1
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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, Crommelin DJA. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances. Pharm Res 2024:10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x. [PMID: 38937372 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Payne
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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2
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Esfahani IC, Tehrani NA, Ji S, Sun H. Simultaneous Protein Adsorption and Viscosity Measurement using Micropillar-Enhanced Acoustic Wave (μPAW) Device for Pharmaceutical Applications. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00223-5. [PMID: 38857644 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
At the early stages of drug development, the amount of drug materials is rather limited. In this case, viscosity measurement is often postponed to the later stages, where grams of proteins can be produced. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a viscometer capable of measuring the viscosity with high accuracy while requiring low sample volume. This study presents a novel viscosity measurement technique based on measuring the resonance frequency and motional resistance of a micropillar-enhanced acoustic wave (μPAW) device. The μPAW was developed by fabricating micropillars on the quartz crystal microbalance substrate in order to achieve ultra-high sensitivity, thanks to a unique coupling between the micropillar and the resonator. The experimental measurements demonstrated a nonlinear relationship between the density and viscosity of the fluid and the response of μPAW. A calibration correlation was developed using the response of μPAW in aqueous glycerol and sucrose solutions. The measurements were then extended using high-concentration BSA solutions as the model of protein solution. The main advantage of the μPAW device in this work over other viscometers is the ability to simultaneously measure solution viscosity and protein adsorption on the surface. This is a huge step forward in the development of sensing systems for the pharmaceutical industry, where real-time sensing of target biological proteins and measuring the viscosity of a solution is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nastaran A Tehrani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Siqi Ji
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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3
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Kumar G, Ardekani AM. Concentration-Dependent Diffusion of Monoclonal Antibodies: Underlying Mechanisms of Anomalous Diffusion. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2212-2222. [PMID: 38572979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The development, storage, transport, and subcutaneous delivery of highly concentrated monoclonal antibody formulations pose significant challenges due to the high solution viscosity and low diffusion of the antibody molecules in crowded environments. These issues often stem from the self-associating behavior of the antibody molecules, potentially leading to aggregation. In this work, we used a dissipative particle dynamics-based coarse-grained model to investigate the diffusion behavior of IgG1 antibody molecules in aqueous solutions with 15 and 32 mM NaCl and antibody concentrations ranging from 10 to 400 mg/mL. We determined the coarse-grained interaction parameters by matching the calculated structure factor with the computational and experimental data from the literature. Our results indicate Fickian diffusion for antibody concentrations of 10 and 25 mg/mL and anomalous diffusion for concentrations exceeding 50 mg/mL. The anomalous diffusion was observed for ∼0.33 to 0.4 μs, followed by Fickian diffusion for all antibody concentrations. We observed a strong linear correlation between the diffusion behavior of the antibody molecules (diffusion coefficient D and anomalous diffusion exponent α) and the amount of aggregates present in the solution and between the amount of aggregates and the Coulomb interaction energy. The investigation of underlying mechanisms for anomalous diffusion revealed that in crowded environments at high antibody concentrations, the attractive interaction between electrostatically complementary regions of the antibody molecules could further bring the neighboring molecules closer to one another, ultimately resulting in aggregate formation. Further, the Coulomb attraction can continue to draw more molecules together, forming larger aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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4
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Song J, Taraban M, Yu YB, Lu L, Biswas PG, Xu W, Xi H, Bhambhani A, Hu G, Su Y. In-situ biophysical characterization of high-concentration protein formulations using wNMR. MAbs 2024; 16:2304624. [PMID: 38299343 PMCID: PMC10841025 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2304624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High-concentration protein formulation is of paramount importance in patient-centric drug product development, but it also presents challenges due to the potential for enhanced aggregation and increased viscosity. The analysis of critical quality attributes often necessitates the transfer of samples from their primary containers together with sample dilution. Therefore, there is a demand for noninvasive, in situ biophysical methods to assess protein drug products directly in primary sterile containers, such as prefilled syringes, without dilution. In this study, we introduce a novel application of water proton nuclear magnetic resonance (wNMR) to evaluate the aggregation propensity of a high-concentration drug product, Dupixent® (dupilumab), under stress conditions. wNMR results demonstrate a concentration-dependent, reversible association of dupilumab in the commercial formulation, as well as irreversible aggregation when exposed to accelerated thermal stress, but gradually reversible aggregation when exposed to freeze and thaw cycles. Importantly, these results show a strong correlation with data obtained from established biophysical analytical tools widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. The application of wNMR represents a promising approach for in situ noninvasive analysis of high-concentration protein formulations directly in their primary containers, providing valuable insights for drug development and quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Marc Taraban
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Y. Bruce Yu
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lynn Lu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Pallavi Guha Biswas
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Hanmi Xi
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Akhilesh Bhambhani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Guangli Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
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5
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Bajoria S, Antunez LR, Kumru OS, Klempner M, Wang Y, Cavacini LA, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Formulation Studies to Develop Low-Cost, Orally-Delivered Secretory IgA Monoclonal Antibodies for Passive Immunization Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1832-1844. [PMID: 37040833 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common cause for diarrheal infections in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To date, no ETEC vaccine candidates have been approved. Passive immunization with low-cost, oral formulations of secretory IgA (sIgA) against ETEC is an alternative approach to protect high-risk populations in LMICs. Using a model sIgA monoclonal antibody (anti-LT sIgA2-mAb), the stability profiles of different formulations were assessed during storage and in in vitro digestion models (mimicking in vivo oral delivery). First, by employing various physicochemical techniques and a LT-antigen binding assay, three formulations with varying acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) were evaluated to stabilize sIgA2-mAb during stress studies (freeze-thaw, agitation, elevated temperature) and during exposure to gastric phase digestion. Next, a low-volume, in vitro intestinal digestion model was developed to screen various additives to stabilize sIgA2-mAb in the intestinal phase. Finally, combinations of high ANC buffers and decoy proteins were assessed to collectively protect sIgA2-mAb during in vitro sequential (stomach to intestine) digestion. Based on the results, we demonstrate the feasibility of low-cost, 'single-vial', liquid formulations of sIgA-mAbs delivered orally after infant feeding for passive immunization, and we suggest future work based on a combination of in vitro and in vivo stability considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Bajoria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Lorena R Antunez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Ozan S Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Mark Klempner
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Lisa A Cavacini
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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6
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Rumanek T, Kołodziej M, Piątkowski W, Antos D. Preferential precipitation of acidic variants from monoclonal antibody pools. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:114-124. [PMID: 36226348 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Microheterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can impact their activity and stability. Formation of charge variants is considered as the most important source of the microheterogeneity. In particular, controlling the content of the acidic species is often of major importance for the production process and regulatory approval of therapeutic proteins. In this study, the preferential precipitation process was developed for reducing the content of acidic variants in mAb downstream pools. The process design was preceded by the determination of phase behavior of mAb variants in the presence of different precipitants. It was shown that the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in protein solutions favored precipitation of acidic variants of mAbs. Precipitation yield was influenced by the variant composition in the mAb feed solutions, the concentration of the precipitant and the protein, and the ionic strength of the solutions. To improve yield, multistage precipitation was employed, where the precipitate was recycled to the precipitation process. The final product was a mixture of supernatants pooled together from the recycling steps. Such an approach can be potentially used either instead or in a combination with chromatography for adjusting the acidic variant content of mAbs, which can benefit in improvement in throughput and reduction in manufacturing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Rumanek
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Michał Kołodziej
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piątkowski
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Antos
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
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7
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Yang D, Walker LM. Synergistic Effects of Multiple Excipients on Controlling Viscosity of Concentrated Protein Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2022; 112:1379-1387. [PMID: 36539064 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Viscosity control is essential for the manufacturing and delivery of concentrated therapeutic proteins. Limited availability of the precious protein-based drugs hinders the characterization and screening of the formulation conditions with new types or different combinations of excipients. In this work, a droplet-based microfluidic device with incorporated multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT) is developed to quantify the effects of two excipients, arginine hydrochloride (ArgHCl) and caffeine, on the viscosity of concentrated bovine gamma globulin (BGG) dispersions at two different values of pH. The effectiveness of both ArgHCl and caffeine show dependence on the BGG concentration and solution pH. The data set with high compositional resolution provides useful information to guide formulation with multiple viscosity-reducing excipients and quantification appropriate to start elucidating the connection to protein-protein interaction mechanisms. Overall, this work has demonstrated that the developed microfluidic approach has the potential to effectively assess the impact of multiple excipients on the viscosity and provide data for computational methods to predict viscosity for high concentration protein formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - Lynn M Walker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States.
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8
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Abdelaziz AA, Kamer AMA, Al-Monofy KB, Al-Madboly LA. A purified and lyophilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa derived pyocyanin induces promising apoptotic and necrotic activities against MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:262. [PMID: 36528623 PMCID: PMC9759863 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyocyanin, a specific extracellular secondary metabolite pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibits redox activity and has toxic effects on mammalian cells, making it a new and potent alternative for treating cancer. Breast cancer (BC) treatment is now defied by acquired and de novo resistance to chemotherapy, radiation, or targeted therapies. Therefore, the anticancer activity of purified and characterized pyocyanin was examined against BC in our study. RESULTS The maximum production of pyocyanin (53 µg/ml) was achieved by incubation of the highest pyocyanin-producing P. aeruginosa strain (P32) in pH-adjusted peptone water supplemented with 3% cetrimide under shaking conditions at 37 °C for 3 days. The high purity of the extracted pyocyanin was proven by HPLC against standard pyocyanin. The stability of pyocyanin was affected by the solvent in which it was stored. Therefore, the purified pyocyanin extract was lyophilized to increase its shelf-life up to one year. Using the MTT assay, we reported, for the first time, the cytotoxic effect of pyocyanin against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) with IC50 = 15 μg/ml while it recorded a safe concentration against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The anticancer potential of pyocyanin against MCF-7 was associated with its apoptotic and necrotic activities which were confirmed qualitatively and quantitively using confocal laser scanning microscopy, inverted microscopy, and flow cytometry. Caspase-3 measurements, using real-time PCR and western blot, revealed that pyocyanin exerted its apoptotic activity against MCF-7 through caspase-3 activation. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrated that pyocyanin may be an ideal anticancer candidate, specific to cancer cells, for treating MCF-7 by its necrotic and caspase-3-dependent apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Abdelaziz
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amal M. Abo Kamer
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Khaled B. Al-Monofy
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A. Al-Madboly
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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9
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Conner CG, McAndrew J, Menegatti S, Velev OD. An accelerated antibody aggregation test based on time sequenced dynamic light scattering. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Kaddah MMY, Ali HM, Hammad SF, El-Malla SF. New quantification method for monitoring eighteen L-amino acids levels in schizophrenic patients by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5472. [PMID: 35906747 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A fast, uncomplicated, sensitive, and fully validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed for estimating L-amino acids in the plasma of schizophrenic patients. The gradient-elution chromatographic method was implemented with the Luna® PFP column (50 × 2.0 mm, 5-μm), and a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol was used. The intraday and interday variability of the L-amino acids were less than 13.11%, and their accuracy ranged from 85.14 - 116.75% at the quality control levels and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) ranged from 2.5 - 15 nM. The extraction efficiency (apparent recovery) of amino acids from healthy plasma was employed by spiking the plasma with standard amino acids at the quality control levels. Their percentage recoveries ranged from 80.4% to 119.94%. Our method has a short run time and fast sample preparation compared with existing methods, which are suffered from long preparative steps and/or time-consuming analysis, restricted reagents, and suboptimal performance characteristics presently available technologies. Therefore, the proposed HPLC-MS/MS method was effectively applied for monitoring the L-amino acids in the plasma of schizophrenic patients and healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Y Kaddah
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba M Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherin F Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Samah F El-Malla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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11
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Poly (ethylene) glycol (PEG) precipitation of glycosylated and non-glycosylated monoclonal antibodies. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Ruppen I, Beydon ME, Solís C, Sacristán D, Vandenheede I, Ortiz A, Sandra K, Adhikary L. Similarity demonstrated between isolated charge variants of MB02, a biosimilar of bevacizumab, and Avastin® following extended physicochemical and functional characterization. Biologicals 2022; 77:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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13
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Jiskoot W, Hawe A, Menzen T, Volkin DB, Crommelin DJA. Ongoing Challenges to Develop High Concentration Monoclonal Antibody-based Formulations for Subcutaneous Administration: Quo Vadis? J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:861-867. [PMID: 34813800 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although many subcutaneously (s.c.) delivered, high-concentration antibody formulations (HCAF) have received regulatory approval and are widely used commercially, formulation scientists are still presented with many ongoing challenges during HCAF development with new mAb and mAb-based candidates. Depending on the specific physicochemical and biological properties of a particular mAb-based molecule, such challenges vary from pharmaceutical attributes e.g., stability, viscosity, manufacturability, to clinical performance e.g., bioavailability, immunogenicity, and finally to patient experience e.g., preference for s.c. vs. intravenous delivery and/or preferred interactions with health-care professionals. This commentary focuses on one key formulation obstacle encountered during HCAF development: how to maximize the dose of the drug? We examine methodologies for increasing the protein concentration, increasing the volume delivered, or combining both approaches together. We discuss commonly encountered hurdles, i.e., physical protein instability and solution volume limitations, and we provide recommendations to formulation scientists to facilitate their development of s.c. administered HCAF with new mAb-based product candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jiskoot
- Coriolis Pharma Research GmbH, Fraunhoferstr. 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Hawe
- Coriolis Pharma Research GmbH, Fraunhoferstr. 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tim Menzen
- Coriolis Pharma Research GmbH, Fraunhoferstr. 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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14
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Schneider KT, Kirmann T, Wenzel EV, Grosch JH, Polten S, Meier D, Becker M, Matejtschuk P, Hust M, Russo G, Dübel S. Shelf-Life Extension of Fc-Fused Single Chain Fragment Variable Antibodies by Lyophilization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:717689. [PMID: 34869052 PMCID: PMC8634725 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.717689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of sequence defined antibodies from universal libraries by phage display has been established over the past three decades as a robust method to cope with the increasing market demand in therapy, diagnostics and research. For applications requiring the bivalent antigen binding and an Fc part for detection, phage display generated single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments can rapidly be genetically fused to the Fc moiety of an IgG for the production in eukaryotic cells of antibodies with IgG-like properties. In contrast to conversion of scFv into IgG format, the conversion to scFv-Fc requires only a single cloning step, and provides significantly higher yields in transient cell culture production than IgG. ScFv-Fcs can be effective as neutralizing antibodies in vivo against a panel of pathogens and toxins. However, different scFv fragments are more heterologous in respect of stability than Fab fragments. While some scFv fragments can be made extremely stable, this may change due to few mutations, and is not predictable from the sequence of a newly selected antibody. To mitigate the necessity to assess the stability for every scFv-Fc antibody, we developed a generic lyophilization protocol to improve their shelf life. We compared long-term stability and binding activity of phage display-derived antibodies in the scFv-Fc and IgG format, either stored in liquid or lyophilized state. Conversion of scFv-Fcs into the full IgG format reduced protein degradation and aggregation, but in some cases compromised binding activity. Comparably to IgG conversion, lyophilization of scFv-Fc resulted in the preservation of the antibodies' initial properties after storage, without any drop in affinity for any of the tested antibody clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Thomas Schneider
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Toni Kirmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Grosch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Saskia Polten
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Doris Meier
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marlies Becker
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Paul Matejtschuk
- Standardisation Science, National Institute for Biological Standards & Control (NIBSC), Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hust
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Giulio Russo
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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15
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ATP and Tri-Polyphosphate (TPP) Suppress Protein Aggregate Growth by a Supercharging Mechanism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111646. [PMID: 34829875 PMCID: PMC8616003 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A common strategy to increase aggregation resistance is through rational mutagenesis to supercharge proteins, which leads to high colloidal stability, but often has the undesirable effect of lowering conformational stability. We show this trade-off can be overcome by using small multivalent polyphosphate ions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and tripolyphosphate (TPP) as excipients. These ions are equally effective at suppressing aggregation of ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) upon thermal stress as monitored by dynamic and static light scattering. Monomer loss kinetic studies, combined with measurements of native state protein–protein interactions and ζ-potentials, indicate the ions reduce aggregate growth by increasing the protein colloidal stability through binding and overcharging the protein. Out of three additional proteins studied, ribonuclease A (RNaseA), α-chymotrypsinogen (α-Cgn), and lysozyme, we only observed a reduction in aggregate growth for RNaseA, although overcharging by the poly-phosphate ions still occurs for lysozyme and α-Cgn. Because the salts do not alter protein conformational stability, using them as excipients could be a promising strategy for stabilizing biopharmaceuticals once the protein structural factors that determine whether multivalent ion binding will increase colloidal stability are better elucidated. Our findings also have biological implications. Recently, it has been proposed that ATP also plays an important role in maintaining intracellular biological condensates and preventing protein aggregation in densely packed cellular environments. We expect electrostatic interactions are a significant factor in determining the stabilizing ability of ATP towards maintaining proteins in non-dispersed states in vivo.
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Girelli A, Beck C, Bäuerle F, Matsarskaia O, Maier R, Zhang F, Wu B, Lang C, Czakkel O, Seydel T, Schreiber F, Roosen-Runge F. Molecular Flexibility of Antibodies Preserved Even in the Dense Phase after Macroscopic Phase Separation. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4162-4169. [PMID: 34637319 PMCID: PMC8564753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibody therapies are typically based on high-concentration formulations that need to be administered subcutaneously. These conditions induce several challenges, inter alia a viscosity suitable for injection, sufficient solution stability, and preservation of molecular function. To obtain systematic insights into the molecular factors, we study the dynamics on the molecular level under strongly varying solution conditions. In particular, we use solutions of antibodies with poly(ethylene glycol), in which simple cooling from room temperature to freezing temperatures induces a transition from a well-dispersed solution into a phase-separated and macroscopically arrested system. Using quasi-elastic neutron scattering during in situ cooling ramps and in prethermalized measurements, we observe a strong decrease in antibody diffusion, while internal flexibility persists to a significant degree, thus ensuring the movement necessary for the preservation of molecular function. These results are relevant for a more dynamic understanding of antibodies in high-concentration formulations, which affects the formation of transient clusters governing the solution viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Girelli
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Beck
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Famke Bäuerle
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Matsarskaia
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Ralph Maier
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Lang
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Orsolya Czakkel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Tilo Seydel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Roosen-Runge
- Department of Biomedical Science and Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
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17
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Droplet-Based Microfluidic Tool to Quantify Viscosity of Concentrating Protein Solutions. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1765-1775. [PMID: 34664208 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Measurement of the viscosity of concentrated protein solutions is vital for the manufacture and delivery of protein therapeutics. Conventional methods for viscosity measurements require large solution volumes, creating a severe limitation during the early stage of protein development. The goal of this work is to develop a robust technique that requires minimal sample. METHODS In this work, a droplet-based microfluidic device is developed to quantify the viscosity of protein solutions while concentrating in micrometer-scale droplets. The technique requires only microliters of sample. The corresponding viscosity is characterized by multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT). RESULTS We show that the viscosities quantified in the microfluidic device are consistent with macroscopic results measured by a conventional rheometer for poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) solutions. The technique was further applied to quantify viscosities of well-studied lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions. Comparison to both macroscopic measurements and models (Krieger-Dougherty model) demonstrate the validity of the approach. CONCLUSION The droplet-based microfluidic device provides accurate quantitative values of viscosity over a range of concentrations for protein solutions with small sample volumes (~ μL) and high compositional resolution. This device will be extended to study the effect of different excipients and other additives on the viscosity of protein solutions.
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18
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Similarity demonstrated between isolated charge variants of MB02, a biosimilar of bevacizumab, and Avastin® following extended physicochemical and functional characterization. Biologicals 2021; 73:41-56. [PMID: 34593306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of recombinant mAb products contain heterogeneous charge variants, commonly the result of post-translational modifications occurring during cell culture and accumulated during production, formulation and storage. MB02 is a biosimilar mAb to bevacizumab. Similarity data of charge variants for biosimilars against its reference products must be generated to demonstrate consistency in product quality and to ensure efficacy and safety. The goal of this work was to isolate seven charge variants of MB02 and Avastin® by semi-preparative cation exchange chromatography followed by purity test and extended analytical characterization to prove similarity. Although poor purity obtained for minor variants complicated data interpretation, an in-depth insight into the charge variants pattern of MB02 compared to Avastin® was obtained, contributing to a better understanding of modifications associated to microheterogeneity. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative analytical study of individual charge variants of a bevacizumab biosimilar following a head-to head approach and the most comprehensive N-glycosylation assessment of IgG1 charge variants. Although modifications related to N- and C-terminal, N-glycans, size heterogeneity or deamidation were specifically enriched among low abundant charge variants, they did not affect binding affinity to VEGF or FcRn and in vitro potency compared with the main species or unfractionated material.
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19
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Hirschman J, Venkataramani D, Murphy MI, Patel SM, Du J, Amin S. Application of thin gap rheometry for high shear rate viscosity measurement in monoclonal antibody formulations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Shahriar M, Rewanwar A, Rohilla P, Marston J. Understanding the effect of counterpressure buildup during syringe injections. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120530. [PMID: 33811964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The pain felt during injection, typically delivered via a hypodermic needle as a single bolus, is associated with the pressure build-up around the site of injection. It is hypothesized that this counterpressure is a function of the target tissue as well as fluid properties. Given that novel vaccines target different tissues (muscle, adipose, and skin) and can exhibit a wide range of fluid properties, we conducted a study of the effect of volumetric flow rate, needle size, viscosity and rheology of fluid, and hyaluronidase as an adjuvant on counterpressure build-up in porcine skin and muscle tissues. In particular, we found a significant increase in counterpressure for intradermal (ID) injections compared to intramuscular (IM) injections, by an order of magnitude in some cases. We also showed that the addition of adjuvant affected the tissue back pressure only in case of subcutaneous (SC) injections. We observed that the volumetric flow rate plays an important role along with the needle size. This study aims to improve the current understanding and limitations of liquid injectability via hypodermic needles, however, the results also have implications for other technologies, such as intradermal jet injection where a liquid bleb is formed under the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahriar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Ankit Rewanwar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Pankaj Rohilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Jeremy Marston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States.
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21
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Dandekar R, Ardekani AM. Monoclonal Antibody Aggregation near Silicone Oil-Water Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1386-1398. [PMID: 33478225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we study the hydrodynamic behavior of monoclonal antibodies in the presence of silicone oil-water interfaces. We model the antibody molecules using a coarse-grained 24-bead model, where two beads are used to represent each antibody domain. We consider the spatial variation of the antibody polarity in our model as each bead represents a set of hydrophilic or hydrophobic amino acids. We use the dissipative particle dynamics scheme to represent the coarse-grained force field which governs the motion of the beads. In addition, interprotein interactions are modeled using an electrostatic force field. The model parameters are determined by comparing the structure factor against experimental structure factor data ranging from a low concentration regime (10 mg/mL) to a high concentration regime (150 mg/mL). Next, we conduct simulations for a suspension of antibody molecules in the presence of silicone oil-water interfaces. Protein loss from the bulk solution is noticed as the molecules adsorb at the interface. We observe dynamic cluster formation in the solution bulk and at the interface, as the antibody molecules self-associate along their trajectories. We quantify the aggregation using a density clustering algorithm and investigate the effect of the antibody concentration on the diffusivity of the antibody solution, aggregation propensity, and protein loss from the bulk. Our study shows that numerical simulations can be an important tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms driving protein aggregation near hydrophobic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Dandekar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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22
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Lai PK, Fernando A, Cloutier TK, Gokarn Y, Zhang J, Schwenger W, Chari R, Calero-Rubio C, Trout BL. Machine Learning Applied to Determine the Molecular Descriptors Responsible for the Viscosity Behavior of Concentrated Therapeutic Antibodies. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1167-1175. [PMID: 33450157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the solution viscosity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug products remains as one of the main challenges in antibody drug design, manufacturing, and delivery. In this work, the concentration-dependent solution viscosity of 27 FDA-approved mAbs was measured at pH 6.0 in 10 mM histidine-HCl. Six mAbs exhibited high viscosity (>30 cP) in solutions at 150 mg/mL mAb concentration. Combining molecular modeling and machine learning feature selection, we found that the net charge in the mAbs and the amino acid composition in the Fv region are key features which govern the viscosity behavior. For mAbs whose behavior was not dominated by charge effects, we observed that high viscosity is correlated with more hydrophilic and fewer hydrophobic residues in the Fv region. A predictive model based on the net charges of mAbs and a high viscosity index is presented as a fast screening tool for classifying low- and high-viscosity mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Kuang Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amendra Fernando
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Theresa K Cloutier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yatin Gokarn
- Biologics Development, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Biologics Development, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Walter Schwenger
- Biologics Development, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Ravi Chari
- Biologics Development, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Cesar Calero-Rubio
- Biologics Development, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Bernhardt L Trout
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Digital Twin for Lyophilization by Process Modeling in Manufacturing of Biologics. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyophilization stabilizes formulated biologics for storage, transport and application to patients. In process design and operation it is the link between downstream processing and with final formulation to fill and finish. Recent activities in Quality by Design (QbD) have resulted in approaches by regulatory authorities and the need to include Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools. An approach is outlined to validate a predictive physical-chemical (rigorous) lyophilization process model to act quantitatively as a digital twin in order to allow accelerated process design by modeling and to further-on develop autonomous process optimization and control towards real time release testing. Antibody manufacturing is chosen as a typical example for actual biologics needs. Literature is reviewed and the presented procedure is exemplified to quantitatively and consistently validate the physical-chemical process model with aid of an experimental statistical DOE (design of experiments) in pilot scale.
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24
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Holstein M, Hung J, Feroz H, Ranjan S, Du C, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Strategies for high‐concentration drug substance manufacturing to facilitate subcutaneous administration: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3591-3606. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Holstein
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Hung
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Hasin Feroz
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Swarnim Ranjan
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Cheng Du
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co. Devens Massachusetts
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25
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van der Kant R, Bauer J, Karow-Zwick AR, Kube S, Garidel P, Blech M, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J. Adaption of human antibody λ and κ light chain architectures to CDR repertoires. Protein Eng Des Sel 2020; 32:109-127. [PMID: 31535139 PMCID: PMC6908821 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies bind with high specificity to a wide range of diverse antigens, primarily mediated by their hypervariable complementarity determining regions (CDRs). The defined antigen binding loops are supported by the structurally conserved β-sandwich framework of the light chain (LC) and heavy chain (HC) variable regions. The LC genes are encoded by two separate loci, subdividing the entity of antibodies into kappa (LCκ) and lambda (LCλ) isotypes that exhibit distinct sequence and conformational preferences. In this work, a diverse set of techniques were employed including machine learning, force field analysis, statistical coupling analysis and mutual information analysis of a non-redundant antibody structure collection. Thereby, it was revealed how subtle changes between the structures of LCκ and LCλ isotypes increase the diversity of antibodies, extending the predetermined restrictions of the general antibody fold and expanding the diversity of antigen binding. Interestingly, it was found that the characteristic framework scaffolds of κ and λ are stabilized by diverse amino acid clusters that determine the interplay between the respective fold and the embedded CDR loops. In conclusion, this work reveals how antibodies use the remarkable plasticity of the beta-sandwich Ig fold to incorporate a large diversity of CDR loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob van der Kant
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joschka Bauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Kube
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Michaela Blech
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Chahar DS, Ravindran S, Pisal S. Monoclonal antibody purification and its progression to commercial scale. Biologicals 2020; 63:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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27
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Mittag JJ, Jacobs MR, McManus JJ. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Particle Sizing in Highly Concentrated Protein Solutions. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2039:157-171. [PMID: 31342426 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9678-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Highly concentrated solutions of biomolecules play an increasingly important role in biopharmaceutical drug development. In these systems, the formation of reversible aggregates by self-association creates a significant analytical challenge, since dilution is often required for techniques such as HPLC/liquid chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation. There is a growing demand for methods capable of analyzing these assemblies, ideally under formulation conditions (i.e., in the presence of excipients). One approach that addresses this need is based on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), which is a flexible and powerful technique to measure the diffusion of fluorescently labeled particles. It is particularly suited to measuring the size distribution of reversible aggregates of proteins or peptides in highly concentrated formulations, since it overcomes some of the challenges associated with other methods. In this protocol, we describe state-of-the-art measurement and analysis of protein self-assembly by determination of particle size distributions in highly concentrated protein solutions using FCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith J Mittag
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Matthew R Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Jennifer J McManus
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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28
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Vallejo DD, Polasky DA, Kurulugama RT, Eschweiler JD, Fjeldsted JC, Ruotolo BT. A Modified Drift Tube Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometer for Charge-Multiplexed Collision-Induced Unfolding. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8137-8146. [PMID: 31194508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Collision-induced unfolding (CIU) of protein ions and their noncovalent complexes offers relatively rapid access to a rich portfolio of biophysical information, without the need to tag or purify proteins prior to analysis. Such assays have been characterized extensively for a range of therapeutic proteins, proving exquisitely sensitive to alterations in protein sequence, structure, and post-translational modification state. Despite advantages over traditional probes of protein stability, improving the throughput and information content of gas-phase protein unfolding assays remains a challenge for current instrument platforms. In this report, we describe modifications to an Agilent 6560 drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometer in order to perform robust, simultaneous CIU across all precursor ions detected. This approach dramatically increases the speed associated with typical CIU assays, which typically involve mass selection of narrow m/ z regions prior to collisional activation, and thus their development requires a comprehensive assessment of charge-stripping reactions that can unintentionally pollute CIU data with chemical noise when more than one precursor ion is allowed to undergo simultaneous activation. By studying the unfolding and dissociation of intact antibody ions, a key analyte class associated with biotherapeutics, we reveal a predictive relationship between the precursor charge state, the amount of buffer components bound to the ions of interest, and the amount of charge stripping detected. We then utilize our knowledge of antibody charge stripping to rapidly capture CIU data for a range of antibody subclasses and subtypes across all charge states simultaneously, demonstrating a strong charge state dependence on the information content of CIU. Finally, we demonstrate that CIU data collection times can be further reduced by scanning fewer voltage steps, enabling us to optimize the throughput of our improved CIU methods and confidently differentiate antibody variant ions using ∼20% of the data typically collected during CIU. Taken together, our results characterize a new instrument platform for biotherapeutic stability measurements with dramatically improved throughput and information content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Vallejo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Daniel A Polasky
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | | | - Joseph D Eschweiler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States.,AbbVie , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - John C Fjeldsted
- Agilent Technologies , Santa Clara , California 95051 , United States
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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29
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Ramallo N, Paudel S, Schmit J. Cluster Formation and Entanglement in the Rheology of Antibody Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:3916-3923. [PMID: 30986054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibody solutions deviate from the dynamical and rheological response expected for globular proteins, especially as the volume fraction is increased. Experimental evidence shows that antibodies can reversibly bind to each other via Fab and Fc domains and form larger structures (clusters) of several antibodies. Here, we present a microscopic equilibrium model to account for the distribution of cluster sizes. Antibody clusters are modeled as polymers that can grow via reversible bonds either between two Fab domains or between Fab and Fc domain. We propose that the dynamical and rheological behavior is determined by molecular entanglements of the clusters. This entanglement does not occur at low concentrations where antibody-antibody binding contributes to the viscosity by increasing the effective size of the particles. The model explains the observed shear-thinning behavior of antibody solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Ramallo
- Department of Physics , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Subhash Paudel
- Department of Physics , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Jeremy Schmit
- Department of Physics , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
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30
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Garcia NK, Deperalta G, Wecksler AT. Current Trends in Biotherapeutic Higher Order Structure Characterization by Irreversible Covalent Footprinting Mass Spectrometry. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:35-43. [PMID: 30484396 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666181128141953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biotherapeutics, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), are a maturing class of drugs capable of treating a wide range of diseases. Therapeutic function and solutionstability are linked to the proper three-dimensional organization of the primary sequence into Higher Order Structure (HOS) as well as the timescales of protein motions (dynamics). Methods that directly monitor protein HOS and dynamics are important for mapping therapeutically relevant protein-protein interactions and assessing properly folded structures. Irreversible covalent protein footprinting Mass Spectrometry (MS) tools, such as site-specific amino acid labeling and hydroxyl radical footprinting are analytical techniques capable of monitoring the side chain solvent accessibility influenced by tertiary and quaternary structure. Here we discuss the methodology, examples of biotherapeutic applications, and the future directions of irreversible covalent protein footprinting MS in biotherapeutic research and development. CONCLUSION Bottom-up mass spectrometry using irreversible labeling techniques provide valuable information for characterizing solution-phase protein structure. Examples range from epitope mapping and protein-ligand interactions, to probing challenging structures of membrane proteins. By paring these techniques with hydrogen-deuterium exchange, spectroscopic analysis, or static-phase structural data such as crystallography or electron microscopy, a comprehensive understanding of protein structure can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Garcia
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Galahad Deperalta
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Aaron T Wecksler
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
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31
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Lo YW, Sheu MT, Chiang WH, Chiu YL, Tu CM, Wang WY, Wu MH, Wang YC, Lu M, Ho HO. In situ chemically crosslinked injectable hydrogels for the subcutaneous delivery of trastuzumab to treat breast cancer. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:280-290. [PMID: 30616077 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, novel approaches for the delivery of therapeutic antibodies have attracted much attention, especially sustained release formulations. However, sustained release formulations capable of carrying a high antibody load remain a challenge for practical use. In this study, a novel injectable hydrogel composed of maleimide-modified γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA-MA) and thiol end-functionalized 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (4-arm PEG-SH) was developed for the subcutaneous delivery of trastuzumab. γ-PGA-MA and 4-arm PEG-SH formed a hydrogel through thiol-maleimide reactions, which had shear-thinning properties and reversible rheological behaviors. Moreover, a high content of trastuzumab (>100 mg/mL) could be loaded into this hydrogel, and trastuzumab demonstrated a sustained release over several weeks through electrostatic attraction. In addition, trastuzumab released from the hydrogel had adequate stability in terms of its structural integrity, binding bioactivity, and antiproliferative effect on BT-474 cells. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that trastuzumab-loaded hydrogel (Her-hydrogel-10, composed of 1.5% γ-PGA-MA, 1.5% 4-arm PEG-SH, and 10 mg/mL trastuzumab) and trastuzumab/Zn-loaded hydrogel (Her/Zn-hydrogel-10, composed of 1.5% γ-PGA-MA, 1.5% 4-arm PEG-SH, 5 mM ZnCl2, and 10 mg/mL trastuzumab) could lower the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) than the trastuzumab solution. Furthermore, Her/Zn-hydrogel-10 was better able to release trastuzumab in a controlled manner, which was ascribed to electrostatic attraction and formation of trastuzumab/Zn nanocomplexes. In a BT-474 xenograft tumor model, Her-hydrogel-10 had a similar tumor growth-inhibitory effect as that of the trastuzumab solution. By contrast, Her/Zn-hydrogel-10 exhibited a superior tumor growth-inhibitory capability due to the functionality of Zn. This study demonstrated that this hydrogel has potential as a carrier for the local and systemic delivery of proteins and antibodies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recently, novel sustained-release formulations of therapeutic antibodies have attracted much attention. However, these formulations should be able to carry a high antibody load owing to the required high dose, and these formulations remain a challenge for practical use. In this study, a novel injectable chemically cross-linked hydrogel was developed for the subcutaneous delivery of trastuzumab. This novel hydrogel possessed ideal characteristics of loading high content of trastuzumab (>100 mg/mL), sustained release of trastuzumab over several weeks, and maintaining adequate stability of trastuzumab. In vivo studies demonstrated that a trastuzumab-loaded hydrogel possessed the ability of controlled release of trastuzumab and maintained antitumor efficacy same as that of trastuzumab. These results implied that a γ-PGA-MA and 4-arm PEG-SH-based hydrogel has great potential in serving as a carrier for the local or systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins or antibodies.
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32
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Alves NJ. Antibody conjugation and formulation. Antib Ther 2019; 2:33-39. [PMID: 33928219 PMCID: PMC7990145 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era where ultra-high antibody concentrations, high viscosities, low volumes, auto-injectors and long storage requirements are already complex problems with the current unconjugated monoclonal antibodies on the market, the formulation demands for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are significant. Antibodies have historically been administered at relatively low concentrations through intravenous (IV) infusion due to their large size and the inability to formulate for oral delivery. Due to the high demands associated with IV infusion and the development of novel antibody targets and unique antibody conjugates, more accessible routes of administration such as intramuscular and subcutaneous are being explored. This review will summarize various site-specific and non-site-specific antibody conjugation techniques in the context of ADCs and the demands of formulation for high concentration clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Alves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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33
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Ashkar R, Bilheux HZ, Bordallo H, Briber R, Callaway DJE, Cheng X, Chu XQ, Curtis JE, Dadmun M, Fenimore P, Fushman D, Gabel F, Gupta K, Herberle F, Heinrich F, Hong L, Katsaras J, Kelman Z, Kharlampieva E, Kneller GR, Kovalevsky A, Krueger S, Langan P, Lieberman R, Liu Y, Losche M, Lyman E, Mao Y, Marino J, Mattos C, Meilleur F, Moody P, Nickels JD, O'Dell WB, O'Neill H, Perez-Salas U, Peters J, Petridis L, Sokolov AP, Stanley C, Wagner N, Weinrich M, Weiss K, Wymore T, Zhang Y, Smith JC. Neutron scattering in the biological sciences: progress and prospects. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 74:1129-1168. [PMID: 30605130 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318017503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The scattering of neutrons can be used to provide information on the structure and dynamics of biological systems on multiple length and time scales. Pursuant to a National Science Foundation-funded workshop in February 2018, recent developments in this field are reviewed here, as well as future prospects that can be expected given recent advances in sources, instrumentation and computational power and methods. Crystallography, solution scattering, dynamics, membranes, labeling and imaging are examined. For the extraction of maximum information, the incorporation of judicious specific deuterium labeling, the integration of several types of experiment, and interpretation using high-performance computer simulation models are often found to be particularly powerful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ashkar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 850 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hassina Z Bilheux
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Robert Briber
- Materials Science and Engineeering, University of Maryland, 1109 Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - David J E Callaway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, 642 Riffe Building, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiang Qiang Chu
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph E Curtis
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Mark Dadmun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Paul Fenimore
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - David Fushman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Frank Gabel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Kushol Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frederick Herberle
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Frank Heinrich
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - John Katsaras
- Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Zvi Kelman
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gerald R Kneller
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, Chateau de la Source, Avenue du Parc Floral, Orléans, France
| | - Andrey Kovalevsky
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Susan Krueger
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Paul Langan
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Raquel Lieberman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Mathias Losche
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward Lyman
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yimin Mao
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - John Marino
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Carla Mattos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Flora Meilleur
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Peter Moody
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, England
| | - Jonathan D Nickels
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 850 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - William B O'Dell
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Hugh O'Neill
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Ursula Perez-Salas
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Loukas Petridis
- Materials Science and Engineeering, University of Maryland, 1109 Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Christopher Stanley
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Norman Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Michael Weinrich
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Kevin Weiss
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Troy Wymore
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, 642 Riffe Building, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Zeng Y, Jones AM, Thomas EE, Nassif B, Silberg JJ, Segatori L. A Split Transcriptional Repressor That Links Protein Solubility to an Orthogonal Genetic Circuit. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2126-2138. [PMID: 30089365 PMCID: PMC6858789 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the aggregation of proteins within the cellular environment is key to investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of off-pathway protein assemblies associated with the development of disease and testing therapeutic strategies to prevent the accumulation of non-native conformations. It remains challenging, however, to couple protein aggregation events underlying the cellular pathogenesis of a disease to genetic circuits and monitor their progression in a quantitative fashion using synthetic biology tools. To link the aggregation propensity of a target protein to the expression of an easily detectable reporter, we investigated the use of a transcriptional AND gate system based on complementation of a split transcription factor. We first identified two-fragment tetracycline repressor (TetR) variants that can be regulated via ligand-dependent induction and demonstrated that split TetR variants can function as transcriptional AND gates in both bacteria and mammalian cells. We then adapted split TetR for use as an aggregation sensor. Protein aggregation was detected by monitoring complementation between a larger TetR fragment that serves as a "detector" and a smaller TetR fragment expressed as a fusion to an aggregation-prone protein that serves as a "sensor" of the target protein aggregation status. This split TetR represents a novel genetic component that can be used for a wide range of applications in bacterial as well as mammalian synthetic biology and a much needed cell-based sensor for monitoring a protein's conformational status in complex cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Alicia M. Jones
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Emily E. Thomas
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Barbara Nassif
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Silberg
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Laura Segatori
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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35
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Yang D, Correia JJ, Stafford III WF, Roberts CJ, Singh S, Hayes D, Kroe‐Barrett R, Nixon A, Laue TM. Weak IgG self- and hetero-association characterized by fluorescence analytical ultracentrifugation. Protein Sci 2018; 27:1334-1348. [PMID: 29637644 PMCID: PMC6032368 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Weak protein-protein interactions may be important to binding cooperativity. A panel of seven fluorescently labeled tracer monoclonal IgG antibodies, differing in variable (V) and constant (C) region sequences, were sedimented in increasing concentrations of unlabeled IgGs of identical, similar, and different backgrounds. Weak IgG::IgG attractive interactions were detected and characterized by global analysis of the hydrodynamic nonideality coefficient, ks . The effects of salt concentration and temperature on ks suggest the interactions are predominantly enthalpic in origin. The interactions were found to be variable in strength, affected by both the variable and constant regions, but indiscriminate with respect to IgG subclass. Furthermore, weak attractive interactions were observed for all the mAbs with freshly purified human poly-IgG. The universality of the weak interactions suggest that they may contribute to effector function cooperativity in the normal immune response, and we postulate that the generality of the interactions allows for a broader range of epitope spacing for complement activation. These studies demonstrate the utility of analytical ultracentrifuge fluorescence detection in measuring weak protein-protein interactions. It also shows the strength of global analysis of sedimentation velocity data by SEDANAL to extract hydrodynamic nonideality ks to characterize weak macromolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlin Yang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.RidgefieldConnecticut06877
| | - John J. Correia
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippi39216
| | | | - Christopher J. Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware19716
| | - Sanjaya Singh
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, LLCSpring HousePennsylvania19477
| | - David Hayes
- Biotherapeutics Discovery ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.RidgefieldConnecticut06877
| | - Rachel Kroe‐Barrett
- Biotherapeutics Discovery ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.RidgefieldConnecticut06877
| | - Andrew Nixon
- Biotherapeutics Discovery ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.RidgefieldConnecticut06877
| | - Thomas M. Laue
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew Hampshire03861
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36
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Matsuda A, Mimura M, Maruyama T, Kurinomaru T, Shiuhei M, Shiraki K. Liquid Droplet of Protein-Polyelectrolyte Complex for High-Concentration Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2713-2719. [PMID: 29960025 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The formulation of high-concentration protein solutions is a challenging issue for achieving subcutaneous administration. Previously, we developed a method of precipitation-redissolution using polyelectrolyte as a precipitant to produce protein solutions at high concentrations. However, the redissolution yield of proteins was insufficient. This study aims to optimize the solution conditions for practical applications by combining IgG and poly-l-(glutamic acid) (polyE). A systematic analysis of solution pH and polyE size conditions revealed that an acidic condition favors precipitation, whereas neutral pH values are more effective for the redissolution. We find that the optimal size for polyE ranged from 15,000 to 50,000. This slight modification in the procedure in comparison with previous studies increased the precipitation and redissolution yields to nearly 100%, without irreversible protein denaturation. The fully reversible IgG-polyE complex formed as a droplet structure, which is similar to a condensate of liquid-liquid phase separation. The droplet structure plays an indispensable role in the salt-induced, redissolved state, which is pertinent to the new application that takes advantage of the methods to produce highly concentrated protein solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Matsuda
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mimura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takuya Maruyama
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kurinomaru
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Mieda Shiuhei
- Research and Development Center, Terumo Corporation, Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 259-0151, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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37
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Rotational Rheology of Bovine Serum Albumin Solutions: Confounding Effects of Impurities, Mechanistic Considerations and Potential Implications on Protein Formulation Development. Pharm Res 2018; 35:157. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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38
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Chen Y, Topp EM. Quantitative Analysis of Peptide-Matrix Interactions in Lyophilized Solids Using Photolytic Labeling. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2797-2806. [PMID: 29792715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-matrix interactions in lyophilized solids were explored using photolytic labeling with reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-HPLC) and mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. A model peptide (Ac-QELHKLQ-NHCH3) derived from salmon calcitonin was first labeled with a heterobifunctional cross-linker NHS-diazirine (succinimidyl 4,4'-azipentanoate; SDA) at Lys5 in solution, with ∼100% conversion. The SDA labeled peptide was then formulated with the following excipients at a 1:400 molar ratio and lyophilized: sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, histidine, arginine, urea, and NaCl. The lyophilized samples and corresponding solution controls were exposed to UV at 365 nm to induce photolytic labeling, and the products were identified by MS and quantified with rp-HPLC or MS. Peptide-excipient adducts were detected in the lyophilized solids except the NaCl formulation. With the exception of the histidine formulation, peptide-excipient adducts were not detected in solution and the fractional conversion to peptide-water adducts in solution was significantly greater than in lyophilized solids, as expected. In lyophilized solids, the fractional conversion to peptide-water adducts was poorly correlated with bulk moisture content, suggesting that the local water content near the labeled lysine residue differs from the measured bulk average. In lyophilized solids, the fractional conversion to peptide-excipient adducts was assessed using MS extracted ion chromatograms (EIC); subject to the assumption of equal ionization efficiencies, the fractional conversion to excipient adducts varied with excipient type. The results demonstrate that the local environment near the lysine residue of the peptide in the lyophilized solids can be quantitatively probed with a photolytic labeling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
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Poecheim J, Graeser KA, Hoernschemeyer J, Becker G, Storch K, Printz M. Development of stable liquid formulations for oligonucleotides. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:80-87. [PMID: 29802983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics have been implemented as a new therapeutic modality in biotech industry, which offers the opportunity to develop formulation platforms for robust parenteral formulations. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of stabilizing/de-stabilizing effects of different formulation parameters on unconjugated and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) conjugated single stranded oligonucleotides with locked nucleic acid modifications (LNA SSO), as model oligonucleotides. Various buffer systems, pH levels and different excipients were evaluated to optimize conditions for LNA SSO in liquid formulations. LNA SSO were exposed to different temperature conditions, mechanical stress as well as oxidative conditions, and the maximum feasible LNA SSO concentrations regarding handling and processing were determined. Finally, options for terminal sterilization of LNA SSO were evaluated. Results show that the tested LNA SSO were most stable under slightly alkaline conditions. A decrease in viscosity was best accomplished in the presence of spermine and lysine. Heat treatment and gamma irradiation caused high levels of degradation of the LNA SSO. Crucial formulation parameters, as identified in this study, should contribute to a significant increase in future productivity in drug product development for single-stranded oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Poecheim
- Roche Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten A Graeser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Hoernschemeyer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Becker
- Roche Analytical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Storch
- Roche Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Miriam Printz
- Roche Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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40
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Combination of temperature shift and hydrolysate addition regulates anti-IgE monoclonal antibody charge heterogeneity in Chinese hamster ovary cell fed-batch culture. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1121-1129. [PMID: 29589263 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge heterogeneity has been broadly studied as a critical quality attribute during monoclonal antibody (mAb) production that may subsequently affect product stability and biopotency. However, the charge variation distribution is poorly controlled, so methods of more effective control need to be explored. In this study, the combined effects of temperature shift (37-34, 37-32, or 37-30 °C) and hydrolysate addition (0.100 g/L) to culture feed on the charge heterogeneity of anti-IgE mAb were investigated. The results showed that the distribution of charge variation was significantly regulated by the combination of hydrolysate addition with a highly sub-physiological temperature (34 °C). In addition, under this condition, the main peak content significantly increased, and the acidic peak content significantly decreased. Furthermore, we explored Lys variant content, which is the major basic variant content, as well as its relationship with temperature shift and hydrolysate addition. Lys variant levels were positively related to the Lys and Arg concentrations in the medium and negatively related to carboxypeptidase B and carboxypeptidase H transcript levels. The combination of temperature shift and hydrolysate addition can thus effectively improve anti-IgE mAb charge heterogeneity and significantly increase main variant levels and decrease acidic variant levels.
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41
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Mohamed HE, Mohamed AA, Al-Ghobashy MA, Fathalla FA, Abbas SS. Stability assessment of antibody-drug conjugate Trastuzumab emtansine in comparison to parent monoclonal antibody using orthogonal testing protocol. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:268-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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42
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Parekh BS, Srivastava A, Sundaram S, Ching-Heish M, Goldstein J, Barry M, Zhou Q. Correlating charge heterogeneity data generated by agarose gel isoelectric focusing and ion exchange chromatography methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1073:1-9. [PMID: 29232605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An isoelectric focusing method (IEF) has been used to assess the charge heterogeneity profile of a monoclonal antibody during the early stages of product development. A more precise and sensitive ion exchange chromatography (IEC/CEX) method was developed and implemented as development progressed and was used concurrently with IEF for lot release and to monitor charge heterogeneity. Charge variants resolved by both methods (IEC and IEF) were purified and characterized. Tryptic peptide mapping and N- linked oligosaccharide profile analyses of the IEC and IEF fractions indicated a structural correlation between the charge variants separated by these two methods. The major sources of molecular heterogeneity were due to the variation in the sialyated carbohydrate structure and heavy chain C-terminal lysine truncation. By monitoring the rates of change in the charge heterogeneity profiles of the monoclonal antibody stored at elevated temperatures by the IEC and IEF methods, a positive correlation between the two methods was established. This approach enabled replacement of the IEF method with the more precise IEC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Saxena Parekh
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States
| | - Arvind Srivastava
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States
| | - Shanmuuga Sundaram
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States.
| | - Ming Ching-Heish
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States
| | - Joel Goldstein
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States
| | - Michael Barry
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States
| | - Qinwei Zhou
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States
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Sadavarte R, Madadkar P, Filipe CDM, Ghosh R. Rapid preparative separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants using laterally-fed membrane chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1073:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang Y, Velayudhan A, Thornhill NF, Farid SS. Multi-criteria manufacturability indices for ranking high-concentration monoclonal antibody formulations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2043-2056. [PMID: 28464235 PMCID: PMC5575515 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The need for high-concentration formulations for subcutaneous delivery of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can present manufacturability challenges for the final ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) step. Viscosity levels and the propensity to aggregate are key considerations for high-concentration formulations. This work presents novel frameworks for deriving a set of manufacturability indices related to viscosity and thermostability to rank high-concentration mAb formulation conditions in terms of their ease of manufacture. This is illustrated by analyzing published high-throughput biophysical screening data that explores the influence of different formulation conditions (pH, ions, and excipients) on the solution viscosity and product thermostability. A decision tree classification method, CART (Classification and Regression Tree) is used to identify the critical formulation conditions that influence the viscosity and thermostability. In this work, three different multi-criteria data analysis frameworks were investigated to derive manufacturability indices from analysis of the stress maps and the process conditions experienced in the final UF/DF step. Polynomial regression techniques were used to transform the experimental data into a set of stress maps that show viscosity and thermostability as functions of the formulation conditions. A mathematical filtrate flux model was used to capture the time profiles of protein concentration and flux decay behavior during UF/DF. Multi-criteria decision-making analysis was used to identify the optimal formulation conditions that minimize the potential for both viscosity and aggregation issues during UF/DF. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2043-2056. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Perodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Ajoy Velayudhan
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London, Torrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
| | - Nina F. Thornhill
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Suzanne S. Farid
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London, Torrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
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Wu G, Wang S, Tian Z, Zhang N, Sheng H, Dai W, Qian F. Elucidating the weak protein-protein interaction mechanisms behind the liquid-liquid phase separation of a mAb solution by different types of additives. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 120:1-8. [PMID: 28754261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has long been observed during the physical stability investigation of therapeutic protein formulations. The buffer conditions and the presence of various excipients are thought to play important roles in the formulation development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, the effects of several small-molecule excipients (histidine, alanine, glycine, sodium phosphate, sodium chloride, sorbitol and sucrose) with diverse physical-chemical properties on LLPS of a model IgG1 (JM2) solutions were investigated by multiple techniques, including UV-vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry/fluorimetry, size exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering. The LLPS of JM2 was confirmed to be a thermodynamic equilibrium process with no structural changes or irreversible aggregation of proteins. Phase diagrams of various JM2 formulations were constructed, suggesting that the phase behavior of JM2 was dependent on the solution pH, ionic strength and the presence of other excipients such as glycine, alanine, sorbitol and sucrose. Furthermore, we demonstrated that for this mAb, the interaction parameter (kD) determined at low protein concentration appeared to be a good predictor for the occurrence of LLPS at high concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- China R&D and Scientific Affair, Shanghai Discovery Center, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Han Sheng
- China R&D and Scientific Affair, Shanghai Discovery Center, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Weiguo Dai
- Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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46
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Aggregative protein–polyelectrolyte complex for high-concentration formulation of protein drugs. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 100:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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47
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Zhang Z, Liu Y. Recent progresses of understanding the viscosity of concentrated protein solutions. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Higashi T, Ohshita N, Hirotsu T, Yamashita Y, Motoyama K, Koyama S, Iibuchi R, Uchida T, Mieda S, Handa K, Kimoto T, Arima H. Stabilizing Effects for Antibody Formulations and Safety Profiles of Cyclodextrin Polypseudorotaxane Hydrogels. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1266-1274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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Nojima T, Iyoda T. Water‐Rich Fluid Material Containing Orderly Condensed Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nojima
- Iyoda Supra-integrated Material Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Iyoda
- Iyoda Supra-integrated Material Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
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50
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Nojima T, Iyoda T. Water‐Rich Fluid Material Containing Orderly Condensed Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1308-1312. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nojima
- Iyoda Supra-integrated Material Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Iyoda
- Iyoda Supra-integrated Material Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
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