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Hu N, Ding N, Yang Y, Huo H, Liu L, Wang F. If CE affects infertile women's outcomes after surgery? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 301:82-86. [PMID: 39116479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of chronic endometritis (CE) in infertile patients and whether it affects spontaneous pregnancy after reproductive surgery in infertile patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we collected clinical information on infertility patients who underwent reproductive surgery at the Reproductive Medicine Centre of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from 2021.1 to 2022.8. All patients underwent laparoscopic and hysteroscopic surgery. Tubal lubrication was performed concurrently with endometrial sample collection and pathological examination. The specimens were immunohistochemically stained with CD38 and CD138, and those who tested positive at the same time were diagnosed with chronic endometritis. As of 2023.9, the patients were followed up by telephone to determine whether chronic endometritis impacted postoperative pregnancy. OUTCOME A total of 81 patients were finally included in the study. Of these, 25 were in the chronic endometritis group, and 56 were in the non-chronic endometritis group. There were no appreciable differences between the two groups' demographic statistics. Furthermore, neither the bilateral appendages nor the uterus's intraoperative conditions showed a statistically significant difference. Patients in the chronic endometritis group had a longer time to conception from the time of surgery (7 (6.00-11.75) vs. 10 (6.50-16.00), p = 0.467) and a lower rate of spontaneous pregnancies (8/25 = 32.00 % vs. 28/55 = 50.00 %, p = 0.132) than patients with non-chronic endometritis. Among the patients who had successful spontaneous pregnancies after surgery, approximately 77.14 % had live births and 22.86 % had miscarriages, and the live birth rate between the two groups was not significantly different. (21/28 = 75.00 % vs 7/8 = 87.50 %, p = 0.651) CONCLUSION: Chronic endometritis affects approximately 31.82% of infertile patients, and following reproductive surgery, it has no discernible impact on spontaneous pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, China
| | - Yanting Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Huyan Huo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, China.
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2
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Yang S, Hu Q, Wang X, Qiao S, Qi C, Jin H, Zhong Y. Interferon Regulatory Factor 4: An Alternative Marker for Plasma Cells in Daratumumab-Treated Patients With Multiple Myeloma. Int J Lab Hematol 2024. [PMID: 39267340 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-CD38 therapeutic modalities (e.g., daratumumab) can impede classical CD38 and CD138 gating use for plasma cell (PC) detection in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with minimal residual disease (MRD). We assessed the applicability of CD229, CD269, and interferon regulatory factor (IRF-4) for PC detection in MM MRD patients. METHODS Bone marrow samples were collected from patients with MM. Through multiparameter flow cytometry, we evaluated the suitability of CD229, CD269, and IRF-4 for distinguishing PCs from other hematopoietic cells and compared their expression pattern on normal PCs (nPCs) and aberrant PCs (aPCs). We also assessed IRF-4 expression stability after sample storage under different conditions. A 10-color MRD antibody panel was used to determine whether IRF-4 is an alternative primary PC-gating marker for MM MRD assessment. RESULTS IRF-4 was expressed specifically on all PCs; its mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was highest on PCs among all hematopoietic cells. This MFI did not decrease even after sample storage at 4°C or 25°C for 72 h. In all 42 MRD assessment samples, except for samples (n = 10) with no PCs, the use of IRF-4 enabled accurate nPC (n = 12), aPC (n = 13), and nPC + aPC (n = 7) identification. Even samples from daratumumab-treated patients had high IRF-4 MFI, with no difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment (n = 7; p = 0.610). CONCLUSIONS IRF-4 demonstrates high MFI on PCs, and it is not expressed on other leukocytes. In MM patients with MRD, daratumumab treatment does not affect IRF-4 expression. IRF-4 is a promising marker for PC identification in MRD assessment of MM patients undergoing anti-CD38 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianwen Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofen Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sai Qiao
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhong
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Araki M, Mitsuhashi T, Yatabe Y, Arai T, Yokota H, Okita H, Sakurai M, Tsukada N, Kataoka K, Matsushita H. Simple flow cytometry method using a myeloma panel that easily reveals clonal proliferation of mature B-cells. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0359. [PMID: 39097836 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Araki
- Clinical Laboratory, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Mitsuhashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Yatabe
- Clinical Laboratory, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Arai
- Clinical Laboratory, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Okita
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Sakurai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsukada
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Matsushita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Olejarz W, Sadowski K, Szulczyk D, Basak G. Advancements in Personalized CAR-T Therapy: Comprehensive Overview of Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7743. [PMID: 39062986 PMCID: PMC11276786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a novel anticancer therapy using autologous or allogeneic T-cells. To date, six CAR-T therapies for specific B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Significant barriers to the effectiveness of CAR-T therapy include cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity in the case of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (Allo-SCT) graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), antigen escape, modest antitumor activity, restricted trafficking, limited persistence, the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and senescence and exhaustion of CAR-Ts. Furthermore, cancer drug resistance remains a major problem in clinical practice. CAR-T therapy, in combination with checkpoint blockades and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) or other drugs, appears to be an appealing anticancer strategy. Many of these agents have shown impressive results, combining efficacy with tolerability. Biomarkers like extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor (ctDNA) and miRNAs may play an important role in toxicity, relapse assessment, and efficacy prediction, and can be implicated in clinical applications of CAR-T therapy and in establishing safe and efficacious personalized medicine. However, further research is required to fully comprehend the particular side effects of immunomodulation, to ascertain the best order and combination of this medication with conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapies, and to find reliable predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Sadowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Daniel Szulczyk
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Basak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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Schett G, Nagy G, Krönke G, Mielenz D. B-cell depletion in autoimmune diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2024-225727. [PMID: 38777374 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2024-225727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
B cells have a pivotal function in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In autoimmune disease, B cells orchestrate antigen presentation, cytokine production and autoantibody production, the latter via their differentiation into antibody-secreting plasmablasts and plasma cells. This article addresses the current therapeutic strategies to deplete B cells in order to ameliorate or potentially even cure autoimmune disease. It addresses the main target antigens in the B-cell lineage that are used for therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, it summarises the current evidence for successful treatment of autoimmune disease with monoclonal antibodies targeting B cells and the limitations and challenges of these approaches. Finally, the concept of deep B-cell depletion and immunological reset by chimeric antigen receptor T cells is discussed, as well as the lessons from this approach for better understanding the role of B cells in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - György Nagy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hospital of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
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6
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Ishii A, Tsukamoto S, Mimura N, Miyamoto-Nagai Y, Isshiki Y, Matsui S, Nakao S, Shibamiya A, Hino Y, Kayamori K, Oshima-Hasegawa N, Muto T, Takeda Y, Suichi T, Misawa S, Ohwada C, Yokote K, Kuwabara S, Nakaseko C, Takamatsu H, Sakaida E. Detection of clonal plasma cells in POEMS syndrome using multiparameter flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10362. [PMID: 38710832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein [M-protein], and skin changes) is a rare systemic disorder characterized by various symptoms caused by underlying plasma cell (PC) dyscrasia. Detection of monoclonal PCs is mandatory for the diagnosis of POEMS syndrome; however, the usefulness of EuroFlow-based next-generation flow cytometry (EuroFlow-NGF) in POEMS syndrome for detecting monoclonal PCs in bone marrow (BM) and the gating strategy suitable for flow cytometry study of POEMS syndrome remain unknown. We employed EuroFlow-NGF-based single-tube eight-color multiparameter flow cytometry (MM-flow) and established a new gating strategy (POEMS-flow) to detect the monoclonal PCs in POEMS syndrome, gating CD38 broadly from dim to bright and CD45 narrowly from negative to dim compared to MM-flow. MM-flow detected monoclonal PCs in 9/25 (36.0%) cases, including 2/2 immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)-negative cases (100%). However, POEMS-flow detected monoclonal PCs in 18/25 cases (72.0%), including 2/2 IFE-negative cases (100%). POEMS-flow detected monoclonal PCs with immunophenotypes of CD19- in 17/18 (94.4%). In six cases where post-treatment samples were available, the size of the clones was significantly reduced after the treatment (P = 0.031). POEMS-flow can enhance the identification rate of monoclonal PCs in POEMS syndrome and become a valuable tool for the diagnosis of POEMS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Ishii
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shokichi Tsukamoto
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Naoya Mimura
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Isshiki
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Sanshiro Nakao
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Asuka Shibamiya
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yutaro Hino
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kayamori
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Tomoya Muto
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takeda
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoki Suichi
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sonoko Misawa
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chikako Ohwada
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nakaseko
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamatsu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Emiko Sakaida
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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7
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Jiménez C, Garrote-de-Barros A, López-Portugués C, Hernández-Sánchez M, Díez P. Characterization of Human B Cell Hematological Malignancies Using Protein-Based Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4644. [PMID: 38731863 PMCID: PMC11083628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The maturation of B cells is a complex, multi-step process. During B cell differentiation, errors can occur, leading to the emergence of aberrant versions of B cells that, finally, constitute a malignant tumor. These B cell malignancies are classified into three main groups: leukemias, myelomas, and lymphomas, the latter being the most heterogeneous type. Since their discovery, multiple biological studies have been performed to characterize these diseases, aiming to define their specific features and determine potential biomarkers for diagnosis, stratification, and prognosis. The rise of advanced -omics approaches has significantly contributed to this end. Notably, proteomics strategies appear as promising tools to comprehensively profile the final molecular effector of these cells. In this narrative review, we first introduce the main B cell malignancies together with the most relevant proteomics approaches. Then, we describe the core studies conducted in the field and their main findings and, finally, we evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of flow cytometry, mass cytometry, and mass spectrometry for the profiling of human B cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Jiménez
- Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), CIBERONC and Cancer Research Institute of Salamanca-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alba Garrote-de-Barros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-d.-B.); (M.H.-S.)
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Portugués
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-d.-B.); (M.H.-S.)
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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8
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Giannakoulas A, Nikolaidis M, Amoutzias GD, Giannakoulas N. A comparative analysis of transcriptomics of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: exploring drug repurposing. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1390105. [PMID: 38690165 PMCID: PMC11058662 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1390105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignant plasma cell disorder characterized by the infiltration of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow compartment. Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) has emerged as a powerful investigation tool in modern myeloma research enabling the dissection of the molecular background of MM and allowing the identification of gene products that could potentially serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this study we investigated shared transcriptomic abnormalities across newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patient cohorts. In total, publicly available transcriptomic data of 7 studies from CD138+ cells from 281 NDMM patients and 44 healthy individuals were integrated and analyzed. Overall, we identified 28 genes that were consistently differentially expressed (DE) between NDMM patients and healthy donors (HD) across various studies. Of those, 9 genes were over/under-expressed in more than 75% of NDMM patients. In addition, we identified 4 genes (MT1F, PURPL, LINC01239 and LINC01480) that were not previously considered to participate in MM pathogenesis. Meanwhile, by mining three drug databases (ChEMBL, IUPHAR/BPS and DrugBank) we identified 31 FDA-approved and 144 experimental drugs that target 8 of these 28 over/under-expressed MM genes. Taken together, our study offers new insights in MM pathogenesis and importantly, it reveals potential new treatment options that need to be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Giannakoulas
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marios Nikolaidis
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Grigorios D. Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Giannakoulas
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Shi L, Yan W, Xu J, Li L, Cui J, Liu Y, Du C, Yu T, Zhang S, Sui W, Deng S, Xu Y, Zou D, Wang H, Qiu L, An G. Immunophenotypic profile defines cytogenetic stability and unveils distinct prognoses in patients with newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1305-1315. [PMID: 38049586 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Prognostic significance of multiple immune antigens in multiple myeloma has been well established. However, a level of uncertainty remains regarding the intrinsic relationship between immunophenotypes and cytogenetic stability and precise risk stratification. To address these unresolved issues, we conducted a study involving 1389 patients enrolled in the National Longitudinal Cohort of Hematological Diseases in China (NCT04645199). Our results revealed that the correlation between antigen expression and cytogenetics is more prominent than cytopenia or organ dysfunction. Most immune antigens, apart from CD38, CD138, and CD81, exhibit significant associations with the incidence of at least one cytogenetic abnormality. In turn, we identified CD138-low/CD27-neg as specific adverse immunophenotypic profile, which remaining independent impact on progression-free survival (HR, 1.49; P = 0.007) and overall survival (HR, 1.77; P < 0.001) even in the context of cytogenetics. Importantly, CD138-low/CD27-neg profile was also associated with inferior survival after first relapse (P < 0.001). Moreover, the antigen expression profiles were not strictly similar when comparing diagnosis and relapse; in particular, the CD138-low/CD27-neg pattern was notably increased after disease progression (19.1 to 29.1%; P = 0.005). Overall, our study demonstrates that diverse immune profiles are strongly associated with cytogenetic stability, and a specific immunophenotype (CD138-low/CD27-neg) could effectively predict prognoses across different disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Lingna Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Jian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Yuntong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Chenxing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Tengteng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Weiwei Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Shuhui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Dehui Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Lugui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
| | - Gang An
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
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10
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Wang X, Luo K, Xu Q, Chi L, Guo Y, Jia C, Quan L. Prognostic marker CD27 and its micro-environmental in multiple myeloma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:352. [PMID: 38504180 PMCID: PMC10949675 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cluster of Differentiation 27 (CD27) is aberrantly expressed in multiple myeloma (MM) -derived. This expression facilitates the interaction between tumor and immune cells within TME via the CD27-CD70 pathway, resulting in immune evasion and subsequent tumor progression. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between CD27 expression and the prognosis of MM, and to elucidate its potential relationship with the immune microenvironment. METHODS In this research, CD27 expression in T cells within the 82 newly diagnosed MM microenvironment was assessed via flow cytometry. We then examined the association between CD27 expression levels and patient survival. Subsequent a series of bioinformatics and in vitro experiments were conducted to reveal the role of CD27 in MM. RESULTS Clinical evidence suggests that elevated CD27 expression in T cells within the bone marrow serves as a negative prognostic marker for MM survival. Data analysis from the GEO database has demonstrated a strong association between MM-derived CD27 and the immune response, as well as the hematopoietic system. Importantly, patients with elevated levels of CD27 expression were also found to have an increased presence of MDSCs and macrophages in the bone marrow microenvironment. Furthermore, the PERK-ATF4 signaling pathway has been implicated in mediating the effects of CD27 in MM. CONCLUSIONS We revealed that CD27 expression levels serve as an indicative marker for the prognosis of MM patients. The CD27- PERK-ATF4 is a promising target for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Wang
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyang Luo
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuting Xu
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Chi
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Guo
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuiming Jia
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lina Quan
- Hematology Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Busarello E, Biancon G, Lauria F, Ibnat Z, Ramirez C, Tomè G, Aass KR, VanOudenhove J, Standal T, Viero G, Halene S, Tebaldi T. Interpreting single-cell messages in normal and aberrant hematopoiesis with the Cell Marker Accordion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584053. [PMID: 38559181 PMCID: PMC10979856 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies offer a unique opportunity to explore cellular heterogeneity in hematopoiesis, reveal malignant hematopoietic cells with clinically significant features and measure gene signatures linked to pathological pathways. However, reliable identification of cell types is a crucial bottleneck in single-cell analysis. Available databases contain dissimilar nomenclature and non-concurrent marker sets, leading to inconsistent annotations and poor interpretability. Furthermore, current tools focus mostly on physiological cell types, lacking extensive applicability in disease. We developed the Cell Marker Accordion, a user-friendly platform for the automatic annotation and biological interpretation of single-cell populations based on consistency weighted markers. We validated our approach on peripheral blood and bone marrow single-cell datasets, using surface markers and expert-based annotation as the ground truth. In all cases, we significantly improved the accuracy in identifying cell types with respect to any single source database. Moreover, the Cell Marker Accordion can identify disease-critical cells and pathological processes, extracting potential biomarkers in a wide variety of contexts in human and murine single-cell datasets. It characterizes leukemia stem cell subtypes, including therapy-resistant cells in acute myeloid leukemia patients; it identifies malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma samples; it dissects cell type alterations in splicing factor-mutant cells from myelodysplastic syndrome patients; it discovers activation of innate immunity pathways in bone marrow from mice treated with METTL3 inhibitors. The breadth of these applications elevates the Cell Marker Accordion as a flexible, faithful and standardized tool to annotate and interpret hematopoietic populations in single-cell datasets focused on the study of hematopoietic development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Busarello
- Laboratory of RNA and Disease Data Science, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Biancon
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR Unit at Trento, Italy
| | - Zuhairia Ibnat
- Laboratory of RNA and Disease Data Science, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Christian Ramirez
- Laboratory of RNA and Disease Data Science, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tomè
- Laboratory of RNA and Disease Data Science, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR Unit at Trento, Italy
| | - Kristin R Aass
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jennifer VanOudenhove
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Therese Standal
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Toma Tebaldi
- Laboratory of RNA and Disease Data Science, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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12
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Miyamori M, Ichikawa T, Inamura N, Takekawa H, Sakoda K, Yamada K, Suzuki F. Primary lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma of the larynx mimicking extramedullary plasmacytoma: A case report. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:132. [PMID: 38362232 PMCID: PMC10867733 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary haematological neoplasms of the larynx are uncommon; therefore, information regarding their epidemiology is limited and the diagnosis of histological types requires careful consideration. The current study describes the case of a 72-year-old male patient with primary laryngeal lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) that was difficult to distinguish from plasmacytoma. Imaging examinations of the neck revealed a mass in the right laryngeal folds, 25×12×25 mm in size, which was surgically resected by direct laryngoscopy. Histopathologically, the mass showed diffuse proliferation of plasma cells with CD138 (+) and IgG (+) in the submucosal stroma. Flow cytometry revealed the tumour was positive for CD19 and negative for CD56. Based on these findings, the final diagnosis was confirmed as LPL, albeit similar to plasmacytoma regarding phenotypic features. There was no evidence of local or systemic recurrence following surgery, and the patient has been followed up without additional treatment. This case highlights the unique presentation of laryngeal lymphoma mimicking solitary plasmacytoma. The key factor in the diagnosis was the expression pattern of surface antigen markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Miyamori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Thyroid Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8604, Japan
| | - Takaya Ichikawa
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8604, Japan
| | - Naoya Inamura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Thyroid Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8604, Japan
| | - Hana Takekawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Kento Sakoda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Thyroid Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8604, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Thyroid Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8604, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Thyroid Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8604, Japan
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13
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Cui J, Yu T, Lv R, Liu J, Fan H, Yan W, Xu J, Du C, Deng S, Sui W, Ho M, Xu Y, Anderson KC, Dong X, Qiu L, An G. Longitudinal genetically detectable minimal residual disease by fluorescence in situ hybridization confers a poor prognosis in myeloma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359231221340. [PMID: 38249329 PMCID: PMC10799601 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231221340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Deeper depth of response (DpR) after induction therapy, especially gain of negative minimal residual disease (MRD), has been linked to prolonged survival in multiple myeloma (MM). However, flow-MRD examination focuses on the numbers but not on the biological characteristics of residual plasma cells (PCs). Objectives To explore whether the genetic features of residual tumor cells affect the survival time of patients with MM. Design A retrospective cohort study. Methods We investigated the clonality of cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) of the residual PCs using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) in the National Longitudinal Cohort of Hematological Diseases in China (NCT04645199). Here, a longitudinal cohort of 269 patients with patient-paired diagnostic and post-induction iFISH results was analyzed. Results Persistent CAs after induction therapy were detected in about half of the patients (118/269, 43%), and patients with undetectable CAs showed significantly improved survival compared with those with genetically detectable MRD [median progression-free survival (mPFS): 59.7 versus 35.7 months, p < 0.001; median overall survival (mOS): 97.1 versus 68.8 months, p = 0.011]. In addition, different patterns of therapy-induced clonal evolution were observed by comparing the clonal structure of residual PCs with paired baseline samples. Patients who maintained at a high risk during follow-up had the worst survival (mPFS: 30.5 months; mOS: 54.4 months), while those who returned to lower risk or had iFISH- at both time points had the best survival (mPFS: 62.0 months, mOS: not reached). Conclusion These findings highlighted the prognostic value of genetic testing in residual tumor cells, which may provide a deep understanding of clonal evolution and guide clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Tengteng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Huishou Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuhui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwei Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Matthew Ho
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xifeng Dong
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshandao, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lugui Qiu
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Gang An
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300020, China
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14
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Cárdenas MC, García-Sanz R, Puig N, Pérez-Surribas D, Flores-Montero J, Ortiz-Espejo M, de la Rubia J, Cruz-Iglesias E. Recommendations for the study of monoclonal gammopathies in the clinical laboratory. A consensus of the Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine and the Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy. Part I: Update on laboratory tests for the study of monoclonal gammopathies. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:2115-2130. [PMID: 37477188 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathies (MG) are characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells that produce identical abnormal immunoglobulins (intact or some of their subunits). This abnormal immunoglobulin component is called monoclonal protein (M-protein), and is considered a biomarker of proliferative activity. The identification, characterization and measurement of M-protein is essential for the management of MG. We conducted a systematic review of the different tests and measurement methods used in the clinical laboratory for the study of M-protein in serum and urine, the biochemistry and hematology tests necessary for clinical evaluation, and studies in bone marrow, peripheral blood and other tissues. This review included literature published between 2009 and 2022. The paper discusses the main methodological characteristics and limitations, as well as the purpose and clinical value of the different tests used in the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and assessment of treatment response in MG. Included are methods for the study of M-protein, namely electrophoresis, measurement of immunoglobulin levels, serum free light chains, immunoglobulin heavy chain/light chain pairs, and mass spectrometry, and for the bone marrow examination, morphological analysis, cytogenetics, molecular techniques, and multiparameter flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Cárdenas
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Protein Commission, Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQCML), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Research Biomedical Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), CIBERONC and Center for Cancer Research-IBMCC (University of Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Puig
- Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Research Biomedical Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), CIBERONC and Center for Cancer Research-IBMCC (University of Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Surribas
- Laboratori Pasteur, Andorra La Vella, Andorra
- Protein Commission, Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQCML), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Flores-Montero
- Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Research Biomedical Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), CIBERONC and Center for Cancer Research-IBMCC (University of Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ortiz-Espejo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- Protein Commission, Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQCML), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier de la Rubia
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe & Universidad Católica de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC CB16/12/00284, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cruz-Iglesias
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
- Protein Commission, Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQCML), Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Hui H, Fuller KA, Eresta Jaya L, Konishi Y, Ng TF, Frodsham R, Speight G, Yamada K, Clarke SE, Erber WN. IGH cytogenetic abnormalities can be detected in multiple myeloma by imaging flow cytometry. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:763-769. [PMID: 36113967 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cytogenetic abnormalities involving the IGH gene are seen in up to 55% of patients with multiple myeloma. Current testing is performed manually by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) on purified plasma cells. We aimed to assess whether an automated imaging flow cytometric method that uses immunophenotypic cell identification, and does not require cell isolation, can identify IGH abnormalities. METHODS Aspirated bone marrow from 10 patients with multiple myeloma were studied. Plasma cells were identified by CD38 and CD138 coexpression and assessed with FISH probes for numerical or structural abnormalities of IGH. Thousands of cells were acquired on an imaging flow cytometer and numerical data and digital images were analysed. RESULTS Up to 30 000 cells were acquired and IGH chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 5 of the 10 marrow samples. FISH signal patterns seen included fused IGH signals for IGH/FGFR3 and IGH/MYEOV, indicating t(4;14) and t(11;14), respectively. In addition, three IGH signals were identified, indicating trisomy 14 or translocation with an alternate chromosome. The lowest limit of detection of an IGH abnormality was in 0.05% of all cells. CONCLUSIONS This automated high-throughput immuno-flowFISH method was able to identify translocations and trisomy involving the IGH gene in plasma cells in multiple myeloma. Thousands of cells were analysed and without prior cell isolation. The inclusion of positive plasma cell identification based on immunophenotype led to a lowest detection level of 0.05% marrow cells. This imaging flow cytometric FISH method offers the prospect of increased precision of detection of critical genetic lesions involving IGH and other chromosomal defects in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA Australia
| | - Kathy A Fuller
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA Australia
| | | | | | - Teng Fong Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA Australia
| | | | | | | | - Sarah E Clarke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Wendy N Erber
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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16
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Fazio F, Lapietra G, Limongi MZ, Intoppa S, Milani ML, Piciocchi A, Martelli M, Guarini A, Foà R, De Propris MS, Petrucci MT. Multiparametric Flow Cytometry in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients: An Italian Monocentric Experience. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2023; 15:e2023047. [PMID: 37705525 PMCID: PMC10497315 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2023.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous malignancy characterized by the proliferation of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) plays a role in the work-up of the disease in view of the aberrant expression of surface antigens. Our study aimed at describing the antigenic profile detected by MFC in a series of newly diagnosed MM patients to correlate the level of expression with other features of the disease. Between April 2018 and June 2022, 84 consecutive MM patients were studied at presentation. CD56 and CD117 were commonly detected, while CD45, CD28, CD20, CD19, CD13 and CD33 were less recurrent. CD20 expression was associated with the type of secretory MM (p=0.041) and with a higher disease burden (p=0.038). CD28 positivity correlated with a lower platelet count at baseline (p=0.005) and with a lower rate of complete response (p=0.038). Furthermore, CD28 positivity and a lower CD138 expression tended to associate with the high-risk chromosomal translocations t(14;16) and t(4;14). The results of this study indicate that in the diagnostic work-up of MM, MFC may help to identify different patient subsets and improve risk stratification. These observations need to be validated in larger series of patients with a longer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fazio
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Lapietra
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Zaira Limongi
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Intoppa
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Milani
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Piciocchi
- Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell’Adulto (GIMEMA) Data Center, Fondazione GIMEMA Franco Mandelli Onlus
| | - Maurizio Martelli
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Guarini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Robin Foà
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania De Propris
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
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17
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Roshal M, Gao Q. Flow Cytometry in Diagnosis, Prognostication, and Monitoring of Multiple Myeloma and Related Disorders. Clin Lab Med 2023; 43:363-375. [PMID: 37481317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry plays a critical role in the diagnosis, prognostication, therapy response evaluation, and clinical management of plasma cell neoplasms. The review summarizes how flow cytometry is used in the initial evaluation to distinguish primary and secondary clonal plasma cell populations from each other and from reactive plasma cells. We further illustrate the kinds of prognostic information the assessment can provide at diagnosis and disease follow-up of primary plasma cell neoplasms. Technical requirements for MRD assays and their use in therapy efficacy assessment and clinical decision-making in multi-myeloma are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Roshal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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18
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Medina-Herrera A, Sarasquete ME, Jiménez C, Puig N, García-Sanz R. Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma: Past, Present, and Future. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3687. [PMID: 37509348 PMCID: PMC10377959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Responses to treatment have improved over the last decades for patients with multiple myeloma. This is a consequence of the introduction of new drugs that have been successfully combined in different clinical contexts: newly diagnosed, transplant-eligible or ineligible patients, as well as in the relapsed/refractory setting. However, a great proportion of patients continue to relapse, even those achieving complete response, which underlines the need for updated response criteria. In 2014, the international myeloma working group established new levels of response, prompting the evaluation of minimal residual disease (MRD) for those patients already in complete or stringent complete response as defined by conventional serological assessments: the absence of tumor plasma cells in 100,000 total cells or more define molecular and immunophenotypic responses by next-generation sequencing and flow cytometry, respectively. In this review, we describe all the potential methods that may be used for MRD detection based on the evidence found in the literature, paying special attention to their advantages and pitfalls from a critical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Medina-Herrera
- Departament of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Sarasquete
- Departament of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Jiménez
- Departament of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noemí Puig
- Departament of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Departament of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUSA/IBSAL), CIBERONC, CIC-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Ray U, Orlowski RZ. Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Multiple Myeloma: Just the Beginning, or the Beginning of the End? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040590. [PMID: 37111346 PMCID: PMC10145905 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells that is now often treated in the newly diagnosed and relapsed and/or refractory settings with monoclonal antibodies targeting lineage-specific markers used either alone or in rationally designed combination regimens. Among these are the anti-CD38 antibodies daratumumab and isatuximab, and the anti-Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7 antibody elotuzumab, all of which are used in their unconjugated formats. Single-chain variable fragments from antibodies also form a key element of the chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) in the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted CAR T-cell products idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel, which are approved in the advanced setting. Most recently, the bispecific anti-BCMA and T-cell-engaging antibody teclistamab has become available, again for patients with relapsed/refractory disease. Another format into which antibodies can be converted to exert anti-tumor efficacy is as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and belantamab mafodotin, which also targets BCMA, represented the first such agent that gained a foothold in myeloma. Negative results from a recent Phase III study have prompted the initiation of a process for withdrawal of its marketing authorization. However, belantamab remains a drug with some promise, and many other ADCs targeting either BCMA or other plasma cell surface markers are in development and showing potential. This contribution will provide an overview of some of the current data supporting the possibility that ADCs will remain a part of our chemotherapeutic armamentarium against myeloma moving forward, and also highlight areas for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Ray
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 429, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
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20
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Cordone I, Amodeo R, Bellesi S, Bottan F, Buccisano F, De Propris MS, Masi S, Panichi V, Scerpa MC, Annibali O, Bongarzoni V, Caravita di Toritto T, Coppetelli U, Cupelli L, de Fabritiis P, Franceschini L, Garzia M, Fiorini A, Laverde G, Mengarelli A, Za T, Petrucci MT. Consensus for Flow Cytometry Clinical Report on Multiple Myeloma: A Multicenter Harmonization Process Merging Laboratory Experience and Clinical Needs. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072060. [PMID: 37046720 PMCID: PMC10093543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a highly sensitive and specific approach for discriminating between normal and clonal plasma cells in multiple myeloma. Uniform response criteria after treatment have been established by the International Myeloma Working Group and the EuroFlow Group; however, the way in which flow cytometry data are reported has suffered from no collaborative or multicentre efforts. This study, involving 8 expert laboratories and 12 clinical hematology units of the Lazio region in Italy, aims to produce a uniform and shared report among the various Centres. From the pre-analytical phase to sample processing, data acquisition, analysis, and evaluation of the potential limitations and pitfalls of the entire process, the study reaches a final conclusion shared by laboratories and clinicians according to the most updated principles and recommendations. The aim was to identify the necessary data to be included in the clinical report by using multiple-choice questionnaires at every single stage of the process. An agreement of more than 75% of the laboratories was considered mandatory for the data to be included in the report. By ensuring the operational autonomy of each laboratory, this study provides a clear report that limits subjective interpretations and highlights possible bias in the process, better supporting clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iole Cordone
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-065-266-5110
| | - Rachele Amodeo
- Clinical Pathology and Biochemistry Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellesi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy and Haematology, IRCCS Foundation A. Gemelli University Hospital, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Bottan
- Clinical Pathology Unit, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Buccisano
- Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania De Propris
- Immunophenotype Laboratory, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, ‘Sapienza’ University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Masi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Panichi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Oncology and Haematology, Belcolle Central Hospital, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Scerpa
- Haematology and Stem Cell Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Ombretta Annibali
- Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Velia Bongarzoni
- Haematology Unit, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Coppetelli
- Haematology and Stem Cell Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luca Cupelli
- Haematology Unit, Sant’Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma 2, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Franceschini
- Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Garzia
- Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Fiorini
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Belcolle Central Hospital, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giacinto Laverde
- Haematology Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mengarelli
- Department of Research and Clinical Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Za
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy and Haematology, IRCCS Foundation A. Gemelli University Hospital, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Haematology Unit, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, ‘Sapienza’ University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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21
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Lenalidomide Maintenance and Measurable Residual Disease in a Real-World Multiple Myeloma Transplanted Population Receiving Different Treatment Strategies Guided by Access to Novel Drugs in Brazil. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051605. [PMID: 36900396 PMCID: PMC10000507 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in multiple myeloma (MM), the incorporation of novel agents and measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring in low-income countries remains a challenge. Although lenalidomide maintenance (M-Len) after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been associated with improved outcomes and MRD has refined the prognosis of complete response (CR) cases, until now, there have been no data on the benefits of these approaches in Latin America. Here, we evaluate the benefits of M-Len and MRD using next-generation flow cytometry (NGF-MRD) at Day + 100 post-ASCT (n = 53). After ASCT, responses were evaluated based on the International Myeloma Working Group criteria and NGF-MRD. MRD was positive in 60% of patients with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 31 months vs. not reached (NR) for MRD-negative cases (p = 0.05). The patients who received M-Len continuously had a significantly better PFS and overall survival (OS) than those without M-Len (median PFS: NR vs. 29 months, p = 0.007), with progression in 11% vs. 54% of cases after a median follow-up of 34 months, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, MRD status and M-Len therapy emerged as independent predictors of PFS (median PFS of M-Len/MRD- vs. no M-Len/MRD+ of NR vs. 35 months, respectively; p = 0.01). In summary, M-Len was associated with improved survival outcomes in our real-world MM cohort in Brazil, with MRD emerging as a useful reproducible tool to identify patients at an earlier risk of relapse. The inequity in drug access remains a hurdle in countries with financial constraints, with a negative impact on MM survival.
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22
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Goretzki A, Lin YJ, Meier C, Dorn B, Wolfheimer S, Jamin A, Schott M, Wangorsch A, Vieths S, Jakob T, Scheurer S, Schülke S. Stimulation of naïve B cells with a fusion protein consisting of FlaA and Bet v 1 induces regulatory B cells ex vivo. Allergy 2023; 78:663-681. [PMID: 36196479 DOI: 10.1111/all.15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experimental fusion protein rFlaA:Betv1 was shown to efficiently suppress allergen-specific sensitization in mice. However, the detailed mechanism of rFlaA:Betv1-mediated immune modulation is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of rFlaA:Betv1 on naïve murine B cells. METHODS Immune modulating capacity of rFlaA:Betv1 was screened in IL-10 reporter mice. B cells were isolated from spleens of naïve C57Bl/6, TLR5-/- , or MyD88-/- mice, stimulated with rFlaA:Betv1 and controls, and monitored for the expression of the regulatory B cell markers CD1d, CD24, CD38, and surface IgM by flow cytometry. Secreted cytokines, antibodies, and reactivity of the induced antibodies were investigated by ELISA and intracellular flow cytometry. Suppressive capacity of rFlaA:Betv1-stimulated B cells was tested in mDC:CD4+ T cell:B cell triple cultures. RESULTS Upon in vivo application of rFlaA:Betv1 into IL-10-GFP reporter mice, CD19+ B cells were shown to produce anti-inflammatory IL-10, suggesting B cells to contribute to the immune-modulatory properties of rFlaA:Betv1. rFlaA:Betv1-induced IL-10 secretion was confirmed in human B cells isolated from buffy coats. In vitro stimulation of naïve murine B cells with rFlaA:Betv1 resulted in an mTOR- and MyD88-dependent production of IL-10 and rFlaA:Betv1 induced Bet v 1-reactive IgG production, which was not observed for IgA. rFlaA:Betv1-stimulated B cells formed a CD19+ CD24+ CD1d+ IgM+ CD38+ Breg subpopulation capable of suppressing Bet v 1-induced TH2 cytokine secretion in vitro. CONCLUSION rFlaA:Betv1 can act as a thymus-independent B cell antigen, stimulating the mTOR- and MyD88-dependent differentiation of B cells displaying a regulatory phenotype, IL-10 secretion, antigen-binding antibody production, and a suppressive capacity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen-Ju Lin
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Clara Meier
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Britta Dorn
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Annette Jamin
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Maike Schott
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Vieths
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schülke
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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23
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Xia Y, Shen N, Zhang R, Wu Y, Shi Q, Li J, Chen L, Xu M, Jin Y. High-risk multiple myeloma predicted by circulating plasma cells and its genetic characteristics. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1083053. [PMID: 36845679 PMCID: PMC9947848 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1083053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Circulating plasma cells (CPC) have been reported to be one of the indicators of high-risk multiple myeloma (MM), yet the prognostic significance of CPC in Chinese population and the genetic mechanisms underlying CPC formation have not been fully elucidated. Methods Patients with newly diagnosed MM were included in this study. We used multi-parameter flow cytometry (MFC) for CPC quantification and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology for mutational landscape mapping to identify the correlation of CPC level with clinical characteristics and the mutations. Results A total of 301 patients were enrolled in this investigation. We demonstrated that CPC quantification could effectively mirror the tumor load, and CPC ≥ 0.105% at diagnosis or detectable CPC after therapy indicates poor treatment response and adverse outcome, and the introduction of CPC into the R-ISS enables a more accurate risk stratification. Interestingly, we noticed an elevated percentage of light-chain MM in patients with higher CPC. Mutational landscape revealed that patients harboring mutations in TP53, BRAF, DNMT3A, TENT5C, and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway-related genes tended to have higher CPC levels. Gene enrichment analysis demonstrated that pathways involving chromosome regulation and adhesion may be potential mechanisms accounting for CPC formation. Discussion Accordingly, quantification of CPC may provide a less-invasive and reliable approach for identifying high-risk MM in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Run Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinglin Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhangjiagang First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China,*Correspondence: Yuanyuan Jin, ; Min Xu,
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yuanyuan Jin, ; Min Xu,
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24
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Jakubikova J, Cholujova D, Beke G, Hideshima T, Klucar L, Leiba M, Jamroziak K, Richardson PG, Kastritis E, Dorfman DM, Anderson KC. Heterogeneity of B cell lymphopoiesis in patients with premalignant and active myeloma. JCI Insight 2023; 8:159924. [PMID: 36752202 PMCID: PMC9977435 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To better characterize the heterogeneity of multiple myeloma (MM), we profiled plasma cells (PCs) and their B cell lymphopoiesis in the BM samples from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering MM, and active MM by mass cytometry (CyTOF) analysis. Characterization of intra- and interneoplastic heterogeneity of malignant plasmablasts and PCs revealed overexpression of the MM SET domain (MMSET), Notch-1, and CD47. Variations in upregulation of B cell signaling regulators (IFN regulatory factor 4 [IRF-4], CXCR4, B cell lymphoma 6 [Bcl-6], c-Myc, myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 [MYD88], and spliced X box-binding protein 1 [sXBP-1]) and aberrant markers (CD319, CD269, CD200, CD117, CD56, and CD28) were associated with different clinical outcomes in clonal PC subsets. In addition, prognosis was related to heterogeneity in subclonal expression of stemness markers, including neuroepithelial stem cell protein (Nestin), SRY-box transcription factor 2 (Sox2), Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4), and Nanog. Furthermore, we have defined significantly elevated levels of MMSET, MYD88, c-Myc, CD243, Notch-1, and CD47 from hematopoietic stem cells to PCs in myeloma B cell lymphopoiesis, noted even in premalignant conditions, with variably modulated expression of B cell development regulators, including IRF-4, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, and sXBP-1; aberrant PC markers (such as CD52, CD44, CD200, CD81, CD269, CD117, and CXCR4); and stemness-controlling regulators, including Nanog, KLF-4, octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (Oct3/4), Sox2, and retinoic acid receptor α2 (RARα2). This study provides the rationale for precise molecular profiling of patients with MM by CyTOF technology to define disease heterogeneity and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jakubikova
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Tumor Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center,,Centre for Advanced Materials Application, and
| | - Danka Cholujova
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center,,Centre for Advanced Materials Application, and
| | - Gabor Beke
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lubos Klucar
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Merav Leiba
- Department of Hematology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paul G. Richardson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - David M. Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Cottini F, Benson D. To be or not to be: the role of CD56 in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2023; 14:47-49. [PMID: 36702332 PMCID: PMC9882993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cottini
- Correspondence to:Francesca Cottini, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA email
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26
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Foureau DM, Paul BA, Guo F, Lipford EH, Fesenkova K, Tjaden E, Drummond K, Bhutani M, Atrash S, Ndiaye A, Varga C, Voorhees PM, Usmani SZ. Standardizing Clinical Workflow for Assessing Minimal Residual Disease by Flow Cytometry in Multiple Myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:e41-e50. [PMID: 36443182 PMCID: PMC10448729 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minimal residual disease (MRD) status is an established prognostic biomarker for patients with multiple myeloma. Commonly used MRD testing techniques such as next generation sequencing or next generation flow cytometry can detect as little as one or two multiple myeloma plasma cells in 106 normal bone marrow cells. Early pull of bone marrow aspirates (BMA), necessary to achieve such level of sensitivity, can be difficult to secure in routine clinical practice due to the competing need for early pull samples for clinical response assessment, therefore introducing the risk of analytical interference during MRD testing. METHODS To overcome this challenge, we standardized our workflow for collecting specimens by using a technical first pull after needle repositioning for MRD testing. To capture a comprehensive picture of MRD assay performance and specimen adequacy, we tested for MRD on 556 technical first pull bone marrow aspirates by next generation flow cytometry. Among the specimens, several key multiple myeloma treatment milestones were represented: end of induction therapy, two to three months post-autologous stem cell transplant, early and late stages of maintenance therapy. RESULTS By using the technical first pull bone marrow aspirate, we achieved an analytical assay input of 10 million nucleated cells for 97.5% of specimens. Our analytical sensitivity reached 10-6; (i.e., 10 multiple myeloma plasma cells in 10 × 106 bone marrow cells). Twenty-four percent of specimens were significantly hemodiluted. Low assay input or hemodilution quantifiably lowered the assay sensitivity. CONCLUSION Specimen adequacy is, therefore, an important metric to incorporate into MRD status reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Foureau
- Immune Monitoring Core Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC.
| | - Barry A Paul
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Fei Guo
- Immune Monitoring Core Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Edward H Lipford
- Department of Hematologic Pathology, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Kateryna Fesenkova
- Immune Monitoring Core Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Elise Tjaden
- Department of Cancer Biostatistics, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Kendra Drummond
- Department of Cancer Biostatistics, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Manisha Bhutani
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Shebli Atrash
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Ami Ndiaye
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Cindy Varga
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Peter M Voorhees
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Saad Z Usmani
- Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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27
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Watson J, Ferguson HR, Brady RM, Ferguson J, Fullwood P, Mo H, Bexley KH, Knight D, Howell G, Schwartz JM, Smith MP, Francavilla C. Spatially resolved phosphoproteomics reveals fibroblast growth factor receptor recycling-driven regulation of autophagy and survival. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6589. [PMID: 36329028 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.17.427038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) endocytosis-dependent signalling drives cell proliferation and motility during development and adult homeostasis, but is dysregulated in diseases, including cancer. The recruitment of RTK signalling partners during endocytosis, specifically during recycling to the plasma membrane, is still unknown. Focusing on Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2b (FGFR2b) recycling, we reveal FGFR signalling partners proximal to recycling endosomes by developing a Spatially Resolved Phosphoproteomics (SRP) approach based on APEX2-driven biotinylation followed by phosphorylated peptides enrichment. Combining this with traditional phosphoproteomics, bioinformatics, and targeted assays, we uncover that FGFR2b stimulated by its recycling ligand FGF10 activates mTOR-dependent signalling and ULK1 at the recycling endosomes, leading to autophagy suppression and cell survival. This adds to the growing importance of RTK recycling in orchestrating cell fate and suggests a therapeutically targetable vulnerability in ligand-responsive cancer cells. Integrating SRP with other systems biology approaches provides a powerful tool to spatially resolve cellular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Watson
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Harriet R Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Rosie M Brady
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Jennifer Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Fullwood
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Hanyi Mo
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Katherine H Bexley
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK
| | - David Knight
- Bio-MS Core Research Facility, FBMH, The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Gareth Howell
- Flow Cytometry Core Research Facility, FBMH, The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Smith
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK.
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, M139PT, Manchester, UK.
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Canali A, Corre J, Riviere B, Condom P, Rieu J. Monoclonal plasma cells with normal phenotype can lead to diagnosis of small B-cell lymphoma. EJHAEM 2022; 3:1400-1401. [PMID: 36467835 PMCID: PMC9713182 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alban Canali
- Haematology LaboratoryCancer University Institute of Toulouse ‐ OncopoleToulouseFrance
| | - Jill Corre
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Castres ‐ MazametCastresFrance
| | - Brigitte Riviere
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Castres ‐ MazametCastresFrance
| | - Pauline Condom
- Haematology LaboratoryCancer University Institute of Toulouse ‐ OncopoleToulouseFrance
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Castres ‐ MazametCastresFrance
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Rieu
- Haematology LaboratoryCancer University Institute of Toulouse ‐ OncopoleToulouseFrance
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29
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Bailly J, Jenkins N, Chetty D, Mohamed Z, Verburgh ER, Opie JJ. Plasmablastic lymphoma: An update. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44 Suppl 1:54-63. [PMID: 36074710 PMCID: PMC9545967 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a highly aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma frequently associated with immunosuppression, particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although PBL is rare globally, South Africa has a high burden of HIV infection leading to a higher incidence of PBL in the region. Laboratory features in PBL may overlap with plasmablastic myeloma and other large B cell lymphomas with plasmablastic or immunoblastic morphology leading to diagnostic dilemmas. There are, however, pertinent distinguishing laboratory features in PBL such as a plasma cell immunophenotype with MYC overexpression, expression of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs and lack of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expression. This review aims to provide a summary of current knowledge in PBL, focusing on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, laboratory diagnosis and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenique Bailly
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Jenkins
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dharshnee Chetty
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zainab Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Estelle R Verburgh
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jessica J Opie
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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30
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Dietz R, Lollie TK, Goh T, Rao N, Pullarkat S. Comparison of laboratory methods for the detection of neoplastic plasma cells in plasma cell dyscrasias. J Clin Pathol 2022; 75:739-743. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AimsTo compare the ability of immunohistochemistry (IHC), multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) to detect clonal plasma cells. We also attempted to outline a testing strategy for monitoring multiple myeloma patients.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on 278 CD138+sorted FISH studies from November 2019 to December 2020 along with their concurrent IHC and MFC results. A p value was computed using McNemar’s test for paired data. Association was calculated using the non-parametric Spearman correlation coefficient.ResultsUsing the Mc Nemar’s test for paired data, CD138+sorted FISH studies achieved the highest proportion of positive results and was significantly greater than MFC (63% vs 53%, p=0.01). FISH had more positive results than IHC, although this did not reach statistical significance (60% vs 57%, p=0.34). IHC and MFC had high correlation and high agreement (90.3% agreement, kappa=0.805, p<0.0001). CD138+sorted FISH studies achieved the highest proportion of positive results relative to IHC and MFC, indicating that it may be a reliable marker for clonal plasma cell detection.ConclusionsWhile CD138+sorted FISH is primarily used for prognostication, it may be employed as a single test for detection and monitoring clonality in certain scenarios. Further studies are needed to monitor the outcomes of patients with positive FISH and negative IHC and MFC. Additionally, there was high agreement between IHC and MFC, suggesting that performing both tests may not be necessary.
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31
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Yue Y, Cao Y, Mao X, Wang F, Fan P, Qian L, Guo S, Li F, Guo Y, Chen T, Lin Y, Dong W, Liu Y, Huang Y, Gu W. Novel myeloma patient-derived xenograft models unveil the potency of anlotinib to overcome bortezomib resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:894279. [PMID: 35992875 PMCID: PMC9389337 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.894279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains a common hematologic malignancy with a 10-year survival rate below 50%, which is largely due to disease relapse and resistance. The lack of a simple and practical approach to establish myeloma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) hampers translational myeloma research. Here, we successfully developed myeloma PDXs by subcutaneous inoculation of primary mononuclear cells from MM patients following series tumor tissue transplantations. Newly established myeloma PDXs retained essential cellular features of MM and recapitulated their original drug sensitivities as seen in the clinic. Notably, anlotinib therapy significantly suppressed the growth of myeloma PDXs even in bortezomib-resistant model. Anlotinib treatments polarized tumor-associated macrophages from an M2- to an M1-like phenotype, decreased tumor vascular function, and accelerated cell apoptosis in myeloma PDXs. Our preclinical work not only unveiled the potency of anlotinib to overcome bortezomib resistance, but also provided a more practical way to establish MM PDX to facilitate myeloma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Yue
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xunyuan Mao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Long Qian
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Guo
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yanting Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Tongbing Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Weimin Dong
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Huang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weiying Gu, ; Yuhui Huang,
| | - Weiying Gu
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weiying Gu, ; Yuhui Huang,
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32
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Ferguson ID, Patiño-Escobar B, Tuomivaara ST, Lin YHT, Nix MA, Leung KK, Kasap C, Ramos E, Nieves Vasquez W, Talbot A, Hale M, Naik A, Kishishita A, Choudhry P, Lopez-Girona A, Miao W, Wong SW, Wolf JL, Martin TG, Shah N, Vandenberg S, Prakash S, Besse L, Driessen C, Posey AD, Mullins RD, Eyquem J, Wells JA, Wiita AP. The surfaceome of multiple myeloma cells suggests potential immunotherapeutic strategies and protein markers of drug resistance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4121. [PMID: 35840578 PMCID: PMC9287322 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The myeloma surface proteome (surfaceome) determines tumor interaction with the microenvironment and serves as an emerging arena for therapeutic development. Here, we use glycoprotein capture proteomics to define the myeloma surfaceome at baseline, in drug resistance, and in response to acute drug treatment. We provide a scoring system for surface antigens and identify CCR10 as a promising target in this disease expressed widely on malignant plasma cells. We engineer proof-of-principle chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells targeting CCR10 using its natural ligand CCL27. In myeloma models we identify proteins that could serve as markers of resistance to bortezomib and lenalidomide, including CD53, CD10, EVI2B, and CD33. We find that acute lenalidomide treatment increases activity of MUC1-targeting CAR-T cells through antigen upregulation. Finally, we develop a miniaturized surface proteomic protocol for profiling primary plasma cell samples with low inputs. These approaches and datasets may contribute to the biological, therapeutic, and diagnostic understanding of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Ferguson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Sami T Tuomivaara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Hsiu T Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Nix
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin K Leung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Corynn Kasap
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emilio Ramos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wilson Nieves Vasquez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Talbot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martina Hale
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Akul Naik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Kishishita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Priya Choudhry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Weili Miao
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sandy W Wong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Wolf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas G Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nina Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Vandenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sonam Prakash
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lenka Besse
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Driessen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Avery D Posey
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Dyche Mullins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Justin Eyquem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arun P Wiita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Dragoș ML, Ivanov IC, Mențel M, Văcărean-Trandafir IC, Sireteanu A, Titianu AA, Dăscălescu AS, Stache AB, Jitaru D, Gorgan DL. Prognostic Value of Association of Copy Number Alterations and Cell-Surface Expression Markers in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7530. [PMID: 35886877 PMCID: PMC9318311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma results from the clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM). In this study, the cell surface expression markers (CD) on atypical PCs (detected by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC)) were correlated with copy number alterations (CNAs) in the genome (detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA)) to assess their impact on prognosis in newly diagnosed MM patients. Statistically significant results were obtained when different stages of PC maturation (classified based on CD19 and CD81 expression) were associated with CD117 expression and identified CNAs. In the intermediately differentiated PC group (CD19(-) CD81(+)), patients who didn't express CD117 had a lower median progression free survival (PFS) (p = 0.024). Moreover, within this group, patients with less than three adverse CNAs, which harbor CD117, had a better outcome with a PFS of more than 48 months compared with 19 months (p = 0.008). Considering all the results, our study suggested the need to integrate both the CD markers and copy number alterations to evaluate the prognosis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaiela L. Dragoș
- Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (M.L.D.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Iuliu C. Ivanov
- Molecular Diagnosis Department, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (I.C.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Mihaela Mențel
- Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine—TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (M.M.); (I.C.V.-T.)
- Immunophenotyping Department, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina C. Văcărean-Trandafir
- Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine—TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (M.M.); (I.C.V.-T.)
| | - Adriana Sireteanu
- Molecular Diagnosis Department, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (I.C.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Amalia A. Titianu
- Department of Hematology, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (A.A.T.); (A.S.D.)
- Department of Hematology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Angela S. Dăscălescu
- Department of Hematology, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (A.A.T.); (A.S.D.)
- Department of Hematology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru B. Stache
- Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (M.L.D.); (A.B.S.)
- Molecular Diagnosis Department, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (I.C.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Jitaru
- Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (M.L.D.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Dragoș L. Gorgan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (M.L.D.); (A.B.S.)
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34
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Das N, Dahiya M, Gupta R, Rai S, Singh S, Prajapati VK, Kumar L, Sharma A, Sahoo RK, Gogia A. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of plasma cells across the spectrum of plasma cell proliferative disorders: A fresh insight with pattern-based recognition. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2022; 102:292-302. [PMID: 35212134 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression pattern of common antigens including cytoplasmic kappa/lambda ratio (cyKLR) was evaluated by flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCMI) to explore their relevance in discriminating normal and aberrant plasma cells (NPC and APC, respectively) across spectrum of plasma cell proliferative disorders (PCPD). METHODS In this prospective analysis, 791 samples from PCPD (treatment naive = 455; partially treated = 336) were evaluated for expression of CD38, CD138, CD45, CD19, CD56, CD27, CD81, CD117, Cy-kappa, and Cy-lambda using FCMI. RESULTS Amongst the entire cohort, 20.7% (n = 164) samples displayed only APC, 21% (n = 165) only NPC and 58% (n = 462) showed coexistence of NPC and APC. Using pattern-based recognition (PBR) for three common patterns (CD19 vs. CD56; CD27 vs. CD56 and CD19 vs. CD27), APC was separable from NPC in 93% samples. In 6.5% samples, the gating markers contributed in APC-NPC differentiation and in the remaining 0.5% CD117 and CD81 proved useful. Clonality assessment was found to be crucial to label plasma cell compartment as completely normal or aberrant in 42% cases with either all NPC or all APC. Sixty one out of 462 cases (13%) revealed cyKLR within normal reference range and in these cases; abnormal cyKLR was demonstrable only after gating APC separately based on PBR. CONCLUSION Fair discrimination between NPC and APC is achievable in all PCPD samples using eight markers (Gating: CD38, CD138, CD45; PBR:CD19, CD56, CD27; clonality: Cy-kappa and Cy-lambda). Thus, combined assessment of clonality and immunophenotypic aberrancies is required for accurate, reliable and precise assessment of NPC and APC compartments in PCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Das
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Meetu Dahiya
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Rai
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Saroj Singh
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay K Prajapati
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit K Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Gogia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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35
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Bertamini L, Oliva S, Rota-Scalabrini D, Paris L, Morè S, Corradini P, Ledda A, Gentile M, De Sabbata G, Pietrantuono G, Pascarella A, Tosi P, Curci P, Gilestro M, Capra A, Galieni P, Pisani F, Annibali O, Monaco F, Liberati AM, Palmieri S, Luppi M, Zambello R, Fazio F, Belotti A, Tacchetti P, Musto P, Boccadoro M, Gay F. High Levels of Circulating Tumor Plasma Cells as a Key Hallmark of Aggressive Disease in Transplant-Eligible Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:3120-3131. [PMID: 35666982 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High levels of circulating tumor plasma cells (CTC-high) in patients with multiple myeloma are a marker of aggressive disease. We aimed to confirm the prognostic impact and identify a possible cutoff value of CTC-high for the prediction of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), in the context of concomitant risk features and minimal residual disease (MRD) achievement. METHODS CTC were analyzed at diagnosis with two-tube single-platform flow cytometry (sensitivity 4 × 10-5) in patients enrolled in the multicenter randomized FORTE clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02203643). MRD was assessed by second-generation multiparameter flow cytometry (sensitivity 10-5). We tested different cutoff values in series of multivariate (MV) Cox proportional hazards regression analyses on PFS outcome and selected the value that maximized the Harrell's C-statistic. We analyzed the impact of CTC on PFS and OS in a MV analysis including baseline features and MRD negativity. RESULTS CTC analysis was performed in 401 patients; the median follow-up was 50 months (interquartile range, 45-54 months). There was a modest correlation between the percentage of CTC and bone marrow plasma cells (r = 0.38). We identified an optimal CTC cutoff of 0.07% (approximately 5 cells/µL, C-index 0.64). In MV analysis, CTC-high versus CTC-low patients had significantly shorter PFS (hazard ratio, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.49 to 2.97, P < .001; 4-year PFS 38% v 69%) and OS (hazard ratio, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.49 to 4.56; P < .001; 4-year OS 68% v 92%). The CTC levels, but not the bone marrow plasma cell levels, affected the outcome. The only factor that reduced the negative impact of CTC-high was the achievement of MRD negativity (interaction P = .039). CONCLUSION In multiple myeloma, increasing levels of CTC above an optimal cutoff represent an easy-to-assess, robust, and independent high-risk factor. The achievement of MRD negativity is the most important factor that modulates their negative prognostic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bertamini
- SSD Clinical Trial in Oncoematologia e Mieloma Multiplo, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Oliva
- SSD Clinical Trial in Oncoematologia e Mieloma Multiplo, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Delia Rota-Scalabrini
- Multidisciplinary Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Paris
- Division of Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sonia Morè
- Clinica di Ematologia, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Corradini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Ledda
- Ematologia/CTMO, Ospedale "A. Businco," Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni De Sabbata
- Ematologia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pietrantuono
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Curci
- Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Milena Gilestro
- SSD Clinical Trial in Oncoematologia e Mieloma Multiplo, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Capra
- SSD Clinical Trial in Oncoematologia e Mieloma Multiplo, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Piero Galieni
- UOC Ematologia e Terapia cellulare, Ospedale C. e G. Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Annibali
- Unit of Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Monaco
- SC Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Anna Marina Liberati
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria, Terni, Italy
| | | | - Mario Luppi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Materno Infantili e dell'Adulto, UNIMORE, UOC Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, Padova University School of Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Fazio
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Belotti
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Tacchetti
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli," Bologna, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy.,Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, "Aldo Moro" University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- SSD Clinical Trial in Oncoematologia e Mieloma Multiplo, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Gay
- SSD Clinical Trial in Oncoematologia e Mieloma Multiplo, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
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CD24 Is a Prognostic Marker for Multiple Myeloma Progression and Survival. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102913. [PMID: 35629039 PMCID: PMC9144978 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface antigens are commonly used in flow cytometry assays for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM). Some of these are directly involved in MM pathogenesis or interactions with the microenvironment, but most are used for either diagnostic or prognostic purposes. In a previous study, we showed that in-vitro, CD24-positive plasma cells exhibit a less tumorigenic phenotype. Here, we assessed the prognostic importance of CD24 expression in patients newly diagnosed with MM as it correlates to their clinical course. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry of 124 patients uniformly treated by a bortezomib-based protocol was performed. The expression of CD24, CD117, CD19, CD45, and CD56 in bone marrow PCs was tested for correlations to clinical parameters. None of the CD markers correlated with the response rates to first-line therapy. However, patients with elevated CD24+ expression on their PCs at diagnosis had a significantly longer PFS (p = 0.002) and OS (p = 0.044). In contrast, the expression of CD117, CD56, or CD45 was found to have no prognostic value; CD19 expression was inversely correlated with PFS alone (p < 0.001) and not with OS. Thus, elevated CD24 expression on PCs appears to be strongly correlated with survival and can be used as a single-surface antigenic prognostic factor in MM.
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Cottini F, Rodriguez J, Hughes T, Sharma N, Guo L, Lozanski G, Liu B, Cocucci E, Yang Y, Benson D. Redefining CD56 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in Multiple Myeloma. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1083-1095. [PMID: 35380709 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) cells aberrantly express surface antigens compared to normal plasma cells. Among others, CD56 is present at variable levels in approximately 70% of MM patients; however very little is known about CD56 role in MM. We demonstrated that MM patients with more than 10 percent of CD56-expressing clonal MM cells have inferior clinical outcomes. By gain-of and loss-of function models, we revealed that CD56 promotes MM cell growth, survival, and adhesion to stromal cells. These protumoral effects are induced by the activation of the RSK2/CREB1 signaling pathway, with increased mRNA and protein levels of the anti-apoptotic genes BCL2 and MCL1. Consequently, the genomic and pharmacological inhibition of RSK2 or CREB1 specifically induced MM cell death in CD56-expressing MM cells. Finally, we observed that CD56 signaling decreases CRBN expression, reducing responses to lenalidomide. RSK2 or CREB1 inhibition increased CRBN levels and were synergic with lenalidomide in inducing cell death, especially in CD56-expressing MM cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that CD56 promotes MM cell growth, and pave the way to novel therapies based on targeting CD56, along with the use of CD56 as a predictive biomarker for MM therapies. Implications: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable, genetically heterogeneous disease, without available tailored therapeutic approaches. CD56 signaling promotes MM growth and adhesion, by activating CREB1 target genes, MCL1 and BCL2. Inhibition of CREB1 alone or in combination with lenalidomide is an unexplored synthetic lethal approach in CD56-expressing MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cottini
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jose Rodriguez
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tiffany Hughes
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Pathology, OhioHealth, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bei Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Emanuele Cocucci
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yiping Yang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Don Benson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
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Bonello F, Cani L, D'Agostino M. Risk Stratification Before and During Treatment in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: From Clinical Trials to the Real-World Setting. Front Oncol 2022; 12:830922. [PMID: 35356221 PMCID: PMC8959380 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.830922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by a wide clinical and biological heterogeneity leading to different patient outcomes. Various prognostic tools to stratify newly diagnosed (ND)MM patients into different risk groups have been proposed. At baseline, the standard-of-care prognostic score is the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS), which stratifies patients according to widely available serum markers (i.e., albumin, β 2-microglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase) and high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Though this score clearly identifies a low-risk and a high-risk population, the majority of patients are categorized as at “intermediate risk”. Although new prognostic factors identified through molecular assays (e.g., gene expression profiling, next-generation sequencing) are now available and may improve risk stratification, the majority of them need specialized centers and bioinformatic expertise that may preclude their broad application in the real-world setting. In the last years, new tools to monitor response and measurable residual disease (MRD) with very high sensitivity after the start of treatment have been developed. MRD analyses both inside and outside the bone marrow have a strong prognostic impact, and the achievement of MRD negativity may counterbalance the high-risk behavior identified at baseline. All these techniques have been developed in clinical trials. However, their efficient application in real-world clinical practice and their potential role to guide treatment-decision making are still open issues. This mini review will cover currently known prognostic factors identified before and during first-line treatment, with a particular focus on their potential applications in real-world clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonello
- SSD Clinical Trial in Oncoematologia e Mieloma Multiplo, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cani
- SSD Clinical Trial in Oncoematologia e Mieloma Multiplo, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mattia D'Agostino
- SSD Clinical Trial in Oncoematologia e Mieloma Multiplo, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Lebel E, Nachmias B, Pick M, Gross Even-Zohar N, Gatt ME. Understanding the Bioactivity and Prognostic Implication of Commonly Used Surface Antigens in Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071809. [PMID: 35407416 PMCID: PMC9000075 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) progression is dependent on its interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment and the immune system and is mediated by key surface antigens. Some antigens promote adhesion to the bone marrow matrix and stromal cells, while others are involved in intercellular interactions that result in differentiation of B-cells to plasma cells (PC). These interactions are also involved in malignant transformation of the normal PC to MM PC as well as disease progression. Here, we review selected surface antigens that are commonly used in the flow cytometry analysis of MM for identification of plasma cells (PC) and the discrimination between normal and malignant PC as well as prognostication. These include the markers: CD38, CD138, CD45, CD19, CD117, CD56, CD81, CD27, and CD28. Furthermore, we will discuss the novel marker CD24 and its involvement in MM. The bioactivity of each antigen is reviewed, as well as its expression on normal vs. malignant PC, prognostic implications, and therapeutic utility. Understanding the role of these specific surface antigens, as well as complex co-expressions of combinations of antigens, may allow for a more personalized prognostic monitoring and treatment of MM patients.
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Serizawa K, Tanaka H, Ueda T, Fukui A, Kakutani H, Taniguchi T, Inoue H, Kumode T, Taniguchi Y, Rai S, Hirase C, Morita Y, Espinoza JL, Tatsumi Y, Ashida T, Matsumura I. CD34 + myeloma cells with self-renewal activities are therapy-resistant and persist as MRD in cell cycle quiescence. Int J Hematol 2022; 115:336-349. [PMID: 35133572 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Side population (SP) is known to include therapy-resistant cells in various cancers. Here, we analyzed SP using multiple myeloma (MM) samples. The SP accounted for 2.96% in MM cells from newly diagnosed MM (NDMM). CD34 was expressed in 47.8% of SP cells, but only in 2.11% of bulk MM cells. CD34+ MM cells expressed more immature cell surface markers and a gene signature than CD34- MM cells. CD34+ but not CD34- MM cells possessed clonogenic activities and showed long-term self-renewal activities in xenotransplantation assays. Similarly, whereas 2.20% of MM cells were CD34+ in NDMM (n = 38), this proportion increased to 42.6% in minimal residual disease (MRD) samples (n = 16) (p < 0.001) and to 17.7% in refractory/relapsed MM (RRMM) (n = 30) (p < 0.01). Cell cycle analysis showed that 24.7% of CD34+ MM cells from NDMM were in G0 phase while this proportion was 54.9% in MRD (p < 0.05) and 14.5% in RRMM, reflecting the expansion of MM. Together, CD34+ MM cells with long-term self-renewal activities persist as MRD in cell cycle quiescence or remain as therapy-resistant cells in RRMM, substantiating the necessity of targeting this population to improve clinical outcomes of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Serizawa
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayano Fukui
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kakutani
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahide Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inoue
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kumode
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Rai
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikara Hirase
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Morita
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - J Luis Espinoza
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Tatsumi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ashida
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
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Sędek Ł, Flores-Montero J, van der Sluijs A, Kulis J, te Marvelde J, Philippé J, Böttcher S, Bitter M, Caetano J, van der Velden VHJ, Sonneveld E, Buracchi C, Santos AH, Lima M, Szczepański T, van Dongen JJM, Orfao A. Impact of Pre-Analytical and Analytical Variables Associated with Sample Preparation on Flow Cytometric Stainings Obtained with EuroFlow Panels. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030473. [PMID: 35158741 PMCID: PMC8833630 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Objective interpretation of flow cytometry may be hampered by a lack of standardized sample preparation procedures. The EuroFlow consortium conducted a series of experiments to determine the potential impact of different pre-analytical and analytical factors on the variability of results in terms of relative cell populations distribution and marker expression levels. The experiments were performed on healthy donors and patients with different hematological malignancies (e.g., acute leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndrome) to mimic real-world clinical settings. Overall, the results showed that sample storage conditions, anticoagulant use, and sample processing protocol might need to be tailored for sample and cell type(s), as well as to the specific markers evaluated. However, defining of well-balanced boundaries for storage time to 24 h, staining-acquisition delay to 3 h, and choosing a washing buffer of pH within the range of 7.2 to 7.8 would be a valid recommendation for most applications and circumstances described herein. Abstract Objective interpretation of FC results may still be hampered by limited technical standardization. The EuroFlow consortium conducted a series of experiments to determine the impact of different variables on the relative distribution and the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of markers stained on different cell populations, from both healthy donors and patients’ samples with distinct hematological malignancies. The use of different anticoagulants; the time interval between sample collection, preparation, and acquisition; pH of washing buffers; and the use of cell surface membrane-only (SM) vs. cell surface plus intracytoplasmic (SM+CY) staining protocols, were evaluated. Our results showed that only monocytes were represented at higher percentages in EDTA- vs. heparin-anticoagulated samples. Application of SM or SM+CY protocols resulted in slight differences in the percentage of neutrophils and debris determined only with particular antibody combinations. In turn, storage of samples for 24 h at RT was associated with greater percentage of debris and cell doublets when the plasma cell disorder panel was used. Furthermore, 24 h storage of stained cells at RT was selectively detrimental for MFI levels of CD19 and CD45 on mature B- and T-cells (but not on leukemic blasts, clonal B- and plasma cells, neutrophils, and NK cells). The obtained results showed that the variables evaluated might need to be tailored for sample and cell type(s) as well as to the specific markers compared; however, defining of well-balanced boundaries for storage time, staining-to-acquisition delay, and pH of washing buffer would be a valid recommendation for most applications and circumstances described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (SUM), 41-808 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Juan Flores-Montero
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (J.J.M.v.D.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Network Research in Cancer (CIBER ONC), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alita van der Sluijs
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Jan Kulis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (SUM), 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (J.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Jeroen te Marvelde
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (J.t.M.); (V.H.J.v.d.V.)
| | - Jan Philippé
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Sebastian Böttcher
- Special Hematology Laboratory, Medical Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Marieke Bitter
- European Scientific Foundation for Laboratory Hemato Oncology (ESLHO), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Joana Caetano
- Clinical Flow, Hemato-Oncology Unit, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Vincent H. J. van der Velden
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (J.t.M.); (V.H.J.v.d.V.)
| | - Edwin Sonneveld
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Chiara Buracchi
- Pediatric Clinic of Milano-Bicocca, Tettamanti Research Center, Monza (TRC), 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Ana Helena Santos
- Department of Hematology, Central Hospital of Porto (CHP), 4099-001 Porto, Portugal; (A.H.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Margarida Lima
- Department of Hematology, Central Hospital of Porto (CHP), 4099-001 Porto, Portugal; (A.H.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Tomasz Szczepański
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (SUM), 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (J.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Jacques J. M. van Dongen
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (J.J.M.v.D.)
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (J.J.M.v.D.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Network Research in Cancer (CIBER ONC), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-923-294-811
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Fitzpatrick MJ, Nardi V, Sohani AR. Plasma cell myeloma: role of histopathology, immunophenotyping, and genetic testing. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 51:17-30. [PMID: 33687521 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Myeloma is a malignant neoplasm of plasma cells with complex pathogenesis. Diagnosis and risk stratification require the integration of histology, radiology, serology, and genetic data. Bone marrow biopsies are essential for myeloma diagnosis by providing material for histologic and cytologic assessment as well as immunophenotypic and genetic studies. Flow cytometry and genetic studies are, in particular, becoming increasingly important for diagnosis, risk stratification, and assessment of treatment response. Myeloma has traditionally been characterized by recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities that can be divided into two subtypes: hyperdiploid, characterized by trisomies, and non-hyperdiploid, characterized by translocations involving chromosome 14. These abnormalities are thought to be primary events, initiating a premalignant state, which progresses to myeloma through the acquisition of secondary mutations. The emergence of next-generation sequencing has led to the discovery of numerous mutations and gene fusions that comprise the heterogenous genomic landscape of myeloma. As the underlying pathogenesis of myeloma continues to be delineated, possible therapeutic targets have also emerged. Herein, we describe the importance of histology, immunophenotype, and mutational analysis in the assessment of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, WRN 219, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Valentina Nardi
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, WRN 219, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aliyah R Sohani
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, WRN 219, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Boggio E, Gigliotti CL, Moia R, Scotta A, Crespi I, Boggione P, De Paoli L, Deambrogi C, Garzaro M, Vidali M, Chiocchetti A, Stoppa I, Rolla R, Dianzani C, Monge C, Clemente N, Gaidano G, Dianzani U. Inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) and ICOS ligand are novel players in the multiple-myeloma microenvironment. Br J Haematol 2021; 196:1369-1380. [PMID: 34954822 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) is a T-cell receptor that, once bound to ICOS ligand (ICOSL) expressed on several cell types including the B-cell lineage, plays a decisive role in adaptive immunity by regulating the interplay between B and T cells. In addition to its immunomodulatory functions, we have shown that ICOS/ICOSL signalling can inhibit the activity of osteoclasts, unveiling a novel mechanism of lymphocyte-bone cells interactions. ICOS and ICOSL can also be found as soluble forms, namely sICOS and sICOSL. Here we show that: (i) levels of sICOS and sICOSL are increased in multiple myeloma (MM) compared to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smouldering MM; (ii) levels of sICOS and sICOSL variably correlate with several markers of tumour burden; and (iii) sICOS levels tend to be higher in Durie-Salmon stage II/III versus stage I MM and correlate with overall survival as an independent variable. Moreover, surface ICOS and ICOSL are expressed in both myeloma cells and normal plasma cells, where they probably regulate different functional stages. Finally, ICOSL triggering inhibits the migration of myeloma cell lines in vitro and the growth of ICOSL+ MOPC-21 myeloma cells in vivo. These results suggest that ICOS and ICOSL represent novel markers and therapeutic targets for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Moia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Crespi
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Boggione
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo De Paoli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Clara Deambrogi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Garzaro
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Matteo Vidali
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ian Stoppa
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Monge
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
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44
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Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Abrignani S, Addo R, Akdis M, Andrä I, Andreata F, Annunziato F, Arranz E, Bacher P, Bari S, Barnaba V, Barros-Martins J, Baumjohann D, Beccaria CG, Bernardo D, Boardman DA, Borger J, Böttcher C, Brockmann L, Burns M, Busch DH, Cameron G, Cammarata I, Cassotta A, Chang Y, Chirdo FG, Christakou E, Čičin-Šain L, Cook L, Corbett AJ, Cornelis R, Cosmi L, Davey MS, De Biasi S, De Simone G, del Zotto G, Delacher M, Di Rosa F, Di Santo J, Diefenbach A, Dong J, Dörner T, Dress RJ, Dutertre CA, Eckle SBG, Eede P, Evrard M, Falk CS, Feuerer M, Fillatreau S, Fiz-Lopez A, Follo M, Foulds GA, Fröbel J, Gagliani N, Galletti G, Gangaev A, Garbi N, Garrote JA, Geginat J, Gherardin NA, Gibellini L, Ginhoux F, Godfrey DI, Gruarin P, Haftmann C, Hansmann L, Harpur CM, Hayday AC, Heine G, Hernández DC, Herrmann M, Hoelsken O, Huang Q, Huber S, Huber JE, Huehn J, Hundemer M, Hwang WYK, Iannacone M, Ivison SM, Jäck HM, Jani PK, Keller B, Kessler N, Ketelaars S, Knop L, Knopf J, Koay HF, Kobow K, Kriegsmann K, Kristyanto H, Krueger A, Kuehne JF, Kunze-Schumacher H, Kvistborg P, Kwok I, Latorre D, Lenz D, Levings MK, Lino AC, Liotta F, Long HM, Lugli E, MacDonald KN, Maggi L, Maini MK, Mair F, Manta C, Manz RA, Mashreghi MF, Mazzoni A, McCluskey J, Mei HE, Melchers F, Melzer S, Mielenz D, Monin L, Moretta L, Multhoff G, Muñoz LE, Muñoz-Ruiz M, Muscate F, Natalini A, Neumann K, Ng LG, Niedobitek A, Niemz J, Almeida LN, Notarbartolo S, Ostendorf L, Pallett LJ, Patel AA, Percin GI, Peruzzi G, Pinti M, Pockley AG, Pracht K, Prinz I, Pujol-Autonell I, Pulvirenti N, Quatrini L, Quinn KM, Radbruch H, Rhys H, Rodrigo MB, Romagnani C, Saggau C, Sakaguchi S, Sallusto F, Sanderink L, Sandrock I, Schauer C, Scheffold A, Scherer HU, Schiemann M, Schildberg FA, Schober K, Schoen J, Schuh W, Schüler T, Schulz AR, Schulz S, Schulze J, Simonetti S, Singh J, Sitnik KM, Stark R, Starossom S, Stehle C, Szelinski F, Tan L, Tarnok A, Tornack J, Tree TIM, van Beek JJP, van de Veen W, van Gisbergen K, Vasco C, Verheyden NA, von Borstel A, Ward-Hartstonge KA, Warnatz K, Waskow C, Wiedemann A, Wilharm A, Wing J, Wirz O, Wittner J, Yang JHM, Yang J. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition). Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2708-3145. [PMID: 34910301 PMCID: PMC11115438 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202170126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Addo
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Immanuel Andrä
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eduardo Arranz
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sudipto Bari
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristian G. Beccaria
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominic A. Boardman
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jessica Borger
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Brockmann
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Marie Burns
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Garth Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Yinshui Chang
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Gabriel Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos - IIFP (UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eleni Christakou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Cook
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cornelis
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martin S. Davey
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Simone
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michael Delacher
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Dong
- Cell Biology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine J. Dress
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Sidonia B. G. Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascale Eede
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS, UMR8253, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Aida Fiz-Lopez
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Lighthouse Core Facility, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gemma A. Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Julia Fröbel
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Giovanni Galletti
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anastasia Gangaev
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - José Antonio Garrote
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas A. Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paola Gruarin
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Haftmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Hansmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher M. Harpur
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian C. Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Guido Heine
- Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Carolina Hernández
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoelsken
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Samuel Huber
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna E. Huber
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Y. K. Hwang
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Executive Offices, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabine M. Ivison
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter K. Jani
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Kessler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ketelaars
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Knop
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Kristyanto
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jenny F. Kuehne
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Kunze-Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Lenz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andreia C. Lino
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Heather M. Long
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katherine N. MacDonald
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Florian Mair
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Calin Manta
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Armin Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik E. Mei
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Clinical Trial Center Leipzig, Leipzig University, Härtelstr.16, −18, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leticia Monin
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Franziska Muscate
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jana Niemz
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Lennard Ostendorf
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura J. Pallett
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amit A. Patel
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Gulce Itir Percin
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nadia Pulvirenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Kylie M. Quinn
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundorra, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hefin Rhys
- Flow Cytometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria B. Rodrigo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lieke Sanderink
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans U. Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Axel R. Schulz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Schulze
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jeeshan Singh
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M. Sitnik
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Regina Stark
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin – BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Sanquin Research – Adaptive Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Starossom
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Stehle
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Szelinski
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Tornack
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy I. M. Tree
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jasper J. P. van Beek
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Vasco
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Nikita A. Verheyden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten A. Ward-Hartstonge
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James Wing
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Oliver Wirz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennie H. M. Yang
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Juhao Yang
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Aanei CM, Veyrat-Masson R, Selicean C, Marian M, Rigollet L, Trifa AP, Tomuleasa C, Serban A, Cherry M, Flandrin-Gresta P, Tardy ET, Guyotat D, Campos Catafal L. Database-Guided Analysis for Immunophenotypic Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities. Front Oncol 2021; 11:746951. [PMID: 34804933 PMCID: PMC8602100 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.746951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) are hematologic malignancies with varied molecular and immunophenotypic profiles, making them difficult to diagnose and classify. High-dimensional analysis algorithms might increase the utility of multicolor flow cytometry for AML diagnosis and follow-up. The objective of the present study was to assess whether a Compass database-guided analysis can be used to achieve rapid and accurate diagnoses. We conducted this study to determine whether this method could be employed to pilote the genetic and molecular tests and to objectively identify different-from-normal (DfN) patterns to improve measurable residual disease follow-up in AML. Three Compass databases were built using Infinicyt 2.0 software, including normal myeloid-committed hematopoietic precursors (n = 20) and AML blasts harboring the most frequent recurrent genetic abnormalities (n = 50). The diagnostic accuracy of the Compass database-guided analysis was evaluated in a prospective validation study (125 suspected AML patients). This method excluded AML associated with the following genetic abnormalities: t(8;21), t(15;17), inv(16), and KMT2A translocation, with 92% sensitivity [95% confidence interval (CI): 78.6%–98.3%] and a 98.5% negative predictive value (95% CI: 90.6%–99.8%). Our data showed that the Compass database-guided analysis could identify phenotypic differences between AML groups, representing a useful tool for the identification of DfN patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-Mariana Aanei
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Richard Veyrat-Masson
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cristina Selicean
- Department of Hematology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Laboratory of Hematology, Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Marian
- Laboratory of Hematology, Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lauren Rigollet
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Adrian Pavel Trifa
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Genetics, Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Hematology, Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Serban
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Mohamad Cherry
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Pascale Flandrin-Gresta
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Tavernier Tardy
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Denis Guyotat
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Lydia Campos Catafal
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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Carfilzomib with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone or lenalidomide and dexamethasone plus autologous transplantation or carfilzomib plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone, followed by maintenance with carfilzomib plus lenalidomide or lenalidomide alone for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (FORTE): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:1705-1720. [PMID: 34774221 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bortezomib-based induction followed by high-dose melphalan (200 mg/m2) and autologous stem-cell transplantation (MEL200-ASCT) and maintenance treatment with lenalidomide alone is the current standard of care for young and fit patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different carfilzomib-based induction and consolidation approaches with or without transplantation and of maintenance treatment with carfilzomib plus lenalidomide versus lenalidomide alone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. METHODS UNITO-MM-01/FORTE was a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial done in 42 Italian academic and community practice centres. We enrolled transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma aged 65 years or younger with a Karnofsky Performance Status of 60% or higher. Patients were stratified according to International Staging System stage (I vs II/III) and age (<60 years vs 60-65 years) and randomly assigned (1:1:1) to KRd plus ASCT (four 28-day induction cycles with carfilzomib plus lenalidomide plus dexamethasone [KRd], melphalan at 200 mg/m2 and autologous stem-cell transplantation [MEL200-ASCT], followed by four 28-day KRd consolidation cycles), KRd12 (12 28-day KRd cycles), or KCd plus ASCT (four 28-day induction cycles with carfilzomib plus cyclophosphamide plus dexamethasone [KCd], MEL200-ASCT, and four 28-day KCd consolidation cycles). Carfilzomib 36 mg/m2 was administered intravenously on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16; lenalidomide 25 mg administered orally on days 1-21; cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 administered orally on days 1, 8, and 15; and dexamethasone 20 mg administered orally or intravenously on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23. Thereafter, patients were stratified according to induction-consolidation treatment and randomly assigned (1:1) to maintenance treatment with carfilzomib plus lenalidomide or lenalidomide alone. Carfilzomib 36 mg/m2 was administered intravenously on days 1-2 and 15-16 every 28 days for up to 2 years; lenalidomide 10 mg was administered orally on days 1-21 every 28 days until progression or intolerance in both groups. The primary endpoints were the proportion of patients with at least a very good partial response after induction with KRd versus KCd and progression-free survival with carfilzomib plus lenalidomide versus lenalidomide alone as maintenance treatment, both assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02203643. Study recruitment is complete, and all patients are in the follow-up or maintenance phases. FINDINGS Between Feb 23, 2015, and April 5, 2017, 474 patients were randomly assigned to one of the induction-intensification-consolidation groups (158 to KRd plus ASCT, 157 to KRd12, and 159 to KCd plus ASCT). The median duration of follow-up was 50·9 months (IQR 45·7-55·3) from the first randomisation. 222 (70%) of 315 patients in the KRd group and 84 (53%) of 159 patients in the KCd group had at least a very good partial response after induction (OR 2·14, 95% CI 1·44-3·19, p=0·0002). 356 patients were randomly assigned to maintenance treatment with carfilzomib plus lenalidomide (n=178) or lenalidomide alone (n=178). The median duration of follow-up was 37·3 months (IQR 32·9-41·9) from the second randomisation. 3-year progression-free survival was 75% (95% CI 68-82) with carfilzomib plus lenalidomide versus 65% (58-72) with lenalidomide alone (hazard ratio [HR] 0·64 [95% CI 0·44-0·94], p=0·023). During induction and consolidation, the most common grade 3-4 adverse events were neutropenia (21 [13%] of 158 patients in the KRd plus ASCT group vs 15 [10%] of 156 in the KRd12 group vs 18 [11%] of 159 in the KCd plus ASCT group); dermatological toxicity (nine [6%] vs 12 [8%] vs one [1%]); and hepatic toxicity (13 [8%] vs 12 [8%] vs none). Treatment-related serious adverse events were reported in 18 (11%) of 158 patients in the KRd-ASCT group, 29 (19%) of 156 in the KRd12 group, and 17 (11%) of 159 in the KCd plus ASCT group; the most common serious adverse event was pneumonia, in seven (4%) of 158, four (3%) of 156, and five (3%) of 159 patients. Treatment-emergent deaths were reported in two (1%) of 158 patients in the KRd plus ASCT group, two (1%) of 156 in the KRd12 group, and three (2%) of 159 in the KCd plus ASCT group. During maintenance, the most common grade 3-4 adverse events were neutropenia (35 [20%] of 173 patients on carfilzomib plus lenalidomide vs 41 [23%] of 177 patients on lenalidomide alone); infections (eight [5%] vs 13 [7%]); and vascular events (12 [7%] vs one [1%]). Treatment-related serious adverse events were reported in 24 (14%) of 173 patients on carfilzomib plus lenalidomide versus 15 (8%) of 177 on lenalidomide alone; the most common serious adverse event was pneumonia, in six (3%) of 173 versus five (3%) of 177 patients. One patient died of a treatment-emergent adverse event in the carfilzomib plus lenalidomide group. INTERPRETATION Our data show that KRd plus ASCT showed superiority in terms of improved responses compared with the other two treatment approaches and support the prospective randomised evaluation of KRd plus ASCT versus standards of care (eg, daratumumab plus bortezomib plus thalidomide plus dexamethasone plus ASCT) in transplant-eligible patients with multiple myeloma. Carfilzomib plus lenalidomide as maintenance therapy also improved progression-free survival compared with the standard-of-care lenalidomide alone. FUNDING Amgen, Celgene/Bristol Myers Squibb. TRANSLATION For the Italian translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Krzywdzińska A, Puła B, Czyż A, Krzymieniewska B, Kiernicka-Parulska J, Mierzwa A, Szymczak D, Milanowska A, Kiraga A, Kwiecień I, Zaleska J, Jamroziak K. Harmonization of Flow Cytometric Minimal Residual Disease Assessment in Multiple Myeloma in Centers of Polish Myeloma Consortium. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1872. [PMID: 34679569 PMCID: PMC8534749 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) status is now considered as one of the most relevant prognostic factors in multiple myeloma (MM) while MRD negativity became an important endpoint in clinical trials. Here, we report the results of the first study evaluating the reproducibility of high-sensitivity flow cytometry MM MRD assessment in four laboratories in Poland. EuroFlow protocols for instrument setting standardization and sample preparation in MM MRD assessment were implemented in each laboratory. In the inter-laboratory reproducibility study, 12 bone marrow samples from MM patients were distributed and processed in participant laboratories. In the inter-operator concordance study, 13 raw data files from MM MRD measurements were analyzed by five independent operators. The inter-laboratory study showed high 95% overall concordance of results among laboratories. In the inter-operator study, 89% of MRD results reported were concordant, and the highest immunophenotype interpretation differences with regard to expression of CD27, CD45, CD81 were noticed. We confirmed the applicability and feasibility of the EuroFlow protocol as a highly sensitive method of MRD evaluation in MM. Results of our inter-center comparison study demonstrate that the standardization of MM MRD assessment protocols is highly desirable to improve quality and comparability of results within and between different clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krzywdzińska
- Laboratory of Immunophenotyping, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Puła
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Czyż
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Beata Krzymieniewska
- Laboratory of Immunophenotyping, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Kiernicka-Parulska
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Haematology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital of Lord’s Transfiguration, 60-101 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Mierzwa
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Haematology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital of Lord’s Transfiguration, 60-101 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Donata Szymczak
- Flow Cytometry and Cytomorphology Laboratory, Department and Clinic of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital in Wroclaw, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.S.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aneta Milanowska
- Flow Cytometry and Cytomorphology Laboratory, Department and Clinic of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital in Wroclaw, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.S.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kiraga
- Flow Cytometry and Cytomorphology Laboratory, Department and Clinic of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital in Wroclaw, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.S.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Iwona Kwiecień
- Laboratory of Hematology and Flow Cytometry, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Zaleska
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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Aanei CM, Veyrat-Masson R, Rigollet L, Stagnara J, Tavernier Tardy E, Daguenet E, Guyotat D, Campos Catafal L. Advanced Flow Cytometry Analysis Algorithms for Optimizing the Detection of "Different From Normal" Immunophenotypes in Acute Myeloid Blasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:735518. [PMID: 34650981 PMCID: PMC8506133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.735518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) are a group of hematologic malignancies that are heterogeneous in their molecular and immunophenotypic profiles. Identification of the immunophenotypic differences between AML blasts and normal myeloid hematopoietic precursors (myHPCs) is a prerequisite to achieving better performance in AML measurable residual disease follow-ups. In the present study, we applied high-dimensional analysis algorithms provided by the Infinicyt 2.0 and Cytobank software to evaluate the efficacy of antibody combinations of the EuroFlow AML/myelodysplastic syndrome panel to distinguish AML blasts with recurrent genetic abnormalities (n = 39 AML samples) from normal CD45low CD117+ myHPCs (n = 23 normal bone marrow samples). Two types of scores were established to evaluate the abilities of the various methods to identify the most useful parameters/markers for distinguishing between AML blasts and normal myHPCs, as well as to distinguish between different AML groups. The Infinicyt Compass database-guided analysis was found to be a more user-friendly tool than other analysis methods implemented in the Cytobank software. According to the developed scoring systems, the principal component analysis based algorithms resulted in better discrimination between AML blasts and myHPCs, as well as between blasts from different AML groups. The most informative markers for the discrimination between myHPCs and AML blasts were CD34, CD36, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), CD13, CD105, CD71, and SSC, which were highly rated by all evaluated analysis algorithms. The HLA-DR, CD34, CD13, CD64, CD33, CD117, CD71, CD36, CD11b, SSC, and FSC were found to be useful for the distinction between blasts from different AML groups associated with recurrent genetic abnormalities. This study identified both benefits and the drawbacks of integrating multiple high-dimensional algorithms to gain complementary insights into the flow-cytometry data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-Mariana Aanei
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Richard Veyrat-Masson
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lauren Rigollet
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Jérémie Stagnara
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | | | - Denis Guyotat
- Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Lydia Campos Catafal
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
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49
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From Bench to Bedside: The Evolution of Genomics and Its Implications for the Current and Future Management of Multiple Myeloma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:213-221. [PMID: 34549910 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The summation of 20 years of biological studies and the comprehensive analysis of more than 1000 multiple myeloma genomes with data linked to clinical outcome has enabled an increased understanding of the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma in the context of normal plasma cell biology. This novel data have facilitated the identification of prognostic markers and targets suitable for therapeutic manipulation. The challenge moving forward is to translate this genetic and biological information into the clinic to improve patient care. This review discusses the key data required to achieve this and provides a framework within which to explore the use of response-adapted, biologically targeted, molecularly targeted, and risk-stratified therapeutic approaches to improve the management of patients with multiple myeloma.
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Multiparametric Flow Cytometry for MRD Monitoring in Hematologic Malignancies: Clinical Applications and New Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184582. [PMID: 34572809 PMCID: PMC8470441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In hematologic cancers, Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) monitoring, using either molecular (PCR) or immunophenotypic (MFC) diagnostics, allows the identification of rare cancer cells, readily detectable either in the bone marrow or in the peripheral blood at very low levels, far below the limit of classic microscopy. In this paper, we outlined the state-of-the-art of MFC-based MRD detection in different hematologic settings, highlighting main recommendations and new challenges for using such method in patients with acute leukemias or chronic hematologic neoplasms. The combination of new molecular technologies with advanced flow cytometry is progressively allowing clinicians to design a personalized therapeutic path, proportionate to the biological aggressiveness of the disease, in particular by using novel immunotherapies, in view of a modern decision-making process, based on precision medicine. Abstract Along with the evolution of immunophenotypic and molecular diagnostics, the assessment of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) has progressively become a keystone in the clinical management of hematologic malignancies, enabling valuable post-therapy risk stratifications and guiding risk-adapted therapeutic approaches. However, specific prognostic values of MRD in different hematological settings, as well as its appropriate clinical uses (basically, when to measure it and how to deal with different MRD levels), still need further investigations, aiming to improve standardization and harmonization of MRD monitoring protocols and MRD-driven therapeutic strategies. Currently, MRD measurement in hematological neoplasms with bone marrow involvement is based on advanced highly sensitive methods, able to detect either specific genetic abnormalities (by PCR-based techniques and next-generation sequencing) or tumor-associated immunophenotypic profiles (by multiparametric flow cytometry, MFC). In this review, we focus on the growing clinical role for MFC-MRD diagnostics in hematological malignancies—from acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemias (AML, B-ALL and T-ALL) to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM)—providing a comparative overview on technical aspects, clinical implications, advantages and pitfalls of MFC-MRD monitoring in different clinical settings.
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