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Cruz Cruz J, Allison KC, Page LS, Jenkins AJ, Wang X, Earp HS, Frye SV, Graham DK, Verneris MR, Lee-Sherick AB. Inhibiting efferocytosis reverses macrophage-mediated immunosuppression in the leukemia microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146721. [PMID: 36960055 PMCID: PMC10027704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies show that the spleen and bone marrow can serve as leukemia microenvironments in which macrophages play a significant role in immune evasion and chemoresistance. We hypothesized that the macrophage driven tolerogenic process of efferocytosis is a major contributor to the immunosuppressive leukemia microenvironment and that this was driven by aberrant phosphatidylserine expression from cell turnover and cell membrane dysregulation. Methods Since MerTK is the prototypic efferocytosis receptor, we assessed whether the MerTK inhibitor MRX2843, which is currently in clinical trials, would reverse immune evasion and enhance immune-mediated clearance of leukemia cells. Results We found that inhibition of MerTK decreased leukemia-associated macrophage expression of M2 markers PD-L1, PD-L2, Tim-3, CD163 and Arginase-1 compared to vehicle-treated controls. Additionally, MerTK inhibition led to M1 macrophage repolarization including elevated CD86 and HLA-DR expression, and increased production of T cell activating cytokines, including IFN-β, IL-18, and IL-1β through activation of NF-κB. Collectively, this macrophage repolarization had downstream effects on T cells within the leukemia microenvironment, including decreased PD-1+Tim-3+ and LAG3+ checkpoint expression, and increased CD69+CD107a+ expression. Discussion These results demonstrate that MerTK inhibition using MRX2843 altered the leukemia microenvironment from tumor-permissive toward immune responsiveness to leukemia and culminated in improved immune-mediated clearance of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselyn Cruz Cruz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kristen C. Allison
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lauren S. Page
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alexis J. Jenkins
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - H. Shelton Earp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen V. Frye
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Douglas K. Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael R. Verneris
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alisa B. Lee-Sherick
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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Spontaneous apoptosis and BCL2 gene expression as predictors of early death and short overall survival in acute leukemia patients: a prospective, case cohort study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Spontaneous apoptosis and expression of MCL1, BCL2, and BCL-XL may be useful prognostic markers in acute leukemia patients. The purpose of this study is to examine the prognosis in adult leukemia patients based on spontaneous apoptosis and anti-apoptosis gene expressions in circulating leukocytes.
Results
Early, late, and total apoptosis were significantly increased in peripheral blood leukocytes from patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) compared to controls and in cases of ALL versus AML (P < 0.001). Total apoptosis decreased significantly in AML and ALL patients who died early (ED); P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively. Anti-apoptosis genes MCL1, BCL2, and BCL-XL were upregulated in 62.4%, 64.2%, and 62.4% of the acute leukemia patients, respectively. Among the AML patients, the up-regulation of BCL2 was paradoxically associated with increased apoptosis and low rates of ED. The expression levels of MCL1 and BCL-XL had no significant prognostic values; among patients diagnosed with non-acute promyelocytic leukemia (non-APL-AML), total spontaneous apoptosis, expression of BCL2, and performance status were independent predictors of overall survival (OS).
Conclusion
Total spontaneous apoptosis and BCL2 gene expression may be valuable independent markers for OS in patients with non-APL-AML. Moreover, in ALL patients decreased levels of spontaneous apoptosis were associated with ED, although this was not a significant predictor of OS.
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Nguyen VT, Doan P, Nguyen DT, Doan VD, Dao TP, Plavskii V, Nguyen BT, Tran NQ. Effect of targeting ligand designation of self-assembly chitosan-poloxamer nanogels loaded Paclitacel on inhibiting MCF-7 cancer cell growth. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 33:426-442. [PMID: 34641768 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1992587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated two formulations of chitosan-Pluronic P123 with different folate ligand designation for targeted delivery of Paclitaxel (PTX), in which folic acid (FA) was directly conjugated to chitosan (FA-Cs-P123) or substituted onto P123 (Cs-P123-FA). The results showed that the FA content of Cs-P123-FA was determined at 0.71 wt/wt% which was significantly higher than that of FA-Cs-P123 (0.31 wt/wt%). Two copolymers were low critical gel concentrations (CGC). FA-Cs-P123 and Cs-P123-FA nanogels performed high PTX encapsulation efficiency reaching 95.57 ± 5.51 and 92.51 ± 6.68 wt/wt%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential analysis indicated that the PTX-loaded nanogels were spherically formed around 60 nm in diameter along with positive charge. Furthermore, the PTX release profile was slow and it was controlled by the pH of the medium. In particular, in vitro biocompatibility assays indicated that both FA-Cs-P123 and Cs-P123-FA exhibited good biological compatibility with a human foreskin fibroblast cell line and well uptake efficiency into MCF-7 cancer cells. Cs-P123-FA nanogel significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of PTX in comparison with FA-Cs-P123. The result indicates that Cs-P123-FA nanogels with a higher decorated FA content perform a better targeting efficiency; therefore, they could have great potential application towards breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Toan Nguyen
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Natural Science, Duy Tan University, Da Nang city, Vietnam.,Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Doan
- Institute of Applied Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, HCMC, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Trung Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, HCMC, Vietnam
| | - Van-Dat Doan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tan Phat Dao
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vitalii Plavskii
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Bich Tram Nguyen
- Department of Natural Science, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Quyen Tran
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Institute of Applied Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, HCMC, Vietnam
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Li Y, Chen H, Liao J, Chen K, Javed MT, Qiao N, Zeng Q, Liu B, Yi J, Tang Z, Li Y. Long-term copper exposure promotes apoptosis and autophagy by inducing oxidative stress in pig testis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55140-55153. [PMID: 34128171 PMCID: PMC8203493 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal which is being used widely in the industry and agriculture. However, the overuse of Cu makes it a common environmental pollutant. In order to investigate the testicular toxicity of Cu, the pigs were divided into three groups and were given Cu at 10 (control), 125, and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The feeding period was 80 days. Serum hormone results showed that Cu exposure decreased the concentrations of follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and increased the concentration of thyroxine (T4). Meanwhile, Cu exposure upregulated the expression of Cu transporter mRNA (Slc31a1, ATP7A, and ATP7B) in the testis, leading to increase in testicular Cu and led to spermatogenesis disorder. The Cu exposure led to an increased expression of antioxidant-related mRNA (Gpx4, TRX, HO-1, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, CAT), along with increase in the MDA concentration in the testis. In LG group, the ROS in the testis was significantly increased. Furthermore, the apoptotic-related mRNA (Caspase3, Caspase8, Caspase9, Bax, Cytc, Bak1, APAF1, p53) and protein (Active Caspase3) and the autophagy-related mRNA (Beclin1, ATG5, LC3, and LC3B) expression increased after Cu exposure. The mitochondrial membrane potential in the testicular tissue decreased, while the number of apoptotic cells increased, as a result of oxidative stress. Overall, our study indicated that the Cu exposure promotes testicular apoptosis and autophagy by mediating oxidative stress, which is considered as the key mechanism causing testicular degeneration as well as dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Li
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hanming Chen
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Keli Chen
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwen Zeng
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bingxian Liu
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiangnan Yi
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Kumari M, Sharma N, Manchanda R, Gupta N, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Nimesh S. PGMD/curcumin nanoparticles for the treatment of breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3824. [PMID: 33589661 PMCID: PMC7884397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims at developing PGMD (poly-glycerol-malic acid-dodecanedioic acid)/curcumin nanoparticles based formulation for anticancer activity against breast cancer cells. The nanoparticles were prepared using both the variants of PGMD polymer (PGMD 7:3 and PGMD 6:4) with curcumin (i.e. CUR NP 7:3 and CUR NP 6:4). The size of CUR NP 7:3 and CUR NP 6:4 were found to be ~ 110 and 218 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.174 and 0.36, respectively. Further, the zeta potential of the particles was - 18.9 and - 17.5 mV for CUR NP 7:3 and CUR NP 6:4, respectively. The entrapment efficiency of both the nanoparticles was in the range of 75-81%. In vitro anticancer activity and the scratch assay were conducted on breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The IC50 of the nanoformulations was observed to be 40.2 and 33.6 μM at 48 h for CUR NP 7:3 and CUR NP 6:4, respectively, in MCF-7 cell line; for MDA-MB-231 it was 43.4 and 30.5 μM. Acridine orange/EtBr and DAPI staining assays showed apoptotic features and nuclear anomalies in the treated cells. This was further confirmed by western blot analysis that showed overexpression of caspase 9 indicating curcumin role in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mankamna Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, N.H. 8, Teh., Kishangarh, Dist., Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, N.H. 8, Teh., Kishangarh, Dist., Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Romila Manchanda
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, IIS (Deemed To Be University), Gurukul Marg, SFS, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302020, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Surendra Nimesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, N.H. 8, Teh., Kishangarh, Dist., Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Retracted
: Syringic acid suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC131 cell proliferation via modulation of mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis signaling pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22586. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wen J, Xiong K, Aili A, Wang H, Zhu Y, Yu Z, Yao X, Jiang P, Xue L, Wang J. PEX5, a novel target of microRNA-31-5p, increases radioresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and homologous recombination. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:5322-5340. [PMID: 32373215 PMCID: PMC7196300 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with high recurrence and metastasis rates. Although radiation is an effective treatment for tumors, it is often limited by intrinsic radioresistance in HCC. The contributions of dysregulated microRNAs, including miR-31-5p, to HCC progression have been recently reported. However, the role of miR-31-5p in the radiation response of HCC is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of miR-31-5p on HCC radiosensitivity. Methods: miR-31-5p expression in HCC tissues, paired adjacent tissues, and HCC cell lines was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Bioinformatic analyses, gain- and loss-of-function experiments, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to validate peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5) as a direct target of miR-31-5p. The biofunctions of PEX5 and miR-31-5p in HCC were determined by Transwell, wound-healing, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assays. A colony formation assay was used to evaluate the radiosensitivity of HCC cells. The interaction among PEX5, β-catenin, Rac1, and JNK-2 was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. A xenograft tumor model was established to validate the effects of miR-31-5p and PEX5 on HCC progression and radiosensitivity in vivo. Results: Low expression of miR-31-5p in HCC specimens, as observed in this study, predicted a poor clinical outcome. However, the expression pattern of PEX5, as a direct target of miR-31-5p, was opposite that of miR-31-5p, and high PEX5 expression indicated poor prognosis in HCC patients. Ectopic expression of PEX5 increased the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities and enhanced the radioresistance of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo; however, these phenotypes were inhibited by miR-31-5p. Mechanistically, PEX5 stabilized cytoplasmic β-catenin and facilitated β-catenin nuclear translocation to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, upon radiation exposure, PEX5 reduced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and activated the homologous recombination (HR) pathway, which protected HCC cells from radiation-induced damage. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated a novel role for PEX5 as a miR-31-5p target and a mediator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and HR pathways, providing new insights into studying HCC radiation responses and implicating PEX5 and miR-31-5p as potential therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Lorenzi T, Marciniak-Czochra A, Stiehl T. A structured population model of clonal selection in acute leukemias with multiple maturation stages. J Math Biol 2019; 79:1587-1621. [DOI: 10.1007/s00285-019-01404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chuah LO, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohammed Alitheen NB, Yeap SK, Abdul Mutalib NE, Abdul Rahim R, Yusoff K. Postbiotic metabolites produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strains exert selective cytotoxicity effects on cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:114. [PMID: 31159791 PMCID: PMC6547513 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Lactobacillus plantarum, a major species of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), are capable of producing postbiotic metabolites (PM) with prominent probiotic effects that have been documented extensively for rats, poultry and pigs. Despite the emerging evidence of anticancer properties of LAB, very limited information is available on cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity of PM produced by L. plantarum. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of PM produced by six strains of L. plantarum on various cancer and normal cells are yet to be evaluated. Methods Postbiotic metabolites (PM) produced by six strains of L. plantarum were determined for their antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on normal human primary cells, breast, colorectal, cervical, liver and leukemia cancer cell lines via MTT assay, trypan blue exclusion method and BrdU assay. The toxicity of PM was determined for human and various animal red blood cells via haemolytic assay. The cytotoxicity mode was subsequently determined for selected UL4 PM on MCF-7 cells due to its pronounced cytotoxic effect by fluorescent microscopic observation using AO/PI dye reagents and flow cytometric analyses. Results UL4 PM exhibited the lowest IC50 value on MCF-7, RG14 PM on HT29 and RG11 and RI11 PM on HL60 cell lines, respectively from MTT assay. Moreover, all tested PM did not cause haemolysis of human, dog, rabbit and chicken red blood cells and demonstrated no cytotoxicity on normal breast MCF-10A cells and primary cultured cells including human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, mice splenocytes and thymocytes. Antiproliferation of MCF-7 and HT-29 cells was potently induced by UL4 and RG 14 PM respectively after 72 h of incubation at the concentration of 30% (v/v). Fluorescent microscopic observation and flow cytometric analyses showed that the pronounced cytotoxic effect of UL4 PM on MCF-7 cells was mediated through apoptosis. Conclusion In conclusion, PM produced by the six strains of L. plantarum exhibited selective cytotoxic via antiproliferative effect and induction of apoptosis against malignant cancer cells in a strain-specific and cancer cell type-specific manner whilst sparing the normal cells. This reveals the vast potentials of PM from L. plantarum as functional supplement and as an adjunctive treatment for cancer.
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Singh A, Bhatia P, Trehan A, Bansal D, Singh A, Bhatia A. Low spontaneous apoptosis index at diagnosis predicts a high-risk phenotype in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Indian J Med Res 2018; 147:248-255. [PMID: 29923513 PMCID: PMC6022376 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_303_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Significance of apoptosis as a prognostic marker is less well studied in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cases. Hence, a prospective study, involving 30 paediatric ALL cases, was done to assess the clinical relevance of in vivo apoptosis. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all patients were subjected to annexin V/propidium iodide staining to detect the degree of apoptosis [apoptotic index (AI)] at day 0 and day 35 post-induction chemotherapy. In addition, Bax and Bcl2 apoptotic protein expressions were studied at day 0 and their relative fluorescence mean intensity (RFMI) ratios were calculated. Results: Mean age of patients was 5.1 years. Of the 30 cases, 21 (70%) were at standard-risk, five (17%) at intermediate and four (13%) at high risk. Majority (83%) were B-ALL. Day 8 absolute blast count was >1000/μl in seven (23%) and <1000/μl in 23 of 30 (77%) cases. Day 35 marrow was M1 in 23 (92%) and M2 in two of 25 (8%) cases. AI at day 0 and day 35 ranged from 0.9 to16.6 per cent and 1.4 to 62.8 per cent with a mean of 5.90 and 19.64 per cent, respectively. The Bax/Bcl2 ratio ranged from 0.2 to 3.5 with a mean of 0.83. The ratio was predominantly anti-apoptotic, i.e. <1 (77%). A significant association was noted between low AI at day 0 and high total leucocyte count (P=0.02), T-cell phenotype (P=0.043) and high-risk as per NCI category (P=0.025). Significant increase (>30%) in day 35 AI was seen in only six cases. Interpretation & conclusions: Our study showed that low AI at day 0 was associated with a high-risk clinical phenotype in paediatric ALL. However, studies on larger group, especially with longer follow up or study of relapse cases, will help draw conclusions regarding apoptosis assessment in paediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prateek Bhatia
- Department of Paediatrics, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amita Trehan
- Department of Paediatrics, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Bansal
- Department of Paediatrics, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajit Singh
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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Tyagi A, Pramanik R, Bakhshi R, Vishnubhatla S, Bakhshi S. Apoptosis: A biomarker of high-risk phenotype in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia? Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 41:141-147. [PMID: 30383325 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulation of apoptosis has been explored in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); yet, its correlation with clinical outcomes in pediatric AML is unknown. This study was aimed to analyze percentage of apoptosis and apoptosis mediated through the intrinsic pathway with clinical outcomes in patients with pediatric AML. METHODS This prospective study included pediatric AML patients enrolled from July 2013 to August 2016. Annexin-V (marker of total apoptosis) and caspase-9 expression (marker of intrinsic pathway) was determined in baseline bone marrow (BM) samples by flow cytometery and compared with controls (unaffected BM of solid tumors and peripheral blood [PB] of unaffected siblings). Overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were compared using log-rank test. RESULTS A total of 151 AML patients were enrolled, median age 10 (range: 0.7-18 years). Annexin-V expression in blast cells was significantly high in AML patients as compared to BM of subjects with solid tumors (P = 0.01) and PB of healthy subjects (P = 0.04). Caspase-9 expression in blast cells was not significantly different. Median annexin-V expression was significantly higher in patients with WBC count ≥11 000/mm3 (P = 0.02), poor-risk cytogenetics (P = 0.02), the absence of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 translocation (P = 0.004), and the absence of NPM1 mutation (P = 0.05). Patients with high annexin-V expression had significantly inferior OS (P = 0.05) in univariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis (P = 0.32). CONCLUSION Apoptosis as a whole was found to be activated in baseline BM samples of AML patients. High apoptosis may be associated with high-risk phenotype in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudishi Tyagi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Bakhshi
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Stiehl T, Ho AD, Marciniak-Czochra A. Mathematical modeling of the impact of cytokine response of acute myeloid leukemia cells on patient prognosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2809. [PMID: 29434256 PMCID: PMC5809606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease. One reason for the heterogeneity may originate from inter-individual differences in the responses of leukemic cells to endogenous cytokines. On the basis of mathematical modeling, computer simulations and patient data, we have provided evidence that cytokine-independent leukemic cell proliferation may be linked to early relapses and poor overall survival. Depending whether the model of cytokine-dependent or cytokine-independent leukemic cell proliferation fits to the clinical data, patients can be assigned to two groups that differ significantly with respect to overall survival. The modeling approach further enables us to identify parameter constellations that can explain unexpected responses of some patients to external cytokines such as blast crisis or remission without chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Center of Scientific Computing and BIOQUANT Center, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Center of Scientific Computing and BIOQUANT Center, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Lakshmi T, Ezhilarasan D, Nagaich U, Vijayaragavan R. Acacia catechu Ethanolic Seed Extract Triggers Apoptosis of SCC-25 Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S405-S411. [PMID: 29142391 PMCID: PMC5669074 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_458_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acacia catechu Willd (Fabaceae), commonly known as catechu, cachou, and black cutch, has been studied for its hepatoprotective, antipyretic, antidiarrheal, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, antimicrobial, free radical scavenging, and antioxidant activities. Objective: We evaluated the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of A. catechu seed (ACS) against SCC-25 human oral squamous carcinoma cell line. Methods: Cytotoxic effect of ACS extract was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, using concentrations of 0.1–1000 μg/mL for 24 h. A. catechu ethanol seed extract was treated SCC-25 cells with 25 and 50 μg/mL. At the end of treatment period, apoptotic marker gene expressions such as caspase 8, 9, Bcl-2, Bax, and cytochrome c were evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Morphological changes of ACS treated SCC-25 cells was evaluated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining. Nuclear morphology and DNA fragmentation was evaluated by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results: A. catechu ethanol seed extract treatment caused cytotoxicity in SCC-25 cells with an IC50 value of 100 μg/mL. Apoptotic markers caspases 8 and 9, cytochrome c, Bax gene expressions were significantly increased upon ACS extract treatment indicate the apoptosis induction in SCC-25 cells. This treatment also caused significant downregulation of Bcl-2 gene expression. Staining with AO/EB and PI shows membrane blebbing, and nuclear membrane distortion further confirms the apoptosis induction by ACS treatment in SCC-25 cells. Conclusion: The ethanol seed extracts of A. catechu was found to be cytotoxic at lower concentrations and induced apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma SCC-25 cells. SUMMARY Acacia catechu ethanolic seed extract contains phytochemicals such as epicatechin, rutin, and quercetin Acacia catechu seed (ACS) extract significantly (P < 0.001) inhibits the active proliferation of human oral squamous carcinoma (SCC-25) cells ACS extract treatment to SCC-25 cells significantly modulated the gene expressions pertaining to apoptosis and propidium iodide and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining also confirm the apoptosis induction Antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing activities of ACS extract is correlated with phytochemical contents.
Abbreviations used: ACS: Acacia catechu seed extract; MTT: 3 (4,5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; AO/EO: Acridine orange/ethidium bromide; LC MS: Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavelu Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Upendra Nagaich
- Centre for Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lakshmi T, Ezhilarasan D, Vijayaragavan R, Bhullar SK, Rajendran R. Acacia catechu ethanolic bark extract induces apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2017; 8:143-149. [PMID: 29184846 PMCID: PMC5680622 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_73_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is in approximately 30% of all cancers in India. This study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extract of Acacia catechu bark (ACB) against human squamous cell carcinoma cell line-25 (SCC-25). Cytotoxic effect of ACB extract was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide assay. A. catechu extract was treated SCC-25 cells with 25 and 50 μg/mL for 24 h. Apoptosis markers such as caspases-8 and 9, bcl-2, bax, and cytochrome c (Cyt-c) were done by RT-PCR. Morphological changes of ACB treated cells were evaluated using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining. Nuclear morphology and DNA fragmentation were evaluated using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Further, cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. A. catechu treatment caused cytotoxicity in SCC-25 cells with an IC50 of 52.09 μg/mL. Apoptotic marker gene expressions were significantly increased on ACB treatment. Staining with AO/EB and PI shows membrane blebbing and nuclear membrane distortion, respectively, and it confirms the apoptosis induction in SCC-25 cells. These results suggest that ACB extract can be used as a modulating agent in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavelu Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Ramasamy Rajendran
- Green Chem Herbal Extracts and Formulations, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Combinatorial Cytotoxic Effects of Damnacanthal and Doxorubicin against Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells in Vitro. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091228. [PMID: 27649120 PMCID: PMC6274052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progressive research being done on drug therapy to treat breast cancer, the number of patients succumbing to the disease is still a major issue. Combinatorial treatment using different drugs and herbs to treat cancer patients is of major interest in scientists nowadays. Doxorubicin is one of the most used drugs to treat breast cancer patients. The combination of doxorubicin to other drugs such as tamoxifen has been reported. Nevertheless, the combination of doxorubicin with a natural product-derived agent has not been studied yet. Morinda citrifolia has always been sought out for its remarkable remedies. Damnacanthal, an anthraquinone that can be extracted from the roots of Morinda citrifolia is a promising compound that possesses a variety of biological properties. This study aimed to study the therapeutic effects of damnacanthal in combination with doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. Collectively, the combination of both these molecules enhanced the efficacy of induced cell death in MCF-7 as evidenced by the MTT assay, cell cycle, annexin V and expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins. The effectiveness of doxorubicin as an anti-cancer drug was increased upon addition of damnacanthal. These results could provide a promising approach to treat breast cancer patients.
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16
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Haghshenas B, Nami Y, Abdullah N, Radiah D, Rosli R, Khosroushahi AY. Anticancer impacts of potentially probiotic acetic acid bacteria isolated from traditional dairy microbiota. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stiehl T, Baran N, Ho AD, Marciniak-Czochra A. Cell division patterns in acute myeloid leukemia stem-like cells determine clinical course: a model to predict patient survival. Cancer Res 2015; 75:940-9. [PMID: 25614516 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease in which a variety of distinct genetic alterations might occur. Recent attempts to identify the leukemia stem-like cells (LSC) have also indicated heterogeneity of these cells. On the basis of mathematical modeling and computer simulations, we have provided evidence that proliferation and self-renewal rates of the LSC population have greater impact on the course of disease than proliferation and self-renewal rates of leukemia blast populations, that is, leukemia progenitor cells. The modeling approach has enabled us to estimate the LSC properties of 31 individuals with relapsed AML and to link them to patient survival. On the basis of the estimated LSC properties, the patients can be divided into two prognostic groups that differ significantly with respect to overall survival after first relapse. The results suggest that high LSC self-renewal and proliferation rates are indicators of poor prognosis. Nevertheless, high LSC self-renewal rate may partially compensate for slow LSC proliferation and vice versa. Thus, model-based interpretation of clinical data allows estimation of prognostic factors that cannot be measured directly. This may have clinical implications for designing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Medicine V, Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Haghshenas B, Abdullah N, Nami Y, Radiah D, Rosli R, Khosroushahi AY. Different effects of two newly-isolated probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 15HN and Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis 44Lac strains from traditional dairy products on cancer cell lines. Anaerobe 2014; 30:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Haghshenas B, Nami Y, Abdullah N, Radiah D, Rosli R, Khosroushahi AY. Anti-proliferative effects of Enterococcus strains isolated from fermented dairy products on different cancer cell lines. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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20
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Stiehl T, Baran N, Ho AD, Marciniak-Czochra A. Clonal selection and therapy resistance in acute leukaemias: mathematical modelling explains different proliferation patterns at diagnosis and relapse. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20140079. [PMID: 24621818 PMCID: PMC3973374 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental evidence suggests that acute myeloid leukaemias may originate from multiple clones of malignant cells. Nevertheless, it is not known how the observed clones may differ with respect to cell properties, such as proliferation and self-renewal. There are scarcely any data on how these cell properties change due to chemotherapy and relapse. We propose a new mathematical model to investigate the impact of cell properties on the multi-clonal composition of leukaemias. Model results imply that enhanced self-renewal may be a key mechanism in the clonal selection process. Simulations suggest that fast proliferating and highly self-renewing cells dominate at primary diagnosis, while relapse following therapy-induced remission is triggered mostly by highly self-renewing but slowly proliferating cells. Comparison of simulation results to patient data demonstrates that the proposed model is consistent with clinically observed dynamics based on a clonal selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, BIOQUANT and IWR, Im Neuenheimer Feld 294, University of Heidelberg, , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Ansil PN, Wills PJ, Varun R, Latha MS. Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Bl. tuber extracts against human colon carcinoma cell line HCT-15. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:524-31. [PMID: 25473360 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide and is the third most common form of malignancy in both men and women. Several possible colon cancer chemopreventive agents are found in edible plants. Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume (family: Araceae) is a tuber crop, largely cultivated throughout the plains of India for using its corm as food. This tuber has also been traditionally used for the treatment of abdominal tumors, liver diseases, piles etc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose-dependent cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing effects of the sub fractions of A. campanulatus tuber methanolic extract (ACME) viz. petroleum ether fraction (PEF), chloroform fraction (CHF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and methanolic fraction (MEF) on the colon cancer cell line, HCT-15. Antiproliferative effects of the sub fractions of ACME were studied by MTT assay. Apoptotic activity was assessed by DAPI, Annexin V-FITC and JC-1 fluorescent staining. The chemotherapeutic drug, 5-flurouracil (5-FU) was used as positive drug control. The sub fractions of ACME significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT-15 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the extracts were found to induce apoptosis and were confirmed by DAPI, Annexin V-FITC and JC-1 fluorescent staining. A pronounced results of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities were observed in the cells treated with 5-FU and CHF, whereas, EAF and MEF treated cells exhibited a moderate result and the least effect was observed in PEF treated cells. Our results suggested that, among the sub fractions of ACME, CHF had potent cytotoxic and apoptotic activity and thus it could be explored as a novel target for anticancer drug development. Furthermore, these findings confirm that the sub fractions of ACME dose-dependently suppress the proliferation of HCT-15 cells by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Ansil
- Biochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D. Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - P J Wills
- MIMS Research Foundation, Mankavu P.O., Calicut, Kerala 673007, India
| | - R Varun
- MIMS Research Foundation, Mankavu P.O., Calicut, Kerala 673007, India
| | - M S Latha
- Biochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D. Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
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22
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Moritomo H, Yamada K, Kojima Y, Suzuki Y, Tani S, Kinoshita H, Sasaki A, Mikuni S, Kinjo M, Kawamata J. A Biphenyl Type Two-Photon Fluorescence Probe for Monitoring the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. Cell Struct Funct 2014; 39:125-33. [DOI: 10.1247/csf.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kengo Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University
| | - Yuki Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Yasutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Seiji Tani
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Hazuki Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Laboratory for Nano-Bio Probes, Quantitative Biology Center
| | - Shintaro Mikuni
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Masataka Kinjo
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Jun Kawamata
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University
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Darakhshan S, Ghanbari A. Tranilast enhances the anti-tumor effects of tamoxifen on human breast cancer cells in vitro. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:76. [PMID: 24143895 PMCID: PMC3819182 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tamoxifen is the most widely used anti-estrogen for the treatment of breast cancer. Studies show that the combination therapy with other substances that helps the activity of tamoxifen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tamoxifen when used in combination with tranilast on human breast cancer cells. Results Two MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines were treated with tamoxifen and/or tranilast. The cell viability and cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT and LDH assays; the apoptotic effects were examined by TUNEL assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and DNA laddering, also the expression levels of bax and bcl-2 genes were detected by real-time RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of TGF-β ligands and receptors examined using real-time RT-PCR and TGF-β1 protein secretion levels were also evaluated by ELISA assay. Inhibitory effect of these drugs on invasion and metastasis were tested by wound healing and matrigel invasion assay. We found that combination of these drugs led to a marked increase in growth and proliferation inhibition compared to either agent alone. Furthermore, bax and bcl-2 affected by tamoxifen and/or tranilast and resulted in a significant increase in bax and decrease in bcl-2 mRNA expression. In addition, treatment with tamoxifen and/or tranilast resulted in significant decreased in TGF-β1, 2, 3, TGF-βRI and II mRNA and TGF-β1 protein levels while TGF-βRIII mRNA level was increased and invasion was also inhibited. Conclusions These findings indicate that tranilast, by synergistic effect, enhances the activity of tamoxifen and the TGF-β pathway is a target for this combination therapy, therefore; we propose that this combined treatment may be suitable selection in prevention of breast cancer.
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Alabi OA, Bakare AA, Filippin-Monteiro FB, Sierra JA, Creczynski-Pasa TB. Electronic waste leachate-mediated DNA fragmentation and cell death by apoptosis in mouse fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell line. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 94:87-93. [PMID: 23726292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the apoptotic effect of electronic waste on fibroblast cell line. Cells were treated with different concentrations of the leachate for 24h. Cell viability was detected by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test, nuclear morphology of cells was explored by acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) double staining, mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using JC-1 probe while cell cycle analysis was conducted using flow cytometry. The oxidative status was detected using DCFH-DA (dichlorofluorescin diacetate) probe and the relationship between cell death and ROS (reactive oxygen species) was investigated using N-acetylcysteine. Results showed an increased cell death as detected by MTT assay and AO/EB staining. Cell cycle analysis indicated an induction of sub/G1 events while JC-1 probe showed significant disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. There was significant induction of ROS, while N-acetylcysteine protected the cells from DNA damage. These suggest apoptotic pathway as a possible mechanism of e-waste induced cyto-genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okunola A Alabi
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate produced by marine Bacillus pumilus MB 40. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 195:133-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Although classical mutations in genes such as PIK3CA and PTEN occur at a relatively low frequency in haematological malignancies, activation of PI3K signalling is often detected in these tumours. In some conditions, for example acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), this is due to activating mutations of upstream regulators such as the FLT3 tyrosine kinase or RAS. Primary tumour cells taken from patients with AML, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma show varying levels of sensitivity to PI3K and mTOR inhibitors. The challenge now is to conduct high quality trials with novel agents that target these pathways to establish the level of clinical response and to identify those subsets of patients that are more likely to respond.
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27
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NISHIJIMA H, KOSAIHIRA A, SHIBATA J, ONA T. Development of Signaling Echo Method for Cell-based Quantitative Efficacy Evaluation of Anti-cancer Drugs in Apoptosis without Drug Presence Using High-precision Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing. ANAL SCI 2010; 26:529-34. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.26.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi NISHIJIMA
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Atsushi KOSAIHIRA
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Junko SHIBATA
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Toshihiro ONA
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
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Ganser A, Roth G, van Galen JC, Hilderink J, Wammes JJG, Müller I, van Leeuwen FN, Wiesmüller KH, Brock R. Diffusion-driven device for a high-resolution dose-response profiling of combination chemotherapy. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5233-40. [PMID: 19476343 DOI: 10.1021/ac900415s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapies have proven vital in the fight against HIV and cancer. However, the identification and optimization of such combination therapies is largely experience driven and an activity of clinicians rather than of systematic screening efforts. Here we present a diffusion device, compatible with the format of a 12-well microtiter plate, to create and test all possible mixtures of two substances with only two pipetting steps. Applications to the testing of different drug combinations and the parallel screening of different leukemia cell lines as well as primary patient cells are presented. The diffusion device yields qualitatively and quantitatively comparable results to an MTT viability assay conducted in a standard 96-well format albeit with a tremendous reduction of processing steps. In addition, a fluorescence-based annexin V binding assay of cell death was implemented. Next to the reduction of processing steps, the diffusion device constitutes a considerable assay miniaturization that overcomes the problems typically associated with miniaturization as a consequence of small sample volumes. Given its ease of handling, the device will greatly advance the development and optimization of combination drugs and the identification of optimum drug combinations in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ganser
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kosaihira A, Ona T. Rapid and quantitative method for evaluating the personal therapeutic potential of cancer drugs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:1889-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Guzy C, Paclik D, Schirbel A, Sonnenborn U, Wiedenmann B, Sturm A. The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 induces gammadelta T cell apoptosis via caspase- and FasL-dependent pathways. Int Immunol 2008; 20:829-40. [PMID: 18448456 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gammadelta T cells play a vital role in the innate and adaptive immune response to microbial antigens by acting as antigen-presenting cells while at the same time being capable of directly activating CD4(+) T cells. Pathogenic microbes or loss of tolerance toward the host's own microflora trigger many diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases. We previously demonstrated that Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 directly interacts with the adaptive immune system by regulating central T cell functions. Here we aimed to investigate whether E. coli Nissle regulates gammadelta T cell function, thereby linking the innate and adaptive immune system. In our study, we demonstrate that, in contrast to the other probiotic strains tested, E. coli Nissle increased activation, cell cycling and expansion of gammadelta, but not alphabeta T cells. In gammadelta T cells, E. coli Nissle reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion but increased IL-6 and CXCL8 release. However, after activation, only E. coli Nissle induced gammadelta T cell apoptosis, mediated via Toll-like receptor-2 by caspase- and FasLigand-dependent pathways. gammadelta T cells play an important role in the recognition of microbial antigens and the perpetuation of inflammatory processes. The demonstration that E. coli Nissle, but not the other bacteria tested, profoundly regulate gammadelta T cell function contributes to explaining the biological function of this probiotic strain in inflammatory diseases and provides us with a better understanding of the role of gammadelta T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guzy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Ryningen A, Ersvaer E, Øyan AM, Kalland KH, Vintermyr OK, Gjertsen BT, Bruserud Ø. Stress-induced in vitro apoptosis of native human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells shows a wide variation between patients and is associated with low BCL-2:Bax ratio and low levels of heat shock protein 70 and 90. Leuk Res 2006; 30:1531-40. [PMID: 16600371 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Revised: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous in vitro apoptosis reflects a true biological heterogeneity between patients which has to be considered when in vitro models are used to study regulation of apoptosis in native human AML cells. Even though the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling seems to have a prognostic impact in AML, the possible clinical relevance of spontaneous apoptosis remains to be clarified. High apoptosis/low viability was associated with low levels of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 as well as low Bcl-2:Bax ratio for patients heterogeneous with regard to morphology, membrane molecule expression, genetic abnormalities and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ryningen
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Hyaluronan- and RNA-binding deubiquitinating enzymes of USP17 family members associated with cell viability. BMC Genomics 2006; 7:292. [PMID: 17109758 PMCID: PMC1665497 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-7-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein degradation by the ubiquitin system plays a crucial role in numerous cellular signaling pathways. Deubiquitination, a reversal of ubiquitination, has been recognized as an important regulatory step in the ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway. RESULTS While identifying putative ubiquitin specific protease (USP) enzymes that contain a conserved Asp (I) domain in humans, 4 USP17 subfamily members, highly homologous to DUB-3, have been found (USP17K, USP17L, USP17M, and USP17N), from human chorionic villi. Expression analysis showed that USP17 transcripts are highly expressed in the heart, liver, and pancreas and are expressed moderately in various human cancerous cell lines. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that they contain the highly conserved Cys, His, and Asp domains which are responsible for the deubiquitinating activity. Biochemical enzyme assays indicated that they have deubiquitinating activity. Interestingly, the sequence analysis showed that these proteins, with exception of USP17N, contain the putative hyaluronan/RNA binding motifs, and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-precipitation analysis confirmed the association between these proteins and intracellular hyaluronan and RNA. CONCLUSION Here, we report that the overexpression of these proteins, with exception of USP17N, leads to apoptosis, suggesting that the hyaluronan and RNA binding motifs in these enzymes play an important role in regulating signal transduction involved in cell death.
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Chaoui D, Faussat AM, Majdak P, Tang R, Perrot JY, Pasco S, Klein C, Marie JP, Legrand O. JC-1, a sensitive probe for a simultaneous detection of P-glycoprotein activity and apoptosis in leukemic cells. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2006; 70:189-96. [PMID: 16568474 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND JC-1 probe has been successfully used for the analysis of either apoptosis or P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity. Therefore, we wanted to see if JC-1 could also simultaneously assess both, P-gp activity and apoptosis, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. METHODS P-gp activity was measured using JC-1 and compared to the results of the Rhodamine 123 (Rh 123) assay in P-gp negative and P-gp positive cell lines, and 12 AML samples. For apoptosis, spontaneous apoptosis, as well as, apoptosis induced by Cytosine Arabinosine and Homoharringtonine were analyzed. Both mitochondrial red fluorescence and cytoplasmic green fluorescence of JC-1 with and without a P-gp inhibitor (Cyclosporine A : CsA) were used for the identification of apoptotic cells, and this was compared to Annexin V/PI staining. RESULTS (1) We found a good correlation between JC-1 and Rh 123 in viable cells. Even in a small population of viable cells, P-gp positive cells emitting low red fluorescence, gained on red fluorescence after P-gp inhibition with CsA permitting an evaluation of P-gp activity. (2) We found a good correlation between the Annexin V/PI staining and JC-1 (P < 0.0001) in the assessment of apoptotic cells. Most importantly, the apoptotic cells could be distinguished by the loss of red fluorescence and the increase of green fluorescence without any change after P-gp inhibition with CsA. CONCLUSIONS JC-1 can simultaneously evaluate two important parameters involved in drug resistance in AML cells, P-gp activity and apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/analysis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/chemistry
- Acute Disease
- Annexin A5/chemistry
- Apoptosis
- Benzimidazoles/chemistry
- Carbocyanines/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Cytoplasm/chemistry
- Cytoplasm/drug effects
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Mitochondria/chemistry
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Propidium/chemistry
- Rhodamine 123/chemistry
- Staining and Labeling/methods
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Driss Chaoui
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S 736, Les Cordeliers, France
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Kozian D, Proulle V, Nitsche A, Galitzine M, Martinez MC, Schumann B, Meyer D, Herrmann M, Freyssinet JM, Kerbiriou-Nabias D. Identification of genes involved in Ca2+ ionophore A23187-mediated apoptosis and demonstration of a high susceptibility for transcriptional repression of cell cycle genes in B lymphoblasts from a patient with Scott syndrome. BMC Genomics 2005; 6:146. [PMID: 16242039 PMCID: PMC1312317 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-6-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In contrast to other agents able to induce apoptosis of cultured cells, Ca2+ ionophore A23187 was shown to elicit direct activation of intracellular signal(s). The phenotype of the cells derived from patients having the hemorrhagic disease Scott syndrome, is associated with an abnormally high proportion of apoptotic cells, both in basal culture medium and upon addition of low ionophore concentrations in long-term cultures. These features are presumably related to the mutation also responsible for the defective procoagulant plasma membrane remodeling. We analyzed the specific transcriptional re-programming induced by A23187 to get insights into the effect of this agent on gene expression and a defective gene regulation in Scott cells. Results The changes in gene expression upon 48 hours treatment with 200 nM A23187 were measured in Scott B lymphoblasts compared to B lymphoblasts derived from the patient's daughter or unrelated individuals using Affymetrix microarrays. In a similar manner in all of the B cell lines, results showed up-regulation of 55 genes, out of 12,000 represented sequences, involved in various pathways of the cell metabolism. In contrast, a group of 54 down-regulated genes, coding for histones and proteins involved in the cell cycle progression, was more significantly repressed in Scott B lymphoblasts than in the other cell lines. These data correlated with the alterations of the cell cycle phases in treated cells and suggested that the potent effect of A23187 in Scott B lymphoblasts may be the consequence of the underlying molecular defect. Conclusion The data illustrate that the ionophore A23187 exerts its pro-apoptotic effect by promoting a complex pattern of genetic changes. These results also suggest that a subset of genes participating in various steps of the cell cycle progress can be transcriptionally regulated in a coordinated fashion. Furthermore, this research brings a new insight into the defect in cultured Scott B lymphoblasts, leading to hypothesize that a mutated gene plays a role not only in membrane remodeling but also in signal transduction pathway(s) leading to altered transcriptional regulation of cell cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Kozian
- Aventis Pharma Germany (Sanofi-Aventis group), Therapeutic Department Thrombosis and Angiogenesis, Industriepark Hoechst, Building H831, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Valérie Proulle
- INSERM Unité 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Almut Nitsche
- Aventis Pharma Germany (Sanofi-Aventis group), Therapeutic Department Thrombosis and Angiogenesis, Industriepark Hoechst, Building H831, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marie Galitzine
- INSERM Unité 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Carmen Martinez
- INSERM Unité 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut d'Hématologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Beatrice Schumann
- Aventis Pharma Germany (Sanofi-Aventis group), Therapeutic Department Thrombosis and Angiogenesis, Industriepark Hoechst, Building H831, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominique Meyer
- INSERM Unité 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Matthias Herrmann
- Aventis Pharma Germany (Sanofi-Aventis group), Therapeutic Department Thrombosis and Angiogenesis, Industriepark Hoechst, Building H831, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Freyssinet
- INSERM Unité 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut d'Hématologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Danièle Kerbiriou-Nabias
- INSERM Unité 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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