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Kelleher P, Greathead L, Whitby L, Brando B, Barnett D, Bloxham D, deTute R, Dunlop A, Farren T, Francis S, Payne D, Scott S, Snowden JA, Sorour Y, Stansfield E, Virgo P, Whitby A. European flow cytometry quality assurance guidelines for the diagnosis of primary immune deficiencies and assessment of immune reconstitution following B cell depletion therapies and transplantation. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2024. [PMID: 38940298 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years activity of diagnostic flow cytometry services have evolved from monitoring of CD4 T cell subsets in HIV-1 infection to screening for primary and secondary immune deficiencies syndromes and assessment of immune constitution following B cell depleting therapy and transplantation. Changes in laboratory activity in high income countries have been driven by initiation of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-1 regardless of CD4 T cell counts, increasing recognition of primary immune deficiency syndromes and the wider application of B cell depleting therapy and transplantation in clinical practice. Laboratories should use their experience in standardization and quality assurance of CD4 T cell counting in HIV-1 infection to provide immune monitoring services to patients with primary and secondary immune deficiencies. Assessment of immune reconstitution post B cell depleting agents and transplantation can also draw on the expertise acquired by flow cytometry laboratories for detection of CD34 stem cell and assessment of MRD in hematological malignancies. This guideline provides recommendations for clinical laboratories on providing flow cytometry services in screening for immune deficiencies and its emerging role immune reconstitution after B cell targeting therapies and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kelleher
- Immunology of Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Infection and Immunity Sciences, North West London Pathology, London, UK
| | - Louise Greathead
- Department of Infection and Immunity Sciences, North West London Pathology, London, UK
| | - Liam Whitby
- UK NEQAS for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bruno Brando
- Hematology Laboratory and Transfusion Center, New Hospital of Legnano: Ospedale Nuovo di Legnano, Milan, Italy
| | - David Barnett
- UK NEQAS for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - David Bloxham
- Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostic Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth deTute
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan Dunlop
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Timothy Farren
- Division of Haemato-Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Pathology Group, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Francis
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel Payne
- Tees Valley Pathology Service, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Stuart Scott
- UK NEQAS for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - John A Snowden
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Youssef Sorour
- Haematology, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Doncaster, UK
| | - Emma Stansfield
- Greater Manchester Immunology Service, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Virgo
- Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Alison Whitby
- UK NEQAS for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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2
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Chiron AS, Locher L, Sarthou A, Gleizes A, Krzysiek R, Chretien P, Hacein-Bey-Abina S. Evaluation of analytical performance of AQUIOS CL flow cytometer and method comparison with bead-based flow cytometry methods. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2023-1498. [PMID: 38584471 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given that method validation is mandatory for compliance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15,189 standard requirements, we evaluated the analytical performance of the AQUIOS CL system (Beckman Coulter) and compared it with two bead-based flow cytometry (FCM) protocols (BD FACSCAntoTM-II and Beckman Coulter DxFLEX). There are no comparative literature data on standardized protocols for counting lymphocyte subsets on the new-generation cytometer DxFLEX. METHODS We evaluated the AQUIOS CL's performance with regard to accuracy, linearity and stability by using dedicated control cell samples and patient samples. We also compared the lymphocyte counts measured on the AQUIOS CL (n=69 samples) with those measured on the BD FACSCAntoTM-II and DxFLEX FCM systems. For 61 samples, FCM results were compared with those measured on the XN-3000 Sysmex hematology analyzer. RESULTS AQUIOS CL showed acceptable performance - even outside the manufacturer's quantification ranges- and strong correlations with bead-based FCM methods. The FCM techniques and the XN-3000 gave similar absolute lymphocyte counts, although values in samples with intense lymphocytosis (B cell lymphoma/leukemia) were underestimated. CONCLUSIONS The AQUIOS CL flow cytometer is a time-saving, single-platform system with good performance, especially when the manufacturer's instructions for use are followed. However, AQUIOS CL's possible limitations and pitfalls impose validation of a bead-based FCM method for immunophenotyping verification or as a back-up system. Although the DxFLEX flow cytometer is more time-consuming to use, it can provide standardized lymphocyte subset counts in case of aberrant results on AQUIOS CL or in the event of equipment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrada S Chiron
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- UTCBS, Unité des technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lucy Locher
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Aurélie Sarthou
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Aude Gleizes
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- UTCBS, Unité des technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Roman Krzysiek
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Orsay, UMR-996 INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Pascale Chretien
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- UTCBS, Unité des technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- UTCBS, Unité des technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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3
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Sagnia B, Mbakop Ghomsi F, Moudourou S, Gutierez A, Tchadji J, Sosso SM, Ndjolo A, Colizzi V. Accurate and reproducible enumeration of CD4 T cell counts and Hemoglobin levels using a point of care system: Comparison with conventional laboratory based testing systems in a clinical reference laboratory in Cameroon. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297790. [PMID: 38507344 PMCID: PMC10954178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurements of CD4 T cells and hemoglobin (Hb) are conventionally used to determine the immunological state and disease progression for HIV-infected patients. We obtained a small lightweight point-of-care device, the BD FACSPrestoTM in order to demonstrate its ability to deliver CD4 and Hb analysis in comparison with two larger clinical machines the BDFACSCantoTM analyzer and Sysmex XN 1000 haematology analyzer. The advantages of using the POC device include access to HIV patient data in remote and in resource limited settings. METHOD The analytical performance of the BD FACSPrestoTM, compared with the FACSCantoTM II flow cytometer and the Sysmex XN 1000 haematology analyzer was evaluated by testing 241 routine clinical specimens collected in EDTA tubes from patients attending the Immunology and Microbiology laboratory of Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre (Yaounde, Cameroon) between January and May 2016. RESULTS The mean in absolute counts and percentage of CD4 T cells was 606 cells/mL and 25% respectively via the FACSPrestoTM, and 574 cells/mL and 24% respectively via the BD FACSCantoTM II. The mean concentration of Hb levels was 11.90 on the Sysmex XN 1000 and 11.45 via the BD FACSPrestoTM, A high correlation (R2 = 0.95, P < 0.001) of Hb level measurements was noted between the BD FACSPrestoTM and Sysmex XN 1000 hematology analyzer. Overall, a Bland-Altman plot of the differences between the two methods showed an excellent agreement for absolute and percentage CD4 counts and hemoglobin measurements between POC and conventional methods evaluated here. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the ease of use of the BD FACSPrestoTM POC technology in remote areas. CONCLUSION The BD FACPrestoTM is a suitable tool for CD4 enumeration in resource-limited settings, specifically providing a deployable, reliable POC testing option. The BD FACSPrestoTM performed appropriately in comparison to the conventional reference standard technologies. The BD FACSPrestoTM, system provides accurate, reliable, precise CD4/%CD4/Hb results on venous blood sampling. The data showed good agreement between the BD FACSPrestoTM, BD FACSCantoTM II and Sysmex XN 1000 XN 1000 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Sagnia
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of CIRCB, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Jules Tchadji
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of CIRCB, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Alexis Ndjolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of CIRCB, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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4
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Lemoine L, Malcus C, Poitevin-Later F, Venet F, Monneret G, Gossez M. Cross-sectional reassessment after 4 years of clinical routine use of AQUIOS CL for absolute T cell quantitation in a university hospital. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2022; 102:390-399. [PMID: 35437910 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We had previously reported appropriate performances of automated AQUIOS CL cytometer (Beckman Coulter) for regulatory approval of absolute T cell enumeration. However, after 4 years of routine use, we still observed recurrent histogram anomalies that may affect both absolute values and T cell subset percentages results. The objective of the current study was thus to perform a cross-sectional evaluation of these graphical anomalies within a university hospital context, to assess their influence on results and ultimately to propose a standardized decision tree to circumvent graphical disturbances at the time of results validation. METHODS Eight hundred and sixty-two blood samples were prospectively analyzed on AQUIOS CL. Results were compared to (i) lymphocyte values from complete blood count; (ii) results from manual staining and analysis on Navios cytometer (Beckman Coulter); (iii) results after washing step and reacquisition on AQUIOS CL. RESULTS Nearly 75% analyses did not show any graphical anomaly. 20% had single anomaly on "Lymphs (45)" or "Lymphs EV" regions influencing T cells percentages and requiring manual re-gating of "CD3- capture" region. 5% showed concomitant "Lymphs EV" and "Lymphs (45)" anomalies influencing both T cell percentages and absolute counting and requiring additional staining and analysis on Navios. Finally, <1% presented with anomaly on "CD4/CD8" histogram or "CD3+ All" region, influencing both T cell percentages and absolute counting. CONCLUSIONS Around 25% AQUIOS CL results were flawed due to gating anomalies. In <5% cases, additional back-up procedures should be undertaken to ensure results validity. A simple decision-tree may help in guiding validation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Lemoine
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Malcus
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France
| | | | - Fabienne Venet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Morgane Gossez
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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5
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Bitar M, Boettcher M, Boldt A, Hauck F, Köhl U, Liebert UG, Magg T, Schulz MS, Sack U. Flow cytometric measurement of STAT5 phosphorylation in cytomegalovirus-stimulated T cells. Cytometry A 2020; 99:774-783. [PMID: 33280233 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells expand with CMV reactivation and are probably prerequisite for control and protection. Given the critical role STAT5A phosphorylation (pSTAT5A) in T cell proliferation, this study presents a simple and sensitive flow cytometric-based pSTAT5A assay to quickly identify CMV-specific T cell proliferation. We determined pSTAT5A in T cells treated with CMV-specific peptide mix (pp65 + IE1 peptides) from 20 healthy adult subjects and three immunodeficient patients with CARMIL-2 mutation. After stimulation, the percentage of pSTAT5A+ T cells in CMV-seropositive (CMV+ ) subjects significantly increased from 3.0% ± 1.9% (unstimulated) to 11.4% ± 5.9% (stimulated) for 24 h. After 7 days of stimulation, the percentage of expanded T cells amounted to 26% ± 17.2%. Conversely, the percentage of pSTAT5A+ T cells and T cell proliferation from CMV-seronegative (CMV- ) subjects hardly changed (from 3.0% ± 1.3% to 3.7% ± 1.8% and from 4.3% ± 2.1% to 5.7% ± 1.7%, respectively). We analyzed the correlation between the percentage of pSTAT5A+ T cells versus (1) CMV-IgG concentrations versus (2) the percentage of expanded T cells and versus (3) the percentage of initial CMV-specific T cells. In immunodeficient patients with CARMIL-2 mutation, CMV-specific pSTAT5A and T cell proliferation were completely deficient. In conclusion, flow cytometric-based pSTAT5A assay represents an appropriate tool to quickly identify CMV-specific T cell proliferation and helps to understand dysfunctions in controlling other pathogens. Flow cytometric-based pSTAT5A assay may be a useful test in clinical practice and merits further validation in large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitar
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcus Boettcher
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Immunology and Cell Therapy (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe G Liebert
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Magg
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marian S Schulz
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Hospitals University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Lambert C, Yanikkaya Demirel G, Keller T, Preijers F, Psarra K, Schiemann M, Özçürümez M, Sack U. Flow Cytometric Analyses of Lymphocyte Markers in Immune Oncology: A Comprehensive Guidance for Validation Practice According to Laws and Standards. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2169. [PMID: 33042129 PMCID: PMC7528430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many anticancer therapies such as antibody-based therapies, cellular therapeutics (e.g., genetically modified cells, regulators of cytokine signaling, and signal transduction), and other biologically tailored interventions strongly influence the immune system and require tools for research, diagnosis, and monitoring. In flow cytometry, in vitro diagnostic (IVD) test kits that have been compiled and validated by the manufacturer are not available for all requirements. Laboratories are therefore usually dependent on modifying commercially available assays or, most often, developing them to meet clinical needs. However, both variants must then undergo full validation to fulfill the IVD regulatory requirements. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping is a multiparametric analysis of parameters, some of which have to be repeatedly adjusted; that must be considered when developing specific antibody panels. Careful adjustments of general rules are required to meet legal and regulatory requirements in the analysis of these assays. Here, we describe the relevant regulatory framework for flow cytometry-based assays and describe methods for the introduction of new antibody combinations into routine work including development of performance specifications, validation, and statistical methodology for design and analysis of the experiments. The aim is to increase reliability, efficiency, and auditability after the introduction of in-house-developed flow cytometry assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Lambert
- University Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, FRE-CNRS 3312, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | - Frank Preijers
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katherina Psarra
- Department of Immunology-Histocompatibility, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mustafa Özçürümez
- Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Klinische Immunologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Bitar M, Boldt A, Freitag MT, Gruhn B, Köhl U, Sack U. Evaluating STAT5 Phosphorylation as a Mean to Assess T Cell Proliferation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:722. [PMID: 31024554 PMCID: PMC6460883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present a simple and sensitive flow cytometric-based assay to assess T cell proliferation. Given the critical role STAT5A phosphorylation in T cell proliferation, we decided to evaluate phosphorylation of STAT5A as an indicator of T cell proliferation. We determined pSTAT5A in T cell treated with either CD3/CD28 or PHA. After stimulation, T cells from adult healthy donors displayed a strong long-lasting phosphorylation of STAT5A, reaching a peak value after 24 h. The median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of pSTAT5A increased from 112 ± 17 to 512 ± 278 (CD3/CD28) (24 h) and to 413 ± 123 (PHA) (24 h), the IL-2 receptor-α (CD25) expression was greatly enhanced and after 72 h T cell proliferation amounted to 52.3 ± 10.3% (CD3/CD28) and to 48.4 ± 9.7% (PHA). Treatment with specific JAK3 and STAT5 inhibitors resulted in a complete blockage of phosphorylation of STAT5A, CD25 expression, and suppression of T cell proliferation. Compared with currently available methods, STAT5A phosphorylation is well-suited to predict T cell proliferation. Moreover, the method presented here is not very time consuming (several hours) and delivers functional information from which conclusions about T cell proliferation can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitar
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Freitag
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Gruhn
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Immunology and Cell Therapy (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Acceptable “Real‐Life” Variability for Lymphocyte Counts by Flow Cytometry. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 96:379-388. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Kestens L, Mandy F. Issue Highlights - November 2017 (92:B6). CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 92:433-436. [PMID: 29077268 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Wagner-Ballon O, Badaoui B, Brignoli A, Le Priol J, Roussel M. Evaluation of whole-blood conservation reagents for Hematoflow-based WBC differential count: Unsatisfactory results. Int J Lab Hematol 2017; 39:e127-e131. [PMID: 28656600 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Wagner-Ballon
- Département d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie biologiques, Hôpitaux universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France.,UPEC, Creteil, France
| | - B Badaoui
- Département d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie biologiques, Hôpitaux universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France.,UPEC, Creteil, France
| | - A Brignoli
- Département d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie biologiques, Hôpitaux universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
| | - J Le Priol
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - M Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.,EFS Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, INSERM, UMR U1236, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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11
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Bitar M, Boldt A, Binder S, Borte M, Kentouche K, Borte S, Sack U. Flow cytometric measurement of STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation in CD4 + and CD8 + T cells-clinical applications in primary immunodeficiency diagnostics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1439-1441.e9. [PMID: 28601682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitar
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Binder
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Borte
- Immuno Deficiency Center Leipzig (IDCL) at Hospital St Georg gGmbH Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karim Kentouche
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Borte
- Immuno Deficiency Center Leipzig (IDCL) at Hospital St Georg gGmbH Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Leipzig, Germany; Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Depince-Berger AE, Sidi-Yahya K, Jeraiby M, Lambert C. Basophil activation test: Implementation and standardization between systems and between instruments. Cytometry A 2017; 91:261-269. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Sidi-Yahya
- Immunology laboratory/University Hospital Saint-Etienne; FRE-CNRS 3312, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France
| | - Mohammed Jeraiby
- Immunology laboratory/University Hospital Saint-Etienne; FRE-CNRS 3312, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France
| | - Claude Lambert
- Immunology laboratory/University Hospital Saint-Etienne; FRE-CNRS 3312, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France
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13
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Grossi V, Infantino M, Meacci F, Bellio E, Bellio V, Ciotta G, Priami F, Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F, Li Gobbi F, Damiani A, Benucci M, Manfredi M. Comparison of methods and TAT assessment: Volumetric AQUIOS CL and bead-based FACS CANTO II cytometers. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2017; 94:674-678. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Grossi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit; S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit; S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - Francesca Meacci
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit; S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellio
- Rheumatology Unit; S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - Valerio Bellio
- Rheumatology Unit; S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - Giovanna Ciotta
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit; S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - Fiorella Priami
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit; S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital; Florence Italy
| | | | | | | | - Arianna Damiani
- Rheumatology Unit; S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital; Florence Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Manfredi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit; S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital; Florence Italy
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Jeraiby M, Sidi Yahya K, Depince-Berger AE, Lambert C. Microbicidal activity measured by flow cytometry: Optimization and standardization for detection of primary and functional deficiencies. J Immunol Methods 2017; 441:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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15
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Wallace PK. Issue highlights--November 2015 (88:B6). CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 88:355-7. [PMID: 26372922 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Lanza F. Issue Highlight 2015. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 88:283-5. [PMID: 26226829 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lanza
- Hematology and Flow Cytometry Unit, University Hospital, via Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hutchinson
- 1 Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
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18
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Gossez M, Malcus C, Demaret J, Frater J, Poitevin-Later F, Monneret G. Evaluation of a novel automated volumetric flow cytometer for absolute CD4+ T lymphocyte quantitation. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 92:456-464. [PMID: 26804473 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bead-based single platform cytometry technology (SPT) is the gold standard when performing CD4 absolute counting. However, it presents drawbacks as precision depends on various critical steps (for example, pipetting methodology, overtime stability of beads, stability of fluidics, regular recalibration…) and thus requires skilled operators. The fully automated volumetric SPT AQUIOS CL (Beckman Coulter) has recently emerged as an alternative with no need of beads. It may help improving results standardisation and fulfilling requirements for certification (ISO 15189). In this study, we assessed SPT AQUIOS CL performances in accordance to requirements for ISO 15189 accreditation. METHODS We evaluated repeatability and reproducibility (precision), bias (trueness), uncertainty (total error), range limits (linearity, quantification, detection limits), and inter-reagent/inter-sample contaminations in enumerating CD4+ T-cells. Concomitantly, we compared AQUIOS CL CD4+ T-cell values with the results obtained with our routine bead-based SPT (that is, FC500 Beckman Coulter, bead-based SPT), on blood samples from 148 patients representative of clinical laboratory routine workload. RESULTS Every result (repeatability, reproducibility, trueness, total error) was below the acceptable thresholds proposed in international recommendations. Contamination results and range limits (linearity, quantification, and detection limits) were all found perfectly suitable to routine analysis. The comparison between AQUIOS CL and FC500 exhibited excellent correlation and agreement (Pearson R = 0.99, P < 0.001; Lin's concordance correlation coefficient: Lin ρc = 0.991, Cb = 0.999), and Bland-Altman analysis did not reveal any systematic error. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that, upon subsequent validation in more routine conditions, the AQUIOS CL could be a suitable tool for clinical flow cytometry laboratories facing accreditation process. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Gossez
- Hospices Civils De Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Laboratoire D'immunologie, Lyon, F-69003, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Christophe Malcus
- Hospices Civils De Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Laboratoire D'immunologie, Lyon, F-69003, France
| | - Julie Demaret
- Hospices Civils De Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Laboratoire D'immunologie, Lyon, F-69003, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | | | - Françoise Poitevin-Later
- Hospices Civils De Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Laboratoire D'immunologie, Lyon, F-69003, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Hospices Civils De Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Laboratoire D'immunologie, Lyon, F-69003, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69008, France
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19
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Debliquis A, Wagner-Ballon O, Le Garff-Tavernier M, Fossat C, Chatelain B, Letestu R. Evaluation of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria screening by flow cytometry through multicentric interlaboratory comparison in four countries. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144:858-68. [PMID: 26572992 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpwmwj7xdnq3sn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is currently diagnosed by flow cytometry; although highly sensitive, its interpretation and reporting appear as critical as its technique. Thus, we developed a quality control scheme for the French-speaking region based on the international recommendations for PNH screening. METHODS After a topical workshop, we proposed a 1-year, two-step survey program to any volunteering French-speaking clinical laboratory. The first survey consisted of sending raw data files to evaluate gating and the interpretation strategy of each center. The second stipulated sending fresh whole-blood samples to evaluate the whole process and its practice. RESULTS Forty-nine participants from voluntary centers returned results for each of the two successive surveys. On virtual survey, 27% reported false-positive PNH created by immature granulocytes, whereas the minor PNH clone was not detected by 9%. On fresh survey, 63% of centers used at least the same six-color combination (CD24, CD14, CD33, CD15, CD45, and fluorescent aerolysin), and nearly 70% of participants were able to perform a sensitivity test less than 0.1% on neutrophils. All participants detected the major PNH clone, yet 16% returned false-positive results for the non-PNH clone case. CONCLUSIONS We succeeded in rallying numerous French-speaking clinical laboratories for both surveys and in harmonizing the technical practice by highlighting common pitfalls.
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20
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Koehl U, Kalberer C, Spanholtz J, Lee DA, Miller JS, Cooley S, Lowdell M, Uharek L, Klingemann H, Curti A, Leung W, Alici E. Advances in clinical NK cell studies: Donor selection, manufacturing and quality control. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1115178. [PMID: 27141397 PMCID: PMC4839369 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are increasingly used in clinical studies in order to treat patients with various malignancies. The following review summarizes platform lectures and 2013–2015 consortium meetings on manufacturing and clinical use of NK cells in Europe and United States. A broad overview of recent pre-clinical and clinical results in NK cell therapies is provided based on unstimulated, cytokine-activated, as well as genetically engineered NK cells using chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). Differences in donor selection, manufacturing and quality control of NK cells for cancer immunotherapies are described and basic recommendations are outlined for harmonization in future NK cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Koehl
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - C Kalberer
- Diagnostic Hematology, University Hospital Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Spanholtz
- Glycostem Therapeutics , Oss, the Netherlands
| | - D A Lee
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Pediatrics , Houston, TX, USA
| | - J S Miller
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Cooley
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Lowdell
- Department of Hematology, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Medical School , London, UK
| | - L Uharek
- Hematology and Oncology, Benjamin Franklin faculty of Charité , Berlin, Germany
| | - H Klingemann
- NantKwest Inc., Research & Development , Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Curti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", Berlin, University of Bologna , Italy
| | - W Leung
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E Alici
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm Sweden; Cell therapies institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Preijers FWMB, van der Velden VHJ, Preijers T, Brooimans RA, Marijt E, Homburg C, van Montfort K, Gratama JW. Fifteen years of external quality assessment in leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping in The Netherlands and Belgium: A way forward. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2015; 90:267-78. [PMID: 26102096 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In 1985, external quality assurance was initiated in the Netherlands to reduce the between-laboratory variability of leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping and to improve diagnostic conclusions. This program consisted of regular distributions of test samples followed by biannual plenary participant meetings in which results were presented and discussed. A scoring system was developed in which the quality of results was rated by systematically reviewing the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical assay stages using three scores, i.e., correct (A), minor fault (B), and major fault (C). Here, we report on 90 consecutive samples distributed to 40-61 participating laboratories between 1998 and 2012. Most samples contained >20% aberrant cells, mainly selected from mature lymphoid malignancies (B or T cell) and acute leukemias (myeloid or lymphoblastic). In 2002, minimally required monoclonal antibody (mAb) panels were introduced, whilst methodological guidelines for all three assay stages were implemented. Retrospectively, we divided the study into subsequent periods of 4 ("initial"), 4 ("learning"), and 7 years ("consolidation") to detect "learning effects." Uni- and multivariate models showed that analytical performance declined since 2002, but that post-analytical performance improved during the entire period. These results emphasized the need to improve technical aspects of the assay, and reflected improved interpretational skills of the participants. A strong effect of participant affiliation in all three assay stages was observed: laboratories in academic and large peripheral hospitals performed significantly better than those in small hospitals. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W M B Preijers
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tim Preijers
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rik A Brooimans
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Marijt
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Homburg
- Department of Immunocytology, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees van Montfort
- Department of Trials and Statistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Gratama
- Department of Internal Oncology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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De Bantel A, Fleury-Feith J, Poirot C, Berthaut I, Garcin C, Landais P, Ravel C. Simultaneous vitality and DNA-fragmentation measurement in spermatozoa of smokers and non-smokers. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2014; 88:120-4. [PMID: 25220539 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because cigarette smoke is a powerful ROS producer, we hypothesized that the spermatozoa of smokers would be more at risk of having increased DNA fragmentation than spermatozoa of non-smoking men. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on consenting smokers and non-smokers, consulting in an infertility clinic for routine sperm analysis. The application of a novel TUNEL assay coupled to a vitality marker, LIVE/DEAD®, allowed both DNA fragmentation and viability measurement within spermatozoa of participants to be analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The coupled vitality-DNA fragmentation analysis revealed that non-smokers and smokers, respectively presented medians of 3.6% [0.6-36.8] and 3.3% [0.9-9.6] DNA fragmented spermatozoa among the living spermatozoa population (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION No deleterious effect of smoking on spermatozoa was found in our study. More studies concerning potential mutagenic capacities of cigarette smoke on spermatozoa are necessary. In addition, the coupled vitality-DNA fragmentation analysis may orient Assisted Reproductive Technology teams when confronted with patients having a high percentage of DNA-fragmented living spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Bantel
- UPMC; AP-HP, Service de Biologie de la reproduction-CECOS; Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris, France
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Boldt A, Kahlenberg F, Fricke S, Rasche FM, Sack U. Flow cytometric phenotyping of lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Cytometry A 2014; 85:567-9. [PMID: 24757025 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Boldt
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Boldt A, Borte S, Fricke S, Kentouche K, Emmrich F, Borte M, Kahlenberg F, Sack U. Eight-color immunophenotyping of T-, B-, and NK-cell subpopulations for characterization of chronic immunodeficiencies. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2014; 86:191-206. [PMID: 24488780 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies demands for the development of a comprehensive flow cytometric screening system, based on reference values that support a standardized immunophenotypic characterization of most lymphocyte subpopulations. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from healthy adult volunteers (n = 25) were collected and split into eight panel fractions (100 µl each). Subsequently, premixed eight-color antibody cocktails were incubated per specific panel of whole blood to detect and differentiate cell subsets of: (i) a general lymphocyte overviews, (ii) B-cell subpopulations, (iii) CD4+ subpopulations, (iv) CD8+ subpopulations, (v) regulatory T-cells, (vi) recent thymic emigrants (RTE), (vii) NK-cell subpopulations, and (viii) NK-cell activation markers. All samples were lysed, washed, and measured by flow cytometry. FACS DIVA software was used for data analysis and calculation of quadrant statistics (mean values, standard error of mean, and percentile ranges). RESULTS Whole blood staining of lymphocytes provided the analysis of: (i) CD3+, 4+, 8+, 19+, 16/56+, and activated CD4/8 cells; (ii) immature, naïve, nonswitched/switched, memory, (activated) CD21(low) , transitional B-cells, plasmablasts/plasmacells; (iii and iv) naïve, central memory, effector, effector memory, TH1/TH2/TH17-like, and CCR5+CD8-cells; (v) CD25+, regulatory T-cells (naïve/memory, HLA-DR+); (vi) α/β- and γ/δ-T-cells, RTE in CD4/CD8 cells; (vii) immature/mature CD56(bright) , CD94/NKG2D+ NK-cells; and (viii) Nkp30, 44, 46, and CD57+NK-cells. Clinical examples and quadrant statistics are provided. CONCLUSION The present study represents a practical approach to standardize the immunophenotyping of most T-, B-, and NK-cell subpopulations. That allows differentiating whether abnormalities or developmental shifts observed in lymphocyte subpopulations originates either from primary or secondary immunological disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Boldt
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Universität Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Sack U, Tárnok A. Harmonization of cytometry instrumentation and technologies. Cytometry A 2013; 83:1055-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Sack
- Institute for Clinical Immunology; Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM); University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM); University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology; Heart Centre Leipzig; Germany
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