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Zhao X, Yang Y, Fu Y, Lv W, Xu D. DNA methylation detection is a significant biomarker for screening endometrial cancer in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024; 34:1165-1171. [PMID: 39043572 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2024-005723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to explore the value of DNA (CDO1m/CELF4m) methylation detection in exfoliated cervical cells collected for screening endometrial cancer in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. METHODS A total of 296 premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from November 2021 to October 2022 were selected. Clinical characteristics, endometrial thickness measured by transvaginal ultrasound and serum CA125 were collected. Exfoliated cervical cells from the thinPrep cytogic test were collected for DNA (CDO1m/CELF4m) methylation testing. Endometrial tissue was collected under hysteroscopy for pathological diagnosis as the gold standard. A univariate logistic regression model was used to analyze risk factors for endometrial cancer. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to measure the diagnostic efficacy of DNA methylation detection in endometrial cancer screening of women with abnormal uterine bleeding. RESULTS Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, endometrial thickness ≥11 mm, CDO1 methylation (CDO1mΔCt≤8.4), CELF4 methylation (CELF4mΔCt≤8.8), and dual gene methylation (CDO1mΔCt≤8.4 or CELF4mΔCt≤8.8) were independent risk factors for endometrial cancer in women with abnormal uterine bleeding. The odds ratio (OR) values (95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.87 (0.80-0.95), 4.76 (1.89-11.96), 8.41 (3.13-22.59), 64.49 (20.46-203.33), 12.79 (4.91-33.30), and 42.53 (11.90-152.04), respectively. Among these indicators, dual gene methylation had the higher sensitivity and specificity for endometrial cancer screening (85.7% and 87.6%). Moreover, dual gene methylation combined with BMI or endometrial thickness could further improve the screening efficiency of endometrial cancer in women with abnormal uterine bleeding. CONCLUSIONS In premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding, the clinical efficacy of DNA (CDO1m/CELF4m) methylation detection in exfoliated cervical cells for endometrial cancer screening was better than that of other noninvasive clinical indicators. In addition, dual gene methylation combined with BMI or endometrial thickness was a good predictor of endometrial cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Zhao
- Gynecology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Jiangwan Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Station of Clinical Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Gynecology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinqin Fu
- Gynecology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weigang Lv
- Gynecology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dabao Xu
- Gynecology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Mehta SP, Patel TS, Jana T, Samanta ST, Malvania R, Trivedi PP, Girdher S. How useful are cervical Pap smears in detecting endometrial carcinomas? A tertiary cancer center experience. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 49:127-131. [PMID: 32910561 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of routine cervical Pap smears in detecting endometrial carcinomas. METHOD A retrospective study was carried out from the histopathology archives for cases diagnosed as endometrial carcinomas with Pap smears within 6 months before histological diagnosis. The demographic details, reports of Pap smears and other tumor parameters on histopathology were noted. RESULTS We identified 380 of 482 cases of endometrial carcinoma with a documented Pap smear within 6 months before histopathogical diagnosis. Out of 380 cases, 187 cases (49.2%) had shown abnormalities on Pap smear of which 80 cases (42%) were diagnosed as atypical glandular cells and 78 cases (41.7%) were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. The presence of glandular abnormality on Pap smear significantly correlated with the tumor type, myometrial invasion and cervical involvement on histopathology (P < .05). Cases which had higher FIGO staging also had a higher detection rate on Pap smear (P < .05). CONCLUSION The Pap smear may help in detection of endometrial carcinoma especially in cases with type 2 endometrial carinomas, tumor with cervical involvement and/or advanced FIGO stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailee P Mehta
- Department of Oncopathology, Gujarat Cancer And Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Trupti S Patel
- Department of Oncopathology, Gujarat Cancer And Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Torsha Jana
- Department of Oncopathology, Gujarat Cancer And Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Satarupa T Samanta
- Department of Oncopathology, Gujarat Cancer And Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rujuta Malvania
- Department of Oncopathology, Gujarat Cancer And Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Priti P Trivedi
- Department of Oncopathology, Gujarat Cancer And Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Swati Girdher
- Department of Oncopathology, Gujarat Cancer And Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Abu-Zaid A, Alsabban M, Alomar O, Abuzaid M, Jamjoom MZ, Salem H, Al-Badawi IA. Preoperative cervical cytology as a prognostic factor in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer: A single-center experience from Saudi Arabia. Avicenna J Med 2020; 10:111-117. [PMID: 32832427 PMCID: PMC7414599 DOI: 10.4103/ajm.ajm_147_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate the frequency of preoperative abnormal cervical cytology (CC), (2) to explore correlations between preoperative CC and specific clinicopathological prognostic factors (tumor stage, endometrioid grade, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space involvement, cervical involvement, and recurrence), and (3) to examine the impact of preoperative CC on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in Saudi patients with endometrioid-type endometrial cancer (EC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. The study’s inclusion criteria included: (1) patients who underwent staging operation for EC from 2010–2014, (2) patients who had preoperative CC results within 3 months before staging operation, and (3) patients with final histopathological diagnosis of endometrioid-type EC. Results: Hundred and sixteen patients (n = 116) met the study’s inclusion criteria. CC results were abnormal in 46 patients (39.7%). Patients with abnormal CC had statistically significant higher rates of unfavorable Grades II–III tumor and cervical involvement than patients with normal CC (P = 0.004, chi-square test). There were no statistically significant differences (log-rank test) between patients with normal and abnormal CC with regard to DFS (P = 0.525) and OS (P = 0.166). Multivariate analyses of DFS and OS (Cox proportional hazards model) failed to show preoperative CC as a significant independent prognostic factor of DFS and OS (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of abnormal preoperative CC in patients with endometrioid-type EC is not uncommon. Abnormal CC correlates with poor prognostic factors, namely high tumor grade and cervical involvement. Preoperative CC is not a significant independent prognostic factor of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Mohannad Alsabban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Alomar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abuzaid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Z Jamjoom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Salem
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A Al-Badawi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Frias-Gomez J, Benavente Y, Ponce J, Brunet J, Ibáñez R, Peremiquel-Trillas P, Baixeras N, Zanca A, Piulats JM, Aytés Á, Matias-Guiu X, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S, Alemany L, Costas L. Sensitivity of cervico-vaginal cytology in endometrial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cytopathol 2020; 128:792-802. [PMID: 32202704 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervico-vaginal cytology is primarily a cervical cancer screening test. The anatomical continuity of the uterine cavity with the cervix makes the Papanicolaou (Pap) test accessible to evaluate signs of disease shed from the endometrium. Our aim was to determine the sensitivity of routine Pap test in endometrial carcinoma detection and its relationship with clinico-pathologic factors. We performed a systematic review of studies reporting Pap test results prior to diagnosis of or surgery for endometrial carcinoma between 1990 and 2018 in PubMed or Web of Science. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality using an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. We identified 45 studies including a total of 6599 women with endometrial cancer. Abnormal Pap test results prior to diagnosis of or surgery for endometrial carcinoma were observed in 45% (95% CI, 40%-50%) of study participants. This percentage was significantly higher among those of non-endometrioid histology compared with endometrioid subtypes (77% [95% CI, 66%-87%] vs 44% [95% CI, 34%-53%], respectively; P heterogeneity <.001). Several clinico-pathologic factors were related to a higher percentage of abnormal Pap test results, including high-stage, myometrial invasion >50%, high histological grade, positive peritoneal cytology, presence of lymph node metastasis, cervical involvement, and lymphovascular invasion (P heterogeneity <.05 for all variables). Routine cervical cytology can detect endometrial cancer in almost half of patients, whereas sensitivity is higher among individuals with non-endometrioid histology or more advanced cancers. This review summarizes the current clinical and prognostic value of cervical cytology in endometrial carcinoma. Recent technological developments using molecular biomarkers may improve accuracy for early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Frias-Gomez
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Raquel Ibáñez
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Peremiquel-Trillas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Baixeras
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Zanca
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Piulats
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Cancer, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Aytés
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Xavier Bosch
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.,PATH, Seattle, Washington
| | - Laia Alemany
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Costas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Effectiveness of Pap Smears as Predictor in the Diagnosis of Carcinoma Endometrium at a Tertiary Oncology Centre in India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-020-0380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Huang RL, Su PH, Liao YP, Wu TI, Hsu YT, Lin WY, Wang HC, Weng YC, Ou YC, Huang THM, Lai HC. Integrated Epigenomics Analysis Reveals a DNA Methylation Panel for Endometrial Cancer Detection Using Cervical Scrapings. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:263-272. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gupta N, Crossley J, Dudding N, Smith JHF. Endometrial Adenocarcinoma in SurePath™ Cervical Samples: Cytological Features Revisited. Acta Cytol 2016; 60:46-52. [PMID: 26934466 DOI: 10.1159/000444043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cytomorphological criteria of malignant endometrial lesions in cervical samples are less well described than those of cervical lesions. We wished to investigate if there were features in SurePath™ liquid-based cytology samples that would facilitate more accurate differentiation between benign and malignant endometrial cells. STUDY DESIGN This was a two-phase study, with a review of all SurePath™ samples reported as endometrial adenocarcinoma (n = 42) evaluating 12 cytological features in the first phase. In phase 2 (test set), all initial cases plus an additional 83 cases were reviewed using these 12 cytological features to predict the outcome. RESULTS Out of 12 cytological features evaluated in phase 1 (training set), nuclear chromatin pattern, apoptotic bodies and tingible body macrophages were found to be the most significant features determining malignant histological outcome. These 12 cytological features were re-evaluated in phase 2 (n = 125). Of 125 cases, 54 had a benign and 71 had a malignant or premalignant histological outcome, with a positive predictive value of 56.8%. CONCLUSION Granular nuclear chromatin, tingible body macrophages and apoptosis in the background are the most significant factors in determining whether endometrial cells present in cervical samples represent malignancy or are benign. Using these features, relatively accurate predictions of endometrial pathology can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Gupta
- Department of Cytology and Gynaecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Serdy K, Yildiz-Aktas I, Li Z, Zhao C. The Value of Papanicolaou Tests in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Carcinoma: A Large Study Cohort From an Academic Medical Center. Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 145:350-4. [PMID: 27124917 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqv085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine on a large scale whether routine cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) tests play a role in endometrial carcinoma diagnosis. METHODS A retrospective search of an academic women's hospital pathology archive for cases of surgically resected endometrial carcinoma with Pap smears within 36 months before the histologic diagnosis was performed. Demographic features, Pap test results, and tumor features were recorded. RESULTS We identified 554 (30.5%) of 1,817 cases of endometrial carcinoma with documented Pap test results within 36 months before histologic diagnosis. Among these 554 patients, 405 (73.0%) had Pap test results within 5 months before histologic diagnosis. In total, 154 (38%) cases demonstrated abnormal glandular cells, and 25 (6.2%) had only benign endometrial cells in women 40 years or older. The presence of glandular abnormality on the Pap test is significantly correlated with tumor size, tumor type, depth of invasion, presence of cervical involvement, and presence of lymphovascular invasion (P < .05). The rate of detecting abnormal glandular cells was higher in cases with a high International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage than in cases with a low FIGO stage (47.5% vs 35.5%; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The Pap test may play a role in the detection of endometrial carcinoma, especially for those with cervical involvement, lymphovascular invasion, and/or advanced stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Serdy
- From the Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Isil Yildiz-Aktas
- From the Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Chengquan Zhao
- From the Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA;
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Lai CR, Hsu CY, Hang JF, Li AFY. The Diagnostic Value of Routine Papanicolaou Smears for Detecting Endometrial Cancers: An Update. Acta Cytol 2015; 59:315-8. [PMID: 26315394 DOI: 10.1159/000438975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The presence of degenerative endometrial debris and abnormal endometrial cells is considered to be the hint for endometrial pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears in detecting endometrial cancers. STUDY DESIGN There were 146 cases of endometrial cancer diagnosed at our institute in 2000-2002 and 271 in 2010-2012. Among them, 57 and 95 relevant reports of Pap smears 6 months prior to the histology diagnosis were retrieved for this study, respectively. In the first time period, new criteria for detecting endometrial lesions had not yet been incorporated into routine screening. RESULTS Twenty cases (21%) of adenocarcinoma, 12 (13%) of atypical glandular cells, 4 (4%) of endometrial debris and 59 (62%) negative reports were found among the more recent 95 relevant Pap smears. The overall efficacy of the Pap smear for detecting endometrial malignancy was 38%, higher than 10 years previously (30%). CONCLUSION Although the Pap smear was originally designed to screen cervical lesions, more effective detection of endometrial lesions could be achieved by adding new criteria to the routine screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Ru Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Kauffman RP, Griffin SJ, Lund JD, Tullar PE. Current recommendations for cervical cancer screening: do they render the annual pelvic examination obsolete? Med Princ Pract 2013; 22:313-22. [PMID: 23328247 PMCID: PMC5586750 DOI: 10.1159/000346137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a screening test for cervical dysplasia has been a major force in diminishing the worldwide incidence of invasive cervical cancer. Screening intervals recommended by professional organizations have changed over the past half century. Recognition of the human papillomavirus (HPV) as the causative agent and enhanced understanding of the natural history of HPV and cervical dysplasia in different age groups have prompted the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and other professional societies to defer Pap smear screening to intervals no less than 2 years apart in women 21-29, and every 3 years in women 30 and over assuming no prior history of cervical dysplasia. Screening should start no sooner than age 21. These recommendations more closely resemble those currently practiced in Europe and other parts of the developed world. Those who have undergone hysterectomy no longer need screening unless high-grade dysplasia was present. Although the value of pelvic examination is not debated in women with symptoms referable to the female genital tract, the endorsement by several professional societies of less than annual cervical cancer screening in healthy women also begs the question of whether annual pelvic examination (speculum and/or bimanual examination) benefits asymptomatic women. Some sexually transmitted infections are amenable to self-insertion of a vaginal probe or detectable by voided urine specimen. Bimanual examination is insensitive in detecting early ovarian cancer with a high false-positive rate leading to patient anxiety, excessive diagnostic testing, and unnecessary surgical procedures. Future study should focus on the frequency in which healthy asymptomatic women should undergo pelvic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Kauffman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Zhou J, Tomashefski JF, Sawady J, Ferrer H, Khiyami A. The diagnostic value of the thinprep pap test in endometrial carcinoma: A prospective study with histological follow-up. Diagn Cytopathol 2012; 41:408-12. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.22841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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