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Aktekin MB, Oksuz Z, Turkmenoglu B, Istifli ES, Kuzucu M, Algul O. Synthesis and evaluation of di-heterocyclic benzazole compounds as potential antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents against Staphylococcus aureus. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 104:e14601. [PMID: 39085984 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Cumulative escalation in antibiotic-resistant pathogens necessitates the quest for novel antimicrobial agents, as current options continue to diminish bacterial resistance. Herein, we report the synthesis of di-heterocyclic benzazole structures (12-19) and their in vitro evaluation for some biological activities. Compounds 16 and 17 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity (MIC = 7.81 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, along with significant anti-biofilm activity. Noteworthy is the capability of Compound 17 to inhibit biofilm formation by at least 50% at sub-MIC (3.90 μg/mL) concentration. Furthermore, both compounds exhibited the potential to inhibit preformed biofilm by at least 50% at the MIC concentration (7.81 μg/mL). Additionally, Compounds 16 and 17 were examined for cytotoxic effects in HFF-1 cells, using the MTT method, and screened for binding interactions within the active site of S. aureus DNA gyrase using in silico molecular docking technique, employing AutoDock 4.2.6 and Schrödinger Glidse programs. Overall, our findings highlight Compounds 16 and 17 as promising scaffolds warranting further optimization for the development of effective antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Buga Aktekin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Zehra Oksuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Burcin Turkmenoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Erman Salih Istifli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kuzucu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Oztekin Algul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Kamran G, Kharl HAA, Malik MNH, Younis W, Nadeem H, Zubair AM, Malik MAH, Jahan S, Ahmed I, Shabbir R, Akram A, Anjum I, Atif M, Raza M, Kamla GEZ. Novel mannich-based derivative of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (AK7): a new candidate for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis owing to its NF-κB1 inhibitory potential. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:811-827. [PMID: 36512053 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-arthritic potential of novel mannich-based derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (AK7 and AK9) in rats. The compounds were characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopies and their acute anti-inflammatory effects were measured by carrageenan (CRG)-induced paw edema model. The most potent doses of AK7 and AK9 were subsequently evaluated in the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory arthritis model. AK7 and AK9 inhibited CRG-induced inflammation in a dose-dependent fashion and a similar reduction in CFA-induced paw inflammation was observed. Moreover, X-ray and histopathological analyses of AK7-treated animals displayed normal joint structure whereas AK9, despite of its anti-inflammatory effects, failed to protect against cartilage destruction. Interestingly, biochemical analysis revealed a better safety profile for AK7 than for AK9 and methotrexate. Both compounds suppressed mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (IRAK1, NF-κB1, TNF-α, IL1B) while only AK7 reduced the transcript levels of interstitial collagenase (MMP1). Molecular docking analysis of AK7 and AK9 with TNF-α and MMP1 also supported the experimental data. These findings clearly highlight the beneficial effects of AK7 in the prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagun Kamran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Amir Ali Kharl
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Waqas Younis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aymun Madni Zubair
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang Campus), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ramla Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Akram
- Department of Orthopedics, Govt Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Anjum
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moosa Raza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Shabbir R, Hayat Malik MN, Zaib M, Alamgeer, Jahan S, Khan MT. Amino Acid Conjugates of 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats via Attenuation of HMGCR, APOB, and PCSK9. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40502-40511. [PMID: 36385864 PMCID: PMC9647896 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to explore the antihyperlipidemic effects of amino acid derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (4J and 4K) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into nine groups which received either standard diet or HFD for 28 days. Blood samples were taken on 27th day from HFD-fed rats to ensure hyperlipidemia. HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats later received daily dosing of either vehicle or simvastatin (SIM; 20 mg/kg) or 4J/4K compounds (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) for 12 consecutive days. On 40th day, animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for the determination of serum lipid profile and liver function parameters. Liver samples were harvested for histopathological, antioxidant, and qPCR analyses. Molecular docking of tested compounds with HMGCR was also performed to assess the binding affinities. RESULTS 4J and 4K dose dependently decreased serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoproteins, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels while significantly alleviated high-density lipoproteins. However, SIM failed to reduce AST and ALT levels. Moreover, tested compounds displayed antioxidant effects by inducing superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels. Histopathology data also displayed protective effects of 4J and 4K against HFD-induced fatty changes and hepatic damage. In addition, 4J and 4K downregulated transcript levels of HMGCR, APOB, PCSK9, and VCAM1, and molecular docking analysis also supported the experimental data. CONCLUSION It is conceivable from this study that 4J and 4K exert their antihyperlipidemic effects by modulating multiple targets regulating lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla Shabbir
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Maryam Zaib
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Alamgeer
- University
College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department
of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Department
of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science
and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Arifian H, Maharani R, Megantara S, Gazzali AM, Muchtaridi M. Amino-Acid-Conjugated Natural Compounds: Aims, Designs and Results. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217631. [PMID: 36364457 PMCID: PMC9654077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein is one of the essential macronutrients required by all living things. The breakdown of protein produces monomers known as amino acids. The concept of conjugating natural compounds with amino acids for therapeutic applications emerged from the fact that amino acids are important building blocks of life and are abundantly available; thus, a greater shift can result in structural modification, since amino acids contain a variety of sidechains. This review discusses the data available on amino acid–natural compound conjugates that were reported with respect to their backgrounds, the synthetic approach and their bioactivity. Several amino acid–natural compound conjugates have shown enhanced pharmacokinetic characteristics, including absorption and distribution properties, reduced toxicity and increased physiological effects. This approach could offer a potentially effective system of drug discovery that can enable the development of pharmacologically active and pharmacokinetically acceptable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanggara Arifian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, Indonesia
| | - Rani Maharani
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sandra Megantara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Saisn Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
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Raducka A, Świątkowski M, Korona-Głowniak I, Kaproń B, Plech T, Szczesio M, Gobis K, Szynkowska-Jóźwik MI, Czylkowska A. Zinc Coordination Compounds with Benzimidazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Structure, Antimicrobial Activity and Potential Anticancer Application. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126595. [PMID: 35743039 PMCID: PMC9224258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new, smart drugs with the anticancer activity is crucial, especially for cancers, which cause the highest mortality in humans. In this paper we describe a series of coordination compounds with the element of health, zinc, and bioactive ligands, benzimidazole derivatives. By way of synthesis we have obtained four compounds named C1, C2, C4 and C4. Analytical analyses (elemental analysis (EA), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)), spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectrometry (MS)) and thermogravimetric (TG) methods and the definition of crystal structures were used to explore the nature of bonding and to elucidate the chemical structures. The collected analytical data allowed the determination of the stoichiometry in coordination compounds, thermal stability, crystal structure and way of bonding. The cytotoxicity effect of the new compounds as a potential antitumor agent on the glioblastoma (T98G), neuroblastoma (SK-N-AS) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines and human normal skin fibroblasts (CCD-1059Sk) was also determined. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. The results obtained confirmed that conversion of ligands into the respective metal complexes significantly improved their anticancer properties. The complexes were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The ADME technique was used to determine the physicochemical and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Raducka
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (M.Ś.); (M.S.); (M.I.S.-J.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Marcin Świątkowski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (M.Ś.); (M.S.); (M.I.S.-J.)
| | - Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Kaproń
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwilłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Szczesio
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (M.Ś.); (M.S.); (M.I.S.-J.)
| | - Katarzyna Gobis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-Jóźwik
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (M.Ś.); (M.S.); (M.I.S.-J.)
| | - Agnieszka Czylkowska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (M.Ś.); (M.S.); (M.I.S.-J.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.C.)
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Hamid I, Nadeem H, Ansari SF, Khiljee S, Abbasi I, Bukhari A, Arif M, Imran M. 2-Substituted Benzoxazoles as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In Vivo Anti-Ulcerogenic Studies. Med Chem 2021; 18:791-809. [PMID: 34931968 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666211220125344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the commonly used therapeutic interventions of inflammation and pain that competitively inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Several side effects like gastrointestinal and renal toxicities are associated with the use of these drugs. The therapeutic anti-inflammatory benefits of NSAIDs are produced by the inhibition of COX-2 enzymes, while undesirable side effects arise from the inhibition of COX-1 enzymes. OBJECTIVES In the present study, a new series of 2-substituted benzoxazole derivatives 2(a-f) and 3(a-e) were synthesized in our lab as potent anti-inflammatory agents with outstanding gastro-protective potential. The new analogs 2(a-f) and 3(a-e) were designed depending upon the literature review to serve as ligands for the development of selective COX-2 inhibitors. METHODS The synthesized analogs were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR) and elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for their binding potential in the protein pocket of COX-2 and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential in animals using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method. Further 5 compounds were selected to assess the in vivo anti-ulcerogenic activity in an ethanol-induced anti-ulcer rat model. RESULTS Five compounds (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b and 3c) exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity and significant binding potential in the COX-2 protein pocket. Similarly, these five compounds demonstrated a significant gastro-protective effect (p<0.01) in comparison to the standard drug, Omeprazole. CONCLUSION Depending upon our results, we hypothesize that 2-substituted benzoxazole derivatives have excellent potential to serve as candidates for the development of selective anti-inflammatory agents (COX-2 inhibitors). However, further assessments are required to delineate their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Hamid
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sameen Fatima Ansari
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sonia Khiljee
- Shahida Islam College of Pharmacy, Lodhran, Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Inzamam Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Asma Bukhari
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muazzam Arif
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Pharmacy, Iqra University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Zhang H, Chen G, Zhang Y, Yang M, Chen J, Guo M. Potential hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory bioactive components in Nelumbo nucifera leaves explored by bioaffinity ultrafiltration with multiple targets. Food Chem 2021; 375:131856. [PMID: 34942503 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaf of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (N. nucifera) has been widely used as the main ingredient in lipid-lowering herbal teas and some prescriptions in China due to their excellent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. However, the active components responsible for these beneficial properties and their mechanisms remain unexplored. In this work, the N. nucifera leaf extracts significantly promoted the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells, and also exhibited remarkable inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and COX-2. Furthermore, the top four potential active compounds (N-nornuciferine, Nuciferine, 2-Hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine, and Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside) targeting the above three enzymes were screened out by bioaffinity ultrafiltration with multiple targets coupled with HPLC-MS/MS. The enzyme inhibitory activities of candidate compounds were verified by enzyme inhibition assay and molecular docking. In addition, molecular docking revealed the binding information between the candidate molecules and enzymes. The current study provided valuable information in discovering functional active ingredients from complex medicinal plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guilin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Malik NS, Ahmad M, Alqahtani MS, Mahmood A, Barkat K, Khan MT, Tulain UR, Rashid A. β-cyclodextrin chitosan-based hydrogels with tunable pH-responsive properties for controlled release of acyclovir: design, characterization, safety, and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1093-1108. [PMID: 34114907 PMCID: PMC8205001 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1921074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, series of pH-responsive hydrogels (FMA1–FMA9) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as potential carrier for oral delivery of an antiviral drug, acyclovir (ACV). Different proportions of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), chitosan (CS), methacrylic acid (MAA) and N′ N′-methylenebis-acrylamide (MBA) were used to fabricate hydrogels via free radical polymerization technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed fabrication of new polymeric network, with successful incorporation of ACV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated presence of slightly porous structure. Thermal analysis indicated enhanced thermal stability of polymeric network. Swelling studies were carried out at 37 °C in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The drug release data was found best fit to zero-order kinetics. The preliminary investigation of developed hydrogels showed a pH-dependent swelling behavior and drug release pattern. Acute oral toxicity study indicated no significant changes in behavioral, clinical, or histopathological parameters of Wistar rats. Pharmacokinetic study indicated that developed hydrogels caused a significant increase in oral bioavailability of ACV in rabbit plasma as compared to oral suspension when both were administered at a single oral dose of 20 mg kg−1 bodyweight. Hence, developed hydrogel formulation could be used as potential candidate for controlled drug delivery of an antiviral drug acyclovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Shamshad Malik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanobiotechnology Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kashif Barkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ayesha Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
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