1
|
Fresno A, Ramos Alvarado N, Núñez D, Ulloa JL, Arriagada J, Cloitre M, Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Shevlin M, Karatzias T. Initial validation of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) in a sample of Chilean adults. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2263313. [PMID: 37815059 PMCID: PMC10566396 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2263313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ICD-11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD) are stress-related disorders. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is a widely used instrument to assess PTSD and CPTSD. To date, there is no evidence of the psychometric characteristics of the ITQ in Latin American countries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the construct and concurrent validity of the Latin American Spanish adaptation of the ITQ in a sample of Chilean adults. METHODS A sample of 275 Chilean young adults completed the ITQ, a traumatic life events checklist, the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21, and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale short version. Four alternative confirmatory factor analysis models were tested. Correlation analyses were performed to determine concurrent validity with associated measures (number of reported traumatic events, number of adverse childhood experiences, anxiety, depression, and suicidal risk). RESULTS The second-order two-factor (PTSD and DSO) and the correlated first-order six-factor model provided acceptable fit; however, the first model showed a better fit based on the BIC difference. The PTSD and DSO dimensions, as well as the six ITQ clusters showed positive correlations with reported number of traumatic life-events, reported number of adverse childhood experiences, levels of anxiety, depression, and suicidal risk. CONCLUSIONS The ITQ Latin American Spanish adaptation provides acceptable psychometric evidence to assess PTSD and CPTSD in accordance with the ICD-11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Fresno
- Programa de Investigación Asociativa (PIA) en Ciencias Cognitivas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas (CICC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Derecho de las Minorías y Gestión de la Diversidad, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Nadia Ramos Alvarado
- Programa de Investigación Asociativa (PIA) en Ciencias Cognitivas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas (CICC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Derecho de las Minorías y Gestión de la Diversidad, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Daniel Núñez
- Programa de Investigación Asociativa (PIA) en Ciencias Cognitivas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas (CICC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio para Mejorar la Salud Mental de Adolescentes y Jóvenes (IMHAY), Santiago, Chile
| | - José Luis Ulloa
- Programa de Investigación Asociativa (PIA) en Ciencias Cognitivas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas (CICC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio para Mejorar la Salud Mental de Adolescentes y Jóvenes (IMHAY), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Arriagada
- Programa de Investigación Asociativa (PIA) en Ciencias Cognitivas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas (CICC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan I. Bisson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Neil P. Roberts
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- Psychology and Psychological Therapies Directorate, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nicoll G, Vincent J, Gajaria A, Zaheer J. A trauma-informed approach to suicide prevention for the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115407. [PMID: 37579538 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers have questioned how the devastation of the pandemic might impact suicide rates. While initial evidence on suicide rates during the early stages of the pandemic is mixed, there are signs we should still remain vigilant. One way of conceptualizing the long-term effects of the pandemic is as a source of multiple traumatic events: the collective trauma of widespread illness and death and social upheaval, individual traumas from the virus itself (e.g., serious illness and disability, traumatic grief, vicarious trauma), traumas from the social and economic consequences (e.g., domestic violence, unemployment), and its intersections with pre-pandemic traumas and oppression. Given trauma is a well-established risk factor for suicide, this carries significant implications for suicide prevention in the wake of the pandemic. Yet access to trauma-informed care, education, and research remains limited. The pandemic presents a unique opportunity to address these gaps and implement a trauma-informed approach to suicide prevention. Building on existing frameworks, we describe how effective suicide prevention for the pandemic must incorporate trauma-informed and trauma-specific services, strategies, and policies; capacity building; collaborative research; and knowledge exchange. Attending to the traumatic effects of the pandemic may reduce the long-term impact on suicide rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Nicoll
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Medical Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Vincent
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Gajaria
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juveria Zaheer
- Institute for Medical Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baranova A, Zhao Y, Cao H, Zhang F. Causal associations between major depressive disorder and COVID-19. Gen Psychiatr 2023; 36:e101006. [PMID: 37066117 PMCID: PMC10083530 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2022-101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate whether major depressive disorder (MDD) could aggravate the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or whether the genetic liability to COVID-19 could trigger MDD. Aims We aimed to assess bidirectional causal associations between MDD and COVID-19. Methods We performed genetic correlation and Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses to assess potential associations between MDD and three COVID-19 outcomes. Literature-based network analysis was conducted to construct molecular pathways connecting MDD and COVID-19. Results We found that MDD has positive genetic correlations with COVID-19 outcomes (rg: 0.10-0.15). Our MR analysis indicated that genetic liability to MDD is associated with increased risks of COVID-19 infection (odds ratio (OR)=1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00 to 1.10, p=0.039). However, genetic liability to the three COVID-19 outcomes did not confer any causal effects on MDD. Pathway analysis identified a panel of immunity-related genes that may mediate the links between MDD and COVID-19. Conclusions Our study suggests that MDD may increase the susceptibility to COVID-19. Our findings emphasise the need to increase social support and improve mental health intervention networks for people with mood disorders during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Niu YN, Long D. Manual development and efficacy of Mindful Living Group activities to promote trauma healing during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1102473. [PMID: 36935712 PMCID: PMC10016353 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disasters can be traumatic with a profound and lasting impact on individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our team developed the Mindful Living Group (MLG) activities manual based on Eastern body-mind wisdom and Western trauma healing theory to provide psychological assistance for trauma healing. Methods In this study, we introduce a framework developed for the 10-session MLG activities manual, which consists of three core modules. Thirty-one participants living all over the country who had experienced traumatic stress resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic received the MLG intervention. This single-arm intervention study offered psychological assistance during the pandemic. The MLG intervention included 10 weekly 2-h sessions held online. Participants completed the initial interview, pre-test, post-test, and 1-month follow-up interviews. The effectiveness of the MLG activities manual was evaluated using psychological measures, including Self-Rating Depression Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Results Compared with the pretest level, the post-test levels of depression (F = 42.78, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.59) and anxiety (F = 23.40, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.44) were significantly lower; and mindfulness (F = 12.98, p =0.001, η 2 =0.30), posttraumatic growth (F = 27.06, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.48), general self-efficacy (F = 13.20, p = 0.001, η 2 = 0.31), and perceived social support (F = 16.27, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.35) were significantly higher (ANOVA). Further correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship of mindfulness with both depression (r = -0.43, p = 0.015) and anxiety (r = -0.35, p = 0.053), and significant positive relationships of mindfulness with posttraumatic growth (r = 0.40, p = 0.025), general self-efficacy (r = 0.52, p = 0.003), and perceived social support (r = 0.40, p = 0.024). Discussion These preliminary findings showed the effectiveness of MLG activities for trauma healing. The mechanisms underlying mindfulness promoting trauma healing are discussed based on both Eastern body-mind wisdom and Western theories of trauma healing. Clinical trial registration Identifier, ChiCTR2000034164.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lewis C, Lewis K, Edwards B, Evison C, John A, Pearce H, Raisanen L, Richards N, Roberts A, Jones I, Bisson JI. Posttraumatic growth related to the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with lived experience of psychiatric disorder. J Trauma Stress 2022; 35:1756-1768. [PMID: 36322379 PMCID: PMC9877956 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to be detrimental to mental health, it may hold a parallel potential for positive change. Little is known about posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a potential outcome for individuals with lived experience of psychiatric disorders following trauma exposure, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 1,424 adults with lived experience of a psychiatric disorder who took part in a longitudinal study of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic conducted by the National Centre for Mental Health. PTG was measured using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF). Factors hypothesized to be associated with PTG were investigated using linear regression. The mean participant PTGI score was 12.64 (SD = 11.01). On average, participants reported the highest scores on items related to appreciation of life and lowest on those related to spiritual change subscale. We found the strongest evidence of associations between higher levels of PTG and higher scores on assessment items related to perceived social support, B = 2.86; perceptions of the pandemic as traumatic, B = 4.89; and higher psychological well-being, B = 0.40. Taken together, we did not observe evidence of widespread PTG related to the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with lived experiences of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Lewis
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Katie Lewis
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Bethan Edwards
- National Centre for Mental Health, PÂRCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Claudia Evison
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Ann John
- National Centre for Mental Health, Population Data ScienceSwansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUnited Kingdom
| | - Holly Pearce
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Lawrence Raisanen
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Natalie Richards
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Alice Roberts
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Ian Jones
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Jonathan I. Bisson
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lewis C, Lewis K, Roberts A, Edwards B, Evison C, John A, Meudell A, Parry P, Pearce H, Richards N, Jones I, Bisson JI. Trauma exposure and co-occurring ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder and complex post-traumatic stress disorder in adults with lived experience of psychiatric disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2022; 146:258-271. [PMID: 35752949 PMCID: PMC9543812 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish factors associated with ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) in a large sample of adults with lived experience of psychiatric disorder and examine the psychiatric burden associated with the two disorders. METHODS One thousand three hundred and five adults were recruited from the National Centre for Mental Health (NCMH) cohort. ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD were assessed with the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with both PTSD and CPTSD. One-way between-groups analysis of variance was conducted to examine the burden associated with the two disorders in terms of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and psychological wellbeing. For post-hoc pairwise comparisons, the Tukey HSD test was used, and the magnitude of between-group differences assessed using Cohen's d. RESULTS Probable ICD-11 CPTSD was more common than PTSD within the sample (PTSD 2.68%; CPTSD 12.72%). We found evidence that PTSD was associated with interpersonal trauma and household income under £20,000 a year. CPTSD was also associated with interpersonal trauma, higher rates of personality disorder, and lower rates of bipolar disorder. Those with probable-CPTSD had higher levels of current anxiety and depressive symptoms and lower psychological wellbeing in comparison to those with probable-PTSD and those with neither disorder. CONCLUSIONS CPTSD was more prevalent than PTSD in our sample of people with lived experience of psychiatric disorder. Our findings indicate a need for routine screening for trauma histories and PTSD/CPTSD in clinical settings and a greater focus on the need for interventions to treat CPTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Lewis
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Katie Lewis
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alice Roberts
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bethan Edwards
- National Centre for Mental Health, PÂR, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Claudia Evison
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ann John
- National Centre for Mental Health, Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Alan Meudell
- National Centre for Mental Health, PÂR, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Patrick Parry
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Holly Pearce
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Natalie Richards
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian Jones
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jonathan I Bisson
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|