galanzha EI, Zharov VP. Detection of Apoptotic Circulating Tumor Cells Using in vivo Fluorescence Flow Cytometry. Cytometry A 2018; 95:664-671. [PMID: 30508273 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most cancer patients die from metastatic disease as a result of a circulating tumor cell (CTC) spreading from a primary tumor through the blood circulation to distant organs. Many studies have demonstrated the tremendous potential of using CTC counts as prognostic markers of metastatic development and therapeutic efficacy. However, it is only the viable CTCs capable of surviving in the blood circulation that can create distant metastasis. To date, little progress has been made in understanding what proportion of CTCs is viable and what proportion is in an apoptotic state. Here, we introduce a novel approach toward in situ characterization of CTC apoptosis status using a multicolor in vivo flow cytometry platform with fluorescent detection for the real-time identification and enumeration of such cells directly in blood flow. The proof of concept was demonstrated with two-color fluorescence flow cytometry (FFC) using breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 expressing green fluorescein protein (GFP), staurosporine as an activator of apoptosis, Annexin-V apoptotic kit with orange dye color, and a mouse model. The future application of this new platform for real-time monitoring of antitumor drug efficiency is discussed. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Nolan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205.,Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Dmitry A Nedosekin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205.,Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Ekaterina I Galanzha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205.,Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
| | - Vladimir P Zharov
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205.,Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
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13
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Su YH, Kim AK, Jain S. Liquid biopsies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Res 2018; 201:84-97. [PMID: 30056068 PMCID: PMC6483086 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the world's second leading cause of cancer death; 82.4% of patients die within 5 years. This grim prognosis is the consequence of a lack of effective early detection tools, limited treatment options, and the high frequency of HCC recurrence. Advances in the field of liquid biopsy hold great promise in improving early detection of HCC, advancing patient prognosis, and ultimately increasing the survival rate. In an effort to address the current challenges of HCC screening and management, several studies have identified and evaluated liver-cancer-associated molecular signatures such as genetic alterations, methylation, and noncoding RNA expression in the form of circulating biomarkers in body fluids and circulating tumor cells of HCC patients. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in HCC liquid biopsy, organized by the intended clinical application of the reported study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsiu Su
- The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
| | - Amy K Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland.
| | - Surbhi Jain
- JBS Science, Inc., Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
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14
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Xu Y, Zhou W, Ji Y, Shen J, Zhu X, Yu H, Guo J, Pang Z, Wei W. Elongator promotes the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cell by the phosphorylation of AKT. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:518-530. [PMID: 29805303 PMCID: PMC5968844 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Elongator is a complex with multiple subunits (Elp1-Elp6) which promotes transcript elongation and protein translation. In this study, we investigated the effects of Elongator on the migration and invasion of HCC cells as well as the underlying mechanisms. We showed that overexpression of Elp3 or Elp4 promoted the migration and invasion of HCC cells, which was abolished when either Elp3 or Elp4 was silenced. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were enhanced by phosphorylation of AKT. Elongator-driven migration and invasion and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were reduced in HCC cells treated with AKT inhibitor LY294002. Depletion of Elp3 also reduced the phosphorylation of AKT induced by growth factors. In vivo assay of lung metastasis in mice demonstrated that overexpression of Elp3 increased tumor nodules metastatic to lung. Importantly, Elp3 was up-regulated in human HCC tissues, which was correlated with the phosphorylation of AKT and expression of MMP-2. Collectively, these results suggested that Elongator activated migration and invasion of HCC cells by promoting the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our work suggests that Elongator might be a potential marker which promotes the metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Xiaxia Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Huijun Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Jingchun Guo
- State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhi Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The North District of the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215008 China
| | - Wenxiang Wei
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
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15
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Wei D, Pang K, Song Q, Suo Y, He H, Weng X, Gao X, Wei X. Noninvasive monitoring of nanoparticle clearance and aggregation in blood circulation by in vivo flow cytometry. J Control Release 2018; 278:66-73. [PMID: 29625160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been widely used in biomedical research as drug carriers or imaging agents for living animals. Blood circulation is crucial for the delivery of nanoparticles, which enter the bloodstream through injection, inhalation, or dermal exposure. However, the clearance kinetics of nanoparticles in blood circulation has been poorly studied, mainly because of the limitations of conventional detection methods, such as insufficient blood sample volumes or low spatial-temporal resolution. In addition, formation of nanoparticle aggregates is a key determinant for biocompatibility and drug delivery efficiency. Aggregation behavior of nanoparticles in blood is studied using dynamic light scattering in serum or serum protein solutions, which is still very different from in vivo condition. In this work, we monitored the dynamics of nanoparticle concentration and formation of nanoparticle aggregates in the bloodstream in live animals using in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC). The results indicated that nanoparticles in smaller size could stay longer in the bloodstream. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modification could prolong circulating time and reduce the formation of aggregates in the blood circulation. Our work shows that IVFC can be a powerful tool for pharmacokinetic studies of nanoparticles and other drug carriers, assessing cell-targeting efficiency, as well as potentially measuring cardiac output and hepatic function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kai Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuanzhen Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, USA
| | - Hao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaofu Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xunbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Road, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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16
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Hartmann C, Patil R, Lin CP, Niedre M. Fluorescence detection, enumeration and characterization of single circulating cells in vivo: technology, applications and future prospects. Phys Med Biol 2017; 63:01TR01. [PMID: 29240559 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa98f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are many diseases and biological processes that involve circulating cells in the bloodstream, such as cancer metastasis, immunology, reproductive medicine, and stem cell therapies. This has driven significant interest in new technologies for the study of circulating cells in small animal research models and clinically. Most currently used methods require drawing and enriching blood samples from the body, but these suffer from a number of limitations. In contrast, 'in vivo flow cytometry' (IVFC) refers to set of technologies that allow study of cells directly in the bloodstream of the organism in vivo. In recent years the IVFC field has grown significantly and new techniques have been developed, including fluorescence microscopy, multi-photon, photo-acoustic, and diffuse fluorescence IVFC. In this paper we review recent technical advances in IVFC, with emphasis on instrumentation, contrast mechanisms, and detection sensitivity. We also describe key applications in biomedical research, including cancer research and immunology. Last, we discuss future directions for IVFC, as well as prospects for broader adoption by the biomedical research community and translation to humans clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Hartmann
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America. Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Suo Y, Xie C, Zhu X, Fan Z, Yang Z, He H, Wei X. Proportion of circulating tumor cell clusters increases during cancer metastasis. Cytometry A 2016; 91:250-253. [PMID: 28009470 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters are found among CTCs and show significantly greater potential for an important role in cancer metastasis than single CTCs, which have been traditionally believed as the majority of CTCs. The accurate proportion and dynamics of CTC clusters remain unclear due to the fact that CTCs in blood flow are very difficult to detect in vivo and in vitro. CTC clusters are even more difficult to be distinguished from CTCs without perturbation by state-of-the-art detection methods. Here, we demonstrate that by using in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC), we can reliably measure the proportion and dynamics of CTC clusters in two murine tumor models. CTC clusters are easily identified by their unique fluorescent pattern with multiple peaks and wider time duration. We find that the proportion of CTC clusters increases significantly during cancer metastasis in both mouse models, the orthotopic liver cancer and the subcutaneous prostate cancer models. Our results suggest that CTC clusters account for a much larger proportion of CTCs than previously anticipated. Hence this report might provide a new-level of understanding of CTCs during cancer development and progression. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Suo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chengying Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhangru Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hao He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
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18
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Yao J, Feng J, Gao X, Wei D, Kang T, Zhu Q, Jiang T, Wei X, Chen J. Neovasculature and circulating tumor cells dual-targeting nanoparticles for the treatment of the highly-invasive breast cancer. Biomaterials 2016; 113:1-17. [PMID: 27794222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenesis therapy has been served as a potent cancer treatment strategy for decades, yet disrupting neovasculature would provoke tumor cells into invasive growth and result in distal metastasis. The basic cause of cancer metastasis can be traced down to the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which detach from primary tumor site and act as 'seeds'. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a potential biomarker for selective capture of epithelium-derived CTCs. Here, we integrated tumor neovessles-targetable ligands K237 peptide with Ep23 aptamer against EpCAM into a single drug-loaded nanoplatform using paclitaxel (PTX) as the model drug, aiming at damaging the primary tumor and neutralizing CTCs simultaneously to achieve a synergistic anti-tumor therapeutic effect. Enhanced cellular uptake, cell apoptosis-induction and cell-viability inhibition efficiency of the peptide and aptamer dual-functionalized nanoparticles (dTNP) were observed in both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and 4T1 cells in vitro. Using cone-and-plate viscometer to create venous flow velocity, dTNP was also found to be able to capture CTCs under shear stress. The CTC-targeting and neutralization effect of dTNP in bloodstream and 4T1-GFP cell-derived lung metastasis mice model was confirmed via in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC), intravital imaging and confocal microscopy analysis. As a result, the orthotropic breast tumor-bearing mice administrated with PTX-loaded dTNP exhibited the optimal therapeutic effect. Taken together, the findings here provided direct evidence that the tumor neovasculature and CTCs dual-targeting drug delivery system could provide a novel modality for the treatment of highly-invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jingxian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Dan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Ting Kang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Tianze Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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19
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Yan J, Fan Z, Wu X, Xu M, Jiang J, Tan C, Wu W, Wei X, Zhou J. Circulating tumor cells are correlated with disease progression and treatment response in an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model. Cytometry A 2015; 87:1020-8. [PMID: 26355643 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor characterized by rapid progression, poor prognosis, and frequent hematogenous metastasis. A minimally invasive diagnostic biomarker that can predict disease progression and treatment response would be of extraordinary benefit. Therefore, we have investigated whether the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is correlated with disease progression and treatment response in HCC. Here we report that the number of CTCs, monitored by in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC), is strongly correlated with disease progression and treatment response in a highly metastatic orthotopic nude mouse model of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled HCC. Sorafenib treatment reduces the number of CTCs significantly. The decreased number of CTCs is consistent with low lung metastasis. This study has demonstrated a considerable clinical value of CTCs as a biomarker in predicting disease progression and monitoring therapeutic efficacy in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgery, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgery, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Jiang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Tan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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20
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Suo Y, Liu T, Xie C, Wei D, Tan X, Wu L, Wang X, He H, Shi G, Wei X, Shi C. Near infrared in vivo flow cytometry for tracking fluorescent circulating cells. Cytometry A 2015; 87:878-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Suo
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Chengying Xie
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Dan Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Liao Wu
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Hao He
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Guohua Shi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics; Chengdu 610209 China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Optics and Electronics, The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics; Chengdu 610209 China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
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21
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Barradas AMC, Terstappen LWMM. Towards the Biological Understanding of CTC: Capture Technologies, Definitions and Potential to Create Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1619-42. [PMID: 24305653 PMCID: PMC3875957 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) are rare cells originated from tumors that travel into the blood stream, extravasate to different organs of which only a small fraction will develop into metastasis. The presence of CTC enumerated with the CellSearch system is associated with a relative short survival and their continued presence after the first cycles of therapy indicates a futile therapy in patients with metastatic carcinomas. Detailed characterization of CTC holds the promise to enable the choice of the optimal therapy for the individual patients during the course of the disease. The phenotype, physical and biological properties are however not well understood making it difficult to assess the merit of recent technological advancements to improve upon the capture of CTC or to evaluate their metastatic potential. Here we will discuss the recent advances in the classification of CTC captured by the CellSearch system, the implications of their features and numbers. Latest capture platforms are reviewed and placed in the light of technology improvements needed to detect CTC. Physical properties, phenotype, viability and proliferative potential and means to assess their proliferation and metastatic capacity will be summarized and placed in the context of the latest CTC capture platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M C Barradas
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands.
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22
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No evidence for shedding of circulating tumor cells to the peripheral venous blood as a result of mammographic breast compression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 141:187-95. [PMID: 23990353 PMCID: PMC3785181 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to investigate whether mammographic compression procedures might cause shedding of tumor cells into the circulatory system as reflected by circulating tumor cell (CTC) count in peripheral venous blood samples. From March to October 2012, 24 subjects with strong suspicion of breast malignancy were included in the study. Peripheral blood samples were acquired before and after mammography. Enumeration of CTCs in the blood samples was performed using the CellSearch® system. The pressure distribution over the tumor-containing breast was measured using thin pressure sensors. The median age was 66.5 years (range, 51–87 years). In 22 of the 24 subjects, breast cancer was subsequently confirmed. The difference between the average mean tumor pressure 6.8 ± 5.3 kPa (range, 1.0–22.5 kPa) and the average mean breast pressure 3.4 ± 1.6 kPa (range, 1.5–7.1 kPa) was statistically significant (p < 0.001), confirming that there was increased pressure over the tumor. The median pathological tumor size was 19 mm (range, 9–30 mm). Four subjects (17 %) were CTC positive before compression and two of these (8 %) were also CTC positive after compression. A total of seven CTCs were isolated with a mean size of 8 × 6 μm2 (range of the longest diameter, 5–12 μm). The study supports the view that mammography is a safe procedure from the point of view of tumor cell shedding to the peripheral blood.
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23
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MicroRNA-9 enhances migration and invasion through KLF17 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:884-94. [PMID: 23684102 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the hallmarks of cancer malignancy that usually causes more detrimental effects than a primary tumor. Many microRNAs were reported to be involved in the process of tumor metastasis. Hep11 and Hep12 cells were derived from primary and recurrence (intrahepatic metastatic) sites of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), respectively. Hep12 exhibited a higher invasive and migratory potential than Hep11. There was also a significantly higher expression of miR-9 in Hep12 cells than in Hep11 cells. Further studies in HCC cell lines demonstrated that miR-9 could promote tumor cell migration and invasion. In addition, miR-9 downregulated KLF17 protein expression by targeting the 3'UTR region of the KLF17 gene directly. As a transcription factor, KLF17 directly acted on the promoters of EMT-related genes (ZO-1, Vimentin and Fibronectin (FN)) in HCC cell lines. Therefore, we conclude that miR-9 may possibly promote HCC migration and invasion through regulation of KLF17.
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24
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Wang C, Gui CP, Liu HK, Zhang D, Mosig A. An image skeletonization-based tool for pollen tube morphology analysis and phenotyping. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 55:131-41. [PMID: 23116178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying pollen tube growth involves diverse genes and molecular pathways. Alterations in the regulatory genes or pathways cause phenotypic changes reflected by cellular morphology, which can be captured using fluorescence microscopy. Determining and classifying pollen tube morphological phenotypes in such microscopic images is key to our understanding the involvement of genes and pathways. In this context, we propose a computational method to extract quantitative morphological features, and demonstrate that these features reflect morphological differences relevant to distinguish different defects of pollen tube growth. The corresponding software tool furthermore includes a novel semi-automated image segmentation approach, allowing to highly accurately identify the boundary of a pollen tube in a microscopic image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Wang
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute and CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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25
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Ding Y, Wang J, Fan Z, Wei D, Shi R, Luo Q, Zhu D, Wei X. Signal and depth enhancement for in vivo flow cytometer measurement of ear skin by optical clearing agents. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2518-26. [PMID: 24298412 PMCID: PMC3829546 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC) has shown a great potential for detecting circulating tumor cells quantitatively in the bloodstream. However, the detection depth suffers from the strong light scattering of tissue. In this study, an innovative ear skin optical clearing agent (ESOCA) is employed to improve the signal quality of the IVFC. Our results show that compared with commonly used glycerol, topical application of ESOCA can enhance the transmittance of rat ear significantly in vivo. The labeled red blood cells can be detected by the IVFC with higher signal quality and greater detection depth. This study is very helpful for potential tumor metastasis studies by the IVFC in deep tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jing Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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26
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Fábián Á, Vereb G, Szöllősi J. The hitchhikers guide to cancer stem cell theory: Markers, pathways and therapy. Cytometry A 2012; 83:62-71. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Fan ZC, Yan J, Liu GD, Tan XY, Weng XF, Wu WZ, Zhou J, Wei XB. Real-time monitoring of rare circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells in an orthotopic model by in vivo flow cytometry assesses resection on metastasis. Cancer Res 2012; 72:2683-91. [PMID: 22454286 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The fate of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is an important determinant of metastasis and recurrence, which leads to most deaths in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, quantification of CTCs proves to be an emerging tool for diagnosing, stratifying, and monitoring patients with metastatic diseases. In vivo flow cytometry has the capability to monitor the dynamics of fluorescently labeled CTCs continuously and noninvasively. Here, we combine in vivo flow cytometry technique and a GFP-transfected HCC orthotopic metastatic tumor model to monitor CTC dynamics. Our in vivo flow cytometry has approximately 1.8-fold higher sensitivity than whole blood analysis by conventional flow cytometry. We found a significant difference in CTC dynamics between orthotopic and subcutaneous tumor models. We also investigated whether liver resection promotes or restricts hematogenous metastasis in advanced HCC. Our results show that the number of CTCs and early metastases decreases significantly after the resection. The resection prominently restricts hematogenous metastasis and distant metastases. CTC dynamics is correlated with tumor growth in our orthotopic tumor model. The number and size of distant metastases correspond to CTC dynamics. The novel in vivo flow cytometry technique combined with orthotopic tumor models might provide insights to tumor hematogenous metastasis and guidance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Tárnok A. The good, the bad and the savage - cytometry of the rare. Cytometry A 2012; 81:99-100. [PMID: 22271397 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Circulating tumor cells measurements in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Hepatol 2012; 2012:684802. [PMID: 22690340 PMCID: PMC3368319 DOI: 10.1155/2012/684802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women. During the past 20 years, the incidence of HCC has tripled while the 5-year survival rate has remained below 12%. The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) reflects the aggressiveness nature of a tumor. Many attempts have been made to develop assays that reliably detect and enumerate the CTC during the development of the HCC. In this case, the challenges are (1) there are few markers specific to the HCC (tumor cells versus nontumor cells) and (2) they can be used to quantify the number of CTC in the bloodstream. Another technical challenge consists of finding few CTC mixed with million leukocytes and billion erythrocytes. CTC detection and identification can be used to estimate prognosis and may serve as an early marker to assess antitumor activity of treatment. CTC can also be used to predict progression-free survival and overall survival. CTC are an interesting source of biological information in order to understand dissemination, drug resistance, and treatment-induced cell death. Our aim is to review and analyze the different new methods existing to detect, enumerate, and characterize the CTC in the peripheral circulation of patients with HCC.
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Tuchin VV, Tárnok A, Zharov VP. In vivo flow cytometry: a horizon of opportunities. Cytometry A 2011; 79:737-45. [PMID: 21915991 PMCID: PMC3663136 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) has been a fundamental tool of biological discovery for many years. Invasive extraction of cells from a living organism, however, may lead to changes in cell properties and prevents studying cells in their native environment. These problems can be overcome by use of in vivo FCM, which provides detection and imaging of circulating normal and abnormal cells directly in blood or lymph flow. The goal of this review is to provide a brief history, features, and challenges of this new generation of FCM methods and instruments. Spectrum of possibilities of in vivo FCM in biological science (e.g., cell metabolism, immune function, or apoptosis) and medical fields (e.g., cancer, infection, and cardiovascular disorder) including integrated photoacoustic-photothermal theranostics of circulating abnormal cells are discussed with focus on recent advances of this new platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V. Tuchin
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Institute of Precise Mechanics and Control, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov 410028, Russia
- University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014 Finland
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, G04289 Germany
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205 USA
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