Quantum approach for nanoparticle fluorescence by sub-ns photon detection

Flow cytometry: Aspects and application in plant and biological science

Flow cytometry is a potent method that enables the quick and concurrent investigation of several characteristics of single cells in solution. Photodiodes or photomultiplier tubes are employed to detect the dispersed and fluorescent light signals that are produced by the laser beam as it passes through the cells. Photodetectors transform the light signals produced by the laser into electrical impulses. A computer then analyses these electrical impulses to identify and measure the various cell populations depending on their fluorescence or light scattering characteristics. Based on their fluorescence or light scattering properties, cell populations can be examined and/or isolated. This review covers the basic principle, components, working and specific biological applications of flow cytometry, including studies on plant, cell and molecular biology and methods employed for data processing and interpretation as well as the potential future relevance of this methodology in light of retrospective analysis and recent advancements in flow cytometry.

Flow Cytometry: The Next Revolution

Unmasking the subtleties of the immune system requires both a comprehensive knowledge base and the ability to interrogate that system with intimate sensitivity. That task, to a considerable extent, has been handled by an iterative expansion in flow cytometry methods, both in technological capability and also in accompanying advances in informatics. As the field of fluorescence-based cytomics matured, it reached a technological barrier at around 30 parameter analyses, which stalled the field until spectral flow cytometry created a fundamental transformation that will likely lead to the potential of 100 simultaneous parameter analyses within a few years. The simultaneous advance in informatics has now become a watershed moment for the field as it competes with mature systematic approaches such as genomics and proteomics, allowing cytomics to take a seat at the multi-omics table. In addition, recent technological advances try to combine the speed of flow systems with other detection methods, in addition to fluorescence alone, which will make flow-based instruments even more indispensable in any biological laboratory. This paper outlines current approaches in cell analysis and detection methods, discusses traditional and microfluidic sorting approaches as well as next-generation instruments, and provides an early look at future opportunities that are likely to arise.

Flow cytometry: past and future

Flow cytometry is a single-cell technology that measures scatter and fluorescence to establish a set of unique cellular properties. Flow cytometry is used in many areas of science, in particular biotechnology and medicine, but also in industrial applications. Flow cytometry can identify multiple phenotypic subsets from a mixture, select a single cell and even isolate that cell by a process called cell sorting. The field is currently undergoing dramatic changes. We are moving rapidly from the polychromic flow cytometry that has been the go-to technology for 45 years to spectral flow cytometry, which is now the most significant change in nearly half a century of flow cytometry. With change comes opportunity. Even spectral flow cytometry will morph into second-generation spectral flow cytometry within 5 years. New, exciting features will open up molecular diagnostics and physiology to flow cytometry.