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Gadaime NK, Haddadin RN, Shehabi AA, Omran IN. Antimicrobial resistance and carbapenemase dissemination in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Libyan hospitals: a call for surveillance and intervention. Libyan J Med 2024; 19:2344320. [PMID: 38643488 PMCID: PMC11034451 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2024.2344320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant bacterium capable of forming biofilms. This study aimed to assess resistance of clinical isolates from Libyan hospitals to antipseudomonal antibiotics, the prevalence of selected extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemase genes among these isolates, and the microorganisms' capacity for alginate and biofilm production. Forty-five isolates were collected from four hospitals in Benghazi and Derna, Libya. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using agar disc diffusion. The presence of resistance genes (blaCTXM, blaTEM, blaSHV-1, blaGES-1, blaKPC, and blaNDM) was screened using PCR. Biofilm formation was quantified via the crystal violet assay, while alginate production was measured spectrophotometrically. Resistance to antipseudomonal antibiotics ranged from 48.9% to 75.6%. The most prevalent resistance gene was blaNDM (26.7%), followed by blaGES-1 (17.8%). Moreover, all isolates demonstrated varying degrees of biofilm-forming ability and alginate production. No statistically significant correlation was found between biofilm formation and alginate production. The dissemination of resistant genes in P. aeruginosa, particularly carbapenemases, is of great concern. This issue is compounded by the bacteria's biofilm-forming capability. Urgent intervention and continuous surveillance are imperative to prevent further deterioration and the catastrophic spread of resistance among these formidable bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin K. Gadaime
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Lab Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology-Derna, National Board for technical and Vocational Education, Derna, Libya
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Ismail F, Haq S, Hasan TS, Juoda D, Abdelsameea E, El-Garawani I, Hathout HMR. Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Eastern Libya: Current Efforts for Overcoming Regional Barriers for Its Elimination. J Community Health 2024:10.1007/s10900-024-01339-4. [PMID: 38393652 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-024-01339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 2.2% of Libyans have chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and are at the highest risk of developing end-stage disease complications. Several resource-limited countries, including Libya, may be far from achieving the WHO goal of hepatitis B elimination by 2030 as a result of several testing and linkage to care (LTC) barriers. In Libya, data about the current HBV infection situation is scarce. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the trends of HBV in eastern Libya, Tobruk region, and try to identify the region-specific gaps and barriers that could potentially delay the WHO goal of HBV elimination. An eighteen-year retrospective review of records of the main district medical center in the region was done to estimate the trends of HBV infection and qualitative interviews with the clinical staff of the CHB registry in the region were conducted to investigate the current status of HBV management. Out of 392,952 records, 371 (0.09%) HBV-positive were recorded and declining trends of the infection were noticed over the study period. Until late 2019, there was no linkage to care or follow-up for people with HBV infection. However, a CHB registry was established in late 2019 to manage HBV infections in the region, yet there are several barriers such as the lack of diagnostic infrastructure for liver function assessment and antiviral treatment. Despite the significant decline observed in the occurrence of HBV infection and introduction of important HBV management steps such as establishment of the CHB registry, there are still several barriers that could delay the elimination of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tobruk, Tobruk, Libya.
- Blood Transmitted Diseases Department, National Centre for Disease Control, Tobruk, Libya.
- Infectious Diseases Department, Libyan Medical Research Centre, Kambut, Tobruk, Libya.
| | - Soghra Haq
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tobruk, Tobruk, Libya
| | - Tarik Salih Hasan
- Chronic Hepatitis B Registry Department, Liver Disease Centre, Tobruk, Libya
| | - Doaa Juoda
- Chronic Hepatitis B Registry Department, Liver Disease Centre, Tobruk, Libya
| | - Eman Abdelsameea
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Islam El-Garawani
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Heba M R Hathout
- Natural Resources Department, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Elamouri F, Rockstroh JK, Kratoo W, Miyahara Y, Pumpaibool T. HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes towards HIV and condom use among internally displaced Libyan males. Is there a need to implement sex education? HIV Res Clin Pract 2024; 25:2305554. [PMID: 38269546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Displacement has been associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission. In light of the lack of data from Libya on sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS knowledge, the effort was undertaken to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes towards HIV and condom use in Libyan internally displaced males (IDPs) in Tripoli. METHODS Cross-sectional study design using purposive sampling to identify internally displaced Libyan males from five camps in Tripoli. HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes towards HIV and condom use, and prevention practices were evaluated through a self-administered, close/ended anonymous questionnaire in Arabic. RESULTS The study population consisted of 390 participants, all Muslims, with a mean age of 32.81 years (SD = 8.93). Overall, the average HIV and prevention knowledge score was 6.34 (SD = 1.98). The majority of the respondents thereby had an insufficient or low knowledge' level of HIV and prevention knowledge (58.70%). The mean attitude score indicated overall a negative attitude towards condom use (Mean = 32.60, SD = 7.97). CONCLUSIONS This is the first biobehavioral survey among IDPs in Libya demonstrating a low level of HIV and prevention knowledge as well as a prevailing negative attitude level of HIV/AIDS and condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzi Elamouri
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Worapath Kratoo
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuka Miyahara
- Medical Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tepanata Pumpaibool
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ben-Mostafa KK, Savini G, Di Gennaro A, Teodori L, Leone A, Monaco F, Alaoqib MMA, Rayes AA, Dayhum A, Eldaghayes I. Evidence of West Nile Virus Circulation in Horses and Dogs in Libya. Pathogens 2023; 13:41. [PMID: 38251348 PMCID: PMC10820222 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a globally significant mosquito-borne Flavivirus that causes West Nile disease (WND). In Libya, evidence of WNV circulation has been reported in humans but never in animals. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of WNV infection in horses and dogs in Libya. In total, 574 and 63 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy, unvaccinated horses and dogs, respectively, between 2016 and 2019. A commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) kit was initially used to test the collected samples for the presence of WNV Ig-G antibodies. Positive and doubtful sera were also tested using a more specific virus neutralisation assay to confirm whether the ELISA-positive results were due to WNV or other Flavivirus antibodies. The seroprevalence of WNV IgG antibodies according to ELISA was 13.2% out of 574 of total horses' samples and 30.2% out of 63 of total dogs' samples. The virus neutralisation test (VNT) confirmed that 10.8% (62/574) and 27% (17/63) were positive for WNV-neutralising titres ranging from 1:10 to 1:640. Univariable analysis using chi-square tests was conducted to measure the statistical significance of the association between the hypothesized risk factors including city, sex, breed, and age group and were then analyzed using the subsequent multivariable logistic regression model for horse samples. Age group was found to be the only significant risk factor in this study. The results of the present study provide new evidence about WNV circulation in Libya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud Khalid Ben-Mostafa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13662, Libya
- National Center for Animal Health, Tripoli P.O. Box 83252, Libya
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Department of Virology and Tissue Culture, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Annapia Di Gennaro
- Department of Virology and Tissue Culture, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Liana Teodori
- Department of Virology and Tissue Culture, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Department of Virology and Tissue Culture, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Virology and Tissue Culture, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Mohammed Masoud A. Alaoqib
- Department of Internal and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Albaida P.O. Box 919, Libya
| | - Abdunnabi A. Rayes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13932, Libya
| | - Abdunaser Dayhum
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13662, Libya
| | - Ibrahim Eldaghayes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13662, Libya
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MUSTAFA ARIEJM, GRIFA DHIBAS, SHEBANI AFAF, ALHARABI SALAH, ALNAJJAR KHALID. Knowledge and awareness of autism spectrum disorder among Libyans. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2762. [PMID: 38259429 PMCID: PMC10801395 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2024.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the presence of delayed or defective development before the age of three years, as well as behavioral difficulties in social communication and interaction. To evaluate ASD knowledge and awareness, as well as ASD information sources in a sample of the Libyan general population, and to explore factors that could be associated with the knowledge and awareness. A cross-sectional study was carried out between 22 March and 13 August, 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire. The study included 2350 individual aged 18 and up from households living in different regions in Libya (eastern, southern, central, and western). Out of 2195 participants, 48.9% were females and 51.1% were males. Three-quarters of the participants (74.8%) presented a low level of knowledge about autism causes. Of those whose source of knowledge of autism was social media, 78.9% had a low level of knowledge. However, 57.9% of the participants showed a good level of awareness of autism symptoms and signs. The participants had a limited understanding of the causes and characteristics of ASD. Raising community awareness of the causes and characteristics of ASD is a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- ARIEJ M. MUSTAFA
- National Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Autistic Children
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center
| | - DHIBA S. GRIFA
- National Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Autistic Children
- Psychology and Education Department, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - AFAF SHEBANI
- National Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Autistic Children
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center
| | - SALAH ALHARABI
- National Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Autistic Children
| | - KHALID ALNAJJAR
- National Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Autistic Children
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Sawesi OK, Elbaz AK, Mahmoud AS, Duro EM, Alteab AA, Milad KK, Bennuor EM. Hematological reference values of horses in Western Libya and their relationship to breed, age, and management. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1696-1707. [PMID: 38292715 PMCID: PMC10824076 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i12.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hematological evaluation is an important step for health assessment in equine medicine. Besides biochemical tests, that evaluation could be pivotal for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. In Libya, the horse population has drastically increased in the last years, and hitherto, no report addressed the reference hematological values for the existing equine breeds. Aim This study aimed to establish the reference for hematological indices of traditional equestrian and stud-farm equine breeds in Western Libya in regard to some variables such as individual characteristics, management system, and rearing purpose. Methods Blood samples of 167 horses of Arabian, Thoroughbred, and local breeds were collected from an area covering a large part of Western Libya and complete blood counts of the samples were performed using a hematological auto-analyzer. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science software. Results Hematological reference indices were generated for the aforementioned equine breeds in Western Libya. The equine hematological profile was variable according to some individual and management factors. In addition, the significant effects of those factors were usually restricted to erythrocyte- and platelets (PLTs)-related indices. In terms of breed influence, Thoroughbreds had significantly lower erythrocyte counts of red blood cells (RBCs) compared to local horses (p = 0.04), and Arabian horses showed significantly higher PLT counts compared to Thoroughbreds and local horses; p = 0.00 and p = 0.03, respectively. Moreover, significantly lower values of hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), and PLT counts were noticed in young horses vis-à-vis significantly higher values of HCT, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and red cell distribution width in females. In regard to exercise, racing horses varied significantly from nonracing horses in monocyte percentage (p = 0.04), RBC (p = 0.00), HGB (p = 0.00), HCT (p = 0.00), MCV (p = 0.00), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (p = 0.00). Diet supplementation also influenced the equine erythrocyte-related indices, as horses offered supplemented diet had significantly higher RBC (p = 0.00), HGB (p = 0.00), HCT (p = 0.00), MCV (p = 0.00), and MCH (p = 0.00), comparing to those served nonsupplemented diet. Conclusion This study provided the first reference values of the equine hematological profile in Western Libya. In addition, the age, breed, exercise, and diet supplementation had variable impacts on hematological equine indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama K. Sawesi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Abdulkareem K. Elbaz
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Abdusalam S. Mahmoud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Enass M. Duro
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Abdulnassar A. Alteab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Khaled K. Milad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
- Sebaq Veterinary Clinic, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Emad M. Bennuor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Khashebi RM, Patterson CC, Shebani MS. The Incidence Trend of Type 1 Diabetes among Children and Adolescents 0-14 Years of Age in the West, South, and Tripoli Regions of Libya (2009-2018). J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2023; 15:356-364. [PMID: 37218134 PMCID: PMC10683548 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2023-1-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the incidence rates (IR) and analyse the trend in type 1 diabetes (T1D) among children aged 0-14 years in the West, South, and Tripoli regions of Libya. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on Libyan children aged 0-14 years with a new diagnosis of T1D who were admitted and/or had their follow-up at Tripoli Children’s Hospital during the period 2004 to 2018. The data were used to estimate the IR and the age-standardized IR per 100,000 population in the studied region for the years 2009-2018. The IRs by sex and age group (0-4, 5-9, 10-14 years) for every calendar year were assessed. Results A total of 1,213 children were diagnosed during the study period (2004-2018), 49.1% were males with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.03. The mean age (±standard deviation) at diagnosis was 6.3±3.8 years. The distribution of incident cases according to age group 0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years was 38.2%, 37.8%, and 24.1%, respectively. Poisson regression modelling in the period 2009-2018 revealed an overall trend of a 2.1% increase per annum. In the period 2014-2018, the overall age-adjusted IR was 31.7 (95% confidence interval: 29.2-34.2) per 100,000 population, the IRs of age groups 0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years were 36.0, 37.4, and 21.6 per 100,000, respectively. Conclusion The incidence of T1D in Libyan children in the West, South, and Tripoli regions appears to be rising, with a higher rate in the 0-4 and 5-9 year age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowida M. Khashebi
- Tripoli Children’s Hospital, Tripoli, Libya
- University of Tripoli Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | - Mostafa S. Shebani
- Tripoli Children’s Hospital, Tripoli, Libya
- University of Tripoli Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tripoli, Libya
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Abusrer SA, Shtewi HH. Morphological and histological structure of hepatopancreas in rock goby Gobius paganellus on the western coast of Libya. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1251-1258. [PMID: 38027410 PMCID: PMC10658020 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i10.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rock goby, Gobius paganellus, is not a commercial species. This species has an essential role in the coastal ecosystem as a biological indicator. Therefore, it has been selected as the study's model species. Aim Due to the insufficient studies that have described the hepatopancreas of G. paganellus, this study aimed to provide information on the anatomical and histological structure of the hepatopancreas of the alimentary canal of this species on the western coast of Libya. Methods Fifty mature G. paganellus specimens were collected from the northwest of Libya (Tajoura, Jodaem, and Farwa Island). Total length and total weight of the samples were measured and performed by using gross anatomy and histology. Then, the histological sections (3-5 µm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). Results Morphologically, the liver has a large pyriform lobe. The dorsal surface of the liver is shiny and smooth, and the ventral surface contains shallow sulci; each sulus has a large blood vessel. Histologically, the liver is wrapped with a thin capsule of fibro-connective tissue. The hepatic parenchyma is made of hepatocytes with blood sinusoids. The hepatocytes are polygonal-shaped cells and have no hepatic lobules or portal triads. Melano-macrophage centers are distributed next to the blood vessels and bile ducts. The bile ducts are lined by columnar epithelial cells. The exocrine pancreatic tissue was observed in the liver parenchyma, and it consists of acini that are composed of pyramidal cells and contain zymogen granules. Conclusion The liver of this species has both pancreatic and liver tissue, which was discovered in this investigation for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Aribe Abusrer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Hanan Husain Shtewi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Abdulla SA, Elawamy HA, Mohamed NAE, Abduallah EH, Amshahar HAA, Abuzaeid NK, Eisa MAM, Osman MEM, Konozy EHE. Association of ABO blood types and clinical variables with COVID-19 infection severity in Libya. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231187736. [PMID: 37489137 PMCID: PMC10363681 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231187736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The continuing COVID-19 pandemic is a coronavirus-related health emergency (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Inadequate efforts are still being made to address the illness situation in Libya, and this must change. To address these issues, we looked into the demography and trend of the disease as well as the potential risk factors for infection. Methods This study is a retrospective case-control study conducted online among 616 COVID-19 patients. The p0.05 value, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and analyzed from the drawn data. Results Males were at high risk of COVID-19 than females (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.042-1.622; p = 0.02). Anosmia and ageusia were more prominent in females. Patients with an "AB" blood group are significantly susceptible to infection. Adults (31 and above) are highly liable to infection. The univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking is a risk factor for those above 60 years (odds ratio = 2.228, 95% confidence interval: 1.145-4.336; p = 0.018). Individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes and/or hypertension are more prone to COVID-19 (odds ratio = 10.045, 95% confidence interval: 3.078-32.794; p = 0.000 and odds ratio = 11.508, 95% confidence interval: 3.930-33.695; p = 0.000, respectively). Conclusion This study provided for the first time the demographic data and the trend of COVID-19 infection in Libya, which will assist the stakeholders and governmental bodies in planning protection strategies against the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Abdulla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | | | - Negia AE Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Enas H Abduallah
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tobruk, Tobruk, Libya
| | - Habsa AA Amshahar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sirte University, Sirte, Libya
| | - Nadir K Abuzaeid
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory of Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed AM Eisa
- Department of Physiology, Al Qunfudah Medical College, Umm Al Qura University, Al Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Makarim Elfadil M Osman
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Glycoproteins, Biotechnology Park, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Emadeldin Hassan E Konozy
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Glycoproteins, Biotechnology Park, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karary University, Omdurman, Khartoum State, Sudan
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Keshlaf MM, Mirwan HB, Ghana S, Mubrok S, Shaibi T. Prevalence of Varroa mites ( Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman) and bee lice ( Bruala coeca Nitzsch) in honey bee ( Apis mellifera L.) colonies in Libya. Open Vet J 2023; 13:834-838. [PMID: 37614726 PMCID: PMC10443830 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i7.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary key pest affecting the apiculture business in many areas of the globe is the ecto parasite Varroa mite (Varroa destructor), recently, bee lice have become a considerable bee pest. Aim In this study, the ecto parasites that infest honey bees, were investigated during the spring of 2013. Methods A total of 66 apiaries were investigated from different geographical regions in Libya: 34 apiaries from the southern region, 21 apiaries from the north-eastern region, and 11 apiaries from the north-western region. Three bee colonies were randomly chosen from each apiary (316 colonies). From each colony, 300 worker bees were taken as samples, put in container filled with 100 ml of alcohol, and transported to the Honey bee Laboratory-Plant Protection Department at the University of Tripoli's. The parasites were separated from the bees and identified, and the infestation rates were calculated. Results The study of the parasite distribution clearly showed that Varroa mites were present in all regions. However, the degree of mite density varies not only between apiaries but also between colonies in the same apiary, while the bee louse, Barulla coeca, was detected in 23.1% and 5.8% of apiaries in the western region and southern region of Libya, respectively. On the other hand, all the inspected apiaries in the northern region were not infested. Conclusion Lack of knowledge about honey bee parasites, poor management practices, and the lack of proper distance between hives of migrated apiaries have been attributed as the possible reason for the spread of these two parasites, especially the Varroa mites in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan M. Keshlaf
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Hamida B. Mirwan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Salah Ghana
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Salem Mubrok
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Taher Shaibi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Slimene K, Ali AA, Mohamed EA, El Salabi A, Suliman FS, Elbadri AA, El-fertas FF, El-awjly A, Shokri SA, Rolain JM, Chouchani C. Isolation of Carbapenem and Colistin Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Colonizing Immunocompromised SARS-CoV-2 Patients Admitted to Some Libyan Hospitals. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0297222. [PMID: 37042782 PMCID: PMC10269485 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02972-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a devastating effect, globally. We describe, for the first time, the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria colonizing SARS-CoV-2 patients who developed hospital-associated infections with carbapenemase-producing, Gram-negative bacteria at some isolation centers of SARS-CoV-2 in the eastern part of Libya. In total, at first, 109 samples were collected from 43 patients, with the samples being recovered from oral (n = 35), nasal (n = 45), and rectal (n = 29) cavities. Strain identification was performed via matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on Mueller-Hinton agar, using the standard disk diffusion method. MIC determination was confirmed via E-TEST and microdilution standard methods. A molecular study was carried out to characterize the carbapenem and colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacterial strains. All of the positive results were confirmed via sequencing. Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 32), Citrobacter freundii (n = 21), Escherichia coli (n = 7), and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 21) were the predominant isolated bacteria. Gram-negative isolates were multidrug-resistant and carried different carbapenem resistance-associated genes, including NDM-1 (56/119; 47.05%), OXA-48 (15/119; 12.60%), OXA-23 (19/119; 15.96%), VIM (10/119; 8.40%), and the colistin resistance mobile gene mcr-1 (4/119; 3.36%). The overuse of antimicrobials, particularly carbapenem antibiotics, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, mainly K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and colistin-resistant E. coli strains. Increased surveillance as well as the rational use of carbapenem antibiotics and, recently, colistin are required to reduce the propagation of multidrug-resistant strains and to optimally maintain the efficacy of these antibiotics. IMPORTANCE In this work, we describe, for the first time, the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria colonizing COVID-19 patients who developed hospital-associated infections with carbapenemase-producing, Gram-negative bacteria at some isolation centers of COVID-19 in the eastern part of Libya. Our results confirmed that the overuse of antimicrobials, such as carbapenem antibiotics, during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, mainly K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii, as well as colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Slimene
- Université Aix-Marseille, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille Cedex 05, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille Cedex 05, France
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2098 El-Manar II, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
- Laboratoire de Recherche des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement de Borj-Cedria, BP-1003, Hammam-Lif 2050, Université de Carthage, Tunisie
- Unité de Service en Commun pour la Recherche Plateforme Génomique Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement de Borj-Cedria, BP-1003, Hammam-Lif 2050, Université de Carthage, Tunisie
| | - Asrra A. Ali
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Elhussan A. Mohamed
- Department of Community Medicine, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beyda, Libya
| | - Allaaeddin El Salabi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Faraj S. Suliman
- Department of Community Medicine, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beyda, Libya
- Almansoura Isolation Department of COVID-19 Patients, Shahat Teaching Hospital for Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Shahat, Libya
| | - Agela A. Elbadri
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
- Alhawari Hospital, Benghazi, Libya
| | | | - Ahmed El-awjly
- Sterilization Service Department, Benghazi Medical Center, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Salah A. Shokri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Université Aix-Marseille, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille Cedex 05, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Chedly Chouchani
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2098 El-Manar II, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
- Laboratoire de Recherche des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement de Borj-Cedria, BP-1003, Hammam-Lif 2050, Université de Carthage, Tunisie
- Unité de Service en Commun pour la Recherche Plateforme Génomique Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement de Borj-Cedria, BP-1003, Hammam-Lif 2050, Université de Carthage, Tunisie
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Makhlouf SM, Ahmed S, Mulvey M, Bennett MI. Attitudes, Knowledge, and Perceived Barriers Towards Cancer Pain Management Among Healthcare Professionals in Libya: a National Multicenter Survey. J Cancer Educ 2023; 38:789-797. [PMID: 35650378 PMCID: PMC10235140 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-022-02185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer pain presents in approximately 66% of patients in advanced stages. Although several guidelines and pharmacological options are available for cancer pain management (CPM), assessment and treatment of cancer pain remain inadequate globally, particularly in developing countries. Lack of knowledge and negative attitudes towards CPM among healthcare professionals (HCPs) are important barriers to CPM. This survey aimed to evaluate nurses' and physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and potential barriers regarding CPM in Libya. This cross-sectional survey involved a convenience sample of 152 oncology nurses and physicians working in six oncology settings in Libya. The response rate was 76%. The Barriers Questionnaire II (BQ-II) was used for data collection (higher scores signify greater attitudinal barriers and poorer knowledge). Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26 software. An independent t-test (unadjusted estimate) indicated that Libyan nurses showed higher mean barrier scores (mean = 3.8, SD = 0.7) to CPM than physicians (mean = 2.9, SD = 0.8), p < 0.001. The six most common differences in attitudinal barriers between nurses and physicians were "opioid side effects," "poor tolerance," "strong patient endures pain," "distract the physician," "drug addiction," and "opioids impair immune function," p < 0.001. Multiple regression results (adjusted estimate) indicated that nurses had more barrier scores to CPM than physicians (B = - 0.530, p < 0.05), and participants with higher educational levels were associated with lower barrier scores to CPM (B = - 0.641, p < 0.05). Our results suggest that Libyan oncology HCPs hold perceived barriers, lack of knowledge, and negative attitudes towards CPM. Professional education and training in CPM, addressing phobia and myths on opioid usage, and the benefits and complications of using opioids are likely to result in reduced barriers to CPM in Libya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim M Makhlouf
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Level 10 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK.
| | - Shenaz Ahmed
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Level 10 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - Matthew Mulvey
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Level 10 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - Michael I Bennett
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Level 10 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
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Ghazy RM, Sallam M, Abdullah FSA, Hussein M, Hussein MF. The Effect of Combining the COVID-19 Vaccine with the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine on Reducing COVID-19 Vaccine Rejection Among Libyans. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:292-302. [PMID: 37171545 PMCID: PMC10176301 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine coverage remains low in Libya compared to other countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This study aimed to evaluate the willingness of the general public in Libya to receive COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the potential effect of combining the two vaccines to reduce COVID-19 vaccine rejection. METHODS An anonymous nationwide online cross-sectional survey was carried out from 1st September to 16th October 2022. Libyans aged 18 years or older were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling approaches. The participants were surveyed for sociodemographic information, health status, and vaccination attitude towards COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines. RESULTS A total of 2484 participants formed the final study sample: 68.7% were females, 39.4% were aged 18-25 years, 50.4% were single, 32.5% had previous COVID-19 infection, and 47.2% experienced COVID-19 death among relatives. Three-fourths of the respondents showed COVID-19 vaccine rejection: 57.3% did not receive COVID-19 vaccination, 10.1% would not complete the primary vaccination series, and 7.8% refused booster doses. About 55.0% rejected seasonal influenza vaccination, while 1.9% reported influenza vaccine uptake and 21.2% were willing to get the influenza vaccine for the first time. Additionally, 18.8% had already received influenza vaccination in the last year and intended to get the vaccine this season, while 3.3% were unwilling to get influenza vaccination this year despite receiving it in the last influenza season. Age, sex, and occupation were significantly associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccine rejection. Rejection of COVID-19 vaccination decreased if its combination with influenza vaccine as a single dose was suggested, with 28.2% of the COVID-19 vaccine rejector group accepting the combined vaccine as it would be safer (50.9%), needing fewer injections (24.0%), would be more effective (19.1%), and would be less expensive (3%). Approximately 73.0% of the COVID-19 vaccine rejector group refused this combination due to fear of side effects (48.7%), absence of published studies on this combination (29.8%), and considering this combination as useless (11.2%). CONCLUSION In Libya, the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine rejection was high, while the rejection of seasonal influenza vaccination was relatively lower. If influenza and COVID-19 vaccines are administered simultaneously as a single injection, this may reduce the rejection of the COVID-19 vaccine due to better-perceived vaccine safety and efficacy besides being more convenient in terms of the number of injections and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561 Egypt
| | - Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942 Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, 11942 Jordan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Mai Hussein
- Clinical Research Administration, Alexandria Directorate of Health Affairs, Alexandria, Egypt
- Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fakhry Hussein
- Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561 Egypt
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Agha ASK, Benlashehr I, Naffati KM, Bshina SA, Khashkhosha AA. Correlation of avian influenza-H9N2 with high mortality in broiler flocks in the southwest of Tripoli, Libya. Open Vet J 2023; 13:715-722. [PMID: 37545701 PMCID: PMC10399647 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i6.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low pathogenic H9N2 avian influenza (LPAI H9N2) caused by the influenza A virus which belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. It caused mild respiratory symptoms and a drop in egg production in poultry. Outbreaks of AI-H9N2 have occurred in poultry since the 1990s in many countries in USA, Europe, and Asia. Recently, outbreaks of H9N2 in commercial chicken were recorded in Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. Furthermore, numerous studies demonstrated that co-infection with AI H9N2 and other pathogens results in severe respiratory illness with high mortality in broiler chickens. Outbreaks of respiratory disease with variations in mortality rate were recorded in broiler flocks growing in the southwest of Tripoli in Libya. Aim The present study was conducted to explain the variation of mortality rate on broiler flocks growing in the southwest area of Tripoli by detection of AI H9N2 antibodies and antigens. Methods A total of 453 sera samples, 60 tracheal swabs, and 60 cloacal swabs were collected from unvaccinated broiler flocks against avian influenza. Specific avian influenza type A antibodies were detected by using the Elisa test, and specific AI-H9N2 antibodies were detected by using the HI test, whereas specific AI-H9N2 antigens were detected in tracheal and cloacal swabs by using One-Step RT-PCR (M gene) technique. Results Respiratory diseases with high variations in mortality rate were recorded in broiler flocks growing in the southwest of Tripoli in Libya; the broiler mortality rate in Twisha farms was higher than other farms (62.2% and 11%, respectively). Whereas avian influenza type A antibodies were detected at a high level in Twisha and other farms (95.2%, and 76.7%, respectively). The positive samples for AI type A were tested for AI H9N2 using the HI test. Interestingly the percentage of AI-H9N2 antibodies was quite similar in high and low mortality regions (53.4% and 46.8%, respectively). Additionally, AI-H9N2 antigens were detected only in tracheal swabs in Twisha farm 3, Al-Maamoura, and Ber Al-Tota districts. Conclusion This study confirmed the endemic of AI- H9N2 in broiler flocks in the southwest of Tripoli-Libya. Also, it clarified that AI-H9N2 was not responsible for the high mortality rate by itself in broiler flocks. Moreover, this study supported the presence of other subtypes of avian influenza in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imad Benlashehr
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Libya
| | | | - Salah Abdulhadi Bshina
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azzaytuna University, Tarhuna, Libya
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Slimene K, Salabi AE, Dziri O, Mathlouthi N, Diene SM, Mohamed EA, Amhalhal JMA, Aboalgasem MO, Alrjael JF, Rolain JM, Chouchani C. Epidemiology, Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from a Libyan Hospital. Microb Drug Resist 2023. [PMID: 37145891 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance, particularly resistance to carbapenems, has become one of the major threats to public health. Seventy-two isolates were collected from patients and hospital environment of Ibn Sina Hospital, Sirte, Libya. Antibiotic susceptibility tests, using the disc diffusion method and E-Test strips, were performed to select carbapenem-resistant strains. The colistin (CT) resistance was also tested by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). RT-PCR was conducted to identify the presence of carbapenemase encoding genes and plasmid-mediated mcr CT resistance genes. Standard PCR was performed for positive RT-PCR and the chromosome-mediated CT resistance genes (mgrB, pmrA, pmrB, phoP, phoQ). Gram-negative bacteria showed a low susceptibility to carbapenems. Molecular investigations indicated that the metallo-β-lactamase New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases-1 was the most prevalent (n = 13), followed by Verona integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM) enzyme (VIM-2 [n = 6], VIM-1 [n = 1], and VIM-4 [n = 1]) that mainly detected among Pseudomonas spp. The oxacillinase enzyme OXA-23 was detected among six Acinetobacter baumannii, and OXA-48 was detected among one Citrobacter freundii and three Klebsiella pneumoniae, in which one coharbored the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase enzyme and showed resistance to CT (MIC = 64 μg/mL) by modification in pmrB genes. In this study, we report for the first time the emergence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying the blaNDM-1 gene and belonging to sequence type773 in Libya. Our study reported also for the first time CT resistance by mutation in the pmrB gene among Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Libya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Slimene
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille Cedex 05, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille Cedex 05, France
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
- Laboratoire de Recherche des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
- Unité de Service en Commun Pour la Recherche « Plateforme Génomique » Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Allaaeddin El Salabi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Olfa Dziri
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
- Laboratoire de Recherche des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
- Unité de Service en Commun Pour la Recherche « Plateforme Génomique » Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Najla Mathlouthi
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
- Laboratoire de Recherche des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
- Unité de Service en Commun Pour la Recherche « Plateforme Génomique » Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Seydina M Diene
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille Cedex 05, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Jadalla M A Amhalhal
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Sirte University, Sirte, Libya
- ICU Department, Ibn Sina Hospital, Sirte, Libya
| | - Mohammed O Aboalgasem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sirte, Sirte, Libya
- Infection Prevention and Patient Safety Office, Ibn Sina Hospital, Sirte, Libya
| | - Jomaa F Alrjael
- ICU Department, Ibn Sina Hospital, Sirte, Libya
- Department of Anesthesia, Ibn Sina Hospital, Sirte, Libya
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille Cedex 05, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Chedly Chouchani
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
- Laboratoire de Recherche des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
- Unité de Service en Commun Pour la Recherche « Plateforme Génomique » Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
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Etayeb K, Galidana A, Berbash A, Eisa A, Al-kordi A, Al-Helali E, Abuhajar M, Alswyeb A, Abdulqader H, Azabi N, Ghriba N, Deryaq S, Algnaien A, Buirzayqah S, Buijlayyil M, Bujazlya M, Hamhoom A, Hamza A, Sharif E, Dayhum A, Kammon A, Eldaghayes I. Results of the eighteenth winter waterbird census in Libya in 2022. Open Vet J 2023; 13:407-418. [PMID: 37251270 PMCID: PMC10219821 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Libyan wetlands are diverse; the coastline of Libya, in particular, has different kinds of wetlands, such as salt marshes, bays, lakes, lagoons, and islands. These varieties in habitats provide good shelters and foraging sites for migratory birds during their journeys between Eurasia and Africa. Since the beginning of the Libyan winter census of waterbirds International waterbirds census (Libya IWC) in 2005, which continued regularly until 2012, it has had relatively the same performance in the number of covered sites. However, since 2013, due to the security situation that Libya has experienced due to wars and conflict, which negatively affected the quality of the IWC in Libya, the number of sites has dramatically decreased, reaching only six locations during the middle of the previous decade. Aim The IWC 2022 aimed to count the birds along the Libyan coast from January 10 to 29. Methods The census activities were conducted from dawn to dusk during the study period by using high-quality Telescopes, binoculars, and digital cameras for the documentation. Point transects method was used to cover the sites. Results The results of this year showed that a total of 64 sites were covered, and 68 species of waterbirds were counted, with an abundance of 61,850 individuals. During the census period, a total of 52 non-waterbird species found in Wetlands were recorded, and the number of individuals was 14,836 birds. A total of 18 threatened species were observed during this survey, 12 of them are mentioned in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, and nine species are mentioned in the regional activities center of specially protected areas annex II as threatened in the Mediterranean, where the species; Larus audouinii (Payraudeau, 1826), Larus genei (Breme, 1839), and Puffinus yelkouan (Acerbi, 1827) are mentioned in both of them. Conclusion The lack of the number of ornithologists and bird watchers is still one of the factors affecting the quality of the IWC in Libya, as well as lack of funding remains an important factor that plays a major role in the success of the waterbirds census.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Etayeb
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
- Libyan Society for Birds (LSB), Libya
- National Research Center for Tropical and Transboundary Diseases (NRCTTD), Zintan, Libya
| | | | - Ali Berbash
- Libyan Society for Birds (LSB), Libya
- Ministry of Environment, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hussien Abdulqader
- Ministry of Environment, Tripoli, Libya
- Libyan Organization for Conservation of Nature, Misrata, Libya
| | - Naders Azabi
- Bisida Society for Conservation of Farwa Island and Lagoon, Zwara, Libya
| | - Nader Ghriba
- Bisida Society for Conservation of Farwa Island and Lagoon, Zwara, Libya
| | - Saleh Deryaq
- Ministry of Environment, Tripoli, Libya
- Amwaje Society for Environment Conservation, Libya
| | | | - Saleh Buirzayqah
- Alhaya Organization for Protection of Wildlife and Marine Organisms, Libya
| | - Murad Buijlayyil
- Alhaya Organization for Protection of Wildlife and Marine Organisms, Libya
| | | | - Abdulmajid Hamhoom
- National Research Center for Tropical and Transboundary Diseases (NRCTTD), Zintan, Libya
| | - Abdulmoula Hamza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ehab Sharif
- National Research Center for Tropical and Transboundary Diseases (NRCTTD), Zintan, Libya
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Abdunaser Dayhum
- National Research Center for Tropical and Transboundary Diseases (NRCTTD), Zintan, Libya
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Abdulwahab Kammon
- National Research Center for Tropical and Transboundary Diseases (NRCTTD), Zintan, Libya
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ibrahim Eldaghayes
- National Research Center for Tropical and Transboundary Diseases (NRCTTD), Zintan, Libya
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Al-Shami HA, Abubakar U, Hussein MSE, Hussin HFA, Al-Shami SA. Awareness, practices and perceptions of community pharmacists towards antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship in Libya: a cross-sectional study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:46. [PMID: 36945072 PMCID: PMC10028782 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacists play a vital role in promoting appropriate use of antibiotics in the community. This study evaluated the practices and perceptions of community pharmacists towards antibiotic use, antibiotic resistance, and antimicrobial stewardship in Libya. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists in Libya using a 47-item validated, pre-tested online questionnaire. Data was collected from December 2021 to February 2022 and was analysed using descriptive and inferential analyses. RESULTS Of the 114 questionnaires included in the analysis, 54.4% were females, 78.1% had < 10 year working experience (78.1%), and 81.6% had a Bachelor of Pharmacy. Most (78.1%) strongly agreed/agreed that community pharmacists have an important role to play to reduce antibiotic resistance. Overall, the participants had a moderate perception towards antimicrobial resistance (median score: 21.5; IQR [16-28] out of 35.0). More than 40% supply antibiotics when patients requested them specifically, because if they do not supply them, patients will just go to another pharmacy. About 47% strongly agreed/agreed that if a patient cannot afford a full course of antibiotics all in one go, they will give them a smaller amount that they are able to afford at that time, even when a longer duration of treatment is required. Most (66.7%) had no previous involvement in antibiotics awareness campaign due to 'I have never heard about the campaign' (48.7%) and 'I do not have enough time to participate' (22.4%). Overall, the perception towards antimicrobial stewardship was good (20 [13-25] out of 25.0). Raising awareness of rational antibiotic use, including antimicrobial resistance, among pharmacy students (83.4%) and patient education by pharmacists in community pharmacies at the time medicines are supplied to patients (81.6%) were the most common strategies to improve rational use of antibiotics in community pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS Community pharmacists in Libya recognise their role in reducing antimicrobial resistance. They had a moderate perception towards antimicrobial resistance and a good perception towards antimicrobial stewardship. However, inappropriate antibiotic practices were common. The most common strategies to improve rational use of antibiotics in community pharmacy were raising awareness about the rational antibiotic use among pharmacy students and patient education by community pharmacists at the time antibiotics are dispensed to patients. Regulations are needed to restrict dispensing antibiotics without prescription among community pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba A Al-Shami
- Anaesthesia and Emergency Medicine Department, College of Medical Technology, Benghazi, 141, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Usman Abubakar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Maryam S E Hussein
- Anaesthesia and Emergency Medicine Department, College of Medical Technology, Benghazi, 141, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Hanin F A Hussin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, 141, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Sondos A Al-Shami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Libyan International Medical University, 141, Benghazi, Libya
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Khalat N, Messaoud O, Ben Rekaya M, Chargui M, Zghal M, Zendah B, Saqer N, Mokni M, Abdelhak S, Mohamed OA. First genetic characterization of Xeroderma pigmentosum in Libya: High frequency of XP-C founder mutation. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023:e2158. [PMID: 36812379 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by a high sensitivity to UV radiations. The disease is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, thus making accurate early clinical diagnosis difficult. Although the disease is considered rare worldwide, previous studies have shown that it is more frequent in Maghreb countries. So far, no genetic study has been published on Libyan patients, except three reports limited to clinical descriptions. METHODS Our study, which represents the first genetic characterization of XP in Libya, was conducted on 14 unrelated families including 23 Libyan XP patients with a consanguinity rate of 93%. Blood samples were collected from 201 individuals including patients and their relatives. Patients were screened for founder mutations already described in Tunisia. RESULTS The two founder Maghreb XP mutations, XPA p.Arg228* associated with the neurological form and XPC p.Val548Alafs*25 in patients with only cutaneous manifestations, were homozygously identified. The latter was predominant (19 of 23 patients). In addition, another XPC homozygous mutation (p.Arg220*) has been identified in only one patient. For the remaining patient, the absence of founder XPA, XPC, XPD, and XPG mutations suggests mutational heterogeneity of XP in Libya. CONCLUSION Identification of common mutations with other Maghreb populations is in favor of a common ancestor in North-African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olfa Messaoud
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Ben Rekaya
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Chargui
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Zghal
- Dermatology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bashir Zendah
- Dermatology Department, Medical Tripoli Centre (MTC), Tripoli, Libya
| | - Najat Saqer
- Dermatology Department, Central Tripoli Hospital, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mourad Mokni
- Dermatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Aoun E, Ballo L, Elhabony S, Arheiam A. Association between dental caries and obesity among Libyan schoolchildren during the armed conflict in Benghazi. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:44. [PMID: 36698113 PMCID: PMC9878869 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries and Obesity in children are issues of public health concern. Even though researching the relationship between these two noncommunicable diseases has been conducted for many years, the results remain equivocal. This paper aimed to examine the association between dental caries and obesity among 12-year-old schoolchildren living in war-affected environment in Benghazi. METHODS A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of caries among 12-year-old school children in Benghazi in 2017 during the armed conflict that affected the city. The data extracted for the analysis included sociodemographic of the participants (gender, maternal education and school type), caries experience (DMFT index), and anthropometric measures (height in cm, weight in kg, BMI and Z score for BMI). Comparisons of anthropometric measures were conducted according to caries experience. Linear regression models were developed to determine the association between Body Mass Index and Z score as outcome variables, caries as an explanatory variable, and covariates (gender, maternal education and school type). Beta coefficient (β) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. All statistical tests were conducted at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS There were 782 children with a mean (SD) BMI of 20.7 SD5.09 and an average z (SD) score of 0.56 SD1.51. Also, 159 (20%) children had obesity. No significant association was observed between caries and anthropometric measures. However, higher BMI was observed in children from a private school (p ≤ 0.001***), females (p ≤ 0.001***) and self-reported regular sugary drinks consumers (p ≤ 0.001***). CONCLUSION The present study shows no significant association between dental caries and anthropometric measures. However, the study findings support the notion of tackling sugar intake as a common risk factor for caries and obesity, which should be encouraged in the Libyan culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entesar Aoun
- grid.411736.60000 0001 0668 6996Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Lamis Ballo
- grid.411736.60000 0001 0668 6996Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Sara Elhabony
- grid.411736.60000 0001 0668 6996Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- grid.411736.60000 0001 0668 6996Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
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Saaed FMA, Ongerth JE. Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa Before Onward Dispersal Toward Europe. J Immigr Minor Health 2023:10.1007/s10903-022-01448-z. [PMID: 36640255 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a global health care challenge due to its worldwide distribution, chronic persistence, complications, and high prevalence with unchecked conditions in areas like sub-Saharan Africa. A high proportion of asymptomatic infections allows serious complications and poses infection risk to destination populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of both HBV and HCV among 3248 migrants from different parts of sub-Saharan Africa newly arrived at Kufra, Libya, a remote agricultural North African city. All these migrants were required by the Libyan authorities to undergo a complete medical check-up for different purposes such as joining new jobs, and obtaining licenses for trade and commerce. UAT sera from 3248 migrants, aged 18-53 years, attending the Al Kufra city hospital from January 01 to December 31, 2019, were screened for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody by rapid tests and positive samples were further tested by ELISA method. The results showed that 761/3248 (23.4%) of the migrants were positive for HBV and 1014/3248 (31.2%) were positive for HCV. Migrants from sub-Saharan Africa carry high rates of HBV and HCV infection. This suggests the importance of increased attention to actions to deal with findings among positive migrants, and for awareness about risks of transmission to the local population. Study results indicate the value of routine migrant monitoring, the need for awareness in destination country health authorities, and the potential for impact on migrant destination populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frhat M A Saaed
- Department of Zoology, College of Arts and Sciences, Benghazi University, Al Kufra, Libya
| | - Jerry E Ongerth
- Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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Elareibi I, Fakron S, Gaber A, Lambert M, El Tantawi M, Arheiam A. Awareness of sports-related dental emergencies and prevention practices among Libyan contact sports coaches: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e977. [PMID: 36479391 PMCID: PMC9718920 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite the high incidence rate of dental trauma and its possible devastating physical and psychological consequences on children, little is known about sport-related dental trauma and its prevention and management among Libyan sports coaches. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of Benghazi contact sports coaches regarding sport-related dental trauma and its prevention and management. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used. Two hundred and thirty-one contact sports coaches were recruited from different public and private youth sports centers across Benghazi. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire translated into Arabic and piloted to evaluate its validity and clarity. In addition, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and χ 2 tests were used to check associations between the variables. RESULTS A total of 151 contact sports coaches returned a completed questionnaire; the majority of coaches (74%) have seen orofacial injuries during their coaching career, whereas less than half of them (47%) personally experienced these injuries. Only one participant said he would preserve the tooth in milk, and four indicated that they would replant it. Most coaches (89.4%) knew what a mouthguard is, but 53.6% would recommend its use, and these were more likely to have previously used mouthguards (p ≤ 0.001). About 41.1% received previous training on TDIs-related emergencies. Higher knowledge scores were observed among coaches who previously received training (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate low awareness of how to manage and prevent orofacial injuries among Libyan contact sports coaches, even though they commonly encounter these injuries and believe in mouthguards' effectiveness. Previous training on managing emergencies and experience appeared to influence the coaches' knowledge. Training coaches on preventing TDIs and their early management in sports fields should be an implemented policy and a prerequisite to obtaining a training license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Elareibi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of BenghaziBenghaziLibya
| | - Sarah Fakron
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of BenghaziBenghaziLibya
| | - Amal Gaber
- Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of BenghaziBenghaziLibya
| | - Martijn Lambert
- Dental Public Health, ELOHA (Equal Lifelong Oral Health for All) Research Group, Oral Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of DentistryAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of BenghaziBenghaziLibya
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22
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Jahan AM, Anaiba SM. Exploring Antenatal Exercise: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Influencing Factors among Pregnant Women in Libya. Adv Rehabil Sci Pract 2023; 12:27536351231212132. [PMID: 38029061 PMCID: PMC10644730 DOI: 10.1177/27536351231212132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Antenatal exercise is crucial in promoting pregnant women's health and well-being. However, no research in Libya examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of antenatal exercise among pregnant women. Methods This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to antenatal exercise among pregnant women in Libya. A convenience sample of pregnant women (n = 205) receiving prenatal care at Misrata Medical Center and having no contraindication for exercise participated in the study. A self-administered, previously elaborated questionnaire was used to assess participants' awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and practice of antenatal exercise. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were employed using SPSS version 28. Results The findings revealed that nearly half of the participants demonstrated good knowledge (56.1%) and a positive attitude (47.8%) regarding antenatal exercise. Less than one-third (30.2%) of participants engaged in some form of exercise during pregnancy. The logistic regression results showed that age, income, and practice of exercise before pregnancy significantly contributed to the knowledge score. The analysis indicated that the unemployment status (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI [0.78-6.38], P = .03) and practicing exercise before pregnancy (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI [0.92-4.24], P = .02) were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in antenatal exercise. The main subjective reasons for pregnant women not engaging in antenatal exercise were lack of time, poor knowledge, fatigue, and worries about harming the baby. Conclusion This study sheds light on the current state of antenatal exercise among pregnant women in Libya and highlights the factors shaping these behaviors. The findings underscore the importance of promoting accurate knowledge, addressing misconceptions, and providing support and resources to overcome barriers and encourage safe and effective antenatal exercise practices in Libya. Future studies should consider employing qualitative or mixed methods research designs to examine antenatal exercise from different perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadi M Jahan
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Medical Technology, Misrata, Libya
| | - Salima M Anaiba
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Medical Technology, Misrata, Libya
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23
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Tekmal SR, Lockett C, Long B, Schauer SG. Military Medical Evacuation After the Benghazi Embassy Attack: Implications for Military Support of Diplomatic Missions. J Spec Oper Med 2022; 22:83-86. [PMID: 36525018 DOI: 10.55460/tsy7-5ta7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Department of State has the primary responsibility of diplomatic operations in foreign countries. The US military often supports these missions and, when needed, may be called upon to provide security in the event of changes in the host nation's government stability. The US military was requested to help evacuate the consulate in Benghazi after the attack on September 11, 2012. The medical requirements to support such a mission remain unclear, and data are lacking. We sought to describe the medical care required during this evacuation mission. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a previously described dataset from the United States Transportation Command (TRANSCOM) Regulating Command & Control and Evacuation System (TRAC2ES) from 2008 to 2018, with a focus on cases involving the evacuation after the Libyan consulate attack in September 2012. Within our dataset, we isolated all cases of evacuation from the attack on US government facilities in Benghazi. We describe the available data within TRAC2ES, including the free text information placed by the initiating medical personnel. RESULTS We identified three cases of evacuations within TRAC2ES associated with the Benghazi consulate attack. All cases were evacuated from host nation hospitals to Landstuhl Regional Medical Center (LRMC) by military aircraft under urgent status. Case 1 was an adult male injured by an undocumented mechanism. He was found to be in severe shock, received four units of blood prior to transport, and was intubated. Case 2 was an adult male injured by an undocumented mechanism. He had documented smoke inhalation injury and was found to be coughing up black sputum. Case 3 was an adult male injured by an undocumented mechanism. He had a compound radial fracture with an external fixator in place and subsequently developed compartment syndrome. He was intubated prior to transport. CONCLUSIONS Our case series focuses on the unique aspects of military support of diplomatic missions in countries lacking a stable government-specifically, what transpired in Benghazi. Such events showcase areas of potential collaboration between the Department of State and the Department of Defense in coordinating medical evacuations for casualties sustained during diplomatic missions.
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Parkes P, Pillay TD, Bdaiwi Y, Simpson R, Almoshmosh N, Murad L, Abbara A. Telemedicine interventions in six conflict-affected countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region: a systematic review. Confl Health 2022; 16:64. [PMID: 36517869 PMCID: PMC9748883 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-022-00493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the use of telemedicine in both high and low resource settings however its use has preceded this, particularly in conflict-affected settings. Several countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean (EMR) region are affected by complex, protracted crises. Though telemedicine has been used in such settings, there has been no comprehensive assessment of what interventions are used, their efficacy, barriers, or current research gaps. MAIN BODY A systematic search of ten academic databases and 3 grey literature sources from January 1st 2000 to December 31st 2020 was completed, identifying telemedicine interventions in select EMR conflict-affected settings and relevant enablers and barriers to their implementation. Included articles reported on telemedicine use in six conflict-affected EMR countries (or territories) graded as WHO Health Emergencies: Afghanistan, Gaza, Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yemen. Data were extracted and narratively synthesised due to heterogeneity in study design and outcomes. Of 3419 articles identified, twenty-one peer-reviewed and three grey literature sources met the inclusion criteria. We analysed these by context, intervention, and evaluation. CONTEXT eight related to Afghanistan, eight to Syria and seven to Iraq with one each in Yemen and Gaza. Most were implemented by humanitarian or academic organisations with projects mostly initiated in the United States or Europe and mostly by physicians. The in-country links were mostly health professionals rather than patients seeking specialist inputs for specialities not locally available. INTERVENTIONS these included both SAF (store and forward) and RT (real-time) with a range of specialities represented including radiology, histopathology, dermatology, mental health, and intensive care. EVALUATION most papers were observational or descriptive with few describing quality measures of interventions. CONCLUSIONS Telemedicine interventions are feasible in conflict-affected settings in EMR using low-cost, accessible technologies. However, few implemented interventions reported on evaluation strategies or had these built in. The ad hoc nature of some of the interventions, which relied on volunteers without sustained financial or academic investment, could pose challenges to quality and sustainability. There was little exploration of confidentiality, ethical standards, data storage or local healthcare worker and patient acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pylin Parkes
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111St Marys Hospital, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY UK
| | - Timesh D. Pillay
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111St Marys Hospital, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College, London, UK
| | - Yamama Bdaiwi
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111St Marys Hospital, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College, London, UK
| | - Remi Simpson
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111St Marys Hospital, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY UK
| | | | - Lina Murad
- Metropolitan Access Centre, Washington, DC USA
| | - Aula Abbara
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111St Marys Hospital, Imperial College, London, W2 1NY UK ,Syria Public Health Network, London, UK
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Arhoma N, Tantawi ME, Arheiam A. Career expectations and the motivating factors for studying dentistry in Libya. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:849. [PMID: 36476195 PMCID: PMC9730638 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated entry-level dental students' motives for studying dentistry at the University of Benghazi (UoB), Libya and career expectations among recent UoB graduates in an atypical context during the time of political unrest and identified factors associated with these motives. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2021-2022 for all entry-level dental students and recent dental graduates of UoB. A self-administered survey explored motives for studying dentistry, career expectation and associated factors. The questions were adopted from previous studies and pre-validated for use among Libyan students. Motives and career expectations were summarized, and their association with potential associated factors were assessed using chi-square test at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS One hundred eighty-four entry-level students and 156 recent graduates completed the surveys, response rates = 73.6% and 62.4%, respectively. The main motives to study dentistry were the desire to work in the healthcare field (183, 99.4%), interest in scientific knowledge (178, 96.7%) and because there were various dental specialities (168, 91.3%). The most common career expectations were setting up a business (107, 68.6%) and establishing a dental clinic (105, 67.3%). In addition, preference for working in the public sector (106, 67.9%), work-life balance (102, 65.4%) and financial gain (94, 60.3%) were the main factors associated with career expectations. CONCLUSION The main motive to join a dental school in Libya was academic interest. However, recent graduates showed more pragmatic expectations related to private practice ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niroz Arhoma
- Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.
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Elrefadi R, Beaayou H, Herwis K, Musrati A. Oral health status in individuals with Down syndrome. Libyan J Med 2022; 17:2116794. [PMID: 36040407 PMCID: PMC9448436 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2022.2116794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of known genetic cause, with a wide array of oral and systemic manifestations. The aim of the present study is to determine the level of oral hygiene status and practice of a group of individuals with DS in Benghazi/Libya. In this cross–sectional study 124 individuals were recruited from The Rehabilitation Centre of Special Needs in the city of Benghazi, Libya. Questionnaires were distributed among the attendees, covering oral health aspects and diet habits. Oral examination was conducted to evaluate oral health status among individuals with DS. The data were analysed descriptively and inferentially (including Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test) using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 (SPSS). Most of DS individuals brush their teeth once daily (62%), spending less than one minute in brushing (44%). For diet habits, more than half (55%) eat sweet snacks between meals. For the dental status, 47% of the subject had zero DMFT, followed by score 2 in 21%. The highest percentage in Oral hygiene Index (OHI) was scored 1 by 46% of participants. The zero CPITN score was seen in 54.5%. Our results have shown a weaker tendency of DS towards oral hygiene. This should strengthen our goal of guiding and encouraging parents of individuals with DS to be more cautious in providing help and supervision of their individuals’ practice of oral health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roba Elrefadi
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Hawwa Beaayou
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Khadiga Herwis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Ahmed Musrati
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.,Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku Finland
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Jallul M, Ibrahim K, Zaghdani A, Abdusalam MM, Al Dwigen SM, Atwair WS, Elbasir M, Alhudiri I, El Meshri SE, Elzagheid A. Variant-specific RT-qPCR for rapid screening of B.1.617 mutations in SARS-CoV-2. Libyan J Med 2022; 17:2121252. [PMID: 36062935 PMCID: PMC9467536 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2022.2121252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants required rapid and reliable diagnostic methods for early detection and monitoring of the spread of the virus, especially in low-resource countries where whole genome sequencing is not available. We aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of two different RT-qPCR screening assays for the detection of B.1.617 lineage mutations. A total of 85 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were collected between 9th August and 10 September 2021 and screened by two mutation-specific RT-qPCR assays for simultaneous detection of B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 lineage mutations. VIASURE Variant II PCR assay identified 2 Delta variant-specific mutations (L452R, and P681 R) in 80% of tested samples, while the PKamp™ Variant Detect™ assay was only able to detect one Delta variant specific mutation (L452R) in 75% of tested samples. This is the first report to show the Delta variant as the cause of the third wave in Libya. The use of multiplex RT-qPCR assays has allowed the identification of new variants for rapid screening. However, RT-qPCR results should be confirmed by whole genome sequencing of SARS-COV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwada Jallul
- Genetic Engineering Department, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Khaled Ibrahim
- Genetic Engineering Department, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ahmed Zaghdani
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Centre, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | - Samira M Al Dwigen
- Department of Cell Biology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Centre, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Wafya S Atwair
- Genetic Engineering Department, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mohamed Elbasir
- Genetic Engineering Department, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Inas Alhudiri
- Genetic Engineering Department, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Salah Edin El Meshri
- Department of Microbiology, Libyan Biotechnology Research Centre, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Adam Elzagheid
- Genetic Engineering Department, Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
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Nebbak A, Almeras L, Parola P, Bitam I. Mosquito Vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) and Mosquito-Borne Diseases in North Africa. Insects 2022; 13:962. [PMID: 36292910 PMCID: PMC9604161 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are of significant public health importance because of their ability to transmit major diseases to humans and animals, and are considered as the world's most deadly arthropods. In recent decades, climate change and globalization have promoted mosquito-borne diseases' (MBDs) geographic expansion to new areas, such as North African countries, where some of these MBDs were unusual or even unknown. In this review, we summarize the latest data on mosquito vector species distribution and MBDs affecting both human and animals in North Africa, in order to better understand the risks associated with the introduction of new invasive mosquito species such as Aedes albopictus. Currently, 26 mosquito species confirmed as pathogen vectors occur in North Africa, including Aedes (five species), Culex (eight species), Culiseta (one species) and Anopheles (12 species). These 26 species are involved in the circulation of seven MBDs in North Africa, including two parasitic infections (malaria and filariasis) and five viral infections (WNV, RVF, DENV, SINV and USUV). No bacterial diseases have been reported so far in this area. This review may guide research studies to fill the data gaps, as well as helping with developing effective vector surveillance and controlling strategies by concerned institutions in different involved countries, leading to cooperative and coordinate vector control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Nebbak
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP 384, Zone Industrielle, Bou-Ismail 42004, Algeria
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- École Supérieure en Sciences de l’Aliment et des Industries Agroalimentaire d’Alger, Oued Smar 16059, Algeria
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Bshaena AM, Almajdoub OH, Alshwesh RA, Omran EA, Haq S, Ismail F. Association Between ABO Blood Group System and COVID-19 Severity. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 158:570-573. [PMID: 36069364 PMCID: PMC9494408 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A possible association between blood group systems (ABO and Rh) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity has recently been investigated by various studies with conflicting results. However, due to variations in the prevalence of the ABO and Rh blood groups in different populations, their association with COVID-19 might be varied as well. Therefore, we conducted this study on Libyan participants to further investigate this association and make population-based data available to the worldwide scientific community. METHODS In this case-control study, ABO and Rh blood groups in 419 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Zawia, Libya, and 271 healthy controls were compared using descriptive statistics and χ 2 tests. RESULTS Blood group A was significantly more prevalent in patients with severe COVID-19 (64/125; 51.2%) than in patients with nonsevere COVID-19 (108/294, 36.7%) (P < .034), whereas the O blood group prevalence was higher in nonsevere COVID-19 cases (131/294, 44.5%) compared with severe cases (43/125, 34.4%) (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The results showed a significant association between blood group A and the severity of COVID-19, whereas patients with blood group O showed a low risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection. No significant association was found between Rh and susceptibility/severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M Bshaena
- Department of Research and Consultation, Libyan Medical Research Centre, Zawia, Libya
| | - Osama H Almajdoub
- Department of Chemistry, Libyan Medical Research Centre, Zawia, Libya
| | - Rajaa A Alshwesh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zawia University, Zawia, Libya
| | - Entesar A Omran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zawia University, Zawia, Libya
| | - Soghra Haq
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Technology, Tobruk University, Tobruk, Libya
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Khalifa AM, Nouh FA, Elshaari FA. Clinical characteristics and outcomes among patients with COVID-19: A single-center retrospective observational study from Marj, Libya. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:1013-1019. [PMID: 36104061 PMCID: PMC9987663 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.9.20220343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical characteristics and the contributing factors potentially associated with the poorer outcome in Libyan COVID-19 ICU patients. METHODS The present work is a retrospective, single-center study, which included 94 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Isolation Department at Marj Hospital from August 21st, 2020 till April 30th, 2021. The patients' data, including their medical history, clinical manifestations, radiological imaging, and laboratory findings, were obtained from the hospital records. RESULTS A higher proportion of the admitted patients were males. The patients' mean age was 68.29 ± 13.64. The patients came with varying symptoms, but most commonly they were affected by dyspnea, fever, cough, and fatigue. Diabetes was the most common underlying comorbidity; nonetheless, other chronic diseases like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and lung diseases individually affected a significant proportion of patients. Although there was no effect of gender on patients' outcomes, age had a significant influence on the disease consequences. CONCLUSION There was a strong effect of age on ICU admission and patients' surviving the illness. Diabetes was the most common underlying comorbid disease in COVID-19 patients. On admission time, inflammatory markers such as CRP, D-dimer, serum ferritin, and LDH, in common, were the most important indicators of poorer prognosis. Male gender, comorbidity, and symptomology adversely affected the rate of admission but not the patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimen M. Khalifa
- From the Department of Medicine (Khalifa), Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi - Marj; from the Department of Biochemistry (Nouh, Elshaari), Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi; and from the Libyan Center for Biotechnology Research (Elshaari), Benghazi, Libya.
| | - Fatimah A. Nouh
- From the Department of Medicine (Khalifa), Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi - Marj; from the Department of Biochemistry (Nouh, Elshaari), Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi; and from the Libyan Center for Biotechnology Research (Elshaari), Benghazi, Libya.
| | - Farag A. Elshaari
- From the Department of Medicine (Khalifa), Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi - Marj; from the Department of Biochemistry (Nouh, Elshaari), Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi; and from the Libyan Center for Biotechnology Research (Elshaari), Benghazi, Libya.
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Arheiam A, Aloshiby A, Gaber A, Fakron S. Dental Fluorosis and Its Associated Factors Amongst Libyan Schoolchildren. Int Dent J 2022; 72:853-858. [PMID: 35933225 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about dental fluorosis (DF) in Benghazi, Libya, where the public water supply is naturally fluoridated. OBJECTIVE The study aims to investigate the distribution of DF and its related risk factors and impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the association between DF and caries amongst Libyan school children. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out amongst 12-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Benghazi. Dean's and decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMF) indices were used to assess the severity of DF and dental caries. In addition, a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and behavioural information and OHRQoL using the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Version 19 (COHIP-SF19). RESULTS Out of 1125 children who participated in the study, 15%, 7.8%, 2.2%, and 0.4% of participants were coded as having questionable, mild, moderate, and severe DF, respectively. Children enrolled in private schools were less likely to have DF (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.83; P = .007). Moderate-severe DF was associated with more decayed surfaces and DMF scores and low scores for COHIP-SF19 and its socioemotional well-being subscale. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate that rates of DF are relatively low in naturally fluoridated areas in Libya. DF amongst Libyan schoolchildren was associated with social disparities, higher caries rates, and negative impacts on OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arheiam Arheiam
- Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.
| | - Aisha Aloshiby
- Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Amal Gaber
- Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Sarah Fakron
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
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Prestileo T, Di Marco V, Dino O, Sanfilippo A, Tutone M, Milesi M, Di Marco L, Picchio CA, Craxì A, Lazarus JV. Effectiveness of a screening program for HBV, HCV, and HIV infections in African migrants to Sicily. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:800-804. [PMID: 34649829 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrants from Africa are vulnerable to viral infections during their journey. METHODS Migrants who arrived in western Sicily were offered early screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate risk factors, and antiviral therapy was offered to subjects with active infection. A multiple regression analysis and adjusted odds ratio were obtained to evaluate risk factors. RESULTS Overall, 2,639 of 2,751 (95.9%) migrants who arrived between 2015 and 2017 accepted screening and 1,911 (72.4%) completed the questionnaire. HBsAg was positive in 257 (9.7%) migrants, 24 (0.9%) were anti-HCV positive and 57 (2.2%) had HIV infection. The prevalence of HBV infection was higher in women (aOR 2.47,95%CI 1.90-3.20),p = 0.003) and in people who endured physical and/or sexual violence (aOR 2.24,95%CI 1.87-3.55,p<0.001), while HIV infection was more frequent in women (aOR 5.40,95%CI 3.09-9.43, p <0.001) who were in Libya for a long period (aOR 5.66,95%CI 2.90-10.70,p = 0.004) and endured physical and/or sexual violence (aOR 14.77,95%CI 8.34-22.11,p<0.001). Being older than 18 was associated with HCV infection (p<0.001). Overall, 77% of 57 subjects with HIV infection were retained in care, 79% of 70 chronic HBV hepatitis cases started nucleot(s)ide analogues and 61% of 18 HCV-RNA positive cases received direct-acting antiviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS These findings evidence the effectiveness and feasibility of infectious disease screening programs for migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullio Prestileo
- Infectious Diseases Unit & Centre for Migration and Health, ARNAS Civico-Benfratelli Hospital, Palermo, Italy; Immigrant Take Care Advocacy (ITaCA), Palermo, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale Ricerca Migrare, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Di Marco
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale Ricerca Migrare, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ornella Dino
- Immigrant Take Care Advocacy (ITaCA), Palermo, Italy; ASP 6 Palermo, Migrants Health Assistance Unit, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana Sanfilippo
- Infectious Diseases Unit & Centre for Migration and Health, ARNAS Civico-Benfratelli Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Tutone
- Immigrant Take Care Advocacy (ITaCA), Palermo, Italy; Infectious Diseases Clinic, University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Milesi
- Immigrant Take Care Advocacy (ITaCA), Palermo, Italy; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenza Di Marco
- Immigrant Take Care Advocacy (ITaCA), Palermo, Italy; Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Camila A Picchio
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Cliníc, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale Ricerca Migrare, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Cliníc, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abdulsalam AM, Saadawi WK, Kharwat HI, Shaibi T. Species diversity of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Tarhuna, Libya. Open Vet J 2022; 12:370-374. [PMID: 35821779 PMCID: PMC9270940 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Twenty-five species of ticks have been recorded in Libya. No systematic studies have been conducted in Tarhuna region regarding tick species that infest livestock. Aim To identify the species of ticks that infest livestock in Tarhuna, Libya. Methods The study was carried out from August 2015 to May 2016 in Tarhuna, which is located in northwestern Libya. A total of 634 ticks (349 males, 280 females, and 5 nymphs) were collected from 145 randomly selected animals (camels, sheep, and goats). Samples were collected seasonally from different locations. Results Four species of ticks were recorded: Hyalomma dromedarii (83.12%), Rhipicephalus bursa (6.94%), Hyalomma excavatum (6.63%), and Rhipicephalus camicasi (3.31%). The mean prevalence of all species was 4.37 ticks/host. All of the tick species were collected from sheep and goats, except H. dromedarii which was collected from camels only. With respect to the season of collection, the number of species varied among seasons; the highest prevalence was in summer (6.53 ticks\host) and the lowest was in spring (2.18 ticks\host). The highest average number of tick species was observed in H. dromedarii (10.13 ticks/host), followed by 1.21 ticks/host in R. camicasi, 1.07 ticks/host in H. excavatum, and the lowest in R. bursa (1.02 tick/host). Conclusions These findings reveal that the abundance of ticks varied among species and seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. Abdulsalam
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Azzaytuna University, Tarhuna, Libya
| | | | - Hoda I. Kharwat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Gharyan, Gharyan, Libya
| | - Taher Shaibi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Ismail F, Alsharif F, El-Garawani I, Abdelsameea E. Acute Hepatitis A Virus Infection in Tobruk, Eastern Libya: Increasing Trends After 2017. Food Environ Virol 2022; 14:89-93. [PMID: 34633604 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-021-09499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute hepatitis A is a self-limited liver inflammation caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. The infection is transmitted by direct contact from person to person via fecal-oral routes, or through consuming contaminated food and water. This study aims to estimate the frequency of HAV infection from medical records of Tobruk Medical Center, eastern Libya and its distribution during 6 years. The medical records department of Tobruk Medical Center follows guidelines of the international classification of diseases-10 for coding the diseases. The research estimates the frequency and distribution of HAV infection based on age and sex during the period from January 2015 to December 2020. HAV screening assay was performed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays HAV IgM microwell. 245 cases were recorded, 53.5% of cases were males. HAV infection was the most prevalent (92.6%) in age groups of < 5-20 years. A significant rise in the occurrence of HAV infection in the last three years was reported (p < 0.05). More than half of the cases (68%) were reported in 2019 and 2020. No case fatality rate was reported in the present study. There is an increase in the frequency of HAV infection in the last 3 years and the younger age groups (under 20 years old) are more vulnerable to HAV infection. More prevention and control efforts towards this age group should be a top public health priority to avoid the possibility of HAV outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ismail
- Department of Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tobruk, Tobruk, Libya.
- National Centre for Disease Control, Tobruk, Libya.
- Libyan Medical Research Centre, Kambut, Libya.
| | - Fatma Alsharif
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Islam El-Garawani
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelsameea
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Ben Saad H. Review of the current use of global lung function initiative norms for spirometry (GLI-2012) and static lung volumes (GLI-2021) in Great Arab Maghreb (GAM) countries and steps required to improve their utilization. Libyan J Med 2022; 17:2031596. [PMID: 35080480 PMCID: PMC8794060 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2022.2031596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helmi Ben Saad
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Farhat Hached Hospital, Research Laboratory "Heart Failure, LR12SP09", University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Arhieam A, ELTantawi M, ELkadiki N, Elhashani A, Baker SR. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Arabic version of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ-15). Int J Dent Hyg 2022; 20:527-533. [PMID: 35020277 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many patients who suffer from Dentine Hypersensitivity (DH) often go undiagnosed because they do not consider DH as serious problem that requires treatment. The use of patient reported outcome measures can help in diagnosis and management of DH problems. The aim of the present study was to adapt cross-culturally the original English version of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ-15) for use in Arabic speaking countries. METHODS An Arabic version of DHEQ-15 was first developed by forward-backward translation and piloted among a group of dental patients. A cross-sectional study design was then used to test the psychometric properties of the Arabic DHEQ-15 in a wider convenience sample of Libyan dental patients diagnosed with DH. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the 3-dimensional distribution of the subscales. The significance level of all statistical tests was set at p≤0.05. RESULTS The Arabic DHEQ-15 demonstrated good face and content validity. A total of 462 participants aged on average 39.2 ± 12.9 years took part in the psychometric testing of the Arabic DHEQ-15. The overall Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0.91, and overall Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest repeatability was 0.914. Participants with more severe DH had a significantly higher DHEQ-15 score than those with less severe DH (p<0.001). Those who reported better global rating of their oral health had lower scores on the Arabic DHEQ-15 (p<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed 3 subscales of the Arabic DHEQ-15. CONCLUSIONS The Arabic DHEQ-15 has been developed and further testing has demonstrated acceptable levels of psychometric properties in an Arabic population. The Arabic DHEQ-15 is a reliable measure of the quality of life impact of DH for use with Arabic speaking populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arheiam Arhieam
- Associate professor, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Maha ELTantawi
- Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nuha ELkadiki
- Assistant lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Abdelgader Elhashani
- Teaching Assistant, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Sarah R Baker
- Professor, Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Edwards L, Corley AG, Lucea MB. An assessment of the Libyan baccalaureate nursing education during political turmoil. Public Health Nurs 2022; 39:831-838. [PMID: 35005798 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the Libyan Revolution in 2011, the country's nursing workforce has been struggling. Libyan nursing schools have focused on rebuilding the country's supply of nurses after many emigrated. Wanting to infuse the workforce with more baccalaureate-prepared nurses, Libyan nursing faculty invited nursing and public health representatives from a US-based academic medical institution and a non-governmental medical organization to collaborate with local stakeholders in a country-wide assessment. The purpose of this article is to outline the national programs' strengths and weaknesses and make recommendations for developing a strategy to elevate nursing education to meet international standards. This can serve as a launching point to strengthen Libya's health services provision capacity, particularly during this time of transition when opportunities may become available to move in new directions. The approach and findings may have wider application to other countries who are similarly experiencing civil and political turmoil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Edwards
- University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew G Corley
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
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Jahan A, Mohamed M, Alabani E, Almaziq A, Elarriesh H, Alagelli F, Alhadar F, Ben Tahir K, Berrah H, Abudabbous M, Hamouda W, Albahloul N, Elzoubia J, Dier A. Awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to COVID-19 in Libya: a nation-wide online survey. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 40:156. [PMID: 34970398 PMCID: PMC8683462 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.156.29455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak to be a global pandemic in March 2020. However, the pandemic cannot be ended overnight and more social distancing and other self-care measures are needed to protect our communities. Therefore, people´s awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and appropriate behaviors are instrumental to containing the pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine COVID-19 awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors in Libya. Methods a cross-sectional online survey was conducted from October 10th to November 10th, 2020 in 24 cities in Libya. The participants were non-medical professionals who were living in Libya for at least 2 years and were at least 18 years old. Results a total of 1018 participants completed the questionnaire, with ages ranging from 18-74 years (Mean ± SD = 33.49±13.24); nearly two-thirds were < 40, and 68.2% were females. Almost half of the participants considered the potential threat of COVID-19 to be low, and one in five reported that they were “Not worried at all” about getting COVID-19. In multivariate analyses, participants who were 40-49 years old, had master´s degrees or higher, and worked in the private sector reflected high mean scores for both knowledge and attitudes, while those who lived in the Eastern or Southern regions had lower mean attitude scores. Conclusion the low levels of awareness as well as the attitudes and behaviors among the public in Libya are worrisome. This study highlighted profound gaps that may put Libyan communities at high risk of a COVID-19 explosion. Therefore, immediate action is needed to address public awareness and attitudes and to improve COVID-19 related behaviors among the Libyan public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadi Jahan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marwa Mohamed
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Eman Alabani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | - Aymaan Almaziq
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | - Huda Elarriesh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | - Fatma Alagelli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Farag Alhadar
- Faculty of Medicine, Almergeb University, Al-Khums, Libya
| | | | - Hazar Berrah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | | | - Wedad Hamouda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | | | - Joma Elzoubia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | - Amal Dier
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Gürelli G, Mohamed ARA. Comparative Study of Rumen Ciliate Fauna of Goat and Sheep in Libya. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2021; 45:274-279. [PMID: 34889195 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2021.39974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide comparative information on the rumen ciliate fauna of goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries) living in Zawiya, Libya. METHODS We obtained rumen samples from 16 goats and 17 sheep after the slaughter in Zawiya, Libya between June and August 2016. We immediately fixed the well-mixed samples with an equal volume of 18.5% formalin. We filtered and stained the samples in the laboratory with methyl green formalin saline solution to determine the nuclei and added 2% Lugol's iodine solution to visualize the skeletal plates. RESULTS We found that the mean number (± standard deviation) of ciliates in the rumen contents from goats and sheep was 70.9±61.6×104 cells mL-1 (minimum-maximum value, 4.0-187.0×104 cells mL-1) and 96.3±49.3×104 cells mL-1 (minimum-maximum value, 19.5-235.0×104 cells mL-1), respectively. Results also showed that the total number of species per goat and sheep was 1-17 (mean, 8.2±4.7) and 1-13 (mean, 7.9±3.8), respectively. We identified 10 genera, 19 species, and 11 morphotypes in goats and 9 genera, 16 species, and 13 morphotypes in sheep. Additionally, we found that Entodinium simulans prevalence in all goats and sheep was 100%. On the other hand, we observed Hsiungia triciliata and Ostracodinium gracile in only one goat (6.3% prevalence) and Polyplastron multivesiculatum in only one sheep (5.9% prevalence). Overall, the ruminal ciliate fauna of goat and sheep in Libya comprised Entodinium species (mean for goats, 85.9%; mean for sheep, 83.5%). CONCLUSION This study recorded Hsiungia triciliata as a new endosymbiont in goats. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report all of the species detected in goats from Libya. Similarly, this is the first to detect Diplodinium anisacanthum, Entodinium bursa, E. ellipsoideum, E. longinucleatum, E. simulans, Isotricha prostoma, Ophryoscolex caudatus, Ostracodinium gracile, and Polyplastron multivesiculatum in sheep from Libya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Gürelli
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Sciences and Arts,Department of Biology, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Alhudiri IM, Ramadan AM, Ibrahim KM, Abdalla A, Eljilani M, Salem MA, Elgheriani HM, El Meshri SE, Elzagheid A. Whole-genome sequencing of SARS-COV-2 showed wide spread of B.1.525 in February 2021 in Libya. Libyan J Med 2021; 16:2001210. [PMID: 34757863 PMCID: PMC8583741 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2021.2001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha (B.1.1.7) SARS-COV-2 variant was detected in September 2020 in minks and humans in Denmark and UK. This variant has several mutations in the spike region (S) which could increase the transmissibility of the virus 43-90% over previously circulating variants. The National Center for Disease Control (NCDC) announced on 24 February 2021 a 25% frequency of B.1.1.7 strain in Libya using a reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR assay. This assay relies on the specific identification of the H69-V70 deletion in S gene which causes its failure of amplification (SGTF). This deletion is not specific for B.1.1.7, but is also characteristic of two other SARS-COV-2 variants. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of B.1.1.7 and identify other variants circulating in Libya in February 2021. We performed whole genome sequencing of 67 positive SARS-COV-2 samples collected on 25 February 2021 in Libya which were also tested by RT-qPCR for SGTF. Our results showed that 55% of samples had mutations specific to B.1.525 strain and only ~3% of samples belonged to B.1.1.7. These findings suggested that B.1.525 was spreading widely in Libya. The use of such RT-qPCR assay, although useful to track some variants, cannot discriminate between variants with H69-V70 deletion. RT-qPCR assays could be multiplexed to identify multiple variants and screen samples prior to sequencing. We emphasize on the need for providing whole-genome sequencing to the main COVID-19 diagnostic laboratories in Libya as well as establishing international collaboration for building capacity and advancing research in this time of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas M Alhudiri
- Genetic Engineering Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ahmad M Ramadan
- Genetic Engineering Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Khaled M Ibrahim
- Genetic Engineering Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Adel Abdalla
- Genetic Engineering Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mouna Eljilani
- Genetic Engineering Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mohamed Ali Salem
- Microbiology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | | | - Adam Elzagheid
- Genetic Engineering Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya
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Abstract
Re-infection with SARS-CoV-2 is an active area of research and studying. Here, we present the first documented case of SARS-CoV-2
re-infection in Libya. The patient was a 24-year-old healthy man who initially presented with mild symptoms of generalised fatigue and
intermittent episodes of fever for 3 days. During his second episode of COVID-19, he presented with chest tightness and intermittent dry
cough. The patient fully recovered from both episodes of COVID-19 without any residual complaints. Since limited cases of SARS-CoV-2
re-infection have been identified, it is probably a rare phenomenon. It is however critical to identify the role of new SARS-CoV-2 variants
in the pathogenesis of recurrent COVID-19.
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42
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Molobe ID, Odukoya OO. The prevalence of drug use and illicit trafficking: A descriptive cross sectional study of irregular migrant returnees in Nigeria. J Migr Health 2021; 3:100034. [PMID: 34405184 PMCID: PMC8352205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug use prevalence in irregular migration among study participants is 61.3%. Alcohol and marijuana is mostly the drug use among irregular migrants. Migration frustration and trauma are the major reason for drug use. Marijuana is most trafficked drug by irregular migrants.
The study assessed the prevalence of drug use and drug trafficking among Nigerian returned migrants from Libyan detention centers in the transit or destination along the Mediterranean irregular migration route. This is a descriptive cross sectional study. The study population was restricted to migrants who returned from May 2017 and April 2018. A total of 382 (238 male and 144 female) were contacted and provided information for this study. These participants were recruited using judgemental and snowballing techniques. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were used. Results showed that 61.3% of the respondents used drugs during their migration. Drug use was predominant among those in the younger age group (26–30) accounting for 24.9%. The study revealed reasons for respondents’ drug use which were as a result of migration frustration and trauma, or compulsion. The findings on drug trafficking revealed that 15.7% of the respondents engaged in drug trafficking during their migration, and 28% of the respondents that trafficked drugs had previous experience of arrest or detention by law enforcement agent (in Libya). Findings from this study showed high prevalence of drug use among irregular migrants. Experience of migration frustration and trauma were among the factors that contribute to drug use among the migrant population. The study also discovered that some of the migrants who got into illicit drug trafficking were to raise money for survival while some were compelled into the business. The high prevalence of drug use among irregular migrants from findings draw attention to the important implications for public health and social security, while drug trafficking in existence among migrants calls for need of social reintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna Daniel Molobe
- Unified Initiative for a Drug Free Nigeria (UIDFN), Lagos, Nigeria.,Non-Communicable Disease Research Group, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Group, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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Jahan AM, Mohamed M, Alfagieh M, Alnawy N, Alsabiri M, Algazal R, Saaleh R, El Swisy S, Abbas O, Al Delawi W, Abdulhafith B, Almangoush O, Elhag F, Elshukri A, Abushaala W, Shahrani T, Tnton A, Alkilani H, Dier A. Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:714749. [PMID: 34484073 PMCID: PMC8416112 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.714749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 were announced in Wuhan, China, the virus has spread in most countries. After one year of restrictive measures applied by governments, it is unclear how this prolonged social distancing has affected the mental health of individuals in Libya. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the levels of perceived stress, depression, sleep disturbance, and self-efficacy associated with the pandemic in Libya and their association with the demographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 10 and November 10, 2020 in 21 cities in Libya using an online survey. The survey collected socio-demographic variables and other important psychological variables using valid scales: namely, the Perceived Stress scale, the PROMIS Depression scale, the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance scale, and self-efficacy 6-item scale. Additionally, data were collected regarding eating and smoking habits, housing and living situations, and the preparedness of the public to manage the upcoming waves of the pandemic. Results: The questionnaire was accessed 746 times, and a total of 683 completed questionnaires were analyzed (response rate of 91.6%), with ages ranging from 18 to 94 years (Mean ± SD = 27.09 ± 10.57). Among the respondents, 58.4% were females and 77% were from the age group 18-29 years. The perceived stress, depression, and sleep disturbance symptoms were high in overall population. For stress, 52.7 and 17.1% of respondents reported moderate and high stress, and for sleep quality 28.8 and 8.1% reported moderate and high sleep disturbance, respectively. For depression, the overall median score was 20 (out of 40). The perceived stress, depression, and sleep disturbance were more prevalent among females and the younger age groups (18-29 years old). The overall self-efficacy median total score was 6.67 (out of 10), with a significantly higher median total score for males than females (7 vs. 6.33, p = 0.001). About 14.5% of the respondents were regular cigarette smokers, and most of them (79.8%) described their smoking habits during the previous month as more than typical. In addition, the reported eating habits of almost half of the respondents (43%) had changed, with about one-third (29.6%) reporting that their eating habits had become less healthy during the pandemic. Conclusion: The findings of this research suggest increased levels of stress, depression, and sleep disturbances as well as COVID-19-related fear during the pandemic, especially among young females. This alarming finding urgently calls for safe and low-barrier interventions to help mentally burdened individuals. This study makes a significant contribution in providing essential data on the psychological and social impacts on the Libyan population due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadi M. Jahan
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marwa Mohamed
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | | | - Nehal Alnawy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | - Rayan Algazal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | - Rana Saaleh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Safa El Swisy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | - Orjwan Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | | | | | | | - Fathalla Elhag
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | | | | | - Taqwa Shahrani
- Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ahmed Tnton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | - Heba Alkilani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Amaal Dier
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Tarchi A. A 'catastrophic consequence': Fascism's debate on the legal status of Libyans and the issue of mixed marriages (1938-1939). Postcolonial Stud 2021; 25:527-544. [PMID: 36466949 PMCID: PMC9707729 DOI: 10.1080/13688790.2021.1964764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article assesses the role that institutional concern for the possibility of interracial marriages played in the Italian Fascist party's internal debate regarding the legal status of Libyans in the second half of the 1930s. Following the end of the 'pacification' of the Libyan resistance in 1932, Governor Italo Balbo pushed for the region's demographic colonization and the legal inclusion of the colonial territory and its population within the metropole. In contrast, Fascist Party officials in Rome endorsed starker racial segregation in the colonies based on the racist ideology that permeated the regime after the declaration of the empire in 1936. The legal inclusion of Libyans within the metropolitan body politic touched upon the regime's most sensitive theme: the need to avoid any promiscuity that could interfere with the racial consciousness of Fascist Italy. This article analyses this dispute through the lens of interracial marriage and concubinage regulations, framing it into the definition of a normative standard of Italian whiteness through the racialization of the colonial Other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tarchi
- Faculty of Law, EUROMIX Project – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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45
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Ismail F, Elsayed AG, El-Garawani I, Abdelsameea E. Cancer incidence in the Tobruk area, eastern Libya: first results from Tobruk Medical Centre. Epidemiol Health 2021; 43:e2021050. [PMID: 34412449 PMCID: PMC8602008 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it is an increasing problem in developing countries. Estimation of the incidence of cancer is important, especially in regions with limited epidemiological data on cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide an updated report on the incidence of cancers in the Tobruk region in eastern Libya. METHODS Data on cancer patients from the records of the Department of Histopathology of Tobruk Medical Centre from January 2013 to June 2020 were included. RESULTS In total, 402 cases were recorded. Men patients accounted for 30.3% (n=122) of cases, and women patients represented 69.6% (n=280). The overall mean age at the time of the first diagnosis was 49.0±17.1 years. The most common malignancies were breast and uterine cancer in women (18.4%, n=74; 15.9%, n=64, respectively), colorectal cancer (11.6%, n=47; 26 in women and 21 in men), bladder cancer (8.2%, n=33; 8 in women and 25 in men), and thyroid cancer (8.0%, n=32; 23 in women and 9 in men). CONCLUSIONS Breast and uterine cancers were the most common cancers in women, and bladder and colorectal cancer were the most common cancers in men, followed by colorectal cancer in both genders. These data will help health authorities launch preventive plans for cancer in the region. Further studies to identify aetiological factors and cancer-related risk factors need to be conducted in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ismail
- Department of Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tobruk, Tobruk, Libya.,National Centre for Disease Control, Tobruk, Libya.,Libyan Medical Research Centre, Kambut, Libya
| | | | - Islam El-Garawani
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelsameea
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
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46
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Atia A, Botto A, Alarbi S. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of pharmacists about pharmacovigilance, Libya. East Mediterr Health J 2021; 27:693-697. [PMID: 34369584 DOI: 10.26719/2021.27.7.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background The concept of pharmacovigilance is not well known in Libya and its practice is still in the early stages. Aims This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pharmacists in Tripoli, Libya about pharmacovigilance and the reporting of adverse drug reactions. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to February 2020 of working pharmacists randomly selected from pharmacies in Tripoli. Participants were eligible for inclusion if they had a degree or diploma in pharmacy from a recognized university or institute. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Results Of 500 pharmacists selected, 408 completed the questionnaire. The pharmacists' knowledge of pharmacovigilance and reporting of adverse drug reactions was poor overall: only 28.9% correctly defined pharmacovigilance and 14.7% knew about the existence of a centre for pharmacovigilance in Libya. The attitudes of the pharmacists to pharmacovigilance was positive: 77.2% believed that pharmacovigilance needed to be included in the pharmacy curriculum and 73.0% said that they would practice pharmacovigilance if trained. Pharmacists depended mostly on drug information leaflets to update their knowledge on adverse drug reactions. Conclusion Given the pharmacists' low level of knowledge about pharmacovigilance but their readiness to become involved if trained, training programmes should be introduced for practising pharmacists to improve their knowledge and encourage their active participation in pharmacovigilance. Regulators need to reinforce the importance of reporting adverse drug reactions and implement pharmacovigilance policies in the Libyan health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Atia
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Amal Botto
- Department of Pharmacy, Almharat College of Medical Sciences, Janzur, Libya
| | - Safia Alarbi
- Department of Pharmacy, Almharat College of Medical Sciences, Janzur, Libya
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47
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Mahmoud AS, Dayhum AS, Rayes AA, Annajar BB, Eldaghayes IM. Exploiting epidemiological data to understand the epidemiology and factors that influence COVID-19 pandemic in Libya. World J Virol 2021; 10:156-167. [PMID: 34367931 PMCID: PMC8316877 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v10.i4.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There were only 75 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported in Libya by the National Center for Disease Control during the first two months following the first confirmed case on 24 March 2020. However, there was dramatic increase in positive cases from June to now; as of 19 November 2020, approximately 357940 samples have been tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the results have revealed a total number of 76808 confirmed cases, 47587 recovered cases and 1068 deaths. The case fatality ratio was estimated to be 1.40%, and the mortality rate was estimated to be 15.90 in 100000 people. The epidemiological situation markedly changed from mid-July to the beginning of August, and the country proceeded to the cluster phase. COVID-19 has spread in almost all Libyan cities, and this reflects the high transmission rate of the virus at the regional level with the highest positivity rates, at an average of 14.54%. Apparently, there is an underestimation of the actual number of COVID-19 cases due to the low testing capacity. Consequently, the Libyan health authority needs to initiate a large-scale case-screening process and enforce testing capacities and contact testing within the time frame, which is not an easy task. Advisably, the Libyan health authority should improve the public health capacities and conduct strict hygienic measures among the societies and vaccinate as many people against COVID-19 to minimize both the case fatality ratio and socio-economic impacts of the pandemic in Libya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdusalam S Mahmoud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13662, Libya
| | - Abdunaser S Dayhum
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13662, Libya
| | - Abdunnabi A Rayes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13662, Libya
| | - Badereddin B Annajar
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13662, Libya
- National Center for Disease Control, Tripoli 71171, Libya
| | - Ibrahim M Eldaghayes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13662, Libya
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48
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Jahan AM, Rwaiha AE, Gusaibat SR, Al-Ahwal NA, Al-Jafairi ZM, Al-Rashidi MA. Patient Satisfaction With Physiotherapy Services in Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Patient Exp 2021; 8:23743735211033195. [PMID: 34368428 PMCID: PMC8312148 DOI: 10.1177/23743735211033195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient satisfaction (PS) is an essential indicator of the quality of physiotherapy services. However, regarding Libya, there has been a dearth of research on PS. This cross-sectional study aimed to measure PS with outpatient physiotherapy services and to examine the sociodemographic factors that influence the levels of satisfaction in Libya. Patient satisfaction with physiotherapy services was assessed using a reliable, valid, and structured questionnaire. Data were collected from 501 patients, and the participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 79 (mean ± standard deviation = 47.19 ± 12.8), with more females (n = 312) than males (n = 189). Participants were satisfied or very satisfied with the physiotherapy they received in the domains that measure PS. The highest percentage of satisfaction was in the physiotherapists’ attributes and ability to provide detailed explanations to their patients. Patient satisfaction was also associated with gender and occupation, with females and unemployed patients reporting higher satisfaction rates. This highlights the value of surveys administered to patients during treatments, as well as the value of strategies to address the influential factors for the improvement of PS in public physiotherapy clinics in Libya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadi M Jahan
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Medical Technology, Misrata, Libya.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali E Rwaiha
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Medical Technology, Misrata, Libya
| | - Sara R Gusaibat
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Medical Technology, Misrata, Libya
| | - Nisrin A Al-Ahwal
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Medical Technology, Misrata, Libya
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49
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Mahmoud A, Danzetta ML, di Sabatino D, Spedicato M, Alkhatal Z, Dayhum A, Tolari F, Forzan M, Mazzei M, Savini G. First seroprevalence investigation of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in Libya. Open Vet J 2021; 11:301-308. [PMID: 34307088 PMCID: PMC8288730 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a vector-borne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is transmitted by Culicoides spp. EHDV is a member of the Orbivirus genus within the Reoviridae family. It shares many morphological and structural characteristics with other members of the genus, such as the bluetongue virus, African horse sickness virus, and equine encephalosis virus. Aims The purpose of our study was to investigate the epidemiological situation of EHDV in Libya in order to gain some knowledge about the presence of this virus in the country. Methods In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of EHDV in Libya, testing 855 blood samples collected during 2015. The samples were collected from domestic ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats) originating from 11 provinces of Libya. Sera were tested by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and positive samples confirmed by serum neutralization test. Results The overall seroprevalence of EHDV was estimated to be 4% (95% confidence intervals = 2.8%-5.4%). Small ruminant seroprevalence was significantly (p = 0.016) higher than that found in cattle. Neutralizing antibodies against EHDV-6 were detected in a sheep from the western region of Libya. Conclusion This study suggests that EHDV has circulated or is circulating in Libya, and sheep could play an important role in the epidemiology of EHDV, and the virus may still be circulating in North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdusalam Mahmoud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Maria Luisa Danzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Daria di Sabatino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo Spedicato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Abdunaser Dayhum
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | - Mario Forzan
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
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50
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Othman AA, Hiblu MA, Abbassi MS, Abouzeed YM, Ahmed MO. Nasal colonization and antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus species isolated from healthy horses in Tripoli, Libya. J Equine Sci 2021; 32:61-65. [PMID: 34220273 PMCID: PMC8240523 DOI: 10.1294/jes.32.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the colonization rates and antimicrobial susceptibility of
Staphylococcus species isolated from the nostrils of healthy horses. A nonselective
laboratory approach was applied, followed by confirmation using a Phoenix automated
microbiological system. Among the 92 horses included in the study, 48.9% (45/92) carried
Staphylococcus species of mostly the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) type yielding
70 Staphylococcus strains. Of these strains, 37.1% (26/70; 24 CoNS and 2
coagulase-positive staphylococci; CoPS) were identified as methicillin-resistant
staphylococci (MRS) expressing significant resistance to important antimicrobial classes
represented mainly by subspecies of CoNS. This is the first study reporting a high
prevalence of various Staphylococcus species, particularly strains of CoNS expressing
multidrug resistance patterns of public health concern, colonizing healthy horses in
Libya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aesha A Othman
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box 13362, Libya
| | - Murad A Hiblu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box 13662, Libya
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Yousef M Abouzeed
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box 13362, Libya
| | - Mohamed O Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box 13362, Libya
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