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González LM, Robles NR, Mota-Zamorano S, Arévalo-Lorido JC, Valdivielso JM, López-Gómez J, Gervasini G. Tag-SNPs in Phospholipase-Related Genes Modify the Susceptibility to Nephrosclerosis and its Associated Cardiovascular Risk. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:817020. [PMID: 35586043 PMCID: PMC9108153 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.817020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrosclerosis patients have a high cardiovascular (CV) risk that is very often of more concern than the renal disease itself. We aimed to determine whether variants in phospholipase-related genes, associated with atherosclerosis and CV outcomes in the general population, could constitute biomarkers of nephrosclerosis and/or its associated CV risk. We screened 1,209 nephrosclerosis patients and controls for 86 tag-SNPs that were identified in the SCARB1, PLA2G4A, and PLA2G7 gene loci. Regression models were utilized to evaluate their effect on several clinical parameters. Most notably, rs10846744 and rs838880 in SCARB1 showed significant odds ratios (OR) of 0.66 (0.51–0.87), p = 0.003 and 1.48 (1.11–1.96), p = 0.007 for nephrosclerosis risk. PLA2G4A and PLA2G7 harboured several SNPs associated with atherosclerosis measurements in the patients, namely common carotid intima media thickness (ccIMT), presence of plaques, number of plaques detected and 2-years ccIMT progression (significant p-values ranging from 0.0004 to 0.047). Eight SNPs in PLA2G4A were independent risk factors for CV events in nephrosclerosis patients. Their addition to a ROC model containing classic risk factors significantly improved its predictive power from AUC = 69.1% (61.4–76.9) to AUC = 79.1% (73.1–85.1%), p = 0.047. Finally, PLA2G4A rs932476AA and rs6683619AA genotypes were associated with lower CV event-free survival after controlling for confounding variables [49.59 (47.97–51.21) vs. 51.81 (49.93–51.78) months, p = 0.041 and 46.46 (41.00–51.92) vs. 51.17 (50.25–52.08) months, p = 0.022, respectively]. Variability in phospholipase-related genes play a relevant role in nephrosclerosis and associated atherosclerosis measurements and CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M. González
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Nicolás R. Robles
- Service of Nephrology, Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
- RICORS2040 Renal Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Mota-Zamorano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- RICORS2040 Renal Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Manuel Valdivielso
- RICORS2040 Renal Research Network, Madrid, Spain
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, UDETMA, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan López-Gómez
- Service of Clinical Analyses, Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Guillermo Gervasini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- RICORS2040 Renal Research Network, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Guillermo Gervasini,
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Zhang Y, Dong D, Xu X, He H, Zhu Y, Lei T, Ou H. Oxidized high-density lipoprotein promotes CD36 palmitoylation and increases lipid uptake in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102000. [PMID: 35500650 PMCID: PMC9144050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) reduces the ability of cells to mediate reverse cholesterol transport and also shows atherogenic properties. Palmitoylation of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), an important receptor mediating lipoprotein uptake, is required for fatty acid endocytosis. However, the relationship between oxHDL and CD36 has not been described in mechanistic detail. Here, we demonstrate using acyl-biotin exchange analysis that oxHDL activates CD36 by increasing CD36 palmitoylation, which promotes efficient uptake in macrophages. This modification increased CD36 incorporation into plasma lipid rafts and activated downstream signaling mediators, such as Lyn, Fyn, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which elicited enhanced oxHDL uptake and foam cell formation. Furthermore, blocking CD36 palmitoylation with the pharmacological inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate decreased cell surface translocation and lowered oxHDL uptake in oxHDL-treated macrophages. We verified these results by transfecting oxHDL-induced macrophages with vectors expressing wildtype or mutant CD36 (mCD36) in which the cytoplasmic palmitoylated cysteine residues were replaced. We show that cells containing mCD36 exhibited less palmitoylated CD36, disrupted plasma membrane trafficking, and reduced protein stability. Moreover, in ApoE−/−CD36−/− mice, lipid accumulation at the aortic root in mice receiving the mCD36 vector was decreased, suggesting that CD36 palmitoylation is responsible for lipid uptake in vivo. Finally, our data indicated that palmitoylation of CD36 was dependent on DHHC6 (Asp-His-His-Cys) acyltransferase and its cofactor selenoprotein K, which increased the CD36/caveolin-1 interaction and membrane targeting in cells exposed to oxHDL. Altogether, our study uncovers a causal link between oxHDL and CD36 palmitoylation and provides insight into foam cell formation and atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Doudou Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingwen Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hailong Ou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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3
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Kon V, Yang HC, Smith LE, Vickers KC, Linton MF. High-Density Lipoproteins in Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158201. [PMID: 34360965 PMCID: PMC8348850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of epidemiological studies have established the strong inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration and cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence suggests that HDL particle functions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions, and cholesterol efflux capacity may be more strongly associated with cardiovascular disease protection than HDL cholesterol concentration. These HDL functions are also relevant in non-cardiovascular diseases, including acute and chronic kidney disease. This review examines our current understanding of the kidneys’ role in HDL metabolism and homeostasis, and the effect of kidney disease on HDL composition and functionality. Additionally, the roles of HDL particles, proteins, and small RNA cargo on kidney cell function and on the development and progression of both acute and chronic kidney disease are examined. The effect of HDL protein modification by reactive dicarbonyls, including malondialdehyde and isolevuglandin, which form adducts with apolipoprotein A-I and impair proper HDL function in kidney disease, is also explored. Finally, the potential to develop targeted therapies that increase HDL concentration or functionality to improve acute or chronic kidney disease outcomes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (V.K.); (H.-C.Y.)
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (V.K.); (H.-C.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Loren E. Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Correspondence:
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Puchałowicz K, Rać ME. The Multifunctionality of CD36 in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications-Update in Pathogenesis, Treatment and Monitoring. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081877. [PMID: 32796572 PMCID: PMC7465275 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD36 is a multiligand receptor contributing to glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, inflammation, thrombosis, and fibrosis. A wide range of tissue expression includes cells sensitive to metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus (DM), such as monocytes and macrophages, epithelial cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, skeletal and cardiac myocytes, pancreatic β-cells, kidney glomeruli and tubules cells, pericytes and pigment epithelium cells of the retina, and Schwann cells. These features make CD36 an important component of the pathogenesis of DM and its complications, but also a promising target in the treatment of these disorders. The detrimental effects of CD36 signaling are mediated by the uptake of fatty acids and modified lipoproteins, deposition of lipids and their lipotoxicity, alterations in insulin response and the utilization of energy substrates, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis leading to the progressive, often irreversible organ dysfunction. This review summarizes the extensive knowledge of the contribution of CD36 to DM and its complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy.
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Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:525-541. [PMID: 31399983 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the lipid nephrotoxicity hypothesis was proposed in 1982, increasing evidence has supported the hypothesis that lipid abnormalities contributed to the progression of glomerulosclerosis. In this chapter, we will discuss the general promises of the original hypothesis, focusing especially on the role of lipids and metabolic inflammation accompanying CKD in renal fibrosis and potential new strategies of prevention.
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6
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CD36 in chronic kidney disease: novel insights and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:769-781. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Yang X, Li Y, Li Y, Ren X, Zhang X, Hu D, Gao Y, Xing Y, Shang H. Oxidative Stress-Mediated Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and Therapies. Front Physiol 2017; 8:600. [PMID: 28878685 PMCID: PMC5572357 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherogenesis, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, is a complex process that involves several mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, neovascularization, vascular proliferation, apoptosis, matrix degradation, inflammation, and thrombosis. The pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis are explained differently by different scholars. One of the most common theories is the destruction of well-balanced homeostatic mechanisms, which incurs the oxidative stress. And oxidative stress is widely regarded as the redox status realized when an imbalance exists between antioxidant capability and activity species including reactive oxygen (ROS), nitrogen (RNS) and halogen species, non-radical as well as free radical species. This occurrence results in cell injury due to direct oxidation of cellular protein, lipid, and DNA or via cell death signaling pathways responsible for accelerating atherogenesis. This paper discusses inflammation, mitochondria, autophagy, apoptosis, and epigenetics as they induce oxidative stress in atherosclerosis, as well as various treatments for antioxidative stress that may prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of People's Liberation ArmyBeijing, China
| | - Yanda Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Masonic Medical Research LaboratoryUtica, NY, United States
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
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8
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Oztas Y, Yalcinkaya A. Oxidative alterations in sickle cell disease: Possible involvement in disease pathogenesis. World J Hematol 2017; 6:55-61. [DOI: 10.5315/wjh.v6.i3.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the first molecular disease in the literature. Although the structural alteration and dysfunction of the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) are well understood, the many factors modifying the clinical signs and symptoms of the disease are under investigation. Besides having an abnormal electrophoretic mobility and solubility, HbS is unstable. The autooxidation rate of the abnormal HbS has been reported to be almost two times of the normal. There are two more components of the oxidative damage in SCD: Free radical induced oxidative damage during vaso-occlusion induced ischemia-reperfusion injury and decreased antioxidant capacity in the erythrocyte and in the circulation. We will discuss the effects of oxidative alterations in the erythrocyte and in the plasma of SCD patients in this review.
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9
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Luo B, Wen S, Chen YC, Cui Y, Gao FB, Yao YY, Ju SH, Teng GJ. LOX-1-Targeted Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Detect Early Diabetic Nephropathy in db/db Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 17:652-60. [PMID: 25666291 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) contributes to pervasive inflammation in early diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study determined the feasibility of anti-LOX-1-ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIOs) for noninvasive detection of inflammatory renal lesions in early DN. PROCEDURES Anti-mouse LOX-1 antibody was conjugated to polyethyleneglycol-coated USPIOs. In vitro analysis of USPIOs uptake was performed in RAW264.7 macrophages. DN and control mice were imaged by MRI prior to and 24 h after contrast treatment. RESULTS Anti-LOX-1 USPIOs were selectively taken up by macrophages, and kidney T2* MRI showed a lower signal intensity in the cortex of DN mice after 24 h administration of anti-LOX-1 USPIOs. Positive Perl's staining in DN lesions, indicating the presence of iron oxide, was consistent with immunohistochemistry indicating the presence of LOX-1 and CD68. CONCLUSIONS This report shows that anti-LOX-1 USPIOs detect LOX-1-enriched inflammatory renal lesions in early DN mice. Our study provides important information for characterizing and monitoring early DN.
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10
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Mooradian AD, Haas MJ. Targeting high-density lipoproteins: increasing de novo production versus decreasing clearance. Drugs 2016; 75:713-22. [PMID: 25895465 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although cardiovascular mortality has been decreasing in industrialized countries, there continues to be a substantial residual risk; thus, novel therapeutic agents and new targets of therapy have been sought. One highly plausible therapeutic target is high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL is a key player in reverse cholesterol transport and possesses a slew of other cardioprotective properties; however, recent trials with agents known to increase HDL levels have generally not shown any reduction in cardiovascular events. Further analysis of these trials suggest that fibrates have consistently reduced some cardiovascular outcomes, at least in the subgroup of patients with high serum triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol (HDLc) levels. Since fibrates, unlike niacin or cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors, increase HDLc level mostly through the stimulation of apolipoprotein A-I production, it is suggested that the quality and functionality of HDL are enhanced when de novo synthesis rather than inhibition of turnover is the mechanism of increasing HDL level. In this communication, the evidence for and against the cardioprotective properties of HDL is reviewed and the contemporary clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshag D Mooradian
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, 655 West 11th Street, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA,
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11
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Zhang F, Sun D, Chen J, Guan N, Huo X, Xi H. Simvastatin attenuates angiotensin II‑induced inflammation and oxidative stress in human mesangial cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1246-51. [PMID: 25374119 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an intractable disease in which inflammation and oxidative stress are important. In the present study, the effect of simvastatin on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in human mesangial cells (HMCs) and its corresponding mechanism was examined. In the in vitro experiment, HMCs were pretreated either without additives (control group) or with simvastatin at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1 or 10 µM) for 1 h and were then stimulated by Ang II (1 µM) for 24 h. Following stimulation, the cells were collected for analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and dihydroethidium staining. The supernatant of the cells was collected and analyzed using an enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. The results demonstrated that simvastatin suppressed the increased mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1, tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6 and the content of reactive oxygen species induced by Ang II in a dose‑dependent manner. In addition, simvastatin decreased the protein expression of cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and protein kinase C (PKC) as well as the content of prostaglandin E2 and the phosphorylation level of nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) p65 in a dose‑dependent manner. Furthermore, simvastatin significantly increased the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Therefore, simvastatin suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress in Ang II‑stimulated HMCs via COX‑2, PPARγ, NF‑κB, NADPH oxidase and PKCs, thereby exerting a protective effect on CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dapeng Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Junjiang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Ning Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Huo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Huanjiu Xi
- Department of Anatomy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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12
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Nistala R, Habibi J, Aroor A, Sowers JR, Hayden MR, Meuth A, Knight W, Hancock T, Klein T, DeMarco VG, Whaley-Connell A. DPP4 inhibition attenuates filtration barrier injury and oxidant stress in the zucker obese rat. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2172-9. [PMID: 24995775 PMCID: PMC4180797 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-related glomerulopathy is characterized initially by glomerular hyperfiltration with hypertrophy and then development of proteinuria. Putative mechanisms include endothelial dysfunction and filtration barrier injury due to oxidant stress and immune activation. There has been recent interest in targeting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) enzyme due to increasing role in non-enzymatic cellular processes. METHODS The Zucker obese (ZO) rat (aged 8 weeks) fed a normal chow or diet containing the DPP4 inhibitor linagliptin for 8 weeks (83 mg/kg rat chow) was utilized. RESULTS Compared to lean controls, there were increases in plasma DPP4 activity along with proteinuria in ZO rats. ZO rats further displayed increases in glomerular size and podocyte foot process effacement. These findings occurred in parallel with decreased endothelial stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), increased oxidant markers, and tyrosine phosphorylation of nephrin and serine phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). DPP4 inhibition improved proteinuria along with filtration barrier remodeling, circulating and kidney tissue DPP4 activity, increased active glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as well as SDF-1α, and improved oxidant markers and the podocyte-specific protein nephrin. CONCLUSIONS These data support a role for DPP4 in glomerular filtration function and targeting DPP4 with inhibition improves oxidant stress-related glomerulopathy and associated proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Nistala
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - Javad Habibi
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - Annayya Aroor
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - James R Sowers
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
| | - Alex Meuth
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - William Knight
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - Tamara Hancock
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | | | - Vincent G DeMarco
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
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13
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Kelesidis T, Kendall MA, Yang OO, Hodis H, Currier JS. Perturbations of circulating levels of RANKL-osteoprotegerin axis in relation to lipids and progression of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected and -uninfected adults: ACTG NWCS 332/A5078 Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2013; 29:938-48. [PMID: 23351153 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2012.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis has been shown to play a role in the inflammatory process of atherogenesis and may be regulated by changes in levels of cholesterol. However, the interplay between HIV-1 infection, lipids, the RANKL-OPG axis, and atherosclerosis is poorly defined. Serum RANKL, OPG, and RANKL/OPG ratio were retrospectively assessed for 91 subjects from a 3-year study of carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), which enrolled triads of risk factor-matched persons that were HIV-1 uninfected (n=36) or HIV-1(+) with (n=29) or without (n=26) continuous protease inhibitor (PI)-based therapy for ≥2 years. Associations of serum RANKL, OPG, and RANKL/OPG ratio to the primary outcomes of levels of circulating lipids and atherosclerosis progression were determined using multivariate regression models. Serum RANKL and RANKL/OPG ratio were significantly lower in HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected subjects (p<0.01). Multivariate models for HIV-1(+) subjects, but not in uninfected controls, demonstrated that perturbations in serum cholesterol levels were significantly associated (p<0.05) with perturbations in serum levels of RANKL and OPG, and their ratio (RANKL/OPG). There were no significant associations of serum RANKL, OPG, and RANKL/OPG with progression of atherosclerosis in HIV-1(+) subjects. Our results suggest that HIV-1 infection is associated with reductions in both serum RANKL and the RANKL/OPG ratio, and perturbations in the circulating levels of RANKL and OPG are significantly associated with increases in cholesterol levels, but not with progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michelle A. Kendall
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Otto O. Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Howard Hodis
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Judith S. Currier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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LOX-1, oxidative stress and inflammation: a novel mechanism for diabetic cardiovascular complications. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2012; 25:451-9. [PMID: 21993919 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-011-6342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease characterized by a state of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. This malady can lead to a number of complications such as ischemic heart disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and impaired wound healing. The etiology of diabetic complications is multifactorial, and is closely associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), a receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), plays critical roles in multiple signal transduction pathways and is involved in the process of oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent studies provide important insights into the roles of LOX-1 in the development and progression of diabetic vasculopathy which is the underlying mechanism of diabetic complications. In this review, we summarize mechanistic studies, mainly related to LOX-1, on the development and progression of diabetes mellitus and its cardiovascular complications.
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15
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Oxidatively modified high density lipoprotein promotes inflammatory response in human monocytes-macrophages by enhanced production of ROS, TNF-α, MMP-9, and MMP-2. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:277-85. [PMID: 22527933 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) loses its cardioprotective ability through oxidative modifications by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promote atherogenesis. However, the pro-atherogenic pathways undergone by oxidized HDL remain poorly understood. Since monocytes play a crucial role in atherogenesis, this study was aimed to investigate the influence of both native and oxidized HDL (oxHDL) on monocytes-macrophages functions relevant to atherogenesis. HDL particles were isolated from human blood samples by ultracentrifugation and subjected to in vitro oxidation with CuSO(4). The extent of oxidation was quantitated by measurement of lipid peroxides. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured under standard conditions. Cells were treated with native and oxHDL at varying concentrations for different time intervals and used for several analyses. Intracellular ROS production was assessed based on ROS-mediated DCFH fluorescence of the cells. The release of TNF-α and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was quantitated using ELISA kit and gelatine zymography, respectively. Treatment of cells with oxidized HDL enhanced the production of ROS in a concentration-dependent way, while native HDL had no such effect. Further, the release of TNF-α, MMP-9, and MMP-2 was found to be remarkably higher in cells incubated with oxHDL than that of native HDL. Results demonstrate that oxidative modification of HDL induces pro-inflammatory response and oxidative stress in human monocytes-macrophages.
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Inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity-related glomerulopathy. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:608397. [PMID: 22567283 PMCID: PMC3332212 DOI: 10.1155/2012/608397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related glomerulopathy is an increasing cause of end-stage renal disease. Obesity has been considered a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and chronic oxidative stress. Augmented inflammation in adipose and kidney tissues promotes the progression of kidney damage in obesity. Adipose tissue, which is accumulated in obesity, is a key endocrine organ that produces multiple biologically active molecules, including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, that affect inflammation, and subsequent deregulation of cell function in renal glomeruli that leads to pathological changes. Oxidative stress is also associated with obesity-related renal diseases and may trigger the initiation or progression of renal damage in obesity. In this paper, we focus on inflammation and oxidative stress in the progression of obesity-related glomerulopathy and possible interventions to prevent kidney injury in obesity.
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