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Tang Q, Huang Y, Shen Z, Sun L, Gu Y, He H, Chen Y, Zhou J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Ma S, Li Y, Wu J, Zhao Q. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 2 bridges the OPP and shikimate pathways to enhance aromatic amino acid production in plants. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-024-2567-4. [PMID: 39060614 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway provides metabolic intermediates for the shikimate pathway and directs carbon flow to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (AAAs), which serve as basic protein building blocks and precursors of numerous metabolites essential for plant growth. However, genetic evidence linking the two pathways is largely unclear. In this study, we identified 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 2 (PGD2), the rate-limiting enzyme of the cytosolic OPP pathway, through suppressor screening of arogenate dehydrogenase 2 (adh2) in Arabidopsis. Our data indicated that a single amino acid substitution at position 63 (glutamic acid to lysine) of PGD2 enhanced its enzyme activity by facilitating the dissociation of products from the active site of PGD2, thus increasing the accumulation of AAAs and partially restoring the defective phenotype of adh2. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the point mutation occurred in a well-conserved amino acid residue. Plants with different amino acids at this conserved site of PGDs confer diverse catalytic activities, thus exhibiting distinct AAAs producing capability. These findings uncover the genetic link between the OPP pathway and AAAs biosynthesis through PGD2. The gain-of-function point mutation of PGD2 identified here could be considered as a potential engineering target to alter the metabolic flux for the production of AAAs and downstream compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuanglin Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Linhui Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huiqing He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiahai Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cuihuan Zhao
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shisong Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Mikosik A, Jasiulewicz A, Daca A, Henc I, Frąckowiak JE, Ruckemann-Dziurdzińska K, Foerster J, Le Page A, Bryl E, Fulop T, Witkowski JM. Roles of calpain-calpastatin system (CCS) in human T cell activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76479-76495. [PMID: 27835610 PMCID: PMC5363525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response is determined by the speed of the T cell reaction to antigens assured by a state of readiness for proliferation and cytokine secretion. Proliferation, apoptosis and motion of many cell types are controlled by cytoplasmic proteases - μ- and m-calpain - and their inhibitor calpastatin, together forming the “calpain-calpastatin system” (CCS), assumed to modify their targets only upon activation-dependent cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase. Contrastingly to this notion, using quantitative real time PCR and semiquantitative flow cytometry respectively, we show here that the CCS genes are constitutively expressed, and that both calpains are constitutively active in resting, circulating human CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that calpain inhibition in the resting T cells prevents them from proliferation in vitro and greatly reduces secretion of multiple cytokines. The mechanistic reason for these effects of calpain inhibition on T cell functions might be the demonstrated significant reduction of the expression of active (phosphorylated) upstream signalling molecules, including the phospholipase C gamma, p56Lck and NFκB, in the inhibitor-treated cells. Thus, we propose that the constitutive, self-regulatory calpain-calpastatin system activity in resting human T cells is a necessary, controlling element of their readiness for complex and effective response to antigenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mikosik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabella Henc
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Jerzy Foerster
- Department of Clinical and Social Gerontology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aurelie Le Page
- Research Center on Ageing, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Ageing, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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3
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Mimicking the tumour microenvironment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in vitro critically depends on the type of B-cell receptor stimulation. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:704-12. [PMID: 26924423 PMCID: PMC4800300 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B-cell receptor (BCR) has a key role in the cross-talk between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells and the tissue microenvironment, which favours disease progression by promoting proliferation and drug resistance. In vitro studies on downstream signalling and functional effects of CLL BCR ligation often report contradictory results, in part owing to the lack of a standardised stimulation protocol. Our aim was to define a biologically relevant and robust in vitro stimulation method with regard to cellular phenotypic and transcriptional responses. METHODS We evaluated mRNA (FOS, MYC, LPL) and protein (CD54, CD19, CD62L, CD184) expression of genes modulated by BCR triggering in immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region genes (IGHV)-mutated and -unmutated CLL cells, after stimulation using soluble or immobilised anti-IgM antibodies from different suppliers. RESULTS The effect of BCR stimulation on gene and protein expression was comparable in all CLL patients, irrespective of IGHV mutation status. However, immobilised anti-IgM stimulation elicited clear and robust changes in gene and protein expression, whereas the response to soluble anti-IgM was far less obvious. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the method of BCR stimulation is of major importance regarding responsiveness of CLL cells in the context of the tumour microenvironment, whereas genetic differences in the BCR pathway are less critical.
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Pede V, Rombout A, Vermeire J, Naessens E, Vanderstraeten H, Philippé J, Verhasselt B. Expression of ZAP70 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia activates NF-κB signalling. Br J Haematol 2013; 163:621-30. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Pede
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Ans Rombout
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Jolien Vermeire
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Evelien Naessens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Hanne Vanderstraeten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Pede V, Rombout A, Vermeire J, Naessens E, Mestdagh P, Robberecht N, Vanderstraeten H, Van Roy N, Vandesompele J, Speleman F, Philippé J, Verhasselt B. CLL cells respond to B-Cell receptor stimulation with a microRNA/mRNA signature associated with MYC activation and cell cycle progression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60275. [PMID: 23560086 PMCID: PMC3613353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease with variable clinical outcome. Several prognostic factors such as the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable genes (IGHV) mutation status are linked to the B-cell receptor (BCR) complex, supporting a role for triggering the BCR in vivo in the pathogenesis. The miRNA profile upon stimulation and correlation with IGHV mutation status is however unknown. To evaluate the transcriptional response of peripheral blood CLL cells upon BCR stimulation in vitro, miRNA and mRNA expression was measured using hybridization arrays and qPCR. We found both IGHV mutated and unmutated CLL cells to respond with increased expression of MYC and other genes associated with BCR activation, and a phenotype of cell cycle progression. Genome-wide expression studies showed hsa-miR-132-3p/hsa-miR-212 miRNA cluster induction associated with a set of downregulated genes, enriched for genes modulated by BCR activation and amplified by Myc. We conclude that BCR triggering of CLL cells induces a transcriptional response of genes associated with BCR activation, enhanced cell cycle entry and progression and suggest that part of the transcriptional profiles linked to IGHV mutation status observed in isolated peripheral blood are not cell intrinsic but rather secondary to in vivo BCR stimulation.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/immunology
- Multigene Family
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/agonists
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Pede
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ans Rombout
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vermeire
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Naessens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nore Robberecht
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vanderstraeten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nadine Van Roy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Van Bockstaele F, Verhasselt B, Philippé J. Prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A comprehensive review. Blood Rev 2009; 23:25-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Bernas T, Asem EK, Robinson JP, Rajwa B. Quadratic form: a robust metric for quantitative comparison of flow cytometric histograms. Cytometry A 2008; 73:715-26. [PMID: 18561196 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of fluorescence distributions is a fundamental part of the analysis of flow cytometric data. This approach is applied to detect differences between control and test sample and thus analyze a biological response. Comparison of standard test samples over time provides an estimate of instrument stability for quality control. However, application of statistical methods of distribution comparison in flow cytometry is difficult owing to instrument noise and the complex shape of intensity distributions. We applied quadratic form (QF) as a mathematical metric for comparison of flow cytometry histograms. QF operates on histograms as vectors and calculates the total distance in an interbin manner using a matrix of distances between single histogram bins. Euclidean interbin distance and histograms normalized to unity were used. Critical values corresponding to 95% significance level were calculated using Monte-Carlo simulation and single-maximum Gaussian distributions populated with several numbers of events. The QF statistic was then validated for non-Gaussian single-maximum distributions and multiple-maxima distributions. We determined that the critical values for Gaussian distributions depended on standard deviations and number of events in the compared histograms. A simple empirical function was constructed to characterize this dependence. Furthermore, it was verified that critical values (corresponding to 95% significance) for non-Gaussian histograms were similar to values for the Gaussian histograms characterized by the same standard deviation. We applied the QF statistic to estimate the differences between histograms of DNA content (ploidy) in cells of old and young leaf tissue of Brassica campestris. Furthermore, we quantified differences in fluorescence intensity in immunostaining of human lymphocytes. Quadratic form (QF) provides a true (mathematical) metric for estimation of distance between flow cytometry histograms of arbitrary shape. QF can be applied as a statistical test for estimation of significance of the distance measure. The respective critical values depend only on the number of events and standard deviations of compared histograms and are not affected by distribution shape. Therefore, applications of QF do not require assumptions concerning distribution shape and can be easily implemented in practice. This notion was confirmed using empirical distributions of DNA content in plant tissue and distributions of immunofluorescence in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytus Bernas
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Protection of Environment, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, Poland
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Marti G, Orfao A, Goolsby C. ZAP-70 in CLL: towards standardization of a biomarker for patient management: history of clinical cytometry special issue. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2007; 70:197-200. [PMID: 16906575 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) consists of at least two major prognostic subgroups, characterized by different cellular and molecular markers. This observation sparked studies on the function and clinical importance of these markers. In order to address their function adequately, an efficient and reliable method for gene transfer is needed. In this study, we compared efficiency and utility of different gene transfer techniques in CLL. Lenti-, retro- and adenoviral transduction did not yield appreciable numbers of marker gene enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) positive CLL cells, despite various prestimulation protocols. Efficient transgene expression was observed after nucleofection of CLL cells with plasmid DNA, at the expense of low survival rates. After optimization, electroporation of in vitro transcribed mRNA yielded up to 90% EGFP+CLL cells without affecting survival. Transgene expression remained detectable for at least 2 weeks after electroporation. Furthermore, we could demonstrate overexpression of ZAP70 and of a ZAP70-EGFP fusion protein after electroporation with ZAP70 or ZAP70-EGFP mRNA. We conclude that mRNA electroporation is a novel and straightforward method for highly efficient gene transfer in CLL. The application of this technique should facilitate functional studies on CLL cells, as well as clinical research.
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Stamatopoulos B, Meuleman N, Haibe-Kains B, Duvillier H, Massy M, Martiat P, Bron D, Lagneaux L. Quantification of ZAP70 mRNA in B Cells by Real-Time PCR Is a Powerful Prognostic Factor in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Chem 2007; 53:1757-66. [PMID: 17702857 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.089326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is heterogeneous with respect to prognosis and clinical outcome. The mutational status of the immunoglobulin variable heavy chain region (IGHV) has been used to classify patients into 2 groups in terms of overall survival (OS) and clinical characteristics, but the labor-intensive nature and the cost of this time-consuming analysis has prompted investigations of surrogate markers.
Methods: We developed a standardized quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qPCR) method to measure zeta-chain (TCR)-associated protein kinase (ZAP70) mRNA in purified CD19+ cells. We evaluated this and other methods (flow cytometry analyses of ZAP70 and CD38 proteins and qPCR analysis of lipoprotein lipase mRNA) in a cohort of 108 patients (median follow-up, 82 months) to evaluate any associations with IGHV mutational status, OS, and treatment-free survival (TFS).
Results: The association between qPCR-measured ZAP70 and IGHV mutational status was statistically significant [χ2 (1) = 50.95; P <0.0001], and the value of Cramer’s V statistic (0.72) indicated a very strong relation. This method also demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 87.8%, 85.7%, 87.5%, and 86%, respectively. ZAP70 expression was significantly associated with OS (P = 0.0021) and TFS (P <0.0001). ZAP70+ patients had significantly shorter median TFS (24 months) than ZAP70− patients (157 months) (P <0.0001). Moreover, qPCR-measured ZAP70 expression has greater prognostic power than IGHV mutational status and the other prognostic markers tested.
Conclusions: ZAP70 mRNA quantification via qPCR is a strong surrogate marker of IGHV mutational status and a powerful prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Marti G, Orfao A, Goolsby CL. ZAP70 editorial: a follow-up to the special issue. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2007; 72:94-5. [PMID: 17285625 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Van Bockstaele F, Pede V, Janssens A, Callewaert F, Offner F, Verhasselt B, Philippé J. Lipoprotein Lipase mRNA Expression in Whole Blood Is a Prognostic Marker in B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Chem 2007; 53:204-12. [PMID: 17158192 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.076331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by high individual variability in clinical course and the need for therapy. Differentiation of prognostic subgroups is based primarily on the mutation status of the genes for the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV). The time- and labor-intensive nature of this analysis necessitates the use of easily applicable surrogate markers.
Methods: We developed a quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for determining lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression and analyzed samples of lysed whole blood and CD19-selected cells from 50 CLL patients. Associations of LPL and ZAP70 [ζ-chain (TCR) associated protein kinase 70 kDa] expression with IGHV mutation status, overall survival (OS), and treatment-free survival (TFS) were investigated.
Results: Lysed samples of whole blood and CD19-selected cells were similar with respect to LPL expression (R = 0.88; P <0.0001). LPL expression was significantly associated with IGHV mutation status [χ2(1) = 15.3; P <0.0001] and showed an 89.3% specificity, a 68.2% sensitivity, an 83.3% positive predictive value, and a 78.1% negative predictive value for IGHV mutation status. LPL expression was significantly associated with both OS and TFS in log-rank tests (both P values = 0.002). LPL-positive patients had a significantly shorter median TFS time (23 months) than LPL-negative patients (88 months) (P = 0.002).
Conclusions: LPL mRNA expression is a valuable prognostic marker in CLL. The method does not require cell purification, and its applicability with archived samples facilitates its use in the clinical routine and other studies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lipoprotein Lipase/blood
- Lipoprotein Lipase/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Survival Analysis
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Van Bockstaele
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Savarino A, Lucia MB, ter Heine R, Rastrelli E, Rutella S, Majori G, Huitema A, Boelaert JR, Cauda R. Quinoline antimalarials as investigational drugs for HIV-1/AIDS: in vitro effects on HIV-1 replication, HIV-1 response to antiretroviral drugs, and intracellular antiretroviral drug concentrations. Drug Dev Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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