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Lamami Y, Abulayha AM, Altabal S, Elbasir M, Elbnnani AS, Aghil L, Ebrahim F, Elzagheid A. Absolute CD4 count and percentage values among Libyan patients with HIV by single-platform flow cytometry. Lab Med 2024:lmae046. [PMID: 38902933 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-platform flow cytometry technology together with CD45-gating is becoming the method of choice for absolute CD4 T cell enumeration. Immunological assessment of HIV patients by monitoring CD4 can provide valuable information on antiviral treatment response and disease progression. METHODS A total of 97 HIV-positive individuals were recruited from 2 hospitals in Tripoli, Libya, and 14 healthy blood donors. The HIV-infected individuals were classified by CD4+ count into HIV-positive (>200 cells/µL) or AIDS (≤200 cells/µL) groups. CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts were determined and compared among the groups and with similar published data. RESULTS The mean ± SD CD4+ cell counts were 1106 ± 442.8 cells/µL in healthy individuals, 460 ± 219.7 cells/µL in the HIV-positive group, and 78 ± 64.3 cells/µL in the AIDS group. The mean ± SD CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 1.6 ± 0.58, 0.4 ± 0.22, and 0.1 ± 0.1, respectively. CD4+ counts in Libyan healthy adults might be higher than those reported in several studies in other regions, whereas CD4+ counts in Libyan AIDS patients seem lower. CONCLUSION Reference values for T lymphocyte counts in Libyan healthy individuals should be investigated more extensively, and the reasons why Libyan AIDS patients seem to have such lower CD4+ counts should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Lamami
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Human Cells and Tissues, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Abdulmunem M Abulayha
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Human Cells and Tissues, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Salah Altabal
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Human Cells and Tissues, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mohamed Elbasir
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Human Cells and Tissues, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Abdulrhman S Elbnnani
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Human Cells and Tissues, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Laila Aghil
- National Center for Disease Control, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Fawzi Ebrahim
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Human Cells and Tissues, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Adam Elzagheid
- Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Human Cells and Tissues, Tripoli, Libya
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2
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Lee WH, Graham CE, Wiggin HR, Nolan HK, Graham KJ, Korell F, Leick MB, Barselau AL, Emmanuel-Alejandro E, Trailor MA, Gildea JM, Preffer F, Frigault MJ, Maus MV, Gallagher KME. Optimization of a flow cytometry test for routine monitoring of B cell maturation antigen targeted CAR in peripheral blood. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2024; 106:162-170. [PMID: 38418432 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cell therapies targeting BCMA have displayed impressive activity in the treatment of multiple myeloma. There are currently two FDA licensed products, ciltacabtagene autoleucel and idecabtagene vicleucel, for treating relapsed and refractory disease. Although correlative analyses performed by product manufacturers have been reported in clinical trials, there are limited options for reliable BCMA CAR T detection assays for physicians and researchers looking to explore it as a biomarker for clinical outcome. Given the known association of CAR T cell expansion kinetics with toxicity and response, being able to quantify BCMA CAR T cells routinely and accurately in the blood of patients can serve as a valuable asset. Here, we optimized an accurate and sensitive flow cytometry test using a PE-conjugated soluble BCMA protein, with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.19% of CD3+ T cells, suitable for use as a routine assay for monitoring the frequency of BCMA CAR T cells in the blood of patients receiving either ciltacabtagene autoleucel or idecabtagene vicleucel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ho Lee
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charlotte E Graham
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hadley R Wiggin
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hannah K Nolan
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kiana J Graham
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Felix Korell
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark B Leick
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexis L Barselau
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Estelle Emmanuel-Alejandro
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A Trailor
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juliane M Gildea
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frederic Preffer
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J Frigault
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen M E Gallagher
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Xu K, Miao L, Chen W, Wu H, Gong Y, Tu X, Guo W, Pan B, Qu C, Wu X, Wang B. Establishment of the reference intervals of lymphocyte subsets for healthy Chinese Han adults and its influencing factors. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1495. [PMID: 34805357 PMCID: PMC8573445 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Cellular immune monitoring is becoming more critical in the clinic, but its application has not yet become sufficiently widespread. One reason may be the different reference intervals among clinical laboratories due to several factors. Percentage and number of lymphocyte subsets are standard indicators of cellular immune detection. The present study aimed to establish standardized reference intervals of lymphocyte subsets in the healthy Chinese Han adult population and examine such influencing factors as age, gender, region, and measurement instruments. Methods A total of 496 healthy Chinese Han people aged 18–59 years from 3 China Mainland regions (north, east, and south) were enrolled. The sample of each center was simultaneously examined by three flow cytometers (FACSCantoTMII, FACSLyricTM, and FACSCaliburTM). A single-platform flow cytometry-based absolute count technique was used to quantify the percentage and number of each lymphocyte subset. The flow cytometry results were analyzed by variance analysis and Z test to determine the influence of age, gender, and instruments on lymphocyte subsets. Results Multi-center, age-specific, and gender-specific reference intervals of healthy Chinese Han adults’ lymphocyte subsets were established. There was no statistical difference in the results from the three flow cytometers. Gender affected the results of CD4+ (%) and the absolute count of CD3−CD16+CD56+, where CD4+ (%) was higher in women, and the absolute count of CD3−CD16+CD56+ was higher in men. Age mainly affected the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, which was statistically higher in groups aged over 40 years; the percentage and number of CD3−CD19+ were more elevated in age groups below 30 years; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions This study established the reference intervals of lymphocyte subsets for healthy Chinese Han adult populations under the standardized methods. This study was the first nationwide study in China to use a flow cytometry-based single-platform method to establish the reference intervals of lymphocyte subsets of the healthy Chinese Han adult population. Gender and age were shown to influence the results of lymphocyte subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangli Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linzi Miao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiye Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baishen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxue Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhong Wu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Muñoz-García N, Jara-Acevedo M, Caldas C, Bárcena P, López A, Puig N, Alcoceba M, Fernández P, Villamor N, Flores-Montero JA, Gómez K, Lemes MA, Hernández JC, Álvarez-Twose I, Guerra JL, González M, Orfao A, Almeida J. STAT3 and STAT5B Mutations in T/NK-Cell Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders of Large Granular Lymphocytes (LGL): Association with Disease Features. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123508. [PMID: 33255665 PMCID: PMC7760806 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary STAT3 and STAT5B mutations have been identified in a subset of T and NK large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T/NK-LGLL). The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency and type of these mutations in all different subtypes of T/NK-LGL expansions (n = 100 patients), as well as to analyze its association with biological and clinical features of the disease. We show for the first time that STAT3/5B mutations were present in all different T/NK-cell LGLL categories here studied; further, STAT3 mutations were associated with overall reduced counts of almost all normal residual populations of immune cells in blood, together with a shorter time-to-therapy vs. wild type T/NK-LGLL. These findings contribute to support the utility of the STAT3 mutation analysis for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in LGLL. Abstract STAT3 and STAT5B (STAT3/STAT5B) mutations are the most common mutations in T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) and chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of NK cells (CLPD-NK), but their clinical impact remains unknown. We investigated the frequency and type of STAT3/STAT5B mutations in FACS-sorted populations of expanded T/NK-LGL from 100 (82 clonal; 6 oligoclonal; 12 polyclonal) patients, and its relationship with disease features. Seventeen non-LGL T-CLPD patients and 628 age-matched healthy donors were analyzed as controls. STAT3 (n = 30) and STAT5B (n = 1) mutations were detected in 28/82 clonal T/NK-LGLL patients (34%), while absent (0/18, 0%) among oligoclonal/polyclonal LGL-lymphocytosis. Mutations were found across all diagnostic subgroups: TCD8+-LGLL, 36%; CLPD-NK, 38%; TCD4+-LGLL, 7%; Tαβ+DP-LGLL, 100%; Tαβ+DN-LGLL, 50%; Tγδ+-LGLL, 44%. STAT3-mutated T-LGLL/CLPD-NK showed overall reduced (p < 0.05) blood counts of most normal leukocyte subsets, with a higher rate (vs. nonmutated LGLL) of neutropenia (p = 0.04), severe neutropenia (p = 0.02), and cases requiring treatment (p = 0.0001), together with a shorter time-to-therapy (p = 0.0001), particularly in non-Y640F STAT3-mutated patients. These findings confirm and extend on previous observations about the high prevalence of STAT3 mutations across different subtypes of LGLL, and its association with a more marked decrease of all major blood-cell subsets and a shortened time-to-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Muñoz-García
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and IBMCC (CSIC—University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (M.J.-A.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (A.L.); (J.A.F.-M.); (A.O.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
| | - María Jara-Acevedo
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and IBMCC (CSIC—University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (M.J.-A.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (A.L.); (J.A.F.-M.); (A.O.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
| | - Carolina Caldas
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and IBMCC (CSIC—University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (M.J.-A.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (A.L.); (J.A.F.-M.); (A.O.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
| | - Paloma Bárcena
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and IBMCC (CSIC—University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (M.J.-A.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (A.L.); (J.A.F.-M.); (A.O.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonio López
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and IBMCC (CSIC—University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (M.J.-A.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (A.L.); (J.A.F.-M.); (A.O.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
| | - Noemí Puig
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
- Hematology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/IBMCC and IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcoceba
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
- Hematology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/IBMCC and IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández
- Institut für Labormedizin, Kantonsspital, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland;
| | - Neus Villamor
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan A. Flores-Montero
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and IBMCC (CSIC—University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (M.J.-A.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (A.L.); (J.A.F.-M.); (A.O.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
| | - Karoll Gómez
- Hematology Service, Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital, 21005 Huelva, Spain;
| | - María Angelina Lemes
- Hematology Service, Dr. Negrín Hospital, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | | | - Iván Álvarez-Twose
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
- Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast), Virgen del Valle Hospital, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Guerra
- Hematology Service, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain;
| | - Marcos González
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
- Hematology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/IBMCC and IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Nursery and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and IBMCC (CSIC—University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (M.J.-A.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (A.L.); (J.A.F.-M.); (A.O.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
| | - Julia Almeida
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and IBMCC (CSIC—University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (M.J.-A.); (C.C.); (P.B.); (A.L.); (J.A.F.-M.); (A.O.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.); (M.A.); (N.V.); (I.Á.-T.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-923-294-811 (ext. 5816)
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5
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Margolick JB, Bream JH, Nilles TL, Li H, Langan SJ, Deng S, Wang R, Wada N, Leng SX. Relationship Between T-Cell Responses to CMV, Markers of Inflammation, and Frailty in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Infect Dis 2019. [PMID: 29529309 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both aging and treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected populations exhibit low-level chronic immune activation of unknown etiology, which correlates with morbidity and mortality. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common in both populations, but its relation to immune activation is unknown. Methods T cells from men who have sex with men (22 virologically suppressed HIV+, 20 HIV-) were stimulated with peptides spanning 19 CMV open reading frames, and intracellular cytokine responses were assessed. Soluble and cellular inflammatory markers were assessed by multiplex electrochemiluminescence and flow cytometry, respectively. Frailty was assessed by the Fried criteria. Results All men had responses to CMV. Proportions of CMV-responsive T cells correlated strongly (r ≥ 0.6 or ≤ -0.6; P < .05) with immunologic markers, depending on donor HIV and frailty status. Markers significantly correlated in some groups after adjustment for multiple comparisons included interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and several chemokines in serum, and the proportion of activated T cells. The magnitude of the CD4 IL-2 response significantly predicted onset of frailty in HIV- nonfrail men, but not in HIV+ nonfrail men. Conclusions T-cell responses to CMV may strongly influence chronic immune activation in HIV-uninfected and virologically suppressed HIV-infected men, and may predict frailty in HIV-uninfected men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Margolick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryl
| | - Jay H Bream
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryl
| | - Tricia L Nilles
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryl
| | - Huifen Li
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryl
| | - Susan J Langan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryl
| | - Shane Deng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryl
| | - Ruibin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nikolas Wada
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sean X Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryl
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6
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Eschbaumer M, Stenfeldt C, Rekant SI, Pacheco JM, Hartwig EJ, Smoliga GR, Kenney MA, Golde WT, Rodriguez LL, Arzt J. Systemic immune response and virus persistence after foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of naïve cattle and cattle vaccinated with a homologous adenovirus-vectored vaccine. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:205. [PMID: 27634113 PMCID: PMC5025598 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In order to investigate host factors associated with the establishment of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection, the systemic response to vaccination and challenge was studied in 47 steers. Eighteen steers that had received a recombinant FMDV A vaccine 2 weeks earlier and 29 non-vaccinated steers were challenged by intra-nasopharyngeal deposition of FMDV A24. For up to 35 days after challenge, host factors including complete blood counts with T lymphocyte subsets, type I/III interferon (IFN) activity, neutralizing and total FMDV-specific antibody titers in serum, as well as antibody-secreting cells (in 6 non-vaccinated animals) were characterized in the context of viral infection dynamics. Results Vaccination generally induced a strong antibody response. There was a transient peak of FMDV-specific serum IgM in non-vaccinated animals after challenge, while IgM levels in vaccinated animals did not increase further. Both groups had a lasting increase of specific IgG and neutralizing antibody after challenge. Substantial systemic IFN activity in non-vaccinated animals coincided with viremia, and no IFN or viremia was detected in vaccinated animals. After challenge, circulating lymphocytes decreased in non-vaccinated animals, coincident with viremia, IFN activity, and clinical disease, whereas lymphocyte and monocyte counts in vaccinated animals were unaffected by vaccination but transiently increased after challenge. The CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio in non-vaccinated animals increased during acute infection, driven by an absolute decrease of CD8+ cells. Conclusions The incidence of FMDV persistence was 61.5 % in non-vaccinated and 54.5 % in vaccinated animals. Overall, the systemic factors examined were not associated with the FMDV carrier/non-carrier divergence; however, significant differences were identified between responses of non-vaccinated and vaccinated cattle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0838-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eschbaumer
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Steven I Rekant
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Juan M Pacheco
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA
| | - Ethan J Hartwig
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA
| | - George R Smoliga
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA
| | - Mary A Kenney
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA
| | - William T Golde
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA.
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Wang L, Zhang YZ, Choquette S, Gaigalas AK. Measurement of Microsphere Concentration Using a Flow Cytometer with Volumetric Sample Delivery. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 119:629-43. [PMID: 26601048 PMCID: PMC4487291 DOI: 10.6028/jres.119.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microsphere concentrations are needed to assign equivalent reference fluorophores (ERF) units to microspheres used in quantitative flow cytometry. A flow cytometer with a syringe based sample delivery system was evaluated for the measurement of the concentration of microspheres contained in a vial of lyophilized microspheres certified by BD Biosciences to contain 50,600 microspheres. The concentration was measured by counting the number of microspheres contained in the volume delivered by the flow cytometer and dividing the number by the volume. The syringe volume was calibrated both in the delivery and draw modes, and the results of the volume calibration were summarized by two calibration lines. The delivered volume was obtained by dividing the number of recorded events by the concentration of microsphere count standard in the sample tube. The draw volume was obtained by weighting the sample tube before and after the draw. The slope of the draw volume calibration line was equal to 1.00 with an offset of -13 µL. The slope of the delivered volume calibration was 0.93 suggesting a systematic volume-dependent bias, which can be rationalized as an effect of suspension flow in capillaries. When the sample volume was set to values between 150 µL and 300 µL, both calibration curves gave similar results suggesting that a good estimate of the true delivered volume can be obtained by subtracting 13 µL from the delivered volume indicated by the syringe settings. The number of microspheres in the volume was obtained by passing the suspension contained in the volume through a laser beam and counting the number of events in which the signals from the scattering and fluorescence detectors exceeded threshold values. Measurements were performed with the lyophilized microspheres made by BD Biosciences and fluorescein microspheres (expired reference material RM 8640) in three buffers: a phosphate buffer saline (PBS), a buffer containing PBS and 0.05 % BSA (bovine serum albumin) by mass, and a buffer containing PBS and 0.05 % TWEEN 20 detergent solution (P1379 Sigma-Aldrich) by mass. It was found that the concentration of count standard was significantly higher in the PBS+BSA buffer relative to the value obtained in PBS buffer. Values for PBS+0.05 % TWEEN 20 buffer were intermediate. The effect of buffer on the measured microsphere concentration was reported previously. The suggested procedure for the measurement of the concentration of microspheres with the flow cytometer is to use PBS+0.05 % BSA buffer, accumulate data for a delivered volume of 150 µL to 300 µL, and reduce the indicated delivered volume by 13 µL when performing the concentration calculation. The procedure was tested on a mixture of lyophilized microspheres and RM 8640 microspheres. The resulting lyophilized microsphere concentration was consistent with the certified value. The RM 8640 concentration determined using the suggested procedure was consistent with the concentration value determined using the relative method with the lyophilized microspheres as the reference. The uncertainties, obtained from one standard deviation of repeated measurements, were about 4 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
- Life Technologies Corp., Eugene, OR 97402
| | - Steven Choquette
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - AK Gaigalas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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8
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Bainbridge J, Wilkening CL, Rountree W, Louzao R, Wong J, Perza N, Garcia A, Denny TN. The Immunology Quality Assessment Proficiency Testing Program for CD3⁺4⁺ and CD3⁺8⁺ lymphocyte subsets: a ten year review via longitudinal mixed effects modeling. J Immunol Methods 2014; 409:82-90. [PMID: 24911327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since 1999, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division of AIDS (NIAID DAIDS) has funded the Immunology Quality Assessment (IQA) Program with the goal of assessing proficiency in basic lymphocyte subset immunophenotyping for each North American laboratory supporting the NIAID DAIDS HIV clinical trial networks. Further, the purpose of this program is to facilitate an increase in the consistency of interlaboratory T-cell subset measurement (CD3(+)4(+)/CD3(+)8(+) percentages and absolute counts) and likewise, a decrease in intralaboratory variability. IQA T-cell subset measurement proficiency testing was performed over a ten-year period (January 2003-July 2012), and the results were analyzed via longitudinal analysis using mixed effects models. The goal of this analysis was to describe how a typical laboratory (a statistical modeling construct) participating in the IQA Program performed over time. Specifically, these models were utilized to examine trends in interlaboratory agreement, as well as successful passing of proficiency testing. Intralaboratory variability (i.e., precision) was determined by the repeated measures variance, while fixed and random effects were taken into account for changes in interlaboratory agreement (i.e., accuracy) over time. A flow cytometer (single-platform technology, SPT) or a flow cytometer/hematology analyzer (dual-platform technology, DPT) was also examined as a factor for accuracy and precision. The principal finding of this analysis was a significant (p<0.001) increase in accuracy of T-cell subset measurements over time, regardless of technology type (SPT or DPT). Greater precision was found in SPT measurements of all T-cell subset measurements (p<0.001), as well as greater accuracy of SPT on CD3(+)4(+)% and CD3(+)8(+)% assessments (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). However, the interlaboratory random effects variance in DPT results indicates that for some cases DPT can have increased accuracy compared to SPT. Overall, these findings demonstrate that proficiency in and among IQA laboratories have, in general, improved over time and that platform type differences in performance do exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bainbridge
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C L Wilkening
- Statistical Analysis and Data Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R Louzao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - J Wong
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - N Perza
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Garcia
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - T N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Ma C, Cheung AF, Chodon T, Koya RC, Wu Z, Ng C, Avramis E, Cochran AJ, Witte ON, Baltimore D, Chmielowski B, Economou JS, Comin-Anduix B, Ribas A, Heath JR. Multifunctional T-cell analyses to study response and progression in adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:418-29. [PMID: 23519018 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of genetically engineered T cells expressing cancer-specific T-cell receptors (TCR) is a promising cancer treatment. Here, we investigate the in vivo functional activity and dynamics of the transferred cells by analyzing samples from 3 representative patients with melanoma enrolled in a clinical trial of ACT with TCR transgenic T cells targeted against the melanosomal antigen MART-1. The analyses included evaluating 19 secreted proteins from individual cells from phenotypically defined T-cell subpopulations, as well as the enumeration of T cells with TCR antigen specificity for 36 melanoma antigens. These analyses revealed the coordinated functional dynamics of the adoptively transferred, as well as endogenous, T cells, and the importance of highly functional T cells in dominating the antitumor immune response. This study highlights the need to develop approaches to maintaining antitumor T-cell functionality with the aim of increasing the long-term efficacy of TCR-engineered ACT immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE A longitudinal functional study of adoptively transferred TCR–engineered lymphocytes yielded revealing snapshots for understanding the changes of antitumor responses over time in ACT immunotherapy of patients with advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, Division of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Value of a quality assessment program in optimizing cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a multicenter study. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:590-5. [PMID: 23408528 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00693-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) allows assays of cellular function and phenotype to be performed in batches at a later time on PBMC at a central laboratory to minimize assay variability. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) is an ongoing prospective study of the natural and treated history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that stores cryopreserved PBMC from participants two times a year at four study sites. In order to ensure consistent recovery of viable PBMC after cryopreservation, a quality assessment program was implemented and conducted in the MACS over a 6-year period. Every 4 months, recently cryopreserved PBMC from HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-uninfected participants at each MACS site were thawed and evaluated. The median recoveries of viable PBMC for HIV-1-infected and -uninfected participants were 80% and 83%, respectively. Thawed PBMC from both HIV-1-infected and -uninfected participants mounted a strong proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin, with median stimulation indices of 84 and 120, respectively. Expression of the lymphocyte surface markers CD3, CD4, and CD8 by thawed PBMC was virtually identical to what was observed on cells measured in real time using whole blood from the same participants. Furthermore, despite overall excellent performance of the four participating laboratories, problems were identified that intermittently compromised the quality of cryopreserved PBMC, which could be corrected and monitored for improvement over time. Ongoing quality assessment helps laboratories improve protocols and performance on a real-time basis to ensure optimal cryopreservation of PBMC for future studies.
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Peripheral blood CD4 T-cell and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) reactivity to herpes simplex virus 2 and pDC number do not correlate with the clinical or virologic severity of recurrent genital herpes. J Virol 2012; 86:9952-63. [PMID: 22761381 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00829-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes participate in the immune control of herpes simplex virus (HSV). Data from HIV coinfections, germ line mutations, and case reports suggest involvement of CD4 T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). We investigated the relationships between these cells and recurrent genital herpes disease severity in the general population. Circulating CD4 T-cell responses to HSV-2 were measured in specimens from 67 immunocompetent individuals with measured genital lesion and HSV shedding rates. Similarly, pDC number and functional responses to HSV-2 were analyzed in 40 persons. CD4 responses and pDC concentrations and responses ranged as much as 100-fold between persons while displaying moderate within-person consistency over time. No correlations were observed between these immune response parameters and genital HSV-2 severity. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection was not correlated with differences in HSV-2-specific CD4 T-cell responses. The CD4 T-cell response to HSV-2 was much more polyfunctional than was the response to CMV. These data suggest that other immune cell subsets with alternate phenotypes or anatomical locations may be responsible for genital herpes control in chronically infected individuals.
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Olteanu H, Schur BC, Harrington AM, Kroft SH. Time and temperature stability of T-cell subsets evaluated by a dual-platform method. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2012; 2:128-135. [PMID: 22762032 PMCID: PMC3384401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION T-cell subset enumeration in HIV patients is routinely performed for monitoring infection stage and response to antiretroviral therapy. Studies have examined the effect of specimen refrigeration and age for single-platform (SP) methods, but there is limited data for time and temperature requirements of dual-platform (DP) methods. METHODS Using a DP method, we analyzed peripheral blood (PB) from 52 HIV patients at room temperature (RT) at 24, 72, and 96 hours. PBs from 34 HIV patients had baseline RT analysis within 24 hours, and then were refrigerated and analyzed at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The coefficient of variation (CV) and residuals (changes in lymphocyte subsets) were recorded at each time point and compared to assess the precision and bias under the various conditions. Testing performance under different conditions was compared by linear regression. RESULTS Mean CV was ≤7.3% and median residuals were <30/μl for absolute CD4 and CD8 determinations. There was good correlation between baseline analysis data at RT and at various time points, both at RT and 4°C. CONCLUSIONS Our results are similar to those published for SP methods for aging or refrigerated specimens. The high level of agreement between measurements supports the robustness of this DP methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horatiu Olteanu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Steven H Kroft
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
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Maecker HT, McCoy JP, Nussenblatt R. Standardizing immunophenotyping for the Human Immunology Project. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:191-200. [PMID: 22343568 PMCID: PMC3409649 DOI: 10.1038/nri3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 735] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity in the healthy human immune system, and the immunological changes that portend various diseases, have been only partially described. Their comprehensive elucidation has been termed the 'Human Immunology Project'. The accurate measurement of variations in the human immune system requires precise and standardized assays to distinguish true biological changes from technical artefacts. Thus, to be successful, the Human Immunology Project will require standardized assays for immunophenotyping humans in health and disease. A major tool in this effort is flow cytometry, which remains highly variable with regard to sample handling, reagents, instrument setup and data analysis. In this Review, we outline the current state of standardization of flow cytometry assays and summarize the steps that are required to enable the Human Immunology Project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holden T Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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