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Olga L, Sovio U, Wong H, Smith GCS, Aiken CEM. Maternal high body mass index, but not gestational diabetes, is associated with poorer educational attainment in mid-childhood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 231:120.e1-120.e9. [PMID: 37981092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.11.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in children. However, confounding factors, especially maternal body mass index, have been poorly accounted for. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the independent associations between maternal body mass index, gestational diabetes mellitus status, and educational outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Antenatal data from a prospective birth cohort (Pregnancy Outcome Prediction Study, 2008-2012, Cambridge, United Kingdom) were linked to mid-childhood educational outcomes (Department for Education, United Kingdom). A total of 3249 children born at term were stratified by maternal gestational diabetes mellitus status and body mass index at booking (<25 vs ≥25 kg/m2). Regression models adjusted for relevant maternal, child, and socioeconomic factors were used to determine associations with academic outcomes at ages of 5 to 7 years. RESULTS No differences in educational attainment were found between children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus and nonexposed children. Neither maternal glucose levels measured at 11 to 14 or 24 to 28 weeks, nor acceleration of the fetal abdominal circumference growth velocity were related to educational attainment at ages of 5 to 7 years. Children of mothers with booking body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (vs <25 kg/m2) were ∼50% more likely to not meet expected educational standards regardless of gestational diabetes mellitus status (age 5: adjusted odds ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.74; P<.001; age 6: adjusted odds ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-2.02; P<.001). The association between maternal body mass index and offspring educational attainment is dose-dependent and robust to stratification by gestational diabetes mellitus status and adjustment for socioeconomic factors. CONCLUSION Mid-childhood educational attainment is not associated with maternal glucose status. This may provide important reassurance for pregnant women and clinicians. However, maternal body mass index is associated with lower childhood educational attainment and may be modifiable with intervention before or during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentya Olga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rosie Hospital, National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulla Sovio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rosie Hospital, National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon C S Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rosie Hospital, National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine E M Aiken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rosie Hospital, National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Smith V, Muldoon K, Brady V, Delaney H. Assessing fetal movements in pregnancy: A qualitative evidence synthesis of women's views, perspectives and experiences. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:197. [PMID: 33691666 PMCID: PMC7944914 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Raising awareness of the importance of fetal movements (FMs) and advising women on the appropriate action to take if they experience reduced FMs, is important for minimising or avoiding adverse perinatal outcomes. To gain insight and understanding of women’s perspectives of assessing FMs in pregnancy, we conducted a qualitative evidence synthesis. Methods A qualitative evidence synthesis using thematic synthesis was conducted. Studies were eligible if they included pregnant women who were at least 20 weeks gestation and reported qualitative data from women on assessing FMs in pregnancy. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Social Science Citation Index, from inception to July 2020, were searched. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed by at least two reviewers using an Evidence for Policy and Practice Information (EPPI)-Centre quality assessment tool. Data synthesis, using the Thomas and Harden framework, involved line by line coding of extracted data, establishing descriptive themes, and determining analytical themes. Confidence in the findings was assessed using GRADE CER-Qual. Results Nine studies, involving 2193 women, were included in the review. The methodological quality of the studies was overall generally high. The synthesis revealed three dominant themes, and seven sub-themes that reflected women’s perspectives of assessing FMs in pregnancy. These were; 1) How women engage with FMs, with subthemes of informal engagement, formal engagement, and strategies to stimulate FMs; 2) ‘ … like a feather inside my belly’ - articulating and describing FMs, with sub-themes of sensations associated with FMs and timing and frequency of FMs; and 3) FMs and help/health seeking, with sub-themes of information sources and interacting with healthcare professionals. Confidence in the findings was either high or moderate, although two findings were rated low confidence and one very low. Conclusion This qualitative evidence synthesis reveals that women informally engage with FMs during pregnancy. Women commonly adopt strategies to stimulate FMs when concerned. The use of the internet was a common source of obtaining information regarding FMs. Women require better support when contacting healthcare professionals about FMs. As only three of the nine included studies were exclusively qualitative in design, further qualitative studies exploring women’s perspective of assessing FMs in pregnancy are required. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03667-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Smith
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Kathryn Muldoon
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vivienne Brady
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannah Delaney
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Health Research Board-Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Bradford B, Cronin R, McKinlay C, Thompson J, McCowan L. Maternally perceived fetal movement patterns: The influence of body mass index. Early Hum Dev 2019; 140:104922. [PMID: 31739267 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal reports of decreased fetal movements are associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, but there are conflicting data about perception of fetal movements in women with obesity. AIM To compare perceived fetal movements in women with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) and women with normal BMI (<25 kg/m2). MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from two separate pregnancy studies were used for this analysis; the Healthy Mums and Babies (HUMBA) trial, which recruited women with obesity and the Multicentre Stillbirth Study (MCSS), which recruited women from a general obstetric population. Fetal movement data were collected using identical interviewer-administered questionnaire in each study. We compared fetal movement strength, frequency and pattern between HUMBA and MCSS women with obesity and MCSS women with normal BMI. RESULTS Participants were 233 women with obesity and 149 with normal BMI. Mean (SD) gestation at interview was similar between groups (36.9 [2.2] vs 36.6 [0.9], P = 0.06). Perceived fetal movement strength and frequency did not differ between groups. In both women with obesity and normal BMI, a diurnal fetal movement pattern was present, with the majority reporting strong or moderate movements in the evening (88.7% vs 99.3%) and at night-time (92.1% vs 93.1%). Women with obesity, were more likely to report strong fetal movements when hungry (29.1% vs 17.7%, P = 0.001) and quiet fetal movements after eating (47.4% vs 32.0%, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In women with obesity compared to normal BMI, strength and frequency of fetal movements were similar, although patterns were altered in relation to maternal meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Robin Cronin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher McKinlay
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Kids First Neonatal Care, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lesley McCowan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Madhireddy MR, Prakash AJ, Mahanthi V, Chalapathi KV. Large Follicular Odontogenic Keratocyst affecting Maxillary Sinus mimicking Dentigerous Cyst in an 8-year-old Boy: A Case Report and Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:349-351. [PMID: 30397381 PMCID: PMC6212660 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyst with relatively high recurrence and having nature to invade the underlying tissue is “odontogenic keratocyst (OKC).” Radiographically, OKC can appear as different varieties, such as follicular, replacemental, extraneous, envelopmental, and collateral. Each radiographic variety of OKC varies in biological behavior, prognosis, recurrence, and therapeutic approaches. Many studies done till date have not established any relationship between markers of proliferation and aggressiveness in regard to radiographic varieties of OKC. The present article reports a case of follicular OKC in an 8-year-old boy which was concluded as a dentigerous cyst by radiographic features. How to cite this article: Madhireddy MR, Prakash AJ, Mahanthi V, Chalapathi KV. Large Follicular Odontogenic Keratocyst affecting Maxillary Sinus mimicking Dentigerous Cyst in an 8-year-old Boy: A Case Report and Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):349-351.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhan R Madhireddy
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - A Jacod Prakash
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Mahanthi
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Venkata Chalapathi
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Care Dental College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Prabhakar A, Lokeshwari M, Naik SV, Yavagal C. Efficacy of Caries Removal by Carie-Care and Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser in Primary Molars: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:323-329. [PMID: 30397377 PMCID: PMC6212662 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare and evaluate morphological changes and bacterial deposits in primary carious molars after caries excavation with Carie-Care, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and round tungsten carbide bur. Materials and methods Thirty human carious primary molars extracted for therapeutic reasons were sectioned mesiodistally. These sectioned samples were allocated into three groups (20 samples each): group I: Carie Care, group II: Er:YAG laser, and group III: round tungsten carbide bur. After caries excavation, all samples were processed and examined under conventional light microscope to examine for bacterial deposits. Representative samples from each group were processed and analyzed to examine the morphology of caries-excavated tissue by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was done using Fisher’s exact test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results The Er:YAG laser showed best results with no smear layer followed by chemomechanically excavated surfaces with Carie-Care. Amount of bacterial deposits was observed to be more in group I while least in group II (p-value < 0.001). Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test revealed that there was statistically significant difference among all the three groups. Conclusion Among the three different methods of caries excavation, Er:YAG laser was found to be more effective compared with Carie-Care and round tungsten carbide bur. Clinical significance Laser-induced caries excavation by Er:YAG laser and chemomechanical method of caries removal by Carie-Care can be considered as future of noninvasive pediatric and preventive dentistry. How to cite this article: Prabhakar A, Lokeshwari M, Naik SV, Yavagal C. Efficacy of Caries Removal by Carie-Care and Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser in Primary Molars: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):323-329.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attiguppe Prabhakar
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath Lokeshwari
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Saraswathi V Naik
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrashekar Yavagal
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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Patnana AK, Narasimha Rao VV, Chandrabhatla SK, Rajasekhar VR. Comparative Evaluation of the Fracture Resistance of Two Different Fiber-reinforced Composite Restorations with Particulate Filler Composite Restorations. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:277-282. [PMID: 30397370 PMCID: PMC6212671 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncomplicated crown fractures are the most common form of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children affecting their personal and social well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Patnana
- Resident Doctor, Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vanga V Narasimha Rao
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, GITAM Dental College & Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Srinivas K Chandrabhatla
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, GITAM Dental College & Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Vabbala R Rajasekhar
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, GITAM Dental College & Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh India
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Sfeir E, Gholmieh M, Skaf Z, Mourad A. Alveolar Bone and Epithelial Attachment Status following Two Different Closed-eruption Surgical Techniques for Impacted Maxillary Central Incisors. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:317-322. [PMID: 30397376 PMCID: PMC6212658 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Two eruption surgical techniques are commonly described for the treatment of upper impacted central incisors (ICIs): Open and closed. Currently, the closed-eruption surgical technique (CEST) is the most commonly used, as it allows for the best esthetic and periodontal results. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of traction discontinuation on maxillary central incisor sulcal depth and alveolar bone ridge levels compared with contralateral incisors, when CEST is used. Materials and methods Our study involved 28 unilateral impacted maxillary central incisors treated by CEST. Thirteen teeth were subjected to traction interruption for a month at the time of emergence of the crown, while 15 teeth underwent continuous traction. One year after treatment, periapical digital X-rays, anterosuperior cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scanning, and periodontal probing of the ICIs and contralateral central incisors (CCIs) were performed. Student’s t-test was used to study whether a statistically significant difference between continuous and interrupted tractions takes place while using the CCI measurements as reference. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the two techniques only for the following measurements: Mesial probing (p-value 0.039352), labial bone level (p-value 2.58E-08), and palatal bone level (p-value 2.56E-06). Limitations A larger sample size and longer term follow-up are needed to draw more robust conclusions. Conclusion A temporary discontinuation during traction of the tooth appears to positively impact treatment outcome on ICIs. Clinical significance • The CEST leads to the best periodontal status for ICIs. • The discontinuation of traction at the emergence of the tooth allows the supracrestal fibers to insert into the cement in a proper way. How to cite this article: Sfeir E, Gholmieh M, Skaf Z, Mourad A. Alveolar Bone and Epithelial Attachment Status following Two Different Closed-eruption Surgical Techniques for Impacted Maxillary Central Incisors. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):317-322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Sfeir
- Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mona Gholmieh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zouhair Skaf
- Chef de Clinique, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ayman Mourad
- Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Sciences Faculty, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Konyala HR, Mareddy AR, Puppala N, Venugopal Reddy N, Mallela MK, Susheela KP. Clinical, Radiological, and Histological Assessment of Magnetic Nanoparticles as Pulpotomy Medicament in Primary Molars. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:283-287. [PMID: 30397371 PMCID: PMC6212663 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objectives Aim of the study was to evaluate the success of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as pulpotomy medicament by clinical, radiologic, and histological assessment in primary molars. Materials and methods The sample included 30 primary molars from 25 children aged between 3 and 9 years requiring pulpotomy treatment. Pulpotomy was carried out with MNPs. The teeth were evaluated after a period of 3, 6, and 12 months clinically and with the aid of radiographs. After 1 year, 10 teeth were extracted for histological evaluation under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM; ZEISS, Model No. Supra 55vp). Results Of the samples, 98% showed clinical success rate with absence of pain, swelling, mobility, and abscess formation. After 3 months, 98% radiological success with absence of periodontal ligament widening, root resorption, and inter-radicular radiolucency was noted. Histological examination carried out under FE-SEM revealed a zone of odontoblastic proliferation at the interface between MNPs and odontoblastic layer of pulp and viable pulpal cells from the canal orifice till apical foramen. Conclusion Magnetic nanoparticles can be recommended as an effective pulpotomy medicament with hard tissue barrier formation and preservation of vitality of remaining radicular pulp. How to cite this article: Konyala HR, Mareddy AR, Puppala N, Reddy NV, Mallela MK, Susheela KP. Clinical, Radiological, and Histological Assessment of Magnetic Nanoparticles as Pulpotomy Medicament in Primary Molars. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):283-287.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harivinder R Konyala
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Mamata Dental College Khammam, Telangana, India
| | - Ajay R Mareddy
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Mamata Dental College Khammam, Telangana, India
| | - Niharika Puppala
- Senior Lecturer,Department of Pedodontics, Mamata Dental College Khammam, Telangana, India
| | - N Venugopal Reddy
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Mamata Dental College Khammam, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj K Mallela
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Keerthi P Susheela
- Senior Lecturer,Department of Pedodontics, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Prud'homme T, Roy E, Soueidan A, Fouassier M, Dajean-Trutaud S, Badran Z. Multidisciplinary Clinical Management of a Localized Aggressive Periodontitis diagnosed in a Child with Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:344-348. [PMID: 30397380 PMCID: PMC6212666 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) in child involving primary dentition is a rare disease. The main characteristics of LAP are deep periodontal pockets, bone loss, tooth mobility, and, sometimes, spontaneous tooth loss. The LAP involves only some specific teeth. Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. The paper’s aim is to present the case of a 5-year-old girl with GT presenting LAP, and discuss her clinical management. How to cite this article: Prud’homme T, Roy E, Soueidan A, Fouassier M, Dajean-Trutaud S, Badran Z. Multidisciplinary Clinical Management of a Localized Aggressive Periodontitis diagnosed in a Child with Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):344-348.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Prud'homme
- Surgeon, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Nantes Nantes, France
| | - Elisabeth Roy
- Surgeon, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Nantes Nantes, France
| | - Assem Soueidan
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, University of Nantes, Nantes France
| | - Marc Fouassier
- Surgeon, Department of Hematology/Biology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Zahi Badran
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, University of Nantes, Nantes France; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Maddalone M, Rota E, Amosso E, Porcaro G, Mirabelli L. Evaluation of Surgical Options for Supernumerary Teeth in the Anterior Maxilla. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:294-298. [PMID: 30397373 PMCID: PMC6212659 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical options for supernumerary teeth (SNT) in the premaxillary region of children. Materials and methods A total of 69 patients with 82 partially or completely formed SNT in the anterior maxillary region were identified over a 3-year period. All selected patients were assessed for the number, location, and family history of SNT, damage to adjacent roots, and associated symptoms. The surgical approaches used for removal were recorded. Postoperative clinical sequelae (loss of vitality, periodontal problems, pain, bleeding, and enanthema) were evaluated. Results A total of 43, 30, and 9 SNT were extracted with palatal, buccal, and bicortical approaches respectively. Peri-odontal and vitality assessments revealed no problems in adjacent teeth at 6 months after surgery. Postoperative pain was within acceptable levels in all patients and subsided within 3 to 7 days. Mild postoperative bleeding occurred in eight patients. Enanthema subsided within 10 days in all patients. Conclusion Our results suggest that early diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment of SNT are important to decrease the risk of clinical complications. How to cite this article: Maddalone M, Rota E, Amosso E, Porcaro G, Mirabelli L. Evaluation of Surgical Options for Supernumerary Teeth in the Anterior Maxilla. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):294-298.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maddalone
- Deputy Chief, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Rota
- Specialist, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ernesto Amosso
- House Officer, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Porcaro
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mirabelli
- House Officer, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Nair S, R Nadig R, S Pai V, Gowda Y. Effect of a Papain-based Chemomechanical Agent on Structure of Dentin and Bond Strength: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:161-166. [PMID: 30131634 PMCID: PMC6102437 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the microtensile bond strength of teeth restored with packable composite after removing caries with three chemomechanical caries removal agents (Carisolv, Papacarie and Carie-care) and also to analyze its effect on chemical composition of dentin using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Design A total of 40 carious molars with 1 to 1.5 mm of remaining dentin were selected and divided into four groups of 20 each. Group I (control)—bur, group II—Carisolv, group III—Papacarie, group IV—Carie-care. A total of 15 samples from each group were restored with composite; 1 mm thick sections were made and were debonded under tensile load. Remaining five samples from each group were subjected to EDX for elemental analysis of dentin surface. Results No statistically significant difference in the bond strength values and Ca/P ratio was observed between control group and three chemomechanical agents tested in the study. Conclusion None of the chemomechanical agents tested in the study adversely affected the bond strength of composite resin to caries-affected dentin. Therefore, newer papain-based chemomechanical agent Carie-care can be considered as an equally effective economical alternative to commonly used agents Carisolv and Papacarie. How to cite this article: Nair S, Nadig RR, Pai VS, Gowda Y. Effect of a Papain-based Chemomechanical Agent on Structure of Dentin and Bond Strength: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):161-166.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Nair
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru Karnataka, India
| | - Roopa R Nadig
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru Karnataka, India
| | - Veena S Pai
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru Karnataka, India
| | - Yashwanth Gowda
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru Karnataka, India
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S Dhull K, Verma T, Dutta B. Prevalence of Deleterious Oral Habits among 3- to 5-year-old Preschool Children in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:210-213. [PMID: 30131643 PMCID: PMC6102427 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Oral habits during and beyond preschool age are one of the important etiological factors in developing malocclusion and other ill effects on orofacial structures. The objective of the present study was to know the prevalence of deleterious oral habits among 3- to 5-year-old preschool children in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool children, in the age group of 3 to 5 years in the city of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. To carry out this study, six private schools, two from each of the three electoral constituency, were selected using cluster sampling technique. A total of 500 students, studying in LKG and UKG and their respective mothers/caregivers were selected for the study as per the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Prevalence of different oral habits in children was calculated from the data obtained. Using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 17.0 software, Chi-square test was applied to compare the differences present between boys and girls and their significant values (p < 0.05). Results The result of this study showed a high prevalence of oral habits (36%) among preschool children in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Lip biting was found to be the most prevalent habit (13.4%), followed closely by thumb sucking (12.8%), bruxism (12.8%), and mouth breathing (11%). Conclusion The study revealed a great dearth of a well-established dental education program for preschool children as well as their parents, caretakers, teachers, and pediatricians in order to provide an effective and timely care to the children. How to cite this article: Dhull KS, Verma T, Dutta B. Prevalence of Deleterious Oral Habits among 3- to 5-year-old Preschool Children in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):210-213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika S Dhull
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar Odisha, India
| | - Tulika Verma
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar Odisha, India
| | - Brahmananda Dutta
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar Odisha, India
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Moda A, Singla R, M Agrawal P. Foreign Body causing Displacement of Immature Fractured Apical Root Fragment: An Unusual Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:247-249. [PMID: 30131650 PMCID: PMC6102433 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma is a common cause of fractured teeth with exposed canals in growing children. These children use foreign bodies like stapler pin, lead pencil, nail, etc., to explore the canal of fractured tooth. Sometimes, these foreign objects may get stuck in the canal, which the children do not reveal to their parents because of fear. These foreign objects may act as a potential source of infection. We herewith present a case of a 12-year-old boy who presented with a stick lodged in the root canal of maxillary right lateral incisor along with the displaced fractured tooth segment at the apex and the associated management. How to cite this article: Moda A, Singla R, Agrawal PM. Foreign Body causing Displacement of Immature Fractured Apical Root Fragment: An Unusual Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):247-249.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Moda
- Ex-Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science, Gandhinagar, Gujarat India
| | - Rajesh Singla
- Ex-Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Preeti M Agrawal
- Professor and Head, Department of Periodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences Hospital & Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Sarma A, Nagar P. A Comparative Evaluation of Time-dependent Changes on the Surface Hardness of Bulk Cure Composites: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:183-187. [PMID: 30131638 PMCID: PMC6102429 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the surface hardness through Vickers hardness (VH) test of one conventional hybrid resin composites (Filtek Z350), compared with that of two bulk cure resin composites (SDR™, Tetric N Ceram®). Materials and methods Twenty specimens of each material were prepared in cylindrical aluminum molds with an internal diameter of 5 mm and depth of 4 mm, 10 (incremental curing) and 10 (bulk curing). The surface of each specimen was covered with a transparent plastic matrix strip before light curing with conventional visible light for 40 seconds. The specimens thus obtained were stored in deionized water and transferred to an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours to simulate clinical conditions. After 24 hours, the microhardness of each specimen was measured using a Vickers indenter, with a load of 100 gm and dwell time of 15 seconds (HV 0.2/40). The specimens were further subjected to VH test in an interval of 7, 30, and 90 days. The data were subjected to statistical analysis—Student’s t test, analysis of variance, and post hoc Tukey’s test. Results The present study showed that SDR™ in bulk curing showed consistently greater value of hardness and was comparable to traditional incremental cured Filtek Z350, highlighting the advantages of the new SDR technology. How to cite this article: Sarma A, Nagar P. A Comparative Evaluation of Time-dependent Changes on the Surface Hardness of Bulk Cure Composites: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):183-187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Sarma
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences & Hospital Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Priya Nagar
- Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences & Hospital Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Malhotra R, Gandhi K, Kumar D, Ahuja S, Kapoor R, Sahni A. A Comparative Study to evaluate Parent's Ability to assess Dental Fear in their 6- to 10-year-old Children using Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:205-209. [PMID: 30131642 PMCID: PMC6102428 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Parental presence often provides unique challenge in dental operatory and is directly related to the quality dental treatment. The present study was done to investigate parent's ability to assess dental anxiety of their 6- to 10-year-old child and to determine how parent's and children's fear assessments correlate with each other. Materials and methods Prior to dental treatment, 94 child-parent combinations were included to complete Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) questionnaire, and Frankl score was assigned to children during treatment by operator. Results Mean dental anxiety score reported by the children was 27.74, whereas by their parents was 39.64. There was a poor consistency of parents to predict their child dental fear (p < 0.05). Parents reported higher dental fear for their children. Conclusion Parents assessment of their child's fear may vary in accordance to factors, including their own dental fear. Such input may prevent dentists from establishing an accurate association with the child's patient.How to cite this article: Malhotra R, Gandhi K, Kumar D, Ahuja S, Kapoor R, Sahni A. A Comparative Study to evaluate Parent's Ability to assess Dental Fear in their 6- to 10-year-old Children using Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):205-209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Malhotra
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kapil Gandhi
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipanshu Kumar
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpa Ahuja
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabh Kapoor
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anchal Sahni
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chaitanya P, Reddy JS, Suhasini K, Chandrika IH, Praveen D. Time and Eruption Sequence of Permanent Teeth in Hyderabad Children: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:330-337. [PMID: 30397378 PMCID: PMC6212657 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Eruption of teeth is influenced by various factors. Very few studies were carried out in the past on the eruption time of teeth in the Indian population. Aim The aim of the study is to determine the time and sequence, gender differences, pattern of symmetry in the eruption of permanent teeth in Hyderabad children. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, 1654 schoolchildren (806 girls and 848 boys) in the age group of 5 to 15 years from Hyderabad were examined for the status of eruption of permanent teeth. Statistical analysis used Results were subjected to probit’s regression analysis. The average age at eruption of permanent teeth, excluding third molars, was given as the mean [± standard deviation (SD)] in months for each gender. A table of percentiles of the eruption time was also determined. Results Unlike most of the earlier studies which showed that girls are ahead of boys in permanent teeth emergence, no such pattern was observed. No significant difference was found in the eruption of permanent teeth in right and left arches. Eruption of all the mandibular teeth, with the exception of right first premolar (44) in both the genders, was earlier than their maxillary counterparts. There was overall delay in the eruption of permanent teeth and significant delay in the eruption of lower canines in both genders. Conclusion The significant delay in the eruption of permanent mandibular canines is relevant for orthodontic treatment planning. How to cite this article: Chaitanya P, Reddy JS, Suhasini K, Chandrika IH, Praveen D. Time and Eruption Sequence of Permanent Teeth in Hyderabad Children: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):330-337.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penmatsa Chaitanya
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jampanapalli S Reddy
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad Telangana, India
| | - Konda Suhasini
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad Telangana, India
| | - Inguva H Chandrika
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad Telangana, India
| | - Dalavai Praveen
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Mercieca KJ, Fenerty CH, Steeples LR, Drury B, Bhargava A. Precipitants of 5-Fluorouracil in Trabeculectomy Bleb Management: A Comparative Laboratory Study. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2018. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Fageeh HN. Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome: A Rare Case Report of Two Brothers and Review of the Literature. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:352-355. [PMID: 30397382 PMCID: PMC6212664 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillon-Lefèvre is an autosomal recessive syndrome that starts in early periods of childhood. Characteristic features include palmar plantar hyperkeratosis, aggressive periodontal disease, and a tendency for dry and chopped skin, thin and sparse hair. Patients show signs of premature tooth loss at the age of 2 to 4 years, which is then followed by the loss of permanent dentition during adolescence. The presence of both skin and oral lesions in this syndrome differentiates this unusual genodermatosis from other pathology of palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). The etiopathogenesis of this syndrome is somewhat obscure; however, immunologic, genetic, and possible bacterial etiologies have been proposed. The dental practitioner is often the first to diagnose the disease, as there is a significant degree of periodontal breakdown that is involved at an early age. This report presents a clinical presentation of two brothers detected with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS). How to cite this article: Fageeh HN. Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome: A Rare Case Report of Two Brothers and Review of the Literature. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):352-355.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hytham N Fageeh
- Diplomate and Vice Dean, Division of Periodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Aquino MC, Lim D, Chew PTK. Micropulse P3™ (MP3) Laser for Glaucoma: An Innovative Therapy. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2018. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kumar P, Mandanna DC, Londhe SM, Sharma M. Validity and Reliability of the Hindi Version of the Modified Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11 to 14. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:271-276. [PMID: 30397369 PMCID: PMC6212661 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study was conceived to formulate a tool to evaluate child perceptions related to oral health in 11- to 14-year-olds tailor-made for Indian children in Hindi. The original child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ11-14) was translated into Hindi and it was tested for validity and reliability. Materials and methods The original CPQ11-14 was translated into Hindi and some questions were rephrased to suit the sociocultural situation in India. The domains of self-esteem and psychological well-being were added to the questionnaire to broaden the scope of parameters to thoroughly assess the impact on child perceptions toward oral health. The English and Hindi versions of the CPQ11-14 were administered during the first visit to test for validity and the children were recalled after 1 week and administered the Hindi questionnaire again after 1 week to check for reliability. Results The results showed significant positive correlation between oral symptoms, decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) functional limitation and malocclusion. The mean functional limitation score was found to be higher in subjects with malocclusion in both the English and Hindi questionnaires. The test-retest samples were evaluated using the paired t-test and showed no significant difference between the first and second administration which suggested good reliability. Conclusion The translated and modified Hindi CPQ11-14 was found to be valid and highly reliable for use in India. The adaptation of the original questionnaire by modifying certain questions to suit the Indian condition was found to be culturally relevant. How to cite this article: Kumar P, Mandanna DCM, Londhe SM, Sharma M. Validity and Reliability of the Hindi Version of the Modified Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11 to 14. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):271-276.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Kumar
- Professor, Department of Dental Surgery and Oral Health Sciences, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dempsy Cm Mandanna
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Armed Dental Centre (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay M Londhe
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Armed Forces Medical College Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Armed Forces Medical College Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Shah S, Rana M, Pandey P, Masood I. Endoscopic Goniosynechialysis for Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma Following Descemet\'s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2018. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Elbably A, Othman TM, Mousa A, Elridy M, Badawy W, Elbably M. Deep Sclerectomy with Porous Collagen in Open-angle Glaucoma, Short-term Study. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2018. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Padiyar B, Marwah N, Gupta S, Padiyar N. Comparative Evaluation of Effects of Triphala, Garlic Extracts, and Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes on Salivary Streptococcus mutans Counts and Oral Hygiene Status. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:299-306. [PMID: 30397374 PMCID: PMC6212670 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and objectives To determine and compare the effect of triphala, chlorhexidine gluconate, and garlic extract mouthwash on salivary Streptococcus mutans count and the oral hygiene status. Materials and methods Sixty children aged 9 to 12 years were randomly allocated into the study groups of triphala mouthwash, chlorhexidine mouthwash, garlic extracts mouth-wash, and distilled water mouthwash. Examination included decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft)/decayed, missing, filled surface (dmfs) and DMFT/DMFS, plaque index, and S. mutans count on days 1, 15, and 30. Results The results were statistically analyzed using Friedman test, Wilcoxon signed rank, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant different (HSD), Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney test; all calculations were done by MEDCALC software 14.0.0 version. Discussion Streptococcus mutans count had significant reductions using different mouthwashes at 15 days, but the chlorhexidine group showed significant difference from the remaining three groups. Intergroup comparison for plaque index scores of triphala, chlorhexidine, and garlic groups was similar in preventing plaque build-up during the 15 days of mouthwash use. Conclusion All the three mouthwashes containing triphala, chlorhexidine gluconate, and garlic were comparably efficient in reducing the salivary S. mutans count as well as in limiting plaque score; however, chlorhexidine was the most effective in this aspect. In comparison of the two natural ingredients, Triphala is more effective in its antimicrobial effect. How to cite this article: Padiyar B, Marwah N, Gupta S, Padiyar N. Comparative Evaluation of Effects of Triphala, Garlic Extracts, and Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes on Salivary Streptococcus mutans Counts and Oral Hygiene Status. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):299-306.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Padiyar
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nikhil Marwah
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shweta Gupta
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Narendra Padiyar
- Principal, Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Gurunathan D, Moses J, Arunachalam SK. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Mothers regarding Oral Hygiene of Primary School children in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:338-343. [PMID: 30397379 PMCID: PMC6212669 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children depend on their parents and caretakers for maintenance of their oral health. Parents play a major role in both preventive and treatment regime in these children. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the influence of parental education on knowledge, attitude, and practice of mothers regarding oral health of primary schoolchildren in Chennai. Materials and methods A 15-item self-administered questionnaire was used among 465 parents of preschool children in Chennai, of which 432 mothers returned the filled questionnaire. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using frequency of responses and chi-square test (p < 0.01). Data were analyzed using statistical package. Results Of the 432 mothers who participated in the study, 150 (35%) have studied up to school level and 282 (65%) have completed diploma/degree. The knowledge of mothers regarding the knowledge of importance of oral health for general health is appreciable, but the awareness of proper brushing habit, treatment of caries, and importance of dental visits is less in mothers who have school education when compared with graduate mothers. Conclusion Mothers who are graduates are more aware of the importance of oral health in children, treatment of dental caries, and brushing technique than mothers with school education. Hence, it is essential that government and health care providers impart oral health knowledge to mothers, as they are the role-models for their children. How to cite this article: Gurunathan D, Moses J, Arunachalam SK. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Mothers regarding Oral Hygiene of Primary School children in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):338-343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gurunathan
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joyson Moses
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugaavel K Arunachalam
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics, Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tandon S, Kalia G, Sharma M, Mathur R, Rathore K, Gandhi M. Comparative Evaluation of Mucosal Vibrator with Topical Anesthetic Gel to reduce Pain during Administration of Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:261-265. [PMID: 30397367 PMCID: PMC6212667 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Usually discomfort and pain are associated with dental work, especially for young patients. Pain control can be achieved by using anesthesia. Sight of injection can terrify any patient and if the patient is a child it is really difficult to convince them for injections. Alternatives to injections have been explored. Pediatric dentists are using anesthesia in the form of jelly and patch. Recently, the concept of mucosal vibration has been put forward to enhance the effectiveness of local anesthesia. Aim The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of lignocaine jelly and mucosal vibration in reducing pain during administration of local anesthesia in pediatric dental patients. Materials and methods Thirty children in the age group 6 to 11 years who required bilateral anesthesia for dental treatment in mandible were selected for this study. Pain was compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test at the time of injection using Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale as objective criteria and facial pain rating (FPR) scale as subjective criteria after administration of injection by a trained assistant who was blinded to the procedure. Results Local anesthetic injection along with mucosal vibration resulted in significantly less pain (p = 0.001) in comparison with the injections without the use of mucosal vibration. Conclusion The result shows that mucosal vibration can be used as an effective means to reduce the intensity of pain during local anesthetic injection in dentistry. How to cite this article: Tandon S, Kalia G, Sharma M, Mathur R, Rathore K, Gandhi M. Comparative Evaluation of Mucosal Vibrator with Topical Anesthetic Gel to reduce Pain during Administration of Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):261-265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Tandon
- Senior Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Garima Kalia
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Meenakshi Sharma
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rinku Mathur
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Khushboo Rathore
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mahima Gandhi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Pattanaik S, Puvvula N, Mohammad N. Accelerating Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion using Fixed Twin Block Appliances. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:146-150. [PMID: 29991869 PMCID: PMC6034051 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with class II malocclusion generally seek orthodontic treatment for esthetic concern. Various myo-functionl appliances can be used for the treatment of skeletal as well as the dental malocclusion in a growing patient. Among various functional appliances, twin block appliance is most commonly used due to better patient compliances. It redirects the mandibular growth to correct the maxillomandibular relationship, enhancing facial esthet ics. This article presents a modified design of the twin block appliance which is less bulky, more esthetic, can be used concurrently with fixed orthodontic appliance, and is easily accepted by uncooperative patients. Case summary An 11-year-old-boy, who presented himself with a skeletal class II malocclusion, was treated with simultaneous use of fixed twin block along with fixed orthodontic appliance to correct both the skeletal and dental malocclusion. The twin block design was modified to have a better compatibility with the fixed orthodontic appliance. How to cite this article: Pattanaik S, Puvvula N, Mohammad N. Accelerating Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion using Fixed Twin Block Appliances. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(2):146-150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Pattanaik
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Navya Puvvula
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Gitam Dental College & Hospital Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Noorjahan Mohammad
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Mamata Dental College Khammam, Telangana, India
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A Suyash I, Bhatia R. A Case of Painless Excision. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:135-140. [PMID: 29991867 PMCID: PMC6034050 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue lesions of the oral cavity are seen in children at the dental office. This case report aims to showcase the ability of laser to treat recurrent soft tissue lesions in the oral cavity in a painless manner. This painless procedure provides relief to the child and parent who suffer from anxiety toward dental treatment. How to cite this article: Suyash IA, Bhatia R. A Case of Painless Excision. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(2):135-140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipshita A Suyash
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D Y Patil School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupinder Bhatia
- Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D Y Patil School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Sharma M, Pandit IK, Srivastava N, Gugnani N, Gupta M. A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Streptococcus mutans Counts in Saliva: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:94-99. [PMID: 29991860 PMCID: PMC6034049 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a disease of multifactorial origin and Streptococcus mutans is considered as the chief pathogen responsible for its development. However, reduction in the number of pathogenic bacteria, particularly S. mutans, with the use of various preventive measures, can reduce dental caries to a significant level. Therefore, the present clinical study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the efficacy of toothbrushing, fluoride varnish, chlorhexidine mouthwash, and a probiotic (Yakult) in reducing the S. mutans counts in the saliva using Dentocult SM Strip Mutans kit in children. A total of 40 school students between the age group of 4 and 8 years were selected for the study and S. mutans count was taken on the first dental visit using Dentocult SM Strip Mutans test kit. After the initial scores of S. mutans were obtained, the children were divided into four groups and provided with different caries preventive regimen for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the scores of S. mutans were reevaluated for reduction in their counts, if any. The data thus collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed. All the groups showed a significant reduction in S. mutans counts with the highest reduction from the Fluor Protector varnish followed by chlorhexidine mouthwash, probiotic (Yakult), and toothbrushing. How to cite this article: Sharma M, Pandit IK, Srivastava N, Gugnani N, Gupta M. A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Streptococcus mutans Counts in Saliva: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(2):94-99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sharma
- Senior Resident, Department of Dental Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Inder K Pandit
- Principal, Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, D.A.V. (C) Dental College & Hospital, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Nikhil Srivastava
- Principal, Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Gugnani
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, D.A.V. (C) Dental College & Hospital, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Gupta
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, D.A.V. (C) Dental College & Hospital, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
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Beena JP, Sahoo P, Konde S, Raj NS, Kumar NC, Agarwal M. Manuka Honey: A Potent Cariostatic Agent- An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:105-109. [PMID: 29991862 PMCID: PMC6034044 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to test the antibacterial activity of manuka honey and compare its efficacy with another commercially available honey (Dabur honey) on the cariogenic bacteria on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Materials and methods An in vitro study was carried out on 40 agar specimens; the samples were divided into two groups of 20 samples consisting of S. mutans and Lactobacil-lus respectively. The 20 samples in each group were further subdivided into four groups of five each, which were tested with 25% manuka honey, 100% manuka honey, 25% Dabur honey, and 100% Dabur honey for both Lactobacillus and S. mutans groups. The antibacterial activity was tested using the agar well diffusion method against S. mutans and Lacto-bacillus. Antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the diameter of inhibition of zones surrounding the wells. The results obtained were statistically analyzed (one-way analysis of variance test, p-value). Results The results showed that 25% of manuka honey has statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001) antibacterial effect than 25% of Dabur honey on both Streptococcus and Lactobacillus species, and manuka honey with 100% concentration showed a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001) antibacterial effect than 100% Dabur honey on the same species of bacteria. 100% of both the honeys showed statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001) antibacterial effect than 25% concentrations of the same on S. mutans and Lactobacillus. Conclusion Manuka honey had more antibacterial activity than Dabur honey on S. mutans and Lactobacillus bacteria in the in vitro study. This effect was dependent on the concentration of honey used. How to cite this article: Beena JP, Sahoo P, Konde S, Raj SN, Kumar NC, Agarwal M. Manuka Honey: A Potent Cariostatic Agent—An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(2):105-109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaregowda P Beena
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences & Research Center Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Punyatoya Sahoo
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences & Research Center Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sapna Konde
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences & Research Center Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - N Sunil Raj
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences & Research Center Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narayana C Kumar
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences & Research Center Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences & Research Center Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Upadhyay S, Kumar G, Dhillon JK, Gill NC. Perception of Indian Dental Surgeons regarding Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:116-121. [PMID: 29991864 PMCID: PMC6034059 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the perception of Indian dental professionals about prevalence, severity, and etiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Materials and methods An online survey was mailed to dental professionals encompassing various questions regarding etiology, diagnosis, prevalence, and management of MIH. Results More than 90% of the respondents encounter teeth with hypomineralization in their practice, with less than half of them encountering such teeth on a monthly basis. Among these more than one-third find it difficult to manage one or the other aspect of MIH. The etiology was found to be varying as per the respondents. Conclusion Molar incisor hypomineralization is a common condition encountered by dental professionals with no apparent consensus regarding the anticipated prevalence, severity, and etiology of this condition. Knowledge of clinicians' level of perception could be an incentive for pediatric dentists to become more acquainted with MIH by conducting research into its different aspects.How to cite this article: Upadhyay S, Kumar G, Dhillon JK, Gill NC. Perception of Indian Dental Surgeons regarding Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(2):116-121.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Upadhyay
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Gyanendra Kumar
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jatinder K Dhillon
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata C Gill
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Mohammad Z, Bagalkotkar A, Mishra A, Veerala G. Customized Hybrid Bluegrass Appliance: An Innovative Technique. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:141-145. [PMID: 29991868 PMCID: PMC6034056 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral habits in the form of thumb sucking and tongue thrusting are commonly learned patterns of behavior seen in preschool children and they are associated with anxiety, fear, hunger, oral pressure, and sleep. Chronic practice can cause dentoalveolar, perioral problems, and atypical root resorption (ARR) of anterior primary teeth. The ARR is provoked by the thumb sucking habit, and leads to early loss of anterior primary teeth. The early loss of anterior tooth may result in speech and masticatory problems, and psychological disturbance to the child. Hence, pediatric dentists play a crucial role in giving necessary information to parents and guardians. Starting from counseling to appliance therapy, various treatment modalities have been reported in the literature. One of them is bluegrass appliance; it is a nonpunitive habit reminder therapy. The present case report describes a customized hybrid bluegrass appliance designed to eliminate thumb sucking and tongue thrusting habit, and to perform as an esthetic functional space maintainer. How to cite this article: Mohammad Z, Bagalkotkar A, Mishra A, Veerala G. Customized Hybrid Bluegrass Appliance: An Innovative Technique. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(2):141-145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziauddin Mohammad
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Apeksha Bagalkotkar
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ashank Mishra
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gopi Veerala
- Consultant, Department of Orthodontist, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Modakkallur, Kerala, India
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly incidental in South Asian countries. Nepal, however, has low incidence for HCC owing to low prevalence for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Nepal lacked national cancer registry until 2003. Though there has been some effort in having one, the current registry incorporates twelve centers and may not properly represent the total cancer burden in the country. Serology for HBV and HCV is seen to be positive in nearly 25 to 30% and 5 to 10% of HCCs respectively. Clinical characteristics of HCCs in Nepal have been discussed in this mini-review and it features poor performance status and advanced stage at presentation, making only a small fraction of these subjects eligible for curative treatment options. Most of the standard treatment modalities are available in Nepal and appear to be reasonably affordable as compared with other developed nations. How to cite this article: Shrestha A. Liver Cancer in Nepal. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2018;8(1):63-65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Shrestha
- Department of Hepatology, Liver Foundation Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
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N Dilek O, Ozsay O, Karaisli S, Ö Gür E, Er A, G Haciyanli S, Kar H, H Dilek F. Striking Multiple Primary Tumors that underwent Whipple Procedure due to Periampullary Carcinoma: An Analysis of 21 Cases. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2018; 8:1-5. [PMID: 29963453 PMCID: PMC6024055 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The term multiple primary tumor (MPT) is used to describe cases where two or more primary tumors show no histopathological similarities in between. Multiple primary tumor cases have begun to increase in recent years as a result of the increase in life expectancy because of the increase in life standards and progress in diagnostic methods. In this study, MPT cases with periampullary tumors that underwent Whipple procedure were discussed in the light of literature data. Materials and methods The patient files of 223 cases with periampullary tumors that underwent Whipple procedure in our hospital during the last 6 years were examined retrospectively. More than one primary tumor was detected in 21 patients. Results Periampullary carcinomas were detected as a second primary tumor in 18 patients. First primary tumor was periampullary carcinoma in 3 patients that underwent Whipple procedure. After the Whipple procedure, 5 patients died due to early complications in the first 30 days and 6 patients died due to metastases and additional problems that developed during follow-up. Discussion The incidence of MPT has been reported as 0.7 to 14.5% in the literature. Most of them are multiple primary case presentations. In patient management, it is recommended that each tumor should be evaluated independently of its own characteristics, and treatment and follow-up should be planned accordingly. Conclusion The MPT cases are increasing. The possibility of MPT as well as metastasis should be kept in mind during the evaluation of tumor foci seen during diagnosis and follow-up of patients. The characteristics of each tumor, survival, and prognosis should be evaluated separately and the most appropriate treatment should be offered to the patient. It is recommended that synchronic primary tumors which are considered to be surgically resectable without metastasis should be removed in the same session.How to cite this article: Dilek ON, Ozsay O, Karaisli S, Gür EÖ, Er A, Haciyanli SG, Kar H, Dilek FH. Striking Multiple Primary Tumors that underwent Whipple Procedure due to Periampullary Carcinoma: An Analysis of 21 Cases. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2018;8(1):1-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman N Dilek
- Department of Surgery, Izmir Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Ozsay
- Department of Surgery, Izmir Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Karaisli
- Department of Surgery, Izmir Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emine Ö Gür
- Department of Surgery, Izmir Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Er
- Department of Surgery, Izmir Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selda G Haciyanli
- Department of Surgery, Izmir Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Haldun Kar
- Department of Surgery, Izmir Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma H Dilek
- Department of Pathology, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Ataturk Research and Education Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Ounavong A. Reviewing of Research Finding of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Lao People's Democratic Republic. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2018; 8:75-76. [PMID: 29963469 PMCID: PMC6024056 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive blood donors was 8.7%. The prevalence among males (9.7%) was higher than among females (6.2%). The prevalence of antihepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive blood donors was 1.1%, with no significant differences between males (1.1%) and females (1.0%). Annual positive rates for HBsAg and anti-HCV donors during the years 2003 to 2005 did not differ significantly. In Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), HBV is highly endemic. However, blood donations are only screened for HBsAg, leaving a risk of transmission by HBsAg-negative occult infected donors. Here, we characterized first-time blood donors to assess prevalence of HBV infections and occult infected donors. Despite hepatitis B vaccination at birth and at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age, HBV infection continues to be endemic in Lao PDR. We carried a cross-sectional serological study in infants, preschool children, school pupils, and pregnant women to determine their burden of disease, risk of infection, and vaccination status. The prevalence of HBsAg carriage in pregnant women is a relevant marker for the risk of mother-to-child HBV transmission. This study aimed to assess the changes in prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women attending Mahosot Prenatal Clinic (Vientiane). How to cite this article: Ounavong A. Reviewing of Research Finding of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2018;8(1):75-76.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkham Ounavong
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Lao People's Democrati Republic
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Dassanayake AS. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Identifying the Disease Burden in Sri Lanka. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2018; 8:69-72. [PMID: 29963467 PMCID: PMC6024049 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming one of the most important causes for chronic liver disease and also hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sri Lanka. This tendency is also recognized worldwide. More than half of the middle-aged and elderly adults in urban Sri Lanka have ultrasonic evidence of NAFLD. The NAFLD is also identified in population from rural areas of Sri Lanka and also in children. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis is the most common cause of referral for liver transplantation in Sri Lankans. The NASH is also the most common cause for rejecting potential donors for liver transplantation in Sri Lanka. Patients who underwent liver transplantation for cryptogenic cirrhosis developed evidence of NASH following liver transplantation. Recent evidence suggests that there is a genetic component to NAFLD. PNPLA3, a single gene polymorphism linked to the short arm of chromosome 22, is associated with the severity of NAFLD. The presence of this genetic polymorphism appears to carry higher risk of patients with NAFLD developing NASH with fibrosis cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In a large population-based study from Sri Lanka, there was a tendency to develop NAFLD associated with this genetic polymorphism. In a population-based study, NAFLD was identified as an independent risk factor for development of diabetes. This association is recognized worldwide now. Most patients with HHC in Sri Lanka developed it on a back ground of cryptogenic cirrhosis. At the same time, the prevalence of the markers for hepatitis B and C was rare in Sri Lankan patients with HCC. How to cite this article: Dassanayake AS. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Identifying the Disease Burden in Sri Lanka. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2018;8(1):69-72.
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Kaya M, Akdogan R, Uçmak F, O Ayyildiz M, Karakus A, A Kaplan M. The Incidence and Predictive Factors in the Development of Acute Hepatitis in Patients with Leukemia. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2018; 8:31-37. [PMID: 29963458 PMCID: PMC6024041 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Liver involvement is common in hematological malignancies, but the incidence and pattern of liver injury vary among the different types. The aims of our study were to determine the incidence and clinical course of acute hepatitis and the important factors for its development in patients with leukemia after chemotherapy. Materials and methods All patients with the diagnosis of leukemia who were treated at the Department of Hematology between January 2008 and January 2013 were included in the study. A detailed medical history, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment modalities, complications, and clinical course were recorded retrospectively. Results A total of 124 patients (64 females) with the diagnosis of leukemia were included in the study. The mean age was 45.2 years (16-89 years) and mean follow-up time was 29.7 months (0.25-192 months). A total of 43 (34.6%) patients had acute hepatitis after chemotherapy. Pattern of liver injury was hepatocellular in 31 patients, cholestasis in 2, and mix in 10 patients. Age (p = 0.001), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg, p = 0.007), acute leukemia (p < 0.001), positive blood culture (p = 0.004), the amount of transfused red blood cell (p = 0.001), and amount of transfused platelets (p = 0.002) were significantly different under univariate analysis between the acute hepatitis group and the nonacute hepatitis group. Under multivariate analysis, only acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was identified as independent predictive factor for development of acute hepatitis after starting chemotherapy. Conclusion Acute and self-limited hepatitis develops in the substantial proportion of patients with leukemia. The most important factor for development of acute hepatitis is the type of leukemia. How to cite this article: Kaya M, Akdogan R, Uçmak F, Ayyildiz MO, Karakus A, Kaplan MA. The Incidence and Predictive Factors in the Development of Acute Hepatitis in Patients with Leukemia. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2018;8(1):31-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsin Kaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Recai Akdogan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Feyzullah Uçmak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet O Ayyildiz
- Department of Hematology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Karakus
- Department of Hematology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Muhammet A Kaplan
- Department of Oncology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Aguiar J, A Silva J, García G, Guillén G, C Aguilar J. Cross-validation Studies of a Novel Low-cost Hepatitis B Virus Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction System. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2018; 8:38-41. [PMID: 29963459 PMCID: PMC6024048 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This research focused on the results of the cross-validation program related with the performance of a Cuban novel low-cost real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for hepatitis B virus (HBV) quantification developed by the Therapeutic Vaccine against Hepatitis B Department, Vaccines Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba. Materials and methods Dilution series with the plasmid standard at concentrations of 900,000 to 0.09 copies/reaction (c/r) were made for each PCR instrument. The mean cycles threshold (Ct) values and PCR efficiency were compared among the cyclers. Hepatitis B virus-positive serum samples were used for the calculation of reproducibility of the HBV assay. Biotecon Diagnostics (BCD) also ordered the oligo sequences from a second supplier and compared the PCR performance to those provided from the CIGB. Results All PCR cyclers were able to detect concentrations up to 0.09 c/r. However, below the concentration of 9 c/r, the variation of results increased within and between the cyclers. The PCR efficiency showed satisfying results. The overall coefficient of variation (CV) cycler values were 1.29 and 0.91% for M6 and M19 respectively. No significance was observed between the different primer suppliers. Conclusion The HBV assay was performed with a good concordance between the five real-time instruments from different suppliers. The HBV assay was also performed with a high reproducibility for samples with a high and a low viral load. The HBV assay is robust against different primer suppliers. How to cite this article: Aguiar J, Silva JA, García G, Guillén G, Aguilar JC. Cross-validation Studies of a Novel Low-cost Hepatitis B Virus Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction System. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2018;8(1):38-41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Aguiar
- Department of Therapeutic Vaccine against Hepatitis B, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - José A Silva
- Department of Oligonucleotide Synthesis, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Gerardo García
- Department of Quality Control, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Gerardo Guillén
- Department of Therapeutic Vaccine against Hepatitis B, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Julio C Aguilar
- Department of Therapeutic Vaccine against Hepatitis B, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
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Ezer A, Parlakgumus A. Postobstructive Cyst Formation in Pancreatic Duct affecting Surgical Approach. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2018; 8:99-100. [PMID: 29963476 PMCID: PMC6024057 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Ezer A, Parlakgumus A. Postobstructive Cyst Formation in Pancreatic Duct affecting Surgical Approach. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2018;8(1):99-100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ezer
- Department of General Surgery, Baskent University, Adana, Seyhan, Turkey
| | - Alper Parlakgumus
- Department of General Surgery, Baskent University, Adana, Seyhan, Turkey
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Reddy VK, Kommineni NK, Padakandla P, Togaru H, Indupalli JP, Nanga SP. Evaluation of Chemokines in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Children with Down Syndrome. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:288-293. [PMID: 30397372 PMCID: PMC6212665 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The goal of the study was to detect the presence of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β and to estimate their levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of children with Down syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS MIP-1α and MIP-1β levels were estimated in GCF samples of 20 healthy and 20 Down syndrome individuals. Gingival status was assessed by measuring the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD).The GCF samples were obtained from the subjects and MIP-1α and MIP-1β levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The mean MIP-1α concentrations in healthy and Down syndrome individuals were 209 and 1411 pg/μL respectively, and MIP-1α levels were 342 and 1404 pg/μL respectively.The levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β in the GCF of subjects with Down syndrome were significantly higher than in the healthy individual, and statistically significant differences were present among the two groups. CONCLUSION The GCF showed dynamic changes according to the severity of periodontal disease, and the levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β had a strong relationship with clinical parameters. The MIP-1α and MIP-1β can therefore be considered as novel biomarkers in the biological mechanism underlying the patho-genesis of periodontal disease.How to cite this article: Reddy VK, Kommineni NK, Padakandla P, Togaru H, Indupalli JP, Nanga SP. Evaluation of Chemokines in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Children with Down Syndrome. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):288-293.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerakishore K Reddy
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen K Kommineni
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prathyusha Padakandla
- Head, Department of Pedodontics, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Harshini Togaru
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - John P Indupalli
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swapna P Nanga
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Surgery, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Garg S, Goel M, Verma S, Mahajan N, Kaul B, Garg V. Use of "Surface Analyzer" to evaluate the Effect of Two Polishing Systems on Surface Texture of Four Newer Composites. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:266-270. [PMID: 30397368 PMCID: PMC6212672 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Composites polymerized with a clear matrix on the surface will leave a resin-rich surface layer that is easily abraded in the oral environment, exposing unpolished, rough, inorganic filler material. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the polishing effect of two different polishing systems: One-step (PoGo) system and Sof-Lex (multistep) system on four different resin composites: Synergy D6, Clearfil APX Esthetics, Filtek Z 350 XT, Ceram X Mono. After polishing, the specimens were analyzed for average surface roughness using a two-dimensional surface profilometer. How to cite this article: Garg S, Goel M, Verma S, Mahajan N, Kaul B, Garg V. Use of "Surface Analyzer" to evaluate the Effect of Two Polishing Systems on Surface Texture of Four Newer Composites. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):266-270.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefally Garg
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Himachal Dental College, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Munish Goel
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Himachal Dental College, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Verma
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Himachal Dental College, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nanika Mahajan
- Registrar, Department of Pedodontics, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College & Hospital, Jammu, India
| | - Bhawna Kaul
- Registrar, Department of Pedodontics, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College & Hospital, Jammu, India
| | - Vikas Garg
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Surendera Dental College & Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar Rajasthan, India
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Albis-Donado O, Bhartiya S, Gil-Reyes M, Casale-Vargas G, Arreguin-Rebollar N, Kahook MY. Citius, Altius, Fortius: Agreement between Perkins and Dynamic Contour Tonometry (Pascal) and the Impact of Altitude. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2018; 12:40-44. [PMID: 29861581 PMCID: PMC5981092 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To ascertain differences in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and their repeatability between dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) and Goldmann/Perkins applanation tonometry (GAT) at two different atmospheric pressures. Materials and methods Forty-one eyes of 41 healthy consenting subjects were enrolled for this observational, cross-sectional study. Pachymetry and IOP measurements with DCT and GAT for both eyes of each subject at Acapulco (0 m from sea level) and at Mexico City (2,234 m from sea level) were done by the same observer. The IOP was compared between tonometers at each of the altitudes, and also for repeatability of each tonometer at different altitudes. Pearson's correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess reliability of measurements and their differences at the two altitudes. Results The mean age of patients was 41.7 (28-66 years); 22 were females. Mean IOP with DCT was 16.1 ± 2.2 mm Hg at sea level and 15.9 ± 2.1 mm Hg at 2,234 m above sea level, not a significant difference. Mean GAT IOP at the two altitudes was 13.1 ± 1.8 and 11.5 ± 1.7 mm Hg respectively, a statistically sig -nificant difference. In contrast, central corneal thickness (CCT) was not significantly changed (548.3 to 549.4 μm, p = 0.496). Conclusion Repeatability of single-observer measurements with GAT remains clinically acceptable, but not at different altitudes. The DCT seems to more consistently measure a similar IOP at different altitudes in the same subjects. The two tonometers may not be used interchangeably in the serial follow-up of patients at any of the altitudes.How to cite this article: Albis-Donado O, Bhartiya S, Gil-Reyes M, Casale-Vargas G, Arreguin-Rebollar N, Kahook MY. Citius, Altius, Fortius: Agreement between Perkins and Dynamic Contour Tonometry (Pascal) and the Impact of Altitude. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2018;12(1):40-44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Albis-Donado
- Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia, Queretaro, Mexico and Omesvi Diagnostic Group Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Shibal Bhartiya
- Senior Consultant, Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Facility, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Marina Gil-Reyes
- Ophthalmologist, Department of Cornea and Uveitis Section, Omesvi Diagnostic Group, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Giovanna Casale-Vargas
- Ophthalmologist, Department of Cornea and Uveitis Section, Omesvi Diagnostic Group, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Arreguin-Rebollar
- Ophthalmologist, Department of Cornea and Uveitis Section, Omesvi Diagnostic Group, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Malik Y Kahook
- Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Alaghband P, Rodrigues IA, Goyal S. Phacoemulsification with Intraocular Implantation of Lens, Endocyclophotocoagulation, and Endoscopic-Goniosynechialysis (PIECES): A Combined Technique for the Management of Extensive Synechial Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2018; 12:45-49. [PMID: 29861582 PMCID: PMC5981093 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is more blinding (1 in 4 cases) than primary open angle glaucoma (1 in 10 cases). Cataract surgery is an effective initial treatment for majority of cases of PACG. However, cataract surgery alone may not be enough to control intraocular pressure (IOP) in cases with extensive synechial angle closure glaucoma. It is reported that glaucoma drainage surgery is needed in 12% of PACG cases after cataract surgery. Some experts combine cataract surgery with either goniosynechialysis (GSL) or endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) to enhance IOP control. However, neither combination ensures complete success. We report three subjects with extensive synechia! angle closure in whom we facilitated a technique that combines lens extraction with ECP and endoscopic-GSL (PIECES). We demonstrated that this combined technique was a more effective and efficient method of achieving lower IOP in the presence of extensive synechial PACG. We believe that it addresses both the inflow and outflow of the aqueous humor simultaneously. Two out of three patients had good IOP control without medication and one patient needed one drop after a minimum 12 months of follow up. Furthermore, it may reduce the need for medical therapy and future more invasive glaucoma drainage surgery. How to cite this article: Alaghband P, Rodrigues IAS, Goyal S. Phacoemulsification with Intraocular Implantation of Lens, Endocyclophotocoagulation, and Endoscopic-Goniosynechialysis (PIECES): A Combined Technique for the Management of Extensive Synechial Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2018;12(1):45-49.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Alaghband
- Registrar, Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas Hospital, London United Kingdom
| | - Ian As Rodrigues
- Consultant, Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas Hospital, London United Kingdom
| | - Saurabh Goyal
- Consultant, Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas Hospital, London United Kingdom
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Sinha S, Praveen P, Prathibha Rani S, Anantharaj A. Pedodontic Considerations in a Child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Literature Review and a Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:254-259. [PMID: 30131652 PMCID: PMC6102438 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder, characterized by extremely short attention span, impulsivity with resultant behavioral problems. They are prone to trauma and frequent dental injuries. The behavioral issues, cognitive deficits, and short attention span pose a challenge to the dental health team. Management of these children requires several modifications in approach at all levels of prevention and treatment. This study reviews all the pertinent oral health issues in these children and also presents the case report of a 14-year-old boy diagnosed with ADHD. How to cite this article: Sinha S, Praveen P, Rani SP, Anantharaj A. Pedodontic Considerations in a Child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Literature Review and a Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):254-259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Sinha
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, DA Pandu Memorial RV Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Praveen
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, DA Pandu Memorial RV Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru Karnataka, India
| | - S Prathibha Rani
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, DA Pandu Memorial RV Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru Karnataka, India
| | - Athimuthu Anantharaj
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, DA Pandu Memorial RV Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru Karnataka, India
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Chaturvedi Y, Chaturvedy S, Marwah N, Chaturvedi S, Agarwal S, Agarwal N. Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase-Biomarkers of Stress in Children undergoing Extraction: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:214-218. [PMID: 30131644 PMCID: PMC6102441 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The anxiety of dental procedure evokes physiological response in the human body similar to fear. The level of cortisol and alpha-amylase in saliva can be considered as one of the major biomarkers of stress and anxiety. Our study was aimed to correlate the stress and anxiety with the levels of salivary cortisol (SC) and salivary alpha-amylase (SAA) in patients undergoing routine dental extraction. Materials and methods The levels of SC and SAA were assessed pre- and postextraction in the salivary samples of 20 children. Results The values of cortisol and alpha-amylase showed a significant increase postextraction. Conclusion Salivary cortisol and SAA can be considered an important and noninvasive tool for assessment of anxiety, such as dental extraction, in children. Clinical significance Increase in the stress levels of a child in the dental operatory procedures like tooth extraction suggests the use of some behavior modification and shaping techniques by dentists to overcome the anxiety of the child before commencement of the procedure. This can aid in better cooperation of the child during treatment as well as helps in internal motivation toward future dental treatment. How to cite this article: Chaturvedi Y, Chaturvedy S, Marwah N, Chaturvedi S, Agarwal S, Agarwal N. Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase—Biomarkers of Stress in Children undergoing Extraction: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11(3):214-218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Chaturvedi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Shefali Chaturvedy
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Nikhil Marwah
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Saurabh Chaturvedi
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Government Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swati Agarwal
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Neha Agarwal
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
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Srivastava B, N Devi N, Gupta N, Singh R. Comparative Evaluation of Various Temperature Changes on Stress Distribution in Class II Mesial-occlusal-distal Preparation restored with Different Restorative Materials: A Finite Element Analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:167-170. [PMID: 30131635 PMCID: PMC6102440 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The principal goal of dentistry is to maintain and improve the quality of life of the dental patients. As many of these objectives require the replacement or alterations of the existing tooth structure, the main challenge for centuries has been the development and selection of biocompatible materials that can withstand the unique conditions of the oral environment. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a modern technique of numerical stress analysis that has become a solution to the task of predicting failure due to unknown stresses by showing problem areas in a material and allowing designers to see all of theoretical stresses within. Aims and objectives To evaluate and compare the effect of various temperature changes on the stress distribution, in class II mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity when restored with different restorative materials, using the finite element method (FEM). Materials and methods Using FEA, various thermal stresses generated in class II MOD lesion using different restorative materials were studied. Results The computer-generated models of intact tooth and teeth restored with the different restorative materials were designed, and thermal stress at different temperatures was observed when subjected to the thermal loads of 5°C, 20°C, 36°C, and 55°C. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that glass ionomer cement (GIC) performed best, followed by intact tooth, composite resin, silver amalgam, and zinc oxide eugenol cement. Conclusion Restoration of class II MOD lesions with materials of lower modulus of elasticity and lower coefficient of thermal expansion will enable better stress distribution. How to cite this article: Srivastava B, Devi NN, Gupta N, Singh R. Comparative Evaluation of Various Temperature Changes on Stress Distribution in Class II Mesial-occlusal-distal Preparation restored with Different Restorative Materials: A Finite Element Analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):167-170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Srivastava
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neorem N Devi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashi Singh
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pachori A, Kambalimath H, Maran S, Niranjan B, Bhambhani G, Malhotra G. Evaluation of Changes in Salivary pH after Intake of Different Eatables and Beverages in Children at Different Time Intervals. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:177-182. [PMID: 30131637 PMCID: PMC6102436 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dissolution of the enamel in the form of erosion has increased due to shift in eating habits toward carbonated drinks like soft drink and chocolates. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the salivary pH after intake of different eatables and beverages in children at different time intervals. Study design Using standard salivary tests, this study was conducted as a case-control study. Fifty children between ages of 8 and 12 years having strict vegetarian diet were included in the study. Materials and methods Oral prophylaxis was done and salivary buffer capacity for stimulated saliva was measured. Before the saliva collection, each of the children was informed not to eat or drink anything for up to 2 hours just before the appointment. Results On pairwise evaluation, all the differences were found to be significant statistically except between baseline vs 30 minutes. Maximum mean difference was calculated and observed between baseline and immediately after intake of fruit juice and immediate after 30 minutes, 0.953 and 0.963 respectively, while minimum difference was calculated and observed between baseline and 30 minutes after intake of fruit juice (0.010). Conclusion Maximum drop was seen in cold drink when compared with fruit juice. The maximum pH increase was observed in cream biscuits with 7.63 ± 0.20. It was observed that in all the groups, the pH gradually got back to near normal levels due to the buffering mechanism of saliva.How to cite this article: Pachori A, Kambalimath H, Maran S, Niranjan B, Bhambhani G, Malhotra G. Evaluation of Changes in Salivary pH after Intake of Different Eatables and Beverages in Children at Different Time Intervals. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):177-182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Pachori
- Postgraduate Student (Final Year), Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Haalaswamy Kambalimath
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Satish Maran
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Babita Niranjan
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Bhambhani
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Peoples College of Dental Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Malhotra
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maharana Pratap College of Dental Sciences, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh India
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Bhatia R, C Vora E, Panda A. Pediatric Dental Appointments No-show: Rates and Reasons. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:171-176. [PMID: 30131636 PMCID: PMC6102432 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the frequency and reasons of missed and canceled pediatric dental appointments and identifying the factors associated with it among the patients visiting the pediatric dental clinic of the dental college in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. To assess the parents' perception regarding the treatment of their children and to explore the merit of different management strategies regarding the missed appointments. Materials and methods Self-administered questionnaires were handed over to the parents in the waiting area, whose children were undergoing treatment in the pediatric dental clinic. Questionnaire included questions pertaining to the sociodemo-graphic characteristics, methods of remembering appointments, and satisfaction with the overall past clinic experience. Results Of the 294 surveyed sample, 52.0% stated that they have missed an appointment. Highest percentage of the patients had missed due to parents' forgetfulness and patient's exams; 52.0% relied on their memory to remember their appointments, and 44.5% used their diaries and mobiles as a means of reminders. For canceling an appointment, most of them stated that patient was unwell and parents' commitments toward other work led to an increase in rates of no-shows. Socioeconomic status and the methods of remembering the appointment date were found to be significantly correlated with missing an appointment among the surveyed sample (p < 0.05); 48.3% said that they would want a call from the dentist a day prior to their appointment as a reminder. Conclusion Around one half of the patients attending the pediatric dental clinic missed their appointments. Patients most likely to fail to keep an appointment was the one who was young, remembered appointment via memory, came from a high socioeconomic class, most of them were males, and had previously broken appointments, while patients preferred receiving a call from the dentist as a reminder aide. Clinical significance Missing appointment creates a series of problems. Firstly, it deprives another patient the opportunity of getting treated. Secondly, it contributes to the development of long waiting list for dental services. Thirdly, it affects the patient's treatment time and may cause increase in the dental emergencies leading to a disruption in the doctor-patient relationship and behavioral management problems.How to cite this article: Bhatia R, Vora EC, Panda A. Pediatric Dental Appointments No-show: Rates and Reasons. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):171-176.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupinder Bhatia
- Professor and Head, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D. Y. Patil School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Esha C Vora
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D. Y. Patil School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anup Panda
- Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D. Y. Patil School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Halder S, Kaul R, Angrish P, Saha S, Bhattacharya B, Mitra M. Association between Obesity and Oral Health Status in Schoolchildren: A Survey in Five Districts of West Bengal, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:233-237. [PMID: 30131647 PMCID: PMC6102435 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity, dental caries, and periodontal disease are major public health problems due to their adverse impact on the growth and development of children. Obesity and oral health are associated as both share some common risk factors. Aim The specific aim of the study was to determine the correlation, if there is any, between obesity and oral health in children. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in five districts of West Bengal, India. A total of 1,227 school-going children of 6 to 12 years were examined from the districts of Howrah, Hooghly, West Midnapore, South 24-parganas, and North 24-parganas. Following indices were analyzed: Decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT), decayed, extracted, filled teeth (deft), simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). Depending on their nutritional status, subjects were categorized as being normal weight, overweight, and obese. Logistic regression analysis were applied to the study to find out the association between the above-mentioned dental indices and independent variables: Gender and nutritional status. Result A positive association was found between obesity and oral health status in children. Conclusion Considering the results of this study, it was concluded that obesity is related to oral hygiene status of children. In order to improve oral hygiene status in children, dietary modifications need to be done. How to cite this article: Halder S, Kaul R, Angrish P, Saha S, Bhattacharya B, Mitra M. Association between Obesity and Oral Health Status in Schoolchildren: A Survey in Five Districts of West Bengal, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):233-237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Halder
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Rahul Kaul
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Paras Angrish
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Subrata Saha
- Professorm Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Bhaswar Bhattacharya
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Malay Mitra
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal India
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Panta P, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Gadbail AR, Gondivkar SM, Patiln S. "Mind" in Betel-quid Use and Related Disorders. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:629-630. [PMID: 29959286 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by a unique predisposing state called oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Wide variety of carcinogenic insult in the form of detrimental habits can contribute to the causation of variety of OPMDs.1,2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Panta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College & Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India, Phone: +919701806830, e-mail:
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol R Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailesh M Gondivkar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shankargouda Patiln
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Aggarwal A, M Pai K. Orofacial Manifestations of Leukemic Children on Treatment: A Descriptive Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:193-198. [PMID: 30131640 PMCID: PMC6102430 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To study the prevalence of orofacial manifestations in leukemic children undergoing treatment and to correlate these manifestations with various stages of chemotherapy. Materials and methods A prospective noninvasive study comprising 43 acute lymphocytic leukemic pediatric patients at various stages of therapy. They were examined on day of their each blood examination, and lesions were recorded on a self-designed pro forma. A total of 133 observations were recorded by a single observer. The treatment was divided into the phase of induction, consolidation, maintenance, and relapse. Results The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 10.1. There were 24 males and 19 females in this study, aged between 3 and 13 years. The common oral lesions seen were dental caries, lymphadenopathy (86.04%), pallor (65.11%), ulcers (13.95%), mucositis (16.27%), gingival enlargement, hemorrhages (20.93%), candidiasis, herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, xerostomia (44.18%), paresthesia, and tooth mobility. Herpes simplex virus infection was seen only during induction and consolidation phases. Ulcers were seen during all phases of therapy. Clinical significance Orofacial manifestations may be seen as the first sign of leukemia and a dentist may play a significant role in the diagnosis of the disease per se. This study highlights not only about commonly occurring lesions but also their variation during various phases of therapy. To the best of our knowledge, no study has such an extensive reporting of orofacial manifestations of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients under treatment. How to cite this article: Aggarwal A, Pai KM. Orofacial Manifestations of Leukemic Children on Treatment: A Descriptive Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):193-198.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Aggarwal
- Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar Rajasthan, India
| | - Keerthilatha M Pai
- Professor and Dean, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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