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Boyd-Shiwarski CR, Shiwarski DJ, Griffiths SE, Beacham RT, Norrell L, Morrison DE, Wang J, Mann J, Tennant W, Anderson EN, Franks J, Calderon M, Connolly KA, Cheema MU, Weaver CJ, Nkashama LJ, Weckerly CC, Querry KE, Pandey UB, Donnelly CJ, Sun D, Rodan AR, Subramanya AR. WNK kinases sense molecular crowding and rescue cell volume via phase separation. Cell 2022; 185:4488-4506.e20. [PMID: 36318922 PMCID: PMC9699283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
When challenged by hypertonicity, dehydrated cells must recover their volume to survive. This process requires the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of SLC12 cation chloride transporters by WNK kinases, but how these kinases are activated by cell shrinkage remains unknown. Within seconds of cell exposure to hypertonicity, WNK1 concentrates into membraneless condensates, initiating a phosphorylation-dependent signal that drives net ion influx via the SLC12 cotransporters to restore cell volume. WNK1 condensate formation is driven by its intrinsically disordered C terminus, whose evolutionarily conserved signatures are necessary for efficient phase separation and volume recovery. This disorder-encoded phase behavior occurs within physiological constraints and is activated in vivo by molecular crowding rather than changes in cell size. This allows kinase activity despite an inhibitory ionic milieu and permits cell volume recovery through condensate-mediated signal amplification. Thus, WNK kinases are physiological crowding sensors that phase separate to coordinate a cell volume rescue response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary R Boyd-Shiwarski
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniel J Shiwarski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shawn E Griffiths
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rebecca T Beacham
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Logan Norrell
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Daryl E Morrison
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jacob Mann
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - William Tennant
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Eric N Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jonathan Franks
- Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Michael Calderon
- Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kelly A Connolly
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Muhammad Umar Cheema
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Claire J Weaver
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lubika J Nkashama
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Claire C Weckerly
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Katherine E Querry
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christopher J Donnelly
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Aylin R Rodan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Medical Service, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Arohan R Subramanya
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.
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2
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Rico LG, de la Calle FR, Salvia R, Ward MD, Bradford JA, Juncà J, Sorigué M, Petriz J. Impact of red blood cell lysing on rare event analysis. Cytometry A 2022; 103:335-346. [PMID: 36069147 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The challenges associated with analyzing rare cells are dependent on a series of factors, which usually require large numbers of cells per sample for successful resolution. Among these is determining the minimum number of total events needed to be acquired as defined by the expected frequency of the target cell population. The choice of markers that identify the target population, as well as the event rate and the number of aborted events/second, will also determine the statistically significant detection of rare cell events. Sample preparation is another important but often overlooked factor in rare cell analysis, and in this study we examine Poisson theory and methods to determine the effect of sample manipulation on rare cell detection. After verifying the applicability of this theory, we have evaluated the potential impact of red cell lysis on rare cell analysis, and how cell rarity can be underestimated or overestimated based on erythrolytic sensitivity or resistance of healthy leukocytes and pathological rare cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Rico
- Functional Cytomics Lab, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) , ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Raimúndez de la Calle
- Functional Cytomics Lab, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) , ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Salvia
- Functional Cytomics Lab, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) , ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mike D Ward
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jordi Juncà
- Functional Cytomics Lab, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) , ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Sorigué
- Functional Cytomics Lab, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) , ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Petriz
- Functional Cytomics Lab, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) , ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Multispectral imaging flow cytometry for process monitoring in microalgae biotechnology. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dittrich PG, Kraus D, Ehrhardt E, Henkel T, Notni G. Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry with Spatially and Spectrally Resolving Snapshot-Mosaic Cameras for the Characterization and Classification of Bioparticles. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020238. [PMID: 35208362 PMCID: PMC8879709 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the development and optimization of biotechnological cultivation processes the continuous monitoring through the acquisition and interpretation of spectral and morphological properties of bioparticles are challenging. There is therefore a need for the parallel acquisition and interpretation of spatially and spectrally resolved measurements with which particles can be characterized and classified in-flow with high throughput. Therefore, in this paper we investigated the scientific and technological connectivity of standard imaging flow cytometry (IFC) with filter-on-chip based spatially and spectrally resolving snapshot-mosaic cameras for photonic sensing and control in a smart and innovative microfluidic device. For the investigations presented here we used the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis (HP). These microalgae are used commercially to produce the antioxidant keto-carotenoid astaxanthin. Therefore, HP is relevant to practically demonstrate the usability of the developed system for Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry (MIFC) platform. The extension of standard IFC with snapshot-mosaic cameras and multivariate data processing is an innovative approach for the in-flow characterization and derived classification of bioparticles. Finally, the multispectral data acquisition and the therefore developed methodology is generalizable and enables further applications far beyond the here characterized population of HP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Gerald Dittrich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Group for Quality Assurance and Industrial Image Processing, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Platz 2, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Kraus
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (D.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Enrico Ehrhardt
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien e. V., Erich-Neuß-Weg 5, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Thomas Henkel
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (D.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Gunther Notni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Group for Quality Assurance and Industrial Image Processing, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Platz 2, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany;
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Park HS, Price H, Ceballos S, Chi JT, Wax A. Single Cell Analysis of Stored Red Blood Cells Using Ultra-High Throughput Holographic Cytometry. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092455. [PMID: 34572104 PMCID: PMC8465484 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Holographic cytometry is introduced as an ultra-high throughput implementation of quantitative phase imaging of single cells flowing through parallel microfluidic channels. Here, the approach was applied for characterizing the morphology of individual red blood cells during storage under regular blood bank conditions. Samples from five blood donors were examined, over 100,000 cells examined for each, at three time points. The approach allows high-throughput phase imaging of a large number of cells, greatly extending our ability to study cellular phenotypes using individual cell images. Holographic cytology images can provide measurements of multiple physical traits of the cells, including optical volume and area, which are observed to consistently change over the storage time. In addition, the large volume of cell imaging data can serve as training data for machine-learning algorithms. For the study here, logistic regression was used to classify the cells according to the storage time points. The analysis showed that at least 5000 cells are needed to ensure accuracy of the classifiers. Overall, results showed the potential of holographic cytometry as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sang Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (H.-S.P.); (H.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Hillel Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (H.-S.P.); (H.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Ceballos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (H.-S.P.); (H.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (H.-S.P.); (H.P.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Tabtimmai L, Srisook P, Kuaprasert B, Thumanu K, Choowongkomon K. FTIR spectra signatures reveal different cellular effects of EGFR inhibitors on nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960012. [PMID: 31595681 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ATP-analogue inhibitors, Gefitinib (Iressa) and Erlotinib (Tarceva) had been approved for advanced and metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells against tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Many techniques have been developed to better understand the drug mechanism which is multistep, time-consuming and expensive. Herein, we performed Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy for evaluating the biochemical change on NSCLC (A549) cells after treatment. At levels that produced equivalent effects, Gefitinib dramatically induced cell apoptosis via impaired mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Whereas, Erlotinib had a slight effect on A549. Principal component analysis was performed to distinguish the effect of EGFR inhibitors on A549. FTIR spectra regions were divided into three regions: lipids (3000-2800 cm-1 ), proteins (1700-1500 cm-1 ) and carbohydrates and nuclei acids (1200-1000 cm-1 ). Biochemical changes can be evaluated by these spectral regions. This work may be a novel concept for utilizing FTIR spectroscopy for high-throughput discriminative effects of a drug or compound and its derivatives on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lueacha Tabtimmai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimonwan Srisook
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Buabarn Kuaprasert
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasrima, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasrima, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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More TA, Dalal B, Devendra R, Warang P, Shankarkumar A, Kedar P. Applications of imaging flow cytometry in the diagnostic assessment of red cell membrane disorders. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2019; 98:238-249. [PMID: 31750618 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red cell membranopathies refers to phenotypically and morphologically heterogeneous disorders. High throughput imaging flow cytometry (IFC) combines the speed, sensitivity, and phenotyping abilities of flow cytometry with the detailed imagery and functional insights of microscopy to produce high content image analysis with quantitative analysis. We have evaluated the applications of IFC to examine both the morphology as well as fluorescence signal intensity in red cell membranopathies. METHODS Fluorescence intensity of eosin-5-maleimide (EMA) labeled red cells was measured for diagnosis of RBC membrane protein defect on Amnis ImageStreamX followed by Image analysis on IDEAS software to study features such as circularity and shape ratio. RESULTS The hereditary spherocytosis (HS) group showed significantly decreased MFI (52,800 ± 9,100) than normal controls (81,100 ± 4,700) (p < .05) whereas non-HS showed 78,300 ± 9,900. The shape ratio of hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) was significantly higher (43.8%) than normal controls (14.6%). The circularity score is higher in HS (64.15%) than the normal controls (44.3%) whereas the circularity score was very less in HE (10%) due to the presence of elliptocytes. CONCLUSIONS The advantages of the IFC over standard flow cytometry is its ability to provide high-content image analysis and measurement of parameters such as circularity and shape ratio allow discriminating red cell membranopathies (HS and HE) due to variations in shape and size. It could be a single, effective, and rapid IFC test for detection and differentiation of red cell membrane disorders in hematology laboratories where an IFC is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Anil More
- Department of Hematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhavik Dalal
- Department of Hematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Rati Devendra
- Department of Hematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant Warang
- Department of Hematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Aruna Shankarkumar
- Department of Hematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Prabhakar Kedar
- Department of Hematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
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Jones PS, Yekula A, Lansbury E, Small JL, Ayinon C, Mordecai S, Hochberg FH, Tigges J, Delcuze B, Charest A, Ghiran I, Balaj L, Carter BS. Characterization of plasma-derived protoporphyrin-IX-positive extracellular vesicles following 5-ALA use in patients with malignant glioma. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:23-35. [PMID: 31628025 PMCID: PMC6838454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas are rapidly progressive brain tumors with high mortality. Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) provides fluorescent delineation of malignant tissue, which helps achieve maximum safe resection. 5-ALA-based fluorescence is due to preferential accumulation of the fluorophore protoporphyrin-IX (PpIX) in malignant glioma tissue. Additionally, gliomas cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) which carry biomarkers of disease. Herein, we performed animal and human studies to investigate whether 5-ALA dosed glioma cells, in vitro and in vivo, release PpIX positive EVs in circulation which can be captured and analyzed. METHODS We used imaging flow cytometry (IFC) to characterize PpIX-positive EVs released from 5-ALA-dosed glioma cells, glioma-bearing xenograft models, as well as patients with malignant glioma undergoing FGS. FINDINGS We first show that glioma cells dosed with 5-ALA release 247-fold higher PpIX positive EVs compared to mock dosed glioma cells. Second, we demonstrate that the plasma of glioma-bearing mice (n = 2) dosed with 5-ALA contain significantly higher levels of circulating PpIX-positive EVs than their pre-dosing background (p = 0.004). Lastly, we also show that the plasma of patients with avidly fluorescent tumors (n = 4) undergoing FGS contain circulating PpIX-positive EVs at levels significantly higher than their pre-dosing background (p = 0.00009) and this rise in signal correlates with enhancing tumor volumes (r 2 = 0.888). INTERPRETATION Our findings highlight the potential of plasma-derived PpIX-positive EV-based diagnostics for malignant gliomas, offering a novel liquid biopsy platform for confirming and monitoring tumor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Lansbury
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julia L Small
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caroline Ayinon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott Mordecai
- Department of Pathology, Flow Cytometry Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - John Tigges
- Flow Cytometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bethany Delcuze
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alain Charest
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ionita Ghiran
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Quach ME, Syed AK, Li R. A Uniform Shear Assay for Human Platelet and Cell Surface Receptors via Cone-plate Viscometry. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31233025 DOI: 10.3791/59704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biological cells/tissues sense the mechanical properties of their local environments via mechanoreceptors, proteins that can respond to forces like pressure or mechanical perturbations. Mechanoreceptors detect their stimuli and transmit signals via a great diversity of mechanisms. Some of the most common roles for mechanoreceptors are in neuronal responses, like touch and pain, or hair cells which function in balance and hearing. Mechanosensation is also important for cell types which are regularly exposed to shear stress such as endothelial cells, which line blood vessels, or blood cells which experience shear in normal circulation. Viscometers are devices that detect the viscosity of fluids. Rotational viscometers may also be used to apply a known shear force to fluids. The ability of these instruments to introduce uniform shear to fluids has been exploited to study many biological fluids including blood and plasma. Viscometry may also be used to apply shear to the cells in a solution, and to test the effects of shear on specific ligand-receptor pairs. Here, we utilize cone-plate viscometry to test the effects of endogenous levels of shear stress on platelets treated with antibodies against the platelet mechanosensory receptor complex GPIb-IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Edward Quach
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Anum K Syed
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Renhao Li
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine;
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Stavrakis S, Holzner G, Choo J, deMello A. High-throughput microfluidic imaging flow cytometry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 55:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Reddy EC, Wang H, Christensen H, McMillan‐Ward E, Israels SJ, Bang KWA, Rand ML. Analysis of procoagulant phosphatidylserine-exposing platelets by imaging flow cytometry. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:736-750. [PMID: 30349893 PMCID: PMC6178738 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upon platelet activation, a subpopulation of procoagulant platelets is formed, characterized by the exposure of the anionic aminophospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface membrane. OBJECTIVE To evaluate procoagulant PS-exposing platelets by imaging flow cytometry. METHODS Platelet ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy, and a comprehensive analysis of procoagulant platelets was performed using imaging flow cytometry; platelets were fluorescently labeled for the markers glycoprotein (GP)IX, activated integrin αIIbβ3, CD62P, and PS exposure. RESULTS A subpopulation of platelets stimulated in suspension by the physiological agonists thrombin+collagen, and all platelets stimulated by the calcium ionophore A23187, had a distinct round morphology. These platelets were PS-exposing, larger in size, had an increased circularity index, and had reduced internal complexity compared with non-PS-exposing platelets. They expressed CD62P and αIIbβ3 in an inactive conformation on the surface, and demonstrated depolarized inner mitochondrial membranes. For the first time, using imaging flow cytometry, a large proportion of PS-exposing platelets possessing platelet-associated extracellular vesicles (EVs) was observed, which demonstrated heterogeneous platelet marker expression that was different from free released EVs. CONCLUSIONS Innovative imaging flow cytometry allowed detailed fluorescence-based, quantitative morphometric analysis of PS-exposing platelets; in becoming procoagulant, platelets undergo remarkable morphological changes, transforming into spherical "balloons," almost devoid of their normal internal architecture. Almost all PS-exposing platelets have associated EVs that are not detectable by traditional flow cytometry. While their functions have yet to be fully elucidated, the heterogeneity of platelet-associated and released EVs suggests that they may contribute to different aspects of hemostasis and of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Reddy
- Translational MedicineResearch InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Hong Wang
- Translational MedicineResearch InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Hilary Christensen
- Translational MedicineResearch InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | | | - Sara J. Israels
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - K. W. Annie Bang
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health SystemTorontoCanada
| | - Margaret L. Rand
- Translational MedicineResearch InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
- Division of Haematology/OncologyThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Biochemistry, and PaediatricsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
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12
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Easy Employment and Crosstalk-Free Detection of Seven Fluorophores in a Widefield Fluorescence Microscope. Methods Protoc 2018; 1:mps1020020. [PMID: 31164563 PMCID: PMC6526416 DOI: 10.3390/mps1020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunofluorescence staining has become an essential tool in pathology and biomedical sciences to identify rare cells, cell–cell interactions, and submicroscopic cellular components. Many experimental settings, however, suffer from the fact that traditional widefield fluorescence microscopy is usually restricted to imaging three or four fluorophores only. Due to a lack of morphological information and a high detection limit, even flow cytometry—which is capable of staining 20 or more fluorophores at the same time—is limited in its applicability, especially in areas such as rare cell detection. Other advanced imaging approaches, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy and imaging flow cytometry, may be addressing these shortcomings, but in turn require sophisticated downstream data processing and high capital outlay. Here, we describe a new method and filter set-up to routinely employ up to seven fluorophores on a traditional widefield fluorescence microscope equipped with a standard high-pressure mercury light source. Quantification of crosstalk between channels and actual seven-color imaging of cancer cells spiked into leukocytes demonstrate that there is no need for digital compensation correction algorithms. Our set-up thus permits a detailed analysis of rare cell populations, co-localization of antigens, and cell morphology in a standard research or routine laboratory setting.
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13
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Fc-independent immune thrombocytopenia via mechanomolecular signaling in platelets. Blood 2017; 131:787-796. [PMID: 29203584 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-784975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a prevalent autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody-induced platelet clearance. Some ITP patients are refractory to standard immunosuppressive treatments such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). These patients often have autoantibodies that target the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα), a major subunit of the platelet mechanoreceptor complex GPIb-IX. However, the molecular mechanism of this Fc-independent platelet clearance is not clear. Here, we report that many anti-LBD monoclonal antibodies such as 6B4, but not AK2, activated GPIb-IX in a shear-dependent manner and induced IVIg-resistant platelet clearance in mice. Single-molecule optical tweezer measurements of antibodies pulling on full-length GPIb-IX demonstrated that the unbinding force needed to dissociate 6B4 from the LBD far exceeds the force required to unfold the juxtamembrane mechanosensory domain (MSD) in GPIbα, unlike the AK2-LBD unbinding force. Binding of 6B4, not AK2, induced shear-dependent unfolding of the MSD on the platelet, as evidenced by increased exposure of a linear sequence therein. Imaging flow cytometry and aggregometry measurements of platelets and LBD-coated platelet-mimetic beads revealed that 6B4 can sustain crosslinking of platelets under shear, whereas 6B4 Fab and AK2 cannot. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which anti-LBD antibodies can exert a pulling force on GPIb-IX via platelet crosslinking, activating GPIb-IX by unfolding its MSD and inducing Fc-independent platelet clearance.
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Abstract
Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are angiogenic cells that appear in increased numbers in the peripheral circulation either as a result of vascular injury or in response to angiogenic stimuli. Elevated levels of CECs have been correlated with various disease states, indicating the use of CECs as a biomarker of disease. Flow cytometry is a widely accepted method for detecting and quantitating CECs. Flow cytometry provides statistical information on large numbers of cells but no information on morphological characteristics. Imaging flow cytometry combines traditional flow cytometry and microscopy, providing a streamlined, multiparameter approach to characterize the biological properties and morphology of large numbers of cells, and is particularly amenable for rare event analysis such as CECs. This approach for identifying and characterizing CECs allows the morphological characterization of large numbers of live, nucleated, single CECs, and alleviates the need for prior enrichment.
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15
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Peled S, Sade D, Bram Y, Porat Z, Kreiser T, Mimouni M, Lichtenstein A, Segal D, Gazit E. Single cell imaging and quantification of TDP-43 and α-synuclein intercellular propagation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:544. [PMID: 28373710 PMCID: PMC5428807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intercellular spreading of protein assemblies is a major factor in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. The quantitative study and visualization of cell-to-cell propagation using tagged-proteins is challenging due to the steric effect of relatively large fluorescence tags and the risk of 'false positive' identification when analyzing these rare transmission events. Here, we established a cell culture model to characterize the cell-to-cell transmission of TAR DNA-binding protein and α-synuclein, involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, respectively, using the small nine amino acid influenza hemagglutinin tag. The novel use of single cell resolution imaging flow cytometry allowed the visualization and quantification of all individual transmission events. Cell-level analysis of these events indicated that the degree of transfer is lower than previously reported based on conventional flow cytometry. Furthermore, our analysis can exclude 'false positive' events of cellular overlap and extracellular debris attachment. The results were corroborated by high-resolution confocal microscopy mapping of protein localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Peled
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Dorin Sade
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Yaron Bram
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Topaz Kreiser
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Michael Mimouni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexandra Lichtenstein
- Sackler Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Segal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Sagol Interdisciplinary School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
- Sagol Interdisciplinary School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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16
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Pietrocola F, Demont Y, Castoldi F, Enot D, Durand S, Semeraro M, Baracco EE, Pol J, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Bordenave C, Levesque S, Humeau J, Chery A, Métivier D, Madeo F, Maiuri MC, Kroemer G. Metabolic effects of fasting on human and mouse blood in vivo. Autophagy 2017; 13:567-578. [PMID: 28059587 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1271513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Starvation is a strong physiological stimulus of macroautophagy/autophagy. In this study, we addressed the question as to whether it would be possible to measure autophagy in blood cells after nutrient deprivation. Fasting of mice for 48 h (which causes ∼20% weight loss) or starvation of human volunteers for up to 4 d (which causes <2% weight loss) provokes major changes in the plasma metabolome, yet induces only relatively minor alterations in the intracellular metabolome of circulating leukocytes. White blood cells from mice and human volunteers responded to fasting with a marked reduction in protein lysine acetylation, affecting both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. In circulating leukocytes from mice that underwent 48-h fasting, an increase in LC3B lipidation (as assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence) only became detectable if the protease inhibitor leupeptin was injected 2 h before drawing blood. Consistently, measurement of an enhanced autophagic flux was only possible if white blood cells from starved human volunteers were cultured in the presence or absence of leupeptin. Whereas all murine leukocyte subpopulations significantly increased the number of LC3B+ puncta per cell in response to nutrient deprivation, only neutrophils from starved volunteers showed signs of activated autophagy (as determined by a combination of multi-color immunofluorescence, cytofluorometry and image analysis). Altogether, these results suggest that white blood cells are suitable for monitoring autophagic flux. In addition, we propose that the evaluation of protein acetylation in circulating leukocytes can be adopted as a biochemical marker of organismal energetic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pietrocola
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Yohann Demont
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France.,f Sotio a.c. ; Prague , Czech Republic
| | - David Enot
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Sylvère Durand
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Michaela Semeraro
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,e Centre d'Investigation Clinique-Unité de Recherche Clinique Paris Centre Necker-Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris , France
| | - Elisa Elena Baracco
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Jose Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Chloé Bordenave
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Sarah Levesque
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Juliette Humeau
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Alexis Chery
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Didier Métivier
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France
| | - Frank Madeo
- g Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria.,h BioTechMed-Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - M Chiara Maiuri
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- a Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,d Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France.,i Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP , Paris , France.,j Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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17
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Han Y, Gu Y, Zhang AC, Lo YH. Review: imaging technologies for flow cytometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4639-4647. [PMID: 27830849 PMCID: PMC5311077 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01063f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput single cell imaging is a critical enabling and driving technology in molecular and cellular biology, biotechnology, medicine and related areas. Imaging flow cytometry combines the single-cell imaging capabilities of microscopy with the high-throughput capabilities of conventional flow cytometry. Recent advances in imaging flow cytometry are remarkably revolutionizing single-cell analysis. This article describes recent imaging flow cytometry technologies and their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA.
| | - Yi Gu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA.
| | - Alex Ce Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA.
| | - Yu-Hwa Lo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA.
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18
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Nierode G, Kwon PS, Dordick JS, Kwon SJ. Cell-Based Assay Design for High-Content Screening of Drug Candidates. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 26:213-25. [PMID: 26428732 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1508.08007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To reduce attrition in drug development, it is crucial to consider the development and implementation of translational phenotypic assays as well as decipher diverse molecular mechanisms of action for new molecular entities. High-throughput fluorescence and confocal microscopes with advanced analysis software have simplified the simultaneous identification and quantification of various cellular processes through what is now referred to as highcontent screening (HCS). HCS permits automated identification of modifiers of accessible and biologically relevant targets and can thus be used to detect gene interactions or identify toxic pathways of drug candidates to improve drug discovery and development processes. In this review, we summarize several HCS-compatible, biochemical, and molecular biology-driven assays, including immunohistochemistry, RNAi, reporter gene assay, CRISPR-Cas9 system, and protein-protein interactions to assess a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, morphological changes, protein expression, localization, post-translational modifications, and protein-protein interactions. These cell-based assay methods can be applied to not only 2D cell culture but also 3D cell culture systems in a high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Nierode
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Paul S Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Seok-Joon Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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19
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McFarlin BK, Gary MA. Flow cytometry what you see matters: Enhanced clinical detection using image-based flow cytometry. Methods 2016; 112:1-8. [PMID: 27620330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Image-based flow cytometry combines the throughput of traditional flow cytometry with the ability to visually confirm findings and collect novel data that would not be possible otherwise. Since image-based flow cytometry borrows measurement parameters and analysis techniques from microscopy, it is possible to collect unique measures (i.e. nuclear translocation, co-localization, cellular synapse, cellular endocytosis, etc.) that would not be possible with traditional flow cytometry. The ability to collect unique outcomes has led many researchers to develop novel assays for the monitoring and detection of a variety of clinical conditions and diseases. In many cases, investigators have innovated and expanded classical assays to provide new insight regarding clinical conditions and chronic disease. Beyond human clinical applications, image-based flow cytometry has been used to monitor marine biology changes, nano-particles for solar cell production, and particle quality in pharmaceuticals. This review article summarizes work from the major scientists working in the field of image-based flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, United States; University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, United States.
| | - Melody A Gary
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, United States
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20
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Levi O, Shapira A, Tal B, Benhar I, Eliaz N. Isolating epidermal growth factor receptor overexpressing carcinoma cells from human whole blood by bio-ferrography. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2014; 88:136-44. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Levi
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Tel-Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Assaf Shapira
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Tel-Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Baruch Tal
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Tel-Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Itai Benhar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Tel-Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Noam Eliaz
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Tel-Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
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21
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Radecke CE, Warrick AE, Singh GD, Rogers JH, Simon SI, Armstrong EJ. Coronary artery endothelial cells and microparticles increase expression of VCAM-1 in myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 2014; 113:605-16. [PMID: 25413339 DOI: 10.1160/th14-02-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterised by progressive atherosclerotic plaque leading to flow-limiting stenosis, while myocardial infarction (MI) occurs due to plaque rupture or erosion with abrupt coronary artery occlusion. Multiple inflammatory pathways influence plaque stability, but direct assessment of endothelial inflammation at the site of coronary artery stenosis has largely been limited to pathology samples or animal models of atherosclerosis. We describe a technique for isolating and characterising endothelial cells (ECs) and EC microparticles (EMPs) derived directly from the site of coronary artery plaque during balloon angioplasty and percutaneous coronary intervention. Coronary artery endothelial cells (CAECs) were identified using imaging flow cytometry (IFC), and individual CAEC and EMP expression of the pro-atherogenic adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was assessed immediately following angioplasty. Patients with MI registered 73 % higher VCAM-1 expression on their CAECs and 79 % higher expression on EMPs compared to patients with stable CAD. In contrast, VCAM-1 expression was absent on ECs in the peripheral circulation from these same subjects. VCAM-1 density was significantly higher on CAECs and EMPs among patients with MI and positively correlated with markers of myocardial infarct size. We conclude that increased VCAM-1 expression on EC and formation of EMP at the site of coronary plaque is positively correlated with the extent of vascular inflammation in patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Scott I Simon
- Scott I. Simon, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA, Tel.: +1 530 752 0299, E-mail
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22
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Eissing N, Heger L, Baranska A, Cesnjevar R, Büttner-Herold M, Söder S, Hartmann A, Heidkamp GF, Dudziak D. Easy performance of 6-color confocal immunofluorescence with 4-laser line microscopes. Immunol Lett 2014; 161:1-5. [PMID: 24726673 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy is an advanced technique for imaging tissue samples in vitro and in vivo at high optical resolution. The development of new fluorochrome variants do not only make it possible to perform multicolor flow cytometry of single cells, but in combination with high resolution laser scanning systems also to investigate the distribution of cells in lymphoid tissues by confocal immunofluorescence analyses, thus allowing the distinction of various cell populations directly in the tissue. Here, we provide a protocol for the visualization of at least six differently fluorochrome-labeled antibodies at the same time using a conventional confocal laser scanning microscope with four laser lines (405 nm, 488 nm, 555 nm, and 639 nm laser wavelength) in both murine and human tissue samples. We further demonstrate that compensation correction algorithms are not necessary to reduce spillover of fluorochromes into other channels when the used fluorochromes are combined according to their specific emission bands and the varying Stokes shift for co-excited fluorochromes with the same laser line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Eissing
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Baranska
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Cesnjevar
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Söder
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Pathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Pathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gordon F Heidkamp
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Erlangen, Germany.
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23
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Filby A. "Mega" cytometry for a "mega" challenging cell type. Cytometry A 2014; 85:289-91. [PMID: 24436289 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Filby
- FACS Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
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24
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Abstract
Within the last 25 years, flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting have emerged as both routine diagnostic tools in clinical medicine and as advanced analytic tools critical in performing scientific research. This chapter aims at summarizing the use of flow cytometry in benign and malignant hematology and the monitoring of inherited and acquired immunodeficiency states. Numerous figures are provided from our laboratories at Massachusetts General Hospital that illustrate examples of these conditions. The chapter also describes novel flow cytometry-based imaging techniques, the combination of flow cytometry and mass spectrography, new software tools, and some future directions and applications of advanced instrumentation for flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Krause
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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