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Marino FZ, Aquino G, Brunelli M, Scognamiglio G, Pedron S, Ronchi A, Cozzolino I, Sparano L, Botti G, Panico L, De Chiara A, Franco R. High performance of multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization to simultaneous detection of BCL2 and BCL6 rearrangements: useful application in the characterization of DLBCLs. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:565-573. [PMID: 33768318 PMCID: PMC8448700 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements involving BCL2, BCL6 and MYC are commonly found in the most frequent B cell lymphomas, namely follicular lymphomas (FLs) and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Particularly, BCL2-rearrangement represents a diagnostic hallmark in FLs, whereas MYC translocation can occur simultaneously with BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, defining a specific category of DLBCLs with a poorer prognosis. In this study, we aim to validate the diagnostic performance of multiplex BCL2/BCL6 FISH approach in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded FLs and DBCLs and cytological samples of DLBCL comparing to the classic set of single break-apart probes. We collected a series of lymphomas, including 85 DLBCLs, 45 FLs and 36 other B-cell lymphoma histotypes and 16 cytological samples of DLBCLs. MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 rearrangements were previously assessed by a classic FISH test using single break-apart probes. All samples were analysed by a multiplex FISH assay. In the FL series, 38 cases showed BCL2-R; in the DLBCLs series, MYC-R was detected in 21 out of 85 DLBCL patients, BCL2-R in 10 out of 85 and BCL6-R in 33 out of 85. In the DLBCL cytological series, MYC-R was detected in 4 out of 16, BCL2-R in 4 out of 16 and BCL6-R in 1 out of 16. Notably, in FFPE, 13 double-hit lymphomas (DHLs) and 3 triple-hit lymphomas (THLs) were detected; in the cytological series, only 3 DHL cases were observed. The dual BCL2/BCL6 FISH probe test results were fully concordant with the results obtained using classic BCL2 and BCL6 single break apart. Particularly, multiplex FISH to simultaneously detect BCL2-R and BCL6-R on a single slide could find a wide application in the characterisation of double- and triple-hit DLBCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Zito Marino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "L Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro n. 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giosuè Scognamiglio
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Pedron
- Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro n. 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "L Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "L Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucianna Sparano
- Pathology Unit, 'Andrea Tortora' Hospital, Via Andrea Tortora, 84016, Pagani, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Panico
- Pathology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Avellino, Italy
| | - Anna De Chiara
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "L Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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2
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Trajkova S, Krstevska-Balkanov S, Petrusevska G, Cevreska L, Pivkova-Veljanovska A, Popova-Labacevska M, Ridova N, Stojanovska S, Panovska-Stavridis I. Prognostic impact of immunophenotyping of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma - a single-centre experience. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2021. [DOI: 10.33320/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2021.67.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept generated by biological expression profile divided patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into two subtypes. This concept has been presented in the recent editions of WHO classification and became a prognostic tool. Aim of the study was introduction of new three-marker model for immunohistochemical and prognostic subclasification of patients with DLBCL. Our retrospective study enrolled 200 adult patients with DLBCL diagnosed and treated in the period between January 2013 to January 2021. They were all treated with chemoimmunotherapy with R+/-CHOP regimen and the median follow-up of the patients was 48 months. We analysed the biopsy samples immunohistochemically with the markers of germinal (BCL6) and post-germinal centre (MUM1), and the marker of apoptosis (BCL2).
Using the immunohistochemical three-marker model, which consisted of BCL-2, BCL-6, and MUM1, we distributed the patients with DLBCL into 2 subgroups: germinal centre – like (GCL) and activated centre-like lymphoma (ACL). The GCL and ACL patients were comparable regarding age, gender and all other already established prognostic parameters. Patients with GCL had overall survival of 140 months, and patients with ACL had overall survival of 88 months. ACL patients with BCL2 expression had a shorter survival compared to ACL patients without BCL2 expression. The difference in survival was statistically significant for p=0.01914.
The study introduced the new three-marker model for immunohistochemical subclasification of patients with DLBCL treated with immunochemotherapy. Apoptotic marker BCL2 is a strong survival predictor. In the present study, we confirmed the prognostic importance of BCL2 protein expression, which showed a predictive capacity in ACL.
Keywords: DLBCL, three - marker model, immunohistochemical, BCL2
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Trajkova
- University Clinic for Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Svetlana Krstevska-Balkanov
- University Clinic for Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Gordana Petrusevska
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 50 Divizija 6, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Lidija Cevreska
- University Clinic for Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandra Pivkova-Veljanovska
- University Clinic for Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Marija Popova-Labacevska
- University Clinic for Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Nevenka Ridova
- University Clinic for Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Simona Stojanovska
- University Clinic for Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Irina Panovska-Stavridis
- University Clinic for Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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3
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Cozzolino I, Giudice V, Mignogna C, Selleri C, Caputo A, Zeppa P. Lymph node fine-needle cytology in the era of personalised medicine. Is there a role? Cytopathology 2019; 30:348-362. [PMID: 31004534 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 2016 World Health Organisation revised classification of lymphoma has sub-classified well-defined entities and added a number of provisional entities on the basis of new knowledge on genetic, epigenetics and phenotypical data; prognostic and predictive features are also part of this classification. New knowledge on well-defined entities further enlightens the mechanisms of lymphomagenesis, which are more complex and multifactorial than once believed. Therapies are also more complex because traditional clinical trials have been integrated with new drugs and compounds with unique mechanisms of actions against distinct molecular targets. As lymphoma acquires additional genetic and phenotypic features over the time, pathological assessment is also necessary. Histological evaluation and tissue collection by surgical biopsies are necessary for phenotypical and molecular purposes; however, these are demanding procedures for both the patient and the health care system. At the same time, the choice of the best treatment for a specific entity, in different phases and different patients requires information that may not be available when the biopsy is performed. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is successfully used in lymph nodes (LNs) in combination with different ancillary techniques and might be used to assess the phenotypic and genetic profile of specific targets and to get key information for therapy, in different phases and stages of the disease, with the option to re-check the same target over time, without surgical excision. This brief review describes LN-FNAC diagnostic criteria, current therapies for lymphomas and the potential role of LN-FNAC in selecting non-Hodgkin lymphomas patients for specific targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Cozzolino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Medicine and Surgery, Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Campania, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Universita' degli Studi "Magna Graecia" Catanzaro (IT), Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Department of Health Sciences, Universita' degli Studi "Magna Graecia" Catanzaro (IT), Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Medicine and Surgery, Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Campania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caputo
- Medicine and Surgery, Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Campania, Italy
| | - Pio Zeppa
- Medicine and Surgery, Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Campania, Italy
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4
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Yang Y, Zhao M, Liu X, Ge P, Zheng F, Chen T, Sun X. Two-way detection of image features and immunolabeling of lymphoma cells with one-step microarray analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:064106. [PMID: 30867867 PMCID: PMC6404911 DOI: 10.1063/1.5063369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Detecting the number of pathological lymphoma cells and lymphocyte subtypes in blood is helpful for clinical diagnosis and typing of lymphoma. In the current study, cell type is identified by cell morphological features and immunolabeled lymphocyte subtypes. Red blood cells and leukocytes were separated using a microfluidic cell chip based on physical blood cell parameters, and leukocytes were identified using five characteristic parameters: energy variance, entropy variance, moment of inertia variance, color mean, and cell area individually. The number of red blood cells that could come into contact with the leukocyte membrane was ≤2 based on the microfluidic injection flow rate of microfluidic chips. Anti-CD3 and anti-CD19 antibodies were used for immunofluorescence staining of T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte surface antigens, respectively. The results suggested that the microfluidic assay could detect lymphocyte surface antigen markers and intact leukocytes. Therefore, we report a one-step microfluidic chip for classifying hematological lymphoma cells based on the physical parameters of cells, which can simultaneously measure the overall morphology of blood cells and immunolabeling of lymphocyte surface antigens in one step, solving the current problem of detecting subtypes of hematological lymphoma cells based on multiple methods and multi-step detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Zheng
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuguo Sun
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Barroca H, Bode-Lesniewska B, Cozzolino I, Zeppa P. Management of cytologic material, preanalytic procedures and biobanking in lymph node cytopathology. Cytopathology 2018; 30:17-30. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Barroca
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica; Hospital S João-Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Beata Bode-Lesniewska
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina; Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli; Napoli Italy
| | - Pio Zeppa
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia; Università di Salerno; Salerno Italy
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6
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Harada S, Sizzle E, Lin MT, Gocke CD. Detection of Chromosomal Translocation in Hematologic Malignancies by a Novel DNA-Based Looped Ligation Assay (LOLA). Clin Chem 2017; 63:1278-1287. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.270140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Disease-defining chromosomal translocations are seen in various neoplasms, especially in lymphomas and leukemias. Translocation detection at the DNA level is often complicated by chromosomal breakpoints that are distributed over very large regions. We have developed a ligation-based assay [the looped ligation assay (LOLA)] to detect translocations from diseases with multiple widely spaced breakpoint hot spots.
METHODS
Oligonucleotide sets that probe breakpoints of IGH-BCL2 (immunoglobulin heavy–apoptosis regulator) in follicular lymphoma (FL), MYC-IGH (MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor–immunoglobulin heavy) in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and BCR-ABL1 (RhoGEF and GTPase activating protein–ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase) in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were designed. DNA from cell lines with these translocations was mixed with oligonucleotides in a single-step ligation reaction followed by PCR amplification. Detection was by capillary electrophoresis. We also tested peripheral blood from 16 CML patients and frozen tissue from 17 FL cases, and the results were compared to reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (CML) or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and δ-PCR (FL).
RESULTS
LOLA produced signals of the expected sizes for the cell lines. Normal control DNA yielded no signals. A dilution series yielded translocation-specific peaks at dilutions as low as 1%. Signal intensity was log linear to the DNA concentration (R2 = 0.94). Furthermore, we were able to detect a LOLA peak in DNA from 53.3% of FL patients and 87.5% of CML patients. The concordance between LOLA, FISH, and δ-PCR in FL was also excellent.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that LOLA is a simple method that is useful for DNA-based detection of translocations in challenging situations, particularly where the breakpoints are not tightly clustered. The assay also has the added benefit of permitting rapid mapping of the breakpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Harada
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Current affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Emily Sizzle
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ming-Tseh Lin
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christopher D Gocke
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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7
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Johnston HE, Carter MJ, Cox KL, Dunscombe M, Manousopoulou A, Townsend PA, Garbis SD, Cragg MS. Integrated Cellular and Plasma Proteomics of Contrasting B-cell Cancers Reveals Common, Unique and Systemic Signatures. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:386-406. [PMID: 28062796 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 800,000 leukemia and lymphoma cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are examples of contrasting B-cell cancers; BL is a highly aggressive lymphoid tumor, frequently affecting children, whereas CLL typically presents as an indolent, slow-progressing leukemia affecting the elderly. The B-cell-specific overexpression of the myc and TCL1 oncogenes in mice induce spontaneous malignancies modeling BL and CLL, respectively. Quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics and isobaric labeling were employed to examine the biology underpinning contrasting Eμ-myc and Eμ-TCL1 B-cell tumors. Additionally, the plasma proteome was evaluated using subproteome enrichment to interrogate biomarker emergence and the systemic effects of tumor burden. Over 10,000 proteins were identified (q<0.01) of which 8270 cellular and 2095 plasma proteins were quantitatively profiled. A common B-cell tumor signature of 695 overexpressed proteins highlighted ribosome biogenesis, cell-cycle promotion and chromosome segregation. Eμ-myc tumors overexpressed several methylating enzymes and underexpressed many cytoskeletal components. Eμ-TCL1 tumors specifically overexpressed ER stress response proteins and signaling components in addition to both subunits of the interleukin-5 (IL5) receptor. IL5 treatment promoted Eμ-TCL1 tumor proliferation, suggesting an amplification of IL5-induced AKT signaling by TCL1. Tumor plasma contained a substantial tumor lysis signature, most prominent in Eμ-myc plasma, whereas Eμ-TCL1 plasma contained signatures of immune-response, inflammation and microenvironment interactions, with putative biomarkers in early-stage cancer. These findings provide a detailed characterization of contrasting B-cell tumor models, identifying common and specific tumor mechanisms. Integrated plasma proteomics allowed the dissection of a systemic response and a tumor lysis signature present in early- and late-stage cancers, respectively. Overall, this study suggests common B-cell cancer signatures exist and illustrates the potential of the further evaluation of B-cell cancer subtypes by integrative proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey E Johnston
- From the ‡Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.,§Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Matthew J Carter
- From the ‡Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kerry L Cox
- From the ‡Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Melanie Dunscombe
- From the ‡Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- §Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,¶Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Paul A Townsend
- ‖Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Paterson Building, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- §Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,¶Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- From the ‡Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
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8
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Peluso AL, Ieni A, Mignogna C, Zeppa P. Lymph Node Fine-Needle Cytology: Beyond Flow Cytometry. Acta Cytol 2016; 60:372-384. [PMID: 27560152 DOI: 10.1159/000447734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) fine-needle cytology (FNC) coupled with flow cytometry immunophenotyping provides relevant information for the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Numerous studies have shown FNC samples to be suitable for different molecular procedures; in this review, some of the molecular procedures most commonly employed for NHL are briefly described and evaluated in this perspective. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromogenic in situ hybridization are briefly described. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays are used to identify and quantify mutations and translocations, namely immunoglobulin (IGH) and T-cell receptor rearrangements by clonality testing and IGVH somatic hypermutations either by Sanger sequencing, single-strand conformational polymorphisms or RT-PCR strategies. High-throughput technologies (HTT) encompass numerous and different diagnostic tools that share the capacity of multiple molecular investigation and sample processing in a fast and reproducible manner. HTT includes gene expression profiling, comparative genomic hybridization, single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and next-generation sequencing technologies. A brief description of these tools and their potential application to LN FNC is reported. The challenge for FNC will be to achieve new knowledge and apply new technologies to FNC, exploiting its own basic qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lucia Peluso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
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9
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Reichard KK, Wood AJ. Laboratory Test Utilization Management: General Principles and Applications in Hematopathology. Surg Pathol Clin 2016; 9:1-10. [PMID: 26940264 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As the cost of health care continues to rise and reimbursement rates decrease, there is a growing demand and need to cut overall costs, enhance quality of services, and maintain as a top priority the needs and safety of the patient. In this article, we provide an introduction to test utilization and outline a general approach to creating an efficient, cost-effective test utilization strategy. We also present and discuss 2 test utilization algorithms that are evidence-based and may be of clinical utility as we move toward the future of doing the necessary tests at the right time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaaren K Reichard
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Adam J Wood
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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10
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VanderLaan PA. Molecular markers: Implications for cytopathology and specimen collection. Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 123:454-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. VanderLaan
- Department of Pathology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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11
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Rubio-Puchol O, Garzón-Pastor S, Cortés-Vizcaíno V, Luna-Boquera I, Gómez-Balaguer M, Hernández-Mijares A. Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thyroid in a woman with autoimmune thyroiditis. Rev Clin Esp 2015; 215:405-8. [PMID: 25816981 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Rubio-Puchol
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Garzón-Pastor
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Cortés-Vizcaíno
- Pathological Anatomy Department, University Hospital Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Luna-Boquera
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Gómez-Balaguer
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - A Hernández-Mijares
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Liehr T, Othman MAK, Rittscher K, Alhourani E. The current state of molecular cytogenetics in cancer diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:517-26. [PMID: 25664836 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1013032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetics and molecular cytogenetics are and will continue to be indispensable tools in cancer diagnostics. Leukemia and lymphoma diagnostics are still emphases of routine (molecular) cytogenetics and corresponding studies of solid tumors gain more and more prominence. Here, first a historical perspective of molecular tumor cytogenetics is provided, which is followed by the basic principles of the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach. Finally the current state of molecular cytogenetics in cancer diagnostics is discussed. Nowadays routine diagnostics includes basic FISH approaches rather than multicolor-FISH. The latter together with modern high-throughput methods have their impact on research to identify new tumor-associated genomic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, Postfach, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Wick
- Departments of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA.
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14
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Zhang S, Gong Y. From cytomorphology to molecular pathology: maximizing the value of cytology of lymphoproliferative disorders and soft tissue tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 140:454-67. [PMID: 24045541 DOI: 10.1309/ajcphdovgw64fipb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The field of cytopathology has been rapidly advancing in the era of molecular pathology and personalized medicine. On-site cytologic evaluation for adequacy and triaging specimens for small core biopsy or fine-needle aspiration (FNA) are often required. Cytopathologists face the challenge of how to best triage small specimens for diagnosis, molecular testing, and personalized treatment. Owing to its minimally invasive nature, FNA alone or combined with core biopsy for lymphoproliferative disorders and soft tissue tumors has gained popularity. METHODS Literature review and author's institutional experience are used for this review article. This article will focus mainly on lymphoproliferative disorders and soft tissue tumors. RESULTS Evaluation combining cytomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and/or molecular pathology is often needed to accurately diagnose and classify lymphomas and soft tissue tumors. Many molecular tests have been performed on cytologic specimens, such as tests for BRAF and RET in thyroid FNA. CONCLUSIONS Molecular pathology has been widely integrated into conventional cytopathology for diagnosing lymphoproliferative disorders and soft tissue tumors, and the diagnostic value of FNA on those tumors has increased significantly. Cytology will play a more important role in the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yun Gong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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15
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Szczepanek-Parulska E, Szkudlarek M, Majewski P, Breborowicz J, Ruchala M. Thyroid nodule as a first manifestation of Hodgkin lymphoma-report of two cases and literature review. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:116. [PMID: 23856094 PMCID: PMC3751227 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lymphomas account for less than 5% of thyroid malignant lesions. Vast majority of them are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), while Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is extremely rare. Here we present two cases of HL, at baseline manifesting as a thyroid lesion. First patient, 29-year-old pregnant female, initially suspected for metastatic medullary thyroid cancer, was eventually diagnosed with mixed cellularity type of thyroid HL. Second patient, 22-year-old woman with suspicion of advanced thyroid cancer, was in the end diagnosed with an extra-lymphatic classical HL of the thyroid. In both cases, despite repeated fine-needle aspiration biopsy, cytological examination gave inconclusive or misleading results. On histopathological examination, thyroid tumor cells were positive for CD15 and CD30 antigen, which is typical for Reed-Sternberg cells. In the report authors also discuss difficulties in management as well as potential importance of novel methods such as FISH, PCR and other molecular techniques in diagnostics of thyroid lymphomas. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2896947559559648.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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16
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Dal Cin P, Qian X, Cibas ES. The marriage of Cytology and Cytogenetics. Cancer Cytopathol 2013; 121:279-90. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Xiaohua Qian
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Edmund S. Cibas
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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