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Le Floch AC, Orlanducci F, Béné MC, Ben Amara A, Rouviere MS, Salem N, Le Roy A, Cordier C, Demerlé C, Granjeaud S, Hamel JF, Ifrah N, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, Delaunay J, Récher C, Delabesse E, Pigneux A, Vey N, Chretien AS, Olive D. Low frequency of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells predicts poor survival in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2024; 8:4262-4275. [PMID: 38788176 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In several tumor subtypes, an increased infiltration of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells has been shown to have the highest prognostic value compared with other immune subsets. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), similar findings have been based solely on the inference of transcriptomic data and have not been assessed with respect to confounding factors. This study aimed at determining, by immunophenotypic analysis (flow or mass cytometry) of peripheral blood from patients with AML at diagnosis, the prognostic impact of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell frequency. This was adjusted for potential confounders (age at diagnosis, disease status, European LeukemiaNet classification, leukocytosis, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a time-dependent covariate). The cohort was composed of 198 patients with newly diagnosed (ND) AML. By univariate analysis, patients with lower Vγ9Vδ2 T cells at diagnosis had significantly lower 5-year overall and relapse-free survivals. These results were confirmed in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-2.30]; P = .030 and HR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.06-2.53]; P = .025). Immunophenotypic alterations observed in patients with lower Vγ9Vδ2 T cells included a loss of some cytotoxic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell subsets and a decreased expression of butyrophilin 3A on the surface of blasts. Samples expanded regardless of their Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell levels and displayed similar effector functions in vitro. This study confirms the prognostic value of elevated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells among lymphocytes in patients with ND AML. These results provide a strong rationale to consider consolidation protocols aiming at enhancing Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell responses.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Female
- Male
- Adult
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Aged
- Prognosis
- Immunophenotyping
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Young Adult
- Aged, 80 and over
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Charlotte Le Floch
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Orlanducci
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Amira Ben Amara
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Sarah Rouviere
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Nassim Salem
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Aude Le Roy
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Cordier
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Demerlé
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Granjeaud
- Systems Biology Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Hamel
- Département de Biostatistiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Norbert Ifrah
- Département d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Université d'Angers, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Intégrée Nantes Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Jacques Delaunay
- Département d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Département d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopôle, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopôle, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Pigneux
- Département d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Norbert Vey
- Département d'hématologie, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Chretien
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
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2
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Serroukh Y, Hébert J, Busque L, Mercier F, Rudd CE, Assouline S, Lachance S, Delisle JS. Blasts in context: the impact of the immune environment on acute myeloid leukemia prognosis and treatment. Blood Rev 2023; 57:100991. [PMID: 35941029 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer that originates from the bone marrow (BM). Under physiological conditions, the bone marrow supports the homeostasis of immune cells and hosts memory lymphoid cells. In this review, we summarize our present understanding of the role of the immune microenvironment on healthy bone marrow and on the development of AML, with a focus on T cells and other lymphoid cells. The types and function of different immune cells involved in the AML microenvironment as well as their putative role in the onset of disease and response to treatment are presented. We also describe how the immune context predicts the response to immunotherapy in AML and how these therapies modulate the immune status of the bone marrow. Finally, we focus on allogeneic stem cell transplantation and summarize the current understanding of the immune environment in the post-transplant bone marrow, the factors associated with immune escape and relevant strategies to prevent and treat relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Serroukh
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L'Assomption, Montréal, Canada; Erasmus Medical center Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Hematology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Institute for Hematology-Oncology, Transplantation, Cell and Gene Therapy, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Josée Hébert
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L'Assomption, Montréal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Institute for Hematology-Oncology, Transplantation, Cell and Gene Therapy, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Canada; The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Canada
| | - Lambert Busque
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L'Assomption, Montréal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Institute for Hematology-Oncology, Transplantation, Cell and Gene Therapy, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Canada
| | - François Mercier
- Division of Hematology and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L'Assomption, Montréal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Institute for Hematology-Oncology, Transplantation, Cell and Gene Therapy, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sarit Assouline
- Division of Hematology and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Canada
| | - Silvy Lachance
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Institute for Hematology-Oncology, Transplantation, Cell and Gene Therapy, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L'Assomption, Montréal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Institute for Hematology-Oncology, Transplantation, Cell and Gene Therapy, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Canada
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3
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Barros MDS, de Araújo ND, Magalhães-Gama F, Pereira Ribeiro TL, Alves Hanna FS, Tarragô AM, Malheiro A, Costa AG. γδ T Cells for Leukemia Immunotherapy: New and Expanding Trends. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729085. [PMID: 34630403 PMCID: PMC8493128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, many discoveries have elucidated the cellular and molecular diversity in the leukemic microenvironment and improved our knowledge regarding their complex nature. This has allowed the development of new therapeutic strategies against leukemia. Advances in biotechnology and the current understanding of T cell-engineering have led to new approaches in this fight, thus improving cell-mediated immune response against cancer. However, most of the investigations focus only on conventional cytotoxic cells, while ignoring the potential of unconventional T cells that until now have been little studied. γδ T cells are a unique lymphocyte subpopulation that has an extensive repertoire of tumor sensing and may have new immunotherapeutic applications in a wide range of tumors. The ability to respond regardless of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, the secretion of antitumor mediators and high functional plasticity are hallmarks of γδ T cells, and are ones that make them a promising alternative in the field of cell therapy. Despite this situation, in particular cases, the leukemic microenvironment can adopt strategies to circumvent the antitumor response of these lymphocytes, causing their exhaustion or polarization to a tumor-promoting phenotype. Intervening in this crosstalk can improve their capabilities and clinical applications and can make them key components in new therapeutic antileukemic approaches. In this review, we highlight several characteristics of γδ T cells and their interactions in leukemia. Furthermore, we explore strategies for maximizing their antitumor functions, aiming to illustrate the findings destined for a better mobilization of γδ T cells against the tumor. Finally, we outline our perspectives on their therapeutic applicability and indicate outstanding issues for future basic and clinical leukemia research, in the hope of contributing to the advancement of studies on γδ T cells in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus de Souza Barros
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nilberto Dias de Araújo
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fábio Magalhães-Gama
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaís Lohana Pereira Ribeiro
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Silva Alves Hanna
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monteiro Tarragô
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, UEA, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil
- Escola de Enfermagem de Manaus, UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
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4
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Tosolini M, Pont F, Poupot M, Vergez F, Nicolau-Travers ML, Vermijlen D, Sarry JE, Dieli F, Fournié JJ. Assessment of tumor-infiltrating TCRV γ9V δ2 γδ lymphocyte abundance by deconvolution of human cancers microarrays. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1284723. [PMID: 28405516 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1284723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human blood γδ cells are cytolytic TCRVγ9Vδ2+ lymphocytes with antitumor activity. They are currently investigated in several clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy but so far, their tumor infiltration has not been systematically explored across human cancers. Novel algorithms allowing the deconvolution of bulk tumor transcriptomes to find the relative proportions of infiltrating leucocytes, such as CIBERSORT, should be appropriate for this aim but in practice they fail to accurately recognize γδ T lymphocytes. Here, by implementing machine learning from microarray data, we first improved the computational identification of blood-derived TCRVγ9Vδ2+ γδ lymphocytes and then applied this strategy to assess their abundance as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (γδ TIL) in ∼10,000 cancer biopsies from 50 types of hematological and solid malignancies. We observed considerable inter-individual variation of TCRVγ9Vδ2+γδ TIL abundance both within each type and across the spectrum of cancers tested. We report their prominence in B cell-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3-AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as well as in inflammatory breast, prostate, esophagus, pancreas and lung carcinoma. Across all cancers, the abundance of αβ TILs and TCRVγ9Vδ2+ γδ TILs did not correlate. αβ TIL abundance paralleled the mutational load of tumors and positively correlated with inflammation, infiltration of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC), antigen processing and presentation, and cytolytic activity, in line with an association with a favorable outcome. In contrast, the abundance of TCRVγ9Vδ2+ γδ TILs did not correlate with these hallmarks and was variably associated with outcome, suggesting that distinct contexts underlie TCRVγ9Vδ2+ γδ TIL and αβ TIL mobilizations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tosolini
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; INSERM U1037-Université Paul Sabatier-CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France; Pôle Technologique du Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse (IUCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Pont
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; INSERM U1037-Université Paul Sabatier-CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Pôle Technologique du Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; INSERM U1037-Université Paul Sabatier-CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France
| | - François Vergez
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; INSERM U1037-Université Paul Sabatier-CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse (IUCT), Toulouse, France
| | | | - David Vermijlen
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnostics and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; INSERM U1037-Université Paul Sabatier-CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biopharmacy - Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles , Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; INSERM U1037-Université Paul Sabatier-CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France
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5
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Van Acker HH, Anguille S, Willemen Y, Van den Bergh JM, Berneman ZN, Lion E, Smits EL, Van Tendeloo VF. Interleukin-15 enhances the proliferation, stimulatory phenotype, and antitumor effector functions of human gamma delta T cells. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:101. [PMID: 27686372 PMCID: PMC5041439 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive immunotherapy is gaining momentum to fight malignancies, whereby γδ T cells have received recent attention as an alternative cell source as to natural killer cells and αβ T cells. The advent of γδ T cells is largely due to their ability to recognize and target tumor cells using both innate characteristic and T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated mechanisms, their capacity to enhance the generation of antigen-specific T cell responses, and their potential to be used in an autologous or allogeneic setting. Methods In this study, we explored the beneficial effect of the immunostimulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-15 on purified γδ T cells and its use as a stimulatory signal in the ex vivo expansion of γδ T cells for adoptive transfer. The expansion protocol was validated both with immune cells of healthy individuals and acute myeloid leukemia patients. Results We report that the addition of IL-15 to γδ T cell cultures results in a more activated phenotype, a higher proliferative capacity, a more pronounced T helper 1 polarization, and an increased cytotoxic capacity of γδ T cells. Moreover γδ T cell expansion starting with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals and acute myeloid leukemia patients is boosted in the presence of IL-15, whereby the antitumor properties of the γδ T cells are strengthened as well. Conclusions Our results support the rationale to explore the use of IL-15 in clinical adoptive therapy protocols exploiting γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen H Van Acker
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Sébastien Anguille
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Yannick Willemen
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan M Van den Bergh
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zwi N Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Eva Lion
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Evelien L Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Viggo F Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
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6
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Van Acker HH, Anguille S, Van Tendeloo VF, Lion E. Empowering gamma delta T cells with antitumor immunity by dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1021538. [PMID: 26405575 PMCID: PMC4570126 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1021538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are the all-rounders of our immune-system with their major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted cytotoxicity, capacity to secrete immunosti-mulatory cytokines and ability to promote the generation of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses. Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine therapy has the prospective to harness these unique features of the γδ T cells in the fight against cancer. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge on DC-mediated γδ T cell activation and related opportunities for tumor immunologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen H Van Acker
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR); Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Antwerp ; Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Anguille
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR); Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Antwerp ; Antwerp, Belgium ; Center for Cell Therapy & Regenerative Medicine; Antwerp University Hospital ; Edegem, Belgium
| | - Viggo F Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR); Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Antwerp ; Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eva Lion
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR); Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Antwerp ; Antwerp, Belgium ; Center for Cell Therapy & Regenerative Medicine; Antwerp University Hospital ; Edegem, Belgium
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7
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Abstract
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes are clonal hematopoietic disorders for which hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative therapy. The timing of transplantation, methods of disease risk stratification, patient selection, pretransplantation therapies, and preparative regimens have evolved over the years, resulting in increasing disease-free survival. In recent years, alternative donor sources have been demonstrated to be a viable alternative to traditional sibling and matched unrelated donor stem cell sources. Efforts at transplantation regimen development continue with the aim of maximizing the chances of cure with minimal toxicity and improved quality of life. Integrating new knowledge regarding disease biology will be critical to continue to improve the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Exciting areas of ongoing research that may lead to reductions in posttransplantation relapse rate include posttransplantation therapies such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, vaccine strategies, and donor lymphocyte infusions to enhance the GVL effect.
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8
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Ma C, Zhang Q, Ye J, Wang F, Zhang Y, Wevers E, Schwartz T, Hunborg P, Varvares MA, Hoft DF, Hsueh EC, Peng G. Tumor-infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes predict clinical outcome in human breast cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5029-36. [PMID: 23034170 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and dissecting the role of different subsets of regulatory tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the immunopathogenesis of individual cancer is a challenge for anti-tumor immunotherapy. High levels of γδ regulatory T cells have been discovered in breast TILs. However, the clinical relevance of these intratumoral γδ T cells is unknown. In this study, γδ T cell populations were analyzed by performing immunohistochemical staining in primary breast cancer tissues from patients with different stages of cancer progression. Retrospective multivariate analyses of the correlations between γδ T cell levels and other prognostic factors and clinical outcomes were completed. We found that γδ T cell infiltration and accumulation in breast tumor sites was a general feature in breast cancer patients. Intratumoral γδ T cell numbers were positively correlated with advanced tumor stages, HER2 expression status, and high lymph node metastasis but inversely correlated with relapse-free survival and overall survival of breast cancer patients. Multivariate and univariate analyses of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells and other prognostic factors further suggested that intratumoral γδ T cells represented the most significant independent prognostic factor for assessing severity of breast cancer compared with the other known factors. Intratumoral γδ T cells were positively correlated with FOXP3(+) cells and CD4(+) T cells but negatively correlated with CD8(+) T cells in breast cancer tissues. These findings suggest that intratumoral γδ T cells may serve as a valuable and independent prognostic biomarker, as well as a potential therapeutic target for human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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9
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Siegers GM, Dhamko H, Wang XH, Mathieson AM, Kosaka Y, Felizardo TC, Medin JA, Tohda S, Schueler J, Fisch P, Keating A. Human Vδ1 γδ T cells expanded from peripheral blood exhibit specific cytotoxicity against B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia-derived cells. Cytotherapy 2011; 13:753-64. [PMID: 21314241 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.553595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS There is increasing interest in using γδ T cells (GDTC) for cancer immunotherapy. Most studies have been concerned with the Vδ2 subset in blood, for which several expansion protocols exist. We have developed a protocol to expand Vδ1 and Vδ2 preferentially from human blood. We have characterized these subsets and their specificities for leukemic targets. METHODS GDTC were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors via positive magnetic cell sorting; their proliferation in vitro was induced by exposure to the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). CD107 and cytotoxicity (Cr(51)-release and flow cytometric) assays were performed. GDTC clones and target cells were immunophenotyped via flow cytometry. RESULTS Longer initial exposure to Con A typically resulted in higher Vδ1 prevalence. Vδ1 were activated by and cytotoxic to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL)-derived MEC1 cells, whereas Vδ2 also responded to MEC1 but more so to the Philadelphia chromosome-positive [Ph+] leukemia cell line EM-enhanced green fluorescent protein (2eGFPluc). Vδ2 clone cytotoxicity against EM-2eGFPluc correlated with Vδ2 T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and receptor found on Natural Killer cells and many T-cells (NKG2D), whereas Vδ1 clone cytotoxicity versus MEC1 correlated with Vδ1 TCR, CD56 and CD95 expression. Vδ1 also killed Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-negative B-CLL-derived TMD2 cells. Immunophenotyping revealed reduced HLA-ABC expression on EM-2eGFPluc, whereas MEC1 and TMD2 exhibited higher Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAILR1). CONCLUSIONS Our ability to expand peripheral Vδ1 cells and show their cytotoxicity to B-CLL-derived cell lines suggests that this novel approach to the cellular treatment of B-CLL may be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Siegers
- Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Siegers GM, Felizardo TC, Mathieson AM, Kosaka Y, Wang XH, Medin JA, Keating A. Anti-leukemia activity of in vitro-expanded human gamma delta T cells in a xenogeneic Ph+ leukemia model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16700. [PMID: 21304898 PMCID: PMC3033392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta T cells (GDTc) lyse a variety of hematological and solid tumour cells in vitro and in vivo, and are thus promising candidates for cellular immunotherapy. We have developed a protocol to expand human GDTc in vitro, yielding highly cytotoxic Vgamma9/Vdelta2 CD27/CD45RA double negative effector memory cells. These cells express CD16, CD45RO, CD56, CD95 and NKG2D. Flow cytometric, clonogenic, and chromium release assays confirmed their specific cytotoxicity against Ph(+) cell lines in vitro. We have generated a fluorescent and bioluminescent Ph(+) cell line, EM-2eGFPluc, and established a novel xenogeneic leukemia model. Intravenous injection of EM-2eGFPluc into NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice resulted in significant dose-dependent bone marrow engraftment; lower levels engrafted in blood, lung, liver and spleen. In vitro-expanded human GDTc injected intraperitoneally were found at higher levels in blood and organs compared to those injected intravenously; GDTc survived at least 33 days post-injection. In therapy experiments, we documented decreased bone marrow leukemia burden in mice treated with GDTc. Live GDTc were found in spleen and bone marrow at endpoint, suggesting the potential usefulness of this therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia/immunology
- Leukemia/pathology
- Leukemia/therapy
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Transgenic
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Siegers
- Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Rey J, Veuillen C, Vey N, Bouabdallah R, Olive D. Natural killer and gammadelta T cells in haematological malignancies: enhancing the immune effectors. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15:275-84. [PMID: 19487160 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) and gamma delta (gammadelta) T cells are potent effectors involved in the destruction of abnormal cells. Accumulating clinical and experimental data point towards a key role for NK cells and gammadelta T cells in the control of most, if not all, haematological malignancies. This review focuses on the alterations in these effector cells found in patients with haematological malignancies, which might explain an escape from innate immune surveillance. We discuss new anti-cancer drugs that target these effector cells indirectly or directly. Finally, we review future strategies that offer the possibility of enhancing the effector functions of NK and gammadelta T cells against haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Rey
- INSERM UMR 891, Université de la Méditerranée, Institut de Cancérologie et d'Immunologie de Marseille IFR137, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France
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