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Jaeger A, Gambheer SMM, Sun X, Chernyakov D, Skorobohatko O, Mack T, Kissel S, Pfeifer D, Zeiser R, Fisch P, Andrieux G, Bräuer-Hartmann D, Bauer M, Schulze S, Follo M, Boerries M, von Bubnoff N, Miething C, Hidalgo JV, Klein C, Weber T, Wickenhauser C, Binder M, Dierks C. Activated granulocytes and inflammatory cytokine signaling drive T-cell lymphoma progression and disease symptoms. Blood 2023; 141:2824-2840. [PMID: 36696631 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs), especially angioimmunoblastic and follicular TCLs, have a dismal prognosis because of the lack of efficient therapies, and patients' symptoms are often dominated by an inflammatory phenotype, including fever, night sweats, weight loss, and skin rash. In this study, we investigated the role of inflammatory granulocytes and activated cytokine signaling on T-cell follicular helper-type PTCL (TFH-PTCL) disease progression and symptoms. We showed that ITK-SYK-driven murine PTCLs and primary human TFH-PTCL xenografts both induced inflammation in mice, including murine neutrophil expansion and massive cytokine release. Granulocyte/lymphoma interactions were mediated by positive autoregulatory cytokine loops involving interferon gamma (CD4+ malignant T cells) and interleukin 6 (IL-6; activated granulocytes), ultimately inducing broad JAK activation (JAK1/2/3 and TYK2) in both cell types. Inflammatory granulocyte depletion via antibodies (Ly6G), genetic granulocyte depletion (LyzM-Cre/MCL1flox/flox), or IL-6 deletion within microenvironmental cells blocked inflammatory symptoms, reduced lymphoma infiltration, and enhanced mouse survival. Furthermore, unselective JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib) inhibited both TCL progression and granulocyte activation in various PTCL mouse models. Our results support the important role of granulocyte-driven inflammation, cytokine-induced granulocyte/CD4+ TCL interactions, and an intact JAK/STAT signaling pathway for TFH-PTCL development and also support broad JAK inhibition as an effective treatment strategy in early disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Jaeger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sudheer Madan Mohan Gambheer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Chernyakov
- Hematology/Oncology and Stemcell transplantation, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Skorobohatko
- Hematology/Oncology and Stemcell transplantation, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Mack
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Kissel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul Fisch
- Department of Pathology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Bräuer-Hartmann
- Hematology/Oncology and Stemcell transplantation, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcus Bauer
- Institute of pathology, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Susann Schulze
- Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Miething
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jose Villacorta Hidalgo
- Department of Pathology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudius Klein
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Weber
- Hematology/Oncology and Stemcell transplantation, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Mascha Binder
- Hematology/Oncology and Stemcell transplantation, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Christine Dierks
- Hematology/Oncology and Stemcell transplantation, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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2
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Kury P, Führer M, Fuchs S, Lorenz MR, Giorgetti OB, Bakhtiar S, Frei AP, Fisch P, Boehm T, Schwarz K, Speckmann C, Ehl S. Long-term robustness of a T-cell system emerging from somatic rescue of a genetic block in T-cell development. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102961. [PMID: 32841837 PMCID: PMC7452388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGOUND The potential of a single progenitor cell to establish and maintain long-term protective T-cell immunity in humans is unknown. For genetic disorders disabling T-cell immunity, somatic reversion was shown to support limited T-cell development attenuating the clinical phenotype. However, the cases reported so far deteriorated over time leaving unanswered the important question of long-term activity of revertant precursors and the robustness of the resulting T-cell system. METHODS We applied TCRβ-CDR3 sequencing and mass cytometry on serial samples of a now 18 year-old SCIDX1 patient with somatic reversion to analyse the longitudinal diversification and stability of a T-cell system emerging from somatic gene rescue. FINDINGS We detected close to 105 individual CDR3β sequences in the patient. Blood samples of equal size contained about 10-fold fewer unique CDR3β sequences compared to healthy donors, indicating a surprisingly broad repertoire. Despite dramatic expansions and contractions of individual clonotypes representing up to 30% of the repertoire, stable diversity indices revealed that these transient clonal distortions did not cause long-term repertoire imbalance. Phenotypically, the T-cell system did not show evidence for progressive exhaustion. Combined with immunoglobulin substitution, the limited T-cell system in this patient supported an unremarkable clinical course over 18 years. INTERPRETATION Genetic correction in the appropriate cell type, in our patient most likely in a T-cell biased self-renewing hematopoietic progenitor, can yield a diverse T-cell system that provides long-term repertoire stability, does not show evidence for progressive exhaustion and is capable of providing protective and regulated T-cell immunity for at least two decades. FUNDING DFG EH 145/9-1, DFG SCHW 432/4-1 and the German Research Foundation under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC-2189-Project ID: 390939984.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kury
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marita Führer
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fuchs
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Myriam R Lorenz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Orlando Bruno Giorgetti
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shahrzad Bakhtiar
- Division for Pediatric Stem-Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andreas P Frei
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Fisch
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; CIBBS -Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Janssen A, Villacorta Hidalgo J, Beringer DX, van Dooremalen S, Fernando F, van Diest E, Terrizi AR, Bronsert P, Kock S, Schmitt-Gräff A, Werner M, Heise K, Follo M, Straetemans T, Sebestyen Z, Chudakov DM, Kasatskaya SA, Frenkel FE, Ravens S, Spierings E, Prinz I, Küppers R, Malkovsky M, Fisch P, Kuball J. γδ T-cell Receptors Derived from Breast Cancer-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes Mediate Antitumor Reactivity. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:530-543. [PMID: 32019779 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells in human solid tumors remain poorly defined. Here, we describe molecular and functional analyses of T-cell receptors (TCR) from tumor-infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes (γδ TIL) that were in direct contact with tumor cells in breast cancer lesions from archival material. We observed that the majority of γδ TILs harbored a proinflammatory phenotype and only a minority associated with the expression of IL17. We characterized TCRγ or TCRδ chains of γδ TILs and observed a higher proportion of Vδ2+ T cells compared with other tumor types. By reconstructing matched Vδ2- TCRγ and TCRδ pairs derived from single-cell sequencing, our data suggest that γδ TILs could be active against breast cancer and other tumor types. The reactivity pattern against tumor cells depended on both the TCRγ and TCRδ chains and was independent of additional costimulation through other innate immune receptors. We conclude that γδ TILs can mediate tumor reactivity through their individual γδ TCR pairs and that engineered T cells expressing TCRγ and δ chains derived from γδ TILs display potent antitumor reactivity against different cancer cell types and, thus, may be a valuable tool for engineering immune cells for adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Janssen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jose Villacorta Hidalgo
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis X Beringer
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne van Dooremalen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Febilla Fernando
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eline van Diest
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Antonela R Terrizi
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kock
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Schmitt-Gräff
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Heise
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitry M Chudakov
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya A Kasatskaya
- Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sarina Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eric Spierings
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Paul Fisch
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. .,Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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4
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Seitz-Alghrouz R, Hidalgo JV, Kayser C, Kreutz C, Technau-Hafsi K, Diaz C, von Deimling A, Timmer J, Werner M, Malkovsky M, Fisch P. BRAF V600E Mutations in Nevi and Melanocytic Tumors of Uncertain Malignant Potential. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2489-2491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Christopoulos P, Chung I, Bozorgmehr F, Muley T, Meister M, Kobinger S, Marx A, Thomas M, Winter H, Herpel E, Rieker RJ, Fisch P, Grosch H. Deficient CD247 expression is a typical histopathological characteristic of thymomas with cortical features. Histopathology 2018; 73:1040-1043. [PMID: 30079467 DOI: 10.1111/his.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petros Christopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inn Chung
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Farastuk Bozorgmehr
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Kobinger
- Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, Mannheim University Hospital, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf J Rieker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Fisch
- Department of Pathology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heidrun Grosch
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Juraske C, Wipa P, Morath A, Hidalgo JV, Hartl FA, Raute K, Oberg HH, Wesch D, Fisch P, Minguet S, Pongcharoen S, Schamel WW. Anti-CD3 Fab Fragments Enhance Tumor Killing by Human γδ T Cells Independent of Nck Recruitment to the γδ T Cell Antigen Receptor. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1579. [PMID: 30038626 PMCID: PMC6046647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes expressing the γδ T cell receptor (γδ TCR) can recognize antigens expressed by tumor cells and subsequently kill these cells. γδ T cells are indeed used in cancer immunotherapy clinical trials. The anti-CD3ε antibody UCHT1 enhanced the in vitro tumor killing activity of human γδ T cells by an unknown molecular mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that Fab fragments of UCHT1, which only bind monovalently to the γδ TCR, also enhanced tumor killing by expanded human Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells or pan-γδ T cells of the peripheral blood. The Fab fragments induced Nck recruitment to the γδ TCR, suggesting that they stabilized the γδ TCR in an active CD3ε conformation. However, blocking the Nck-CD3ε interaction in γδ T cells using the small molecule inhibitor AX-024 neither reduced the γδ T cells' natural nor the Fab-enhanced tumor killing activity. Likewise, Nck recruitment to CD3ε was not required for intracellular signaling, CD69 and CD25 up-regulation, or cytokine secretion by γδ T cells. Thus, the Nck-CD3ε interaction seems to be dispensable in γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Juraske
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Piyamaporn Wipa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Anna Morath
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jose Villacorta Hidalgo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,University Hospital "José de San Martin", University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Frederike A Hartl
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Raute
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Fisch
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susana Minguet
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Research Center for Academic Excellence in Petroleum, Petrochemical and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wolfgang W Schamel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Migalovich Sheikhet H, Villacorta Hidalgo J, Fisch P, Balbir-Gurman A, Braun-Moscovici Y, Bank I. Dysregulated CD25 and Cytokine Expression by γδ T Cells of Systemic Sclerosis Patients Stimulated With Cardiolipin and Zoledronate. Front Immunol 2018; 9:753. [PMID: 29706966 PMCID: PMC5909681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives γδ T cells, a non-conventional innate lymphocyte subset containing cells that can be activated by lipids and phosphoantigens, are abnormally regulated in systemic sclerosis (SSc). To further evaluate the significance of this dysregulation, we compared how exposure to an autoantigenic lipid, cardiolipin (CL), during co-stimulation with an amino-bisphosphonate (zoledronate, zol), affects the activation and cytokine production of SSc and healthy control (HC) γδ T cells. Methods Expression of CD25 on Vγ9+, Vδ1+, and total CD3+ T cells in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), their binding of CD1d tetramers, and the effect of monoclonal antibody (mAb) blockade of CD1d were monitored by flow cytometry after 4 days of in vitro culture. Intracellular production of IFNγ and IL-4 was assessed after overnight culture. Results Percentages of CD25+ among CD3+ and Vδ1+ T cells were elevated significantly in short-term cultured SSc PBMC compared to HC. In SSc but not HC, CL and zol, respectively, suppressed %CD25+ Vγ9+ and Vδ1+ T cells but, when combined, CL + zol significantly activated both subsets in HC and partially reversed inhibition by the individual reagents in SSc. Importantly, Vδ1+ T cells in both SSc and HC were highly reactive with lipid presenting CD1d tetramers, and a CD1d-blocking mAb decreased CL-induced enhancement of %SSc CD25+ Vδ1+ T cells in the presence of zol. %IFNγ+ cells among Vγ9+ T cells of SSc was lower than HC cultured in medium, CL, zol, or CL + zol, whereas %IFNγ+ Vδ1+ T cells was lower only in the presence of CL or CL + zol. %IL-4+ T cells were similar in SSc and HC in all conditions, with the exception of being increased in SSc Vγ9+ T cells in the presence of CL. Conclusion Abnormal functional responses of γδ T cell subsets to stimulation by CL and phosphoantigens in SSc may contribute to fibrosis and immunosuppression, characteristics of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Fisch
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Balbir-Gurman
- B. Shine Rheumatology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yolanda Braun-Moscovici
- B. Shine Rheumatology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilan Bank
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Rheumatology Unit, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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8
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Seidl M, Bader M, Vaihinger A, Wellner UF, Todorova R, Herde B, Schrenk K, Maurer J, Schilling O, Erbes T, Fisch P, Pfeiffer J, Hoffmann L, Franke K, Werner M, Bronsert P. Morphology of Immunomodulation in Breast Cancer Tumor Draining Lymph Nodes Depends on Stage and Intrinsic Subtype. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5321. [PMID: 29593307 PMCID: PMC5871837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer research of immune-modulating mechanisms mainly addresses the role of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Mechanisms modulating the adaptive immune system at the primary activation site - the draining lymph node (LN) - are less investigated. Here we present tumor-caused histomorphological changes in tumor draining LNs of breast cancer patients, dependent on the localization (sentinel LN vs. non-sentinel LN), the tumor size, the intrinsic subtype and nodal metastatic status. The quantitative morphological study was conducted in breast cancer patients with at least one sentinel LN and no neoadjuvant therapy. All LNs were annotated considering to their topographical location, stained for IgD/H&E, digitized and quantitatively analyzed. In 206 patients, 394 sentinels and 940 non-sentinel LNs were categorized, comprising 40758 follicles and 7074 germinal centers. Subtype specific immunomorphological patterns were detectable: Follicular density was higher in LNs of Her2 enriched hormone receptor positive and triple-negative breast cancers whereas hormone receptor positive breast cancers showed more macrophage infiltrations in the LN cortex. Follicles are rounder in metastatic LNs and non-sentinel LNs. The identified immunomorphological changes reflect different underlying immunomodulations taking place in the tumor-draining LNs and should therefore be considered as possible prognostic and predictive markers for LN metastasis and therapy associated immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Seidl
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Moritz Bader
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery, Department of Reconstructive Surgery, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Vaihinger
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich F Wellner
- Clinic for Surgery, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Rumyana Todorova
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Herde
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaudia Schrenk
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Gynecology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thalia Erbes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul Fisch
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Pfeiffer
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Kai Franke
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery Giessen, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Abstract
Acquired T-cell immunodeficiency can occur in thymoma patients with or without hypogammaglobulinemia (Good's syndrome), but it has received little attention to date. It appears predominantly associated with lymphocyte-rich (i.e., cortical or mixed) thymomas and frequently coexists with autoimmune manifestations. The main abnormalities are an increase in circulating naive T cells, cutaneous T-cell anergy, TCR hyporesponsiveness in vitro as well as a numerical and functional impairment of regulatory T cells. All of these probably result from an abnormal T-cell maturation in the neoplastic thymic microenvironment. A better understanding of thymoma-related acquired T-cell immunodeficiency will be important for immunotherapy of this orphan disease as well as for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections, autoimmune complications and secondary malignancies that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of thymoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Christopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at the Heidelberg University Medical Center, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Rontgenstr. 1, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Fisch
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Vermeulen JF, Van Hecke W, Adriaansen EJM, Jansen MK, Bouma RG, Villacorta Hidalgo J, Fisch P, Broekhuizen R, Spliet WGM, Kool M, Bovenschen N. Prognostic relevance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immune checkpoints in pediatric medulloblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1398877. [PMID: 29399402 PMCID: PMC5790383 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1398877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric medulloblastomas are the most frequently diagnosed embryonal tumors of the central nervous system. Current therapies cause severe neurological and cognitive side effects including secondary malignancies. Cellular immunotherapy might be key to improve survival and to avoid morbidity. Efficient killing of tumor cells using immunotherapy requires to overcome cancer-associated strategies to evade cytotoxic immune responses. Here, we examined the immune response and immune evasion strategies in pediatric medulloblastomas. Cytotoxic T-cells, infiltrating medulloblastomas with variable activation status, showed no correlation with overall survival of the patients. We found limited numbers of PD1+ T-cells and complete absence of PD-L1 on medulloblastomas. Medulloblastomas downregulated immune recognition molecules MHC-I and CD1 d. Intriguingly, expression of granzyme inhibitors SERPINB1 and SERPINB4 was acquired in 23% and 50% of the tumors, respectively. Concluding, pediatric medulloblastomas exploit multiple immune evasion strategies to overcome immune surveillance. Absence of PD-L1 expression in medulloblastoma suggest limited or no added value for immunotherapy with PD1/PD-L1 blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen F Vermeulen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mieke K Jansen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne G Bouma
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Fisch
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roel Broekhuizen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G M Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Kelly M, McNeel D, Fisch P, Malkovsky M. Immunological considerations underlying heat shock protein-mediated cancer vaccine strategies. Immunol Lett 2017; 193:1-10. [PMID: 29129721 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The success of active immunotherapies in the prevention of many infectious diseases over the course of over 200 years has lead scientists to wonder if the same principles could be applied to cancer. Antigen-specific active immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer have been researched for over two decades, however, the overwhelming majority of these studies have failed to stimulate robust clinical responses. It is clear that current active immunotherapy research should incorporate methods to increase the immunostimulatory capacity of these therapies. To directly address this need, we propose the addition of the immunostimulatory heat shock proteins (HSPs) to active immunotherapeutic strategies to augment their efficacy. Heat shock proteins are a family of highly conserved intracellular chaperone proteins, and are the most abundant family proteins inside cells. This ubiquity, and their robust immunostimulatory capacity, points to their importance in regulation of intracellular processes and, therefore, indicators of loss of cellular integrity if found extracellularly. Thus, we emphasize the importance of taking into consideration the location of vaccine-derived HSP/tumor-antigen complexes when designing active immunotheraputic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kelly
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Douglas McNeel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul Fisch
- Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Institut für Pathologie, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miroslav Malkovsky
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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12
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Rathmann S, Keck C, Kreutz C, Weit N, Müller M, Timmer J, Glatzel S, Follo M, Malkovsky M, Werner M, Handgretinger R, Finke J, Fisch P. Partial break in tolerance of NKG2A−/LIR-1− single KIR+ NK cells early in the course of HLA-matched, KIR-mismatched hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1144-1155. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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13
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Kreisel W, Ruf G, Salm R, Lazaro A, Bengsch B, Globig AM, Fisch P, Lassmann S, Schmitt-Graeff A. Protein-losing pseudomembranous colitis with cap polyposis-like features. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3003-3010. [PMID: 28522919 PMCID: PMC5413796 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i16.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is characterized by loss of serum proteins into the gastrointestinal tract. It may lead to hypoproteinemia and clinically present as protein deficiency edema, ascites, pleural or pericardial effusion and/or malnutrition. In most cases the site of protein loss is the small intestine. Here we present an unusual case of severe PLE in a 55-year old female with a one-year history of recurrent diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, and peripheral edema. Endoscopy and MRI showed a diffuse inflammatory thickening of the sigmoid colon and the rectum. Surgical resection of the involved colon was performed and the symptoms were significantly resolved. The final histologic evaluation confirmed a diagnosis of a pseudomembranous colitis with cap polyposis-like features. Such a cause of PLE has never been described before.
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14
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Christopoulos P, Bukatz D, Kock S, Malkovsky M, Finke J, Fisch P. Improved analysis of TCRγδ variable region expression in humans. J Immunol Methods 2016; 434:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Volk T, Pannicke U, Reisli I, Bulashevska A, Ritter J, Björkman A, Schäffer AA, Fliegauf M, Sayar EH, Salzer U, Fisch P, Pfeifer D, Di Virgilio M, Cao H, Yang F, Zimmermann K, Keles S, Caliskaner Z, Güner SÜ, Schindler D, Hammarström L, Rizzi M, Hummel M, Pan-Hammarström Q, Schwarz K, Grimbacher B. DCLRE1C (ARTEMIS) mutations causing phenotypes ranging from atypical severe combined immunodeficiency to mere antibody deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:7361-72. [PMID: 26476407 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Null mutations in genes involved in V(D)J recombination cause a block in B- and T-cell development, clinically presenting as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Hypomorphic mutations in the non-homologous end-joining gene DCLRE1C (encoding ARTEMIS) have been described to cause atypical SCID, Omenn syndrome, Hyper IgM syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease-all with severely impaired T-cell immunity. By whole-exome sequencing, we investigated the molecular defect in a consanguineous family with three children clinically diagnosed with antibody deficiency. We identified perfectly segregating homozygous variants in DCLRE1C in three index patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections, very low B-cell numbers and serum IgA levels. In patients, decreased colony survival after irradiation, impaired proliferative response and reduced counts of naïve T cells were observed in addition to a restricted T-cell receptor repertoire, increased palindromic nucleotides in the complementarity determining regions 3 and long stretches of microhomology at switch junctions. Defective V(D)J recombination was complemented by wild-type ARTEMIS protein in vitro. Subsequently, homozygous or compound heterozygous DCLRE1C mutations were identified in nine patients from the same geographic region. We demonstrate that DCLRE1C mutations can cause a phenotype presenting as only antibody deficiency. This novel association broadens the clinical spectrum associated with ARTEMIS mutations. Clinicians should consider the possibility that an immunodeficiency with a clinically mild initial presentation could be a combined immunodeficiency, so as to provide appropriate care for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Volk
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pannicke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Alla Bulashevska
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Ritter
- Institute of Pathology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Björkman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alejandro A Schäffer
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manfred Fliegauf
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Salzer
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul Fisch
- Center for Pathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Hongzhi Cao
- Science and Technology Department, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Science and Technology Department, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karin Zimmermann
- Institute of Pathology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sevgi Keles
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy
| | - Zafer Caliskaner
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Detlev Schindler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Institute of Pathology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany, Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Germany and
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
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16
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Fisch P, Christopoulos P, Marx A, Schamel WWA. Response to Comment on "A Novel Thymoma-Associated Immunodeficiency with Increased Naive T Cells and Reduced CD247 Expression". J Immunol 2015; 195:3505-6. [PMID: 26432898 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fisch
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W A Schamel
- Department of Molecular Immunology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Rahman SH, Kuehle J, Reimann C, Mlambo T, Alzubi J, Maeder ML, Riedel H, Fisch P, Cantz T, Rudolph C, Mussolino C, Joung JK, Schambach A, Cathomen T. Rescue of DNA-PK Signaling and T-Cell Differentiation by Targeted Genome Editing in a prkdc Deficient iPSC Disease Model. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005239. [PMID: 26000857 PMCID: PMC4441453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro disease modeling based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides a powerful system to study cellular pathophysiology, especially in combination with targeted genome editing and protocols to differentiate iPSCs into affected cell types. In this study, we established zinc-finger nuclease-mediated genome editing in primary fibroblasts and iPSCs generated from a mouse model for radiosensitive severe combined immunodeficiency (RS-SCID), a rare disorder characterized by cellular sensitivity to radiation and the absence of lymphocytes due to impaired DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activity. Our results demonstrate that gene editing in RS-SCID fibroblasts rescued DNA-PK dependent signaling to overcome radiosensitivity. Furthermore, in vitro T-cell differentiation from iPSCs was employed to model the stage-specific T-cell maturation block induced by the disease causing mutation. Genetic correction of the RS-SCID iPSCs restored T-lymphocyte maturation, polyclonal V(D)J recombination of the T-cell receptor followed by successful beta-selection. In conclusion, we provide proof that iPSC-based in vitro T-cell differentiation is a valuable paradigm for SCID disease modeling, which can be utilized to investigate disorders of T-cell development and to validate gene therapy strategies for T-cell deficiencies. Moreover, this study emphasizes the significance of designer nucleases as a tool for generating isogenic disease models and their future role in producing autologous, genetically corrected transplants for various clinical applications. Due to the limited availability and lifespan of some primary cells, in vitro disease modeling with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a valuable complementation to in vivo studies. The goal of our study was to establish an in vitro disease model for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a group of inherited disorders of the immune system characterized by the lack of T-lymphocytes. To this end, we generated iPSCs from fibroblasts of a radiosensitive SCID (RS-SCID) mouse model and established a protocol to recapitulate T-lymphopoiesis from iPSCs in vitro. We used designer nucleases to edit the underlying mutation in prkdc, the gene encoding DNA-PKcs, and demonstrated that genetic correction of the disease locus rescued DNA-PK dependent signaling, restored normal radiosensitivity, and enabled T-cell maturation and polyclonal T-cell receptor recombination. We hence provide proof that the combination of two promising technology platforms, iPSCs and designer nucleases, with a protocol to generate T-cells in vitro, represents a powerful paradigm for SCID disease modeling and the evaluation of therapeutic gene editing strategies. Furthermore, our system provides a basis for further development of iPSC-derived cell products with the potential for various clinical applications, including infusions of in vitro derived autologous T-cells to stabilize patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim H. Rahman
- Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Kuehle
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Reimann
- Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tafadzwa Mlambo
- Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jamal Alzubi
- Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Morgan L. Maeder
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heimo Riedel
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul Fisch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Cantz
- Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, REBIRTH cluster of excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Rudolph
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudio Mussolino
- Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Keith Joung
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (AS); (TC)
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (AS); (TC)
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18
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NaserEddin A, Shamriz O, Keller B, Alzyoud RM, Unger S, Fisch P, Prus E, Berkun Y, Averbuch D, Shaag A, Wahadneh AM, Conley ME, Warnatz K, Elpeleg O, Stepensky P. Enteroviral Infection in a Patient with BLNK Adaptor Protein Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2015; 35:356-60. [PMID: 25893637 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-015-0164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
B-cell linker (BLNK) protein is a non-redundant adaptor molecule in the signaling pathway activated by (pre) B-cell antigen receptor signals. We present two siblings with a homozygous deleterious frameshift mutation in BLNK, resulting in a block of B cell development in the bone marrow at the preB1 to preB2 stage, absence of circulating B cells and agammaglobulinemia. This is the first description of an enteroviral infection associated arthritis and dermatitis in a patient with BLNK deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb NaserEddin
- Pediatric Division, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Christopoulos P, Dopfer EP, Malkovsky M, Esser PR, Schaefer HE, Marx A, Kock S, Rupp N, Lorenz MR, Schwarz K, Harder J, Martin SF, Werner M, Bogdan C, Schamel WWA, Fisch P. A novel thymoma-associated immunodeficiency with increased naive T cells and reduced CD247 expression. J Immunol 2015; 194:3045-53. [PMID: 25732729 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying thymoma-associated immunodeficiency are largely unknown, and the significance of increased blood γδ Τ cells often remains elusive. In this study we address these questions based on an index patient with thymoma, chronic visceral leishmaniasis, myasthenia gravis, and a marked increase of rare γδ T cell subsets in the peripheral blood. This patient showed cutaneous anergy, even though he had normal numbers of peripheral blood total lymphocytes as well as CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Despite his chronic infection, analyses of immunophenotypes and spectratyping of his lymphocytes revealed an unusual accumulation of naive γδ and αβ T cells, suggesting a generalized T cell activation defect. Functional studies in vitro demonstrated substantially diminished IL-2 and IFN-γ production following TCR stimulation of his "untouched" naive CD4(+) T cells. Biochemical analysis revealed that his γδ and αβ T cells carried an altered TCR complex with reduced amounts of the ζ-chain (CD247). No mutations were found in the CD247 gene that encodes the homodimeric ζ protein. The diminished presence of CD247 and increased numbers of γδ T cells were also observed in thymocyte populations obtained from three other thymoma patients. Thus, our findings describe a novel type of a clinically relevant acquired T cell immunodeficiency in thymoma patients that is distinct from Good's syndrome. Its characteristics are an accumulation of CD247-deficient, hyporresponsive naive γδ and αβ T cells and an increased susceptibility to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Christopoulos
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elaine P Dopfer
- Department of Molecular Immunology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miroslav Malkovsky
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology (Allergy Research Group), University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Eckart Schaefer
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kock
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Rupp
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Myriam R Lorenz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Harder
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology (Allergy Research Group), University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W A Schamel
- Department of Molecular Immunology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul Fisch
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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20
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Ardeniz Ö, Unger S, Onay H, Ammann S, Keck C, Cianga C, Gerçeker B, Martin B, Fuchs I, Salzer U, İkincioğulları A, Güloğlu D, Dereli T, Thimme R, Ehl S, Schwarz K, Schmitt-Graeff A, Cianga P, Fisch P, Warnatz K. β2-Microglobulin deficiency causes a complex immunodeficiency of the innate and adaptive immune system. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:392-401. [PMID: 25702838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with MHC class I (MHC-I) deficiency carry genetic defects in transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) or TAP2. The clinical presentation can vary, and about half of the patients have severe skin disease. Previously, one report described β2-microglobulin (β2m) deficiency as another monogenetic cause of MHC-I deficiency, but no further immunologic evaluation was performed. OBJECTIVE We sought to describe the molecular and immunologic features of β2m deficiency in 2 Turkish siblings with new diagnoses. METHODS Based on clinical and serologic findings, the genetic defect was detected by means of candidate gene analysis. The immunologic characterization comprises flow cytometry, ELISA, functional assays, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Here we provide the first extensive clinical and immunologic description of β2m deficiency in 2 siblings. The sister had recurrent respiratory tract infections and severe skin disease, whereas the brother was fairly asymptomatic but had bronchiectasis. Not only polymorphic MHC-I but also the related CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and neonatal Fc receptor molecules were absent from the surfaces of β2m-deficient cells. Absent neonatal Fc receptor surface expression led to low serum IgG and albumin levels in both siblings, whereas the heterozygous parents had normal results for all tested parameters except β2m mRNA (B2M) expression. Similar to TAP deficiency in the absence of a regular CD8 T-cell compartment, CD8(+) γδ T cells were strongly expanded. Natural killer cells were normal in number but not "licensed to kill." CONCLUSION The clinical presentation of patients with β2m deficiency resembles that of patients with other forms of MHC-I deficiency, but because of the missing stabilizing effect of β2m on other members of the MHC-I family, the immunologic defect is more extensive than in patients with TAP deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömür Ardeniz
- Internal Medicine Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ege University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Susanne Unger
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hüseyin Onay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sandra Ammann
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Keck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corina Cianga
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Bengü Gerçeker
- Department of Dermatology, Ege University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bianca Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilka Fuchs
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aydan İkincioğulları
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Güloğlu
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğrul Dereli
- Department of Dermatology, Ege University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, and the Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Petru Cianga
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Paul Fisch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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21
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Hillen KM, Gather R, Enders A, Pircher H, Aichele P, Fisch P, Blumenthal B, Schamel WW, Straub T, Goodnow CC, Ehl S. T cell expansion is the limiting factor of virus control in mice with attenuated TCR signaling: implications for human immunodeficiency. J Immunol 2015; 194:2725-34. [PMID: 25672755 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Defining the minimal thresholds for effective antiviral T cell immunity is important for clinical decisions in immunodeficient patients. TCR signaling is critical for T cell development, activation, and effector functions. In this article, we analyzed which of these TCR-mediated processes is limiting for antiviral immunity in a mouse strain with reduced expression of SLP-76 (twp mice). Despite severe T cell activation defects in vitro, twp mice generated a normal proportion of antiviral effector T cells postinfection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Twp CD8(+) T cells showed impaired polyfunctional cytokine production, whereas cytotoxicity as the crucial antiviral effector function for LCMV control was normal. The main limiting factor in the antiviral response of twp mice was impaired T cell proliferation and survival, leading to a 5- to 10-fold reduction of antiviral T cells at the peak of the immune response. This was still sufficient to control infection with the LCMV Armstrong strain, but the more rapidly replicating LCMV-WE induced T cell exhaustion and viral persistence. Thus, under conditions of impaired TCR signaling, reduced T cell expansion was the limiting factor in antiviral immunity. These findings have implications for understanding antiviral immunity in patients with T cell deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Hillen
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Immunology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Gather
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Immunology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anselm Enders
- Ramaciotti Immunization Genomics Laboratory, Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Acton 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Immunology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Aichele
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Immunology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul Fisch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Britta Blumenthal
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Wolfgang W Schamel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Tobias Straub
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Immunology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Acton 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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22
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Wehr C, Houet L, Pantic M, Gutenberger S, Emmerich F, Marks R, Fisch P, Warnatz K. Recurrence of persistent polyclonal B lymphocytosis (PPBL) after rituximab treatment. Ann Hematol 2015; 94:1075-6. [PMID: 25638669 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-015-2302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Wehr
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstrasse 117, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Janda A, Schwarz K, van der Burg M, Vach W, Ijspeert H, Lorenz M, Elgizouli M, Pieper K, Fisch P, Hagel J, Lorenzetti R, Seidl M, Roesler J, Hauck F, Traggiai E, Speckmann C, Rensing-Ehl A, Ehl S, Eibel H, Rizzi M. Disturbed B-lymphocytes selection in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Mol Cell Pediatr 2015. [PMCID: PMC4715105 DOI: 10.1186/2194-7791-2-s1-a23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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24
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Hidalgo JV, Bronsert P, Orlowska-Volk M, Díaz LB, Stickeler E, Werner M, Schmitt-Graeff A, Kayser G, Malkovsky M, Fisch P. Histological Analysis of γδ T Lymphocytes Infiltrating Human Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas. Front Immunol 2014; 5:632. [PMID: 25540645 PMCID: PMC4261817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women and the second most common cancer worldwide after lung cancer. The remarkable heterogeneity of breast cancers influences numerous diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic factors. Triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs) lack expression of HER2 and the estrogen and progesterone receptors and often contain lymphocytic infiltrates. Most of TNBCs are invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) with poor prognosis, whereas prognostically more favorable subtypes such as medullary breast carcinomas (MBCs) are somewhat less frequent. Infiltrating T-cells have been associated with an improved clinical outcome in TNBCs. The prognostic role of γδ T-cells within CD3+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes remains unclear. We analyzed 26 TNBCs, 14 IDCs, and 12 MBCs, using immunohistochemistry for the quantity and patterns of γδ T-cell infiltrates within the tumor microenvironment. In both types of TNBCs, we found higher numbers of γδ T-cells in comparison with normal breast tissues and fibroadenomas. The numbers of infiltrating γδ T-cells were higher in MBCs than in IDCs. γδ T-cells in MBCs were frequently located in direct contact with tumor cells, within the tumor and at its invasive border. In contrast, most γδ T-cells in IDCs were found in clusters within the tumor stroma. These findings could be associated with the fact that the patient’s prognosis in MBCs is better than that in IDCs. Further studies to characterize these γδ T-cells at the molecular and functional level are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Villacorta Hidalgo
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany ; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany ; University Hospital "José de San Martin", University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany ; Comprehensive Cancer Center , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany
| | - Marzenna Orlowska-Volk
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany
| | - Liliana B Díaz
- University Hospital "José de San Martin", University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Freiburg Medical Center , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany ; Comprehensive Cancer Center , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany
| | - Annette Schmitt-Graeff
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany
| | - Gian Kayser
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany
| | - Miroslav Malkovsky
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, WI , USA
| | - Paul Fisch
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany
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25
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Capaldi IB, May AM, Schmitt-Graeff A, Follo M, Aumann K, Kayser G, Perazzo JC, Werner M, Fisch P. Detection of MYD88 L265P mutations in formalin-fixed and decalcified BM biopsies from patients with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Dopfer E, Hartl F, Oberg HH, Siegers G, Yousefi OS, Kock S, Fiala G, Garcillán B, Sandstrom A, Alarcón B, Regueiro J, Kabelitz D, Adams E, Minguet S, Wesch D, Fisch P, Schamel W. The CD3 Conformational Change in the γδ T Cell Receptor Is Not Triggered by Antigens but Can Be Enforced to Enhance Tumor Killing. Cell Rep 2014; 7:1704-1715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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27
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Unger S, Seidl M, Schmitt-Graeff A, Böhm J, Schrenk K, Wehr C, Goldacker S, Dräger R, Gärtner BC, Fisch P, Werner M, Warnatz K. Ill-defined germinal centers and severely reduced plasma cells are histological hallmarks of lymphadenopathy in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:615-26. [PMID: 24789743 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Given the severely reduced numbers of circulating class-switched memory B cells and plasmablasts in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) the germinal center (GC) reaction as the source of both populations is expected to be disturbed in many CVID patients. Therefore immunohistochemical studies were performed on lymph node (LN) biopsies from ten CVID patients with benign lymphoproliferation. According to the Sander classification the majority of patients presented with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (7/10), 6/10 showed granulomatous inflammation. All cases showed some normal GCs but in 9/10 these concurred to a varying degree with hyperplastic, ill-defined GCs in the same LN. The percentage of ill-defined GCs correlated significantly with the percentage of circulating CD21(low) B cells suggesting a common origin of both immune reactions. In 9/10 CVID LNs significantly higher numbers of infiltrating CD8+ T cells were found in GCs of CVID patients compared to controls, but no HHV-8 and only in 2/10 LNs EBV infection was detected. Class switched plasma cells (PCs) were severely reduced in 8/10 LNs and if present, rarely found in the medulla of the LN. Based on the presence of large GCs in all examined patients, the reduction of circulating memory B cells and PCs points towards a failure of GC output rather than GC formation in CVID patients with lymphadenopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Unger
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.117, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Fisch P. Health care research impact frameworks from the perspective of the EC's research programmes. Eur J Public Health 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt126.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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29
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Abstract
The fifth international γδ T-cell conference was held in Freiburg, Germany, from May 31 to June 2, 2012, bringing together approximately 170 investigators from all over the world. The scientific program covered topics such as thymic development and the mechanisms of ligand recognition and activation, the interaction of γδ T cells with other immune and non-immune cells and its implications for homeostasis, infection, tissue repair and autoimmunity, and the role of γδ T cells in malignancy and their potential for novel immunotherapies. Here we discuss a selection of the oral communications at the conference, and summarise exciting new findings in the field regarding the development, mode of antigen recognition, and responses to microorganisms, viruses and tumours by human and mouse γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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30
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Schmitt-Graeff AH, Müller MJ, Fisch P. [Myelodysplastic syndromes. Epidemiology, molecular and morphological characteristics and risk stratification]. Pathologe 2013; 34:45-55. [PMID: 23322304 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-012-1707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a spectrum of clonal stem cell disorders which are currently defined according to the classification scheme of the revised 2008 WHO classification but which may be further refined in the future. The clinical presentation is often characterized by unexplained isolated or multiple peripheral blood cytopenias resulting in anemia, bleeding events or increased susceptibility to infections. The generally hypercellular, but rarely hypocellular and occasionally fibrotic bone marrow shows dysplastic features in ≥ 10 % of cells of at least one of the hematopoietic lineages. These features and enhanced apoptosis, stem cell senescence and immunologic dysregulation result in ineffective hematopoiesis. Diagnostics in MDS relies on complementary consideration of hematological, morphological and cytogenetic/molecular parameters. Methods include marrow and peripheral blood cytology, cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), trephine bone marrow biopsy examination, immunophenotyping and the evaluation of molecular markers by established and new techniques. Mutations affecting growth factor receptors, cell cycle and apoptosis regulators, intracellular signaling, transcription factors, epigenetic regulation and the splicosome are involved in MDS pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Schmitt-Graeff
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115a, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
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31
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Hechinger AK, Maas K, Dürr C, Leonhardt F, Prinz G, Marks R, Gerlach U, Hofmann M, Fisch P, Finke J, Pircher H, Zeiser R. Inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation and farnesylation protects against graft-versus-host disease via effects on CD4 effector T cells. Haematologica 2012; 98:31-40. [PMID: 22801964 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.065789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in immunosuppressive regimens, acute graft-versus-host disease remains a frequent complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Pathogenic donor T cells are dependent on correct attachment of small GTPases to the cell membrane, mediated by farnesyl- or geranylgeranyl residues, which, therefore, constitute potential targets for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. A mouse model was used to study the impact of a farnesyl-transferase inhibitor and a geranylgeranyl-transferase inhibitor on acute graft-versus-host disease, anti-cytomegalovirus T-cell responses and graft-versus-leukemia activity. Treatment of mice undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with farnesyl-transferase inhibitor and geranylgeranyl-transferase inhibitor reduced the histological severity of graft-versus-host disease and prolonged survival significantly. Mechanistically, farnesyl-transferase inhibitor and geranylgeranyl-transferase inhibitor treatment resulted in reduced alloantigen-driven expansion of CD4 T cells. In vivo treatment led to increased thymic cellularity and polyclonality of the T-cell receptor repertoire by reducing thymic graft-versus-host disease. These effects were absent when squalene production was blocked. The farnesyl-transferase inhibitor and geranylgeranyl-transferase inhibitor did not compromise CD8 function against leukemia cells or reconstitution of T cells that were subsequently responsible for anti-murine cytomegalovirus responses. In summary, we observed an immunomodulatory effect of inhibitors of farnesyl-transferase and geranylgeranyl-transferase on graft-versus-host disease, with enhanced functional immune reconstitution. In the light of the modest toxicity of farnesyl-transferase inhibitors such as tipifarnib in patients and the potent reduction of graft-versus-host disease in mice, farnesyl-transferase and geranylgeranyl-transferase inhibitors could help to reduce graft-versus-host disease significantly without having a negative impact on immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Hechinger
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
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32
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Dorn A, Zoellner A, Follo M, Martin S, Weber F, Marks R, Melchinger W, Zeiser R, Fisch P, Scheele JS. Rap1a deficiency modifies cytokine responses and MAPK-signaling in vitro and impairs the in vivo inflammatory response. Cell Immunol 2012; 276:187-95. [PMID: 22695258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rap1, which is closely related to ras, plays a key role in T-cell receptor (TCR)-signaling. TCR-stimulation without costimulation leads to constitutively activated rap1, which may mediate T-cell anergy via inhibition of ras-dependent induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). This activation is mediated by a second protein kinase b-Raf. Rap1-GTP is thought to activate ERK in a ras-independent manner by binding b-raf. Generally, T cells do not express b-raf while they express the adaptor protein raf-1, which is usually sequestered by rap1 leading to inhibition of ras-mediated ERK activation. In this study, we demonstrate that in rap1-deficient T cells, signaling by the ERK and p38 kinases is increased following activation by different stimuli leading to increased intracellular accumulation and secretion of cytokines. In addition, in a hypersensitivity model rap1-deficient mice demonstrated reduced contact dermatitis compared to wildtype mice, demonstrating the impact of rap1-deficiency on the inflammatory response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Dorn
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Speckmann C, Neumann C, Borte S, la Marca G, Sass JO, Wiech E, Fisch P, Schwarz K, Buchholz B, Schlesier M, Felgentreff K, Grimbacher B, Santisteban I, Bali P, Hershfield MS, Ehl S. Delayed-onset adenosine deaminase deficiency: strategies for an early diagnosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:991-4. [PMID: 22578972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schnitzler M, Fisch P. A role for microchimerism in obesity and evolution? Med Hypotheses 2012; 78:528-32. [PMID: 22325989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells exchanged between individuals, such as those passing the placenta from the mother to the child and vice versa, may survive in the fetal or maternal circulation and tissues for decades and result in microchimerism. Microchimeric cells may play a role in tissue repair, but they have also been implicated as inducers of chronic inflammation, leading to autoimmunity or even cancer. Here we propose that microchimerism may play a more fundamental role in health and evolution by setting a limit to genomic variability within populations. This means that microchimerism allows immune recognition of genomic differences between donor and host which may, depending on the level of variability, cause chronic inflammation. Since chronic inflammation has been experimentally linked to metabolic syndrome, we propose that genomic variability could affect the individual's weight. Thus, metabolic syndrome, which is a growing health problem, may not only result from our lifestyle, but in part be caused by global migration and the increasingly diverse origin of the present human population. Moreover, since in nature weight gain is associated with an increased risk of predation, we discuss the possibility that immunological incompatibility normally promotes the continuous development of new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Schnitzler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Schmitt-Graeff AH, Duerkop H, Vollmer-Kary B, Haxelmans S, Nitschke R, Fisch P, Germing U, Stein H. Clonal relationship between langerhans cell histiocytosis and myeloid sarcoma. Leukemia 2012; 26:1707-10. [PMID: 22382895 PMCID: PMC3395971 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kayser G, Schulte-Uentrop L, Sienel W, Werner M, Fisch P, Passlick B, Zur Hausen A, Stremmel C. Stromal CD4/CD25 positive T-cells are a strong and independent prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer patients, especially with adenocarcinomas. Lung Cancer 2012; 76:445-51. [PMID: 22300751 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Within the concert of immune reactions against tumour cells cytotoxic and regulatory T-cells are of utmost importance. Several studies revealed contradictory results on this issue. We therefore focused on functional expression patterns and localization of tumour-infiltrating T-lymphocytes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their impact on patient's survival. 232 curatively operated NSCLC patients were included. After histological reevaluation and construction of tissue-multi-arrays immunohistochemical doublestains for CD3/CD8 and CD4/CD25 were performed to evaluate the total number of T-cells and their subsets of cytotoxic and activated T-cells. Additionally, the localization of the lymphocytes was included in the analysis. Hereby, T-cells within the tumour stroma were regarded as stromal, those among cancer cells as intraepithelial. The number of lymphocytes differed significantly between the histological subtypes being most prominent in large cell carcinomas. Survival analysis showed that high numbers of stromal T-lymphocytes are of beneficial prognostic influence in NSCLC patients. This also proved to be an independent prognostic factor in adenocarcinomas. Thus, in a large and well characterized cohort of NSCLC this is the first study to determine the prognostic value of stromal T-lymphocytes, as these are an independent prognosticator in NSCLC especially in adenocarcinomas whereas intraepithelial T-cells are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Kayser
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany.
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Hodapp T, Sester U, Mack U, Singh M, Meier T, Wiech E, Fisch P, Ehl S, Sester M. Massive monoclonal expansion of CD4 T-cells specific for aMycobacterium tuberculosisESAT-6 peptide. Eur Respir J 2012; 40:152-60. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00175611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Siegers GM, Dhamko H, Wang XH, Mathieson AM, Kosaka Y, Felizardo TC, Medin JA, Tohda S, Schueler J, Fisch P, Keating A. Human Vδ1 γδ T cells expanded from peripheral blood exhibit specific cytotoxicity against B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia-derived cells. Cytotherapy 2011; 13:753-64. [PMID: 21314241 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.553595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS There is increasing interest in using γδ T cells (GDTC) for cancer immunotherapy. Most studies have been concerned with the Vδ2 subset in blood, for which several expansion protocols exist. We have developed a protocol to expand Vδ1 and Vδ2 preferentially from human blood. We have characterized these subsets and their specificities for leukemic targets. METHODS GDTC were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors via positive magnetic cell sorting; their proliferation in vitro was induced by exposure to the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). CD107 and cytotoxicity (Cr(51)-release and flow cytometric) assays were performed. GDTC clones and target cells were immunophenotyped via flow cytometry. RESULTS Longer initial exposure to Con A typically resulted in higher Vδ1 prevalence. Vδ1 were activated by and cytotoxic to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL)-derived MEC1 cells, whereas Vδ2 also responded to MEC1 but more so to the Philadelphia chromosome-positive [Ph+] leukemia cell line EM-enhanced green fluorescent protein (2eGFPluc). Vδ2 clone cytotoxicity against EM-2eGFPluc correlated with Vδ2 T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and receptor found on Natural Killer cells and many T-cells (NKG2D), whereas Vδ1 clone cytotoxicity versus MEC1 correlated with Vδ1 TCR, CD56 and CD95 expression. Vδ1 also killed Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-negative B-CLL-derived TMD2 cells. Immunophenotyping revealed reduced HLA-ABC expression on EM-2eGFPluc, whereas MEC1 and TMD2 exhibited higher Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAILR1). CONCLUSIONS Our ability to expand peripheral Vδ1 cells and show their cytotoxicity to B-CLL-derived cell lines suggests that this novel approach to the cellular treatment of B-CLL may be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Siegers
- Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Pfaff AK, Maas K, Durr C, Leonhardt F, Prinz G, Marks R, Gerlach U, Hofmann M, Fisch P, Negrin R, Finke J, Pircher H, Zeiser R. Inhibition of Protein Geranylgeranylation and Farnesylation Protects Against GVHD. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wilhelm K, Ganesan J, Müller T, Dürr C, Grimm M, Beilhack A, Krempl CD, Sorichter S, Gerlach UV, Jüttner E, Zerweck A, Gärtner F, Pellegatti P, Di Virgilio F, Ferrari D, Kambham N, Fisch P, Finke J, Idzko M, Zeiser R. Graft-versus-host disease is enhanced by extracellular ATP activating P2X7R. Nat Med 2010; 16:1434-8. [PMID: 21102458 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Danger signals released upon cell damage can cause excessive immune-mediated tissue destruction such as that found in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), allograft rejection and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Given that ATP is found in small concentrations in the extracellular space under physiological conditions, and its receptor P2X(7)R is expressed on several immune cell types, ATP could function as a danger signal when released from dying cells. We observed increased ATP concentrations in the peritoneal fluid after total body irradiation, and during the development of GVHD in mice and in humans. Stimulation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with ATP led to increased expression of CD80 and CD86 in vitro and in vivo and actuated a cascade of proinflammatory events, including signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) phosphorylation, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production and donor T cell expansion, whereas regulatory T cell numbers were reduced. P2X(7)R expression increased when GVHD evolved, rendering APCs more responsive to the detrimental effects of ATP, thereby providing positive feedback signals. ATP neutralization, early P2X(7)R blockade or genetic deficiency of P2X(7)R during GVHD development improved survival without immune paralysis. These data have major implications for transplantation medicine, as pharmacological interference with danger signals that act via P2X(7)R could lead to the development of tolerance without the need for intensive immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Wilhelm
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
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Swamy M, Siegers GM, Fiala GJ, Molnar E, Dopfer EP, Fisch P, Schraven B, Schamel WW. Stoichiometry and intracellular fate of TRIM-containing TCR complexes. Cell Commun Signal 2010; 8:5. [PMID: 20298603 PMCID: PMC2848047 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-8-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studying the stoichiometry and intracellular trafficking of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is pivotal in understanding its mechanisms of activation. The αβTCR includes the antigen-binding TCRαβ heterodimer as well as the signal transducing CD3εγ, CD3εδ and ζ2 subunits. Although the TCR-interacting molecule (TRIM) is also part of the αβTCR complex, it has not been included in most reports so far. Results We used the native antibody-based mobility shift (NAMOS) assay in a first dimension (1D) blue native (BN)-PAGE and a 2D BN-/BN-PAGE to demonstrate that the stoichiometry of the digitonin-solublized TRIM-containing αβTCR is TCRαβCD3ε2γδζ2TRIM2. Smaller αβTCR complexes possess a TCRαβ CD3ε2γδζ2 stoichiometry. Complexes of these sizes were detected in T cell lines as well as in primary human and mouse T cells. Stimulating the αβTCR with anti-CD3 antibodies, we demonstrate by confocal laser scanning microscopy that CD3ε colocalizes with ζ and both are degraded upon prolonged stimulation, possibly within the lysosomal compartment. In contrast, a substantial fraction of TRIM does not colocalize with ζ. Furthermore, TRIM neither moves to lysosomes nor is degraded. Immunoprecipitation studies and BN-PAGE indicate that TRIM also associates with the γδTCR. Conclusions Small αβTCR complexes have a TCRαβ CD3ε2γδζ2 stoichiometry; whereas those associated with one TRIM dimer are TCRαβ CD3ε2γδζ2TRIM2. TRIM is differentially processed compared to CD3 and ζ subunits after T cell activation and is not degraded. The γδTCR also associates with TRIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Swamy
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Max Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Institute for Biology III, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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Neumann J, Feuerhake F, Kayser G, Wiech T, Aumann K, Passlick B, Fisch P, Werner M, Zur Hausen A. Gene expression profiles of lung adenocarcinoma linked to histopathological grading and survival but not to EGF-R status: a microarray study. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:77. [PMID: 20196851 PMCID: PMC2843676 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several different gene expression signatures have been proposed to predict response to therapy and clinical outcome in lung adenocarcinoma. Herein, we investigate if elements of published gene sets can be reproduced in a small dataset, and how gene expression profiles based on limited sample size relate to clinical parameters including histopathological grade and EGFR protein expression. METHODS Affymetrix Human Genome U133A platform was used to obtain gene expression profiles of 28 pathologically and clinically annotated adenocarcinomas of the lung. EGFR status was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Using unsupervised clustering algorithms, the predominant gene expression signatures correlated with the histopathological grade but not with EGFR protein expression as detected by immunohistochemistry. In a supervised analysis, the signature of high grade tumors but not of EGFR overexpressing cases showed significant enrichment of gene sets reflecting MAPK activation and other potential signaling cascades downstream of EGFR. Out of four different previously published gene sets that had been linked to prognosis, three showed enrichment in the gene expression signature associated with favorable prognosis. CONCLUSIONS In this dataset, histopathological tumor grades but not EGFR status were associated with dominant gene expression signatures and gene set enrichment reflecting oncogenic pathway activation, suggesting that high immunohistochemistry EGFR scores may not necessarily be linked to downstream effects that cause major changes in gene expression patterns. Published gene sets showed association with patient survival; however, the small sample size of this study limited the options for a comprehensive validation of previously reported prognostic gene expression signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacher Str 115a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Rathmann S, Glatzel S, Schönberg K, Uhrberg M, Follo M, Schulz-Huotari C, Kaymer M, Veelken H, Finke J, Fisch P. Expansion of NKG2A-LIR1- natural killer cells in HLA-matched, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors/HLA-ligand mismatched patients following hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010; 16:469-81. [PMID: 20044012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for the treatment of leukemia or lymphoma in humans is influenced by donor-derived natural killer (NK) cells, which enhance the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Such alloreactive killer cells can be generated in vivo after HCT if the donor expresses killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), such as KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2/3, or KIR3DL1, for which the recipient lacks HLA class I ligands. We studied effector cells from 22 KIR/HLA-ligand mismatched and 14 KIR/HLA-ligand matched, primarily HLA-matched patient-donor pairs after allogeneic HCT. A novel 8-color flow cytometry panel allowed us to characterize effector-cell populations without "broadly reactive" inhibitory receptors such as CD94/NKG2A or LIR1. The numbers of such NKG2A(-) LIR1(-) NK cells increased following HCT in patients transplanted by KIR/HLA-ligand mismatched grafts, compared to KIR/HLA-ligand matched grafts, and in patients transplanted from donors of the A/B, compared to A/A, KIR haplotypes. NKG2A(-)LIR1(-) NK cells expressing only those inhibitory KIRs for which the patient had no HLA class I ligands could be stimulated by HLA class I-deficient cells to express CD107a. Thus, NKG2A(-)LIR1(-) NK cells may be important GVL effector cells following HCT, even in patients transplanted from HLA-matched donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rathmann
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Freiburg University Hospital, Breisacher Strasse 115A, Freiburg, Germany
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Rohr J, Pannicke U, Döring M, Schmitt-Graeff A, Wiech E, Busch A, Speckmann C, Müller I, Lang P, Handgretinger R, Fisch P, Schwarz K, Ehl S. Chronic inflammatory bowel disease as key manifestation of atypical ARTEMIS deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2009; 30:314-20. [PMID: 19967552 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We describe a girl presenting at age 6 years with a history of chronic ulcerating intestinal inflammation since 9 months of age. She exhibited a severe, steroid-dependent clinical course of intestinal inflammation over several years in the absence of serious infections. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Immunodeficiency was first considered at 6 years of age due to chronic lymphopenia. Immunophenotyping revealed low B and T cell counts with few naïve T cells, a skewed TCR repertoire, and TCR gamma/delta T cell predominance, suggesting a defect of lymphocyte development. Genetic and functional analyses identified a hypomorphic mutation in the DCLRE1C (ARTEMIS) gene compromising V(D)J recombination efficiency, but allowing residual T and B cell development. Hematopoetic stem cell transplantation reconstituted the lymphocyte compartment and cured the inflammatory bowel disease. CONCLUSION This report illustrates that a genetic disorder of lymphocyte development can present with chronic inflammatory bowel disease as the dominant phenotype in the absence of severe infection susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rohr
- Centre of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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Oswald E, Fisch P, Jakob T, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Martin SF, Rensing-Ehl A. Reduced numbers of circulating γδ T cells in patients with bullous pemphigoid. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:991-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wiech T, Nikolopoulos E, Hausmann M, Walch A, Werner M, Fisch P. A case of heterogeneous breast cancer with clonally expanded T-Cells in the HER2+ and metastasis of the HER2- tumor cells. Breast J 2008; 14:487-91. [PMID: 18821935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2008.00627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of an invasive ductal breast carcinoma with significant heterogeneity: a HER-2+ tumor component was densely infiltrated by T-cells, whereas the HER2- tumor component, including two axillary lymph node metastases, showed much fewer tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Array comparative genomic hybridization of dissected tumor cells from both components revealed many shared chromosomal aberrations but also unique alterations of the HER2+ tumor cell population besides HER2 amplification. We found a clonally dominated T-cell receptor rearrangement of the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the HER2+, but not in the HER2- tumor component. Thus, in this case HER2 overexpression is associated with a marked infiltration by T-cells suggesting a specific T-cell response against the HER2+ tumor cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Christopoulos P, Follo M, Fisch P, Veelken H. The peripheral helper T-cell repertoire in untreated indolent B-cell lymphomas: evidence for antigen-driven lymphomagenesis. Leukemia 2008; 22:1952-4. [PMID: 18385751 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Siegers GM, Swamy M, Fernández-Malavé E, Minguet S, Rathmann S, Guardo AC, Pérez-Flores V, Regueiro JR, Alarcón B, Fisch P, Schamel WWA. Different composition of the human and the mouse gammadelta T cell receptor explains different phenotypes of CD3gamma and CD3delta immunodeficiencies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:2537-44. [PMID: 17923503 PMCID: PMC2118495 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20070782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The γδ T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) comprises the clonotypic TCRγδ, the CD3 (CD3γε and/or CD3δε), and the ζζ dimers. γδ T cells do not develop in CD3γ-deficient mice, whereas human patients lacking CD3γ have abundant peripheral blood γδ T cells expressing high γδ TCR levels. In an attempt to identify the molecular basis for these discordant phenotypes, we determined the stoichiometries of mouse and human γδ TCRs using blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and anti-TCR–specific antibodies. The γδ TCR isolated in digitonin from primary and cultured human γδ T cells includes CD3δ, with a TCRγδCD3ε2δγζ2 stoichiometry. In CD3γ-deficient patients, this may allow substitution of CD3γ by the CD3δ chain and thereby support γδ T cell development. In contrast, the mouse γδ TCR does not incorporate CD3δ and has a TCRγδCD3ε2γ2ζ2 stoichiometry. CD3γ-deficient mice exhibit a block in γδ T cell development. A human, but not a mouse, CD3δ transgene rescues γδ T cell development in mice lacking both mouse CD3δ and CD3γ chains. This suggests important structural and/or functional differences between human and mouse CD3δ chains during γδ T cell development. Collectively, our results indicate that the different γδ T cell phenotypes between CD3γ-deficient humans and mice can be explained by differences in their γδ TCR composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Siegers
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Lissat A, Vraetz T, Tsokos M, Klein R, Braun M, Koutelia N, Fisch P, Romero ME, Long L, Noellke P, Mackall CL, Niemeyer CM, Kontny U. Interferon-gamma sensitizes resistant Ewing's sarcoma cells to tumor necrosis factor apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of caspase-8 without altering chemosensitivity. Am J Pathol 2007; 170:1917-30. [PMID: 17525260 PMCID: PMC1899433 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma cells are highly susceptible to apoptosis via tumor necrosis factor apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Resistance to TRAIL has been linked to deficient expression of caspase-8 in vitro. Here, we report on the status of caspase-8 expression in tumors from patients with Ewing's sarcoma, the effect of interferon-gamma on caspase-8 expression and apoptosis, and the role of caspase-8 for TRAIL- and chemotherapy-mediated apoptosis in Ewing's sarcoma. Using immunohistochemistry, we show that low expression of caspase-8 is seen in about 24% of tumors. Interferon-gamma induces expression of caspase-8 at concentrations achievable in humans and sensitizes cells to TRAIL. Transfection of wild type but not mutant caspase-8 into caspase-8-deficient Ewing's sarcoma cells restored sensitivity to TRAIL, indicating that up-regulation of caspase-8 is sufficient to restore TRAIL sensitivity. In contrast, no role for caspase-8 in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis was identified, because 1) transfection of caspase-8 or treatment with interferon-gamma did not alter the sensitivity of caspase-8-deficient cells to chemotherapeutics, 2) application of chemotherapy did not select for caspase-8-negative tumor cells in vivo, and 3) the caspase-8 status of tumors did not influence survival after chemotherapy-based protocols. In conclusion, our data provide a rationale for the inclusion of interferon-gamma in upcoming clinical trials with TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Lissat
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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