1
|
Hu HT, Hsueh YP. KLHL17 differentially controls the expression of AMPA- and KA-type glutamate receptors to regulate dendritic spine enlargement. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38898681 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Kelch-like family member 17 (KLHL17), an actin-associated adaptor protein, is linked to neurological disorders, including infantile spasms and autism spectrum disorders. The key morphological feature of Klhl17-deficient neurons is impaired dendritic spine enlargement, resulting in the amplitude of calcium events being increased. Our previous studies have indicated an involvement of F-actin and the spine apparatus in KLHL17-mediated dendritic spine enlargement. Here, we show that KLHL17 further employs different mechanisms to control the expression of two types of glutamate receptors, that is, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and kainate receptors (KARs), to regulate dendritic spine enlargement and calcium influx. We deployed proteomics to reveal that KLHL17 interacts with N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) in neurons, with this interaction of KLHL17 and NSF enhancing NSF protein levels. Consistent with the function of NSF in regulating the surface expression of AMPAR, Klhl17 deficiency limits the surface expression of AMPAR, but not its total protein levels. The NSF pathway also contributes to synaptic F-actin distribution and the dendritic spine enlargement mediated by KLHL17. KLHL17 is known to act as an adaptor mediating degradation of the KAR subunit GluK2 by the CUL3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and Klhl17 deficiency impairs activity-dependent degradation of GluK2. Herein, we further demonstrate that GluK2 is critical to the increased amplitude of calcium influx in Klhl17-deficient neurons. Moreover, GluK2 is also involved in KLHL17-regulated dendritic spine enlargement. Thus, our study reveals that KLHL17 controls AMPAR and KAR expression via at least two mechanisms, consequently regulating dendritic spine enlargement. The regulatory effects of KLHL17 on these two glutamate receptors likely contribute to neuronal features in patients suffering from certain neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Tang Hu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hogestyn JM, Salois G, Xie L, Apa C, Youngyunpipatkul J, Pröschel C, Mayer-Pröschel M. Expression of the human herpesvirus 6A latency-associated transcript U94A impairs cytoskeletal functions in human neural cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103770. [PMID: 36055520 PMCID: PMC10124163 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases have a multifactorial etiology and variable course of progression that cannot be explained by current models. Neurotropic viruses have long been suggested to play a role in these diseases, although their exact contributions remain unclear. Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) is one of the most common viruses detected in the adult brain, and has been clinically associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), and, more recently, Alzheimer's disease (AD). HHV-6A is a ubiquitous viral pathogen capable of infecting glia and neurons. Primary infection in childhood is followed by the induction of latency, characterized by expression of the U94A viral transcript in the absence of viral replication. Here we examine the effects of U94A on cells of the central nervous system. We found that U94A expression inhibits the migration and impairs cytoplasmic maturation of human oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) without affecting their viability, a phenotype that may contribute to the failure of remyelination seen in many patients with MS. A subsequent proteomics analysis of U94A expression OPCs revealed altered expression of genes involved in tubulin associated cytoskeletal regulation. As HHV-6A seems to significantly be associated with early AD pathology, we extended our initially analysis of the impact of U94A on human derived neurons. We found that U94A expression inhibits neurite outgrowth of primary human cortical neurons and impairs synapse maturation. Based on these data we suggest that U94A expression by latent HHV-6A in glial cells and neurons renders them susceptible to dysfunction and degeneration. Therefore, latent viral infections of the brain represent a unique pathological risk factor that may contribute to disease processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Hogestyn
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Garrick Salois
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Connor Apa
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Justin Youngyunpipatkul
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Christoph Pröschel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Margot Mayer-Pröschel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 633, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li C, Wei JA, Wang D, Luo Z, Pang C, Chen K, Duan J, Chen B, Zhou L, Tissir F, Shi L, So KF, Zhang L, Qu Y. Planar cell polarity protein Celsr2 maintains structural and functional integrity of adult cortical synapses. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 219:102352. [PMID: 36089108 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A few developmental genes remain persistently expressed in the adult stage, whilst their potential functions in the mature brain remain underappreciated. Here, we report the unexpected importance of Celsr2, a core Planar cell polarity (PCP) component, in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of adult neocortex. Celsr2 is highly expressed during development and remains expressed in adult neocortex. In vivo synaptic imaging in Celsr2 deficient mice revealed alterations in spinogenesis and reduced neuronal calcium activities, which are associated with impaired motor learning. These phenotypes were accompanied with anomalies of both postsynaptic organization and presynaptic vesicles. Knockout of Celsr2 in adult mice recapitulated those features, further supporting the role of Celsr2 in maintaining the integrity of mature cortex. In sum, our data identify previously unrecognized roles of Celsr2 in the maintenance of synaptic function and motor learning in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ji-An Wei
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Diyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhihua Luo
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Chaoqin Pang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Juan Duan
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Bailing Chen
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fadel Tissir
- College of Health and Life Sciences, HBKU, Doha, Qatar; Universite catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lei Shi
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, PR China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, PR China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Yibo Qu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shih PY, Fang YL, Shankar S, Lee SP, Hu HT, Chen H, Wang TF, Hsia KC, Hsueh YP. Phase separation and zinc-induced transition modulate synaptic distribution and association of autism-linked CTTNBP2 and SHANK3. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2664. [PMID: 35562389 PMCID: PMC9106668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many synaptic proteins form biological condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Synaptopathy, a key feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), is likely relevant to the impaired phase separation and/or transition of ASD-linked synaptic proteins. Here, we report that LLPS and zinc-induced liquid-to-gel phase transition regulate the synaptic distribution and protein-protein interaction of cortactin-binding protein 2 (CTTNBP2), an ASD-linked protein. CTTNBP2 forms self-assembled condensates through its C-terminal intrinsically disordered region and facilitates SHANK3 co-condensation at dendritic spines. Zinc binds the N-terminal coiled-coil region of CTTNBP2, promoting higher-order assemblies. Consequently, it leads to reduce CTTNBP2 mobility and enhance the stability and synaptic retention of CTTNBP2 condensates. Moreover, ASD-linked mutations alter condensate formation and synaptic retention of CTTNBP2 and impair mouse social behaviors, which are all ameliorated by zinc supplementation. Our study suggests the relevance of condensate formation and zinc-induced phase transition to the synaptic distribution and function of ASD-linked proteins. Autism impacts synapses. This study reports that autism-linked mutations of CTTNBP2 regulate phase separation to control synaptic enrichment of that protein. A zinc-induced liquid-to-gel transition improves synaptic retention of CTTNBP2 and SHANK3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Yun Shih
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yu-Lun Fang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sahana Shankar
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sue-Ping Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Tang Hu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ting-Fang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Chiang Hsia
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. .,Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. .,Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng H, Huang Y, Chen W, Che J, Liu T, Na J, Wang R, Fan Y. Cyclic Strain and Electrical Co-stimulation Improve Neural Differentiation of Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624755. [PMID: 34055769 PMCID: PMC8150581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the combinatorial effect of cyclic strain and electrical stimulation on neural differentiation potential of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) inductions in vitro. We developed a prototype device which can provide cyclic strain and electrical signal synchronously. Using this system, we demonstrated that cyclic strain and electrical co-stimulation promote the differentiation of BMCSs into neural cells with more branches and longer neurites than strain or electrical stimulation alone. Strain and electrical co-stimulation can also induce a higher expression of neural markers in terms of transcription and protein level. Neurotrophic factors and the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) are also upregulated with co-stimulation. Importantly, the co-stimulation further enhances the calcium influx of neural differentiated BMSCs when responding to acetylcholine and potassium chloride (KCl). Finally, the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 and protein kinase B (AKT) was elevated under co-stimulation treatment. The present work suggests a synergistic effect of the combination of cyclic strain and electrical stimulation on BMSC neuronal differentiation and provides an alternative approach to physically manipulate stem cell differentiation into mature and functional neural cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jifei Che
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Taidong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Na
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruojin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu HT, Huang TN, Hsueh YP. KLHL17/Actinfilin, a brain-specific gene associated with infantile spasms and autism, regulates dendritic spine enlargement. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:103. [PMID: 33256713 PMCID: PMC7708131 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic spines, the actin-rich protrusions emerging from dendrites, are the subcellular locations of excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain. Many actin-regulating molecules modulate dendritic spine morphology. Since dendritic spines are neuron-specific structures, it is reasonable to speculate that neuron-specific or -predominant factors are involved in dendritic spine formation. KLHL17 (Kelch-like 17, also known as Actinfilin), an actin-binding protein, is predominantly expressed in brain. Human genetic study has indicated an association of KLHL17/Actinfilin with infantile spasms, a rare form of childhood epilepsy also resulting in autism and mental retardation, indicating that KLHL17/Actinfilin plays a role in neuronal function. However, it remains elusive if and how KLHL17/Actinfilin regulates neuronal development and brain function. Methods Fluorescent immunostaining and electrophysiological recording were performed to evaluate dendritic spine formation and activity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Knockdown and knockout of KLHL17/Actinfilin and expression of truncated fragments of KLHL17/Actinfilin were conducted to investigate the function of KLHL17/Actinfilin in neurons. Mouse behavioral assays were used to evaluate the role of KLHL17/Actinfilin in brain function. Results We found that KLHL17/Actinfilin tends to form circular puncta in dendritic spines and are surrounded by or adjacent to F-actin. Klhl17 deficiency impairs F-actin enrichment at dendritic spines. Knockdown and knockout of KLHL17/Actinfilin specifically impair dendritic spine enlargement, but not the density or length of dendritic spines. Both N-terminal Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric-a-brac (BTB) domain and C-terminal Kelch domains of KLHL17/Actinfilin are required for F-actin remodeling and enrichment at dendritic spines, as well as dendritic spine enlargement. A reduction of postsynaptic and presynsptic markers at dendritic spines and altered mEPSC profiles due to Klhl17 deficiency evidence impaired synaptic activity in Klhl17-deficient neurons. Our behavioral assays further indicate that Klhl17 deficiency results in hyperactivity and reduced social interaction, strengthening evidence for the physiological role of KLHL17/Actinfilin. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that KLHL17/Actinfilin modulates F-actin remodeling and contributes to regulation of neuronal morphogenesis, maturation and activity, which is likely relevant to behavioral impairment in Klhl17-deficient mice. Trial registration Non-applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Tang Hu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzyy-Nan Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sheng L, Leshchyns'ka I, Sytnyk V. Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 2 (NCAM2)-Induced c-Src-Dependent Propagation of Submembrane Ca2+ Spikes Along Dendrites Inhibits Synapse Maturation. Cereb Cortex 2020. [PMID: 29522129 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) is encoded by a gene on chromosome 21 in humans. NCAM2 accumulates in synapses, but its role in regulation of synapse formation remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that an increase in NCAM2 levels results in increased instability of dendritic protrusions and reduced conversion of protrusions to dendritic spines in mouse cortical neurons. NCAM2 overexpression induces an increase in the frequency of submembrane Ca2+ spikes localized in individual dendritic protrusions and promotes propagation of submembrane Ca2+ spikes over segments of dendrites or the whole dendritic tree. NCAM2-dependent submembrane Ca2+ spikes are L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel-dependent, and their propagation but not initiation depends on the c-Src protein tyrosine kinase. Inhibition of initiation or propagation of NCAM2-dependent submembrane Ca2+ spikes reduces the NCAM2-dependent instability of dendritic protrusions. Synaptic boutons formed on dendrites of neurons with elevated NCAM2 expression are enriched in the protein marker of immature synapses GAP43, and the number of boutons with mature activity-dependent synaptic vesicle recycling is reduced. Our results indicate that synapse maturation is inhibited in NCAM2-overexpressing neurons and suggest that changes in NCAM2 levels and altered submembrane Ca2+ dynamics can cause defects in synapse maturation in Down syndrome and other brain disorders associated with abnormal NCAM2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Sheng
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hlushchenko I, Hotulainen P. Chemical LTD, but not LTP, induces transient accumulation of gelsolin in dendritic spines. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1129-1139. [PMID: 31280237 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity underlies central brain functions, such as learning. Ca2+ signaling is involved in both strengthening and weakening of synapses, but it is still unclear how one signal molecule can induce two opposite outcomes. By identifying molecules, which can distinguish between signaling leading to weakening or strengthening, we can improve our understanding of how synaptic plasticity is regulated. Here, we tested gelsolin's response to the induction of chemical long-term potentiation (cLTP) or long-term depression (cLTD) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We show that gelsolin relocates from the dendritic shaft to dendritic spines upon cLTD induction while it did not show any relocalization upon cLTP induction. Dendritic spines are small actin-rich protrusions on dendrites, where LTD/LTP-responsive excitatory synapses are located. We propose that the LTD-induced modest - but relatively long-lasting - elevation of Ca2+ concentration increases the affinity of gelsolin to F-actin. As F-actin is enriched in dendritic spines, it is probable that increased affinity to F-actin induces the relocalization of gelsolin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Hlushchenko
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mignogna KM, Bacanu SA, Riley BP, Wolen AR, Miles MF. Cross-species alcohol dependence-associated gene networks: Co-analysis of mouse brain gene expression and human genome-wide association data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0202063. [PMID: 31017905 PMCID: PMC6481773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies on alcohol dependence, by themselves, have yet to account for the estimated heritability of the disorder and provide incomplete mechanistic understanding of this complex trait. Integrating brain ethanol-responsive gene expression networks from model organisms with human genetic data on alcohol dependence could aid in identifying dependence-associated genes and functional networks in which they are involved. This study used a modification of the Edge-Weighted Dense Module Searching for genome-wide association studies (EW-dmGWAS) approach to co-analyze whole-genome gene expression data from ethanol-exposed mouse brain tissue, human protein-protein interaction databases and alcohol dependence-related genome-wide association studies. Results revealed novel ethanol-responsive and alcohol dependence-associated gene networks in prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and ventral tegmental area. Three of these networks were overrepresented with genome-wide association signals from an independent dataset. These networks were significantly overrepresented for gene ontology categories involving several mechanisms, including actin filament-based activity, transcript regulation, Wnt and Syndecan-mediated signaling, and ubiquitination. Together, these studies provide novel insight for brain mechanisms contributing to alcohol dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Mignogna
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Silviu A. Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Brien P. Riley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Aaron R. Wolen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Miles
- VCU Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The primate-specific peptide Y-P30 regulates morphological maturation of neocortical dendritic spines. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211151. [PMID: 30759095 PMCID: PMC6373909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 30-amino acid peptide Y-P30 corresponds to the N-terminus of the primate-specific, sweat gland-derived dermcidin prepropeptide. Previous work has revealed that Y-P30 enhances the interaction of pleiotrophin and syndecans-2/3, and thus represents a natural ligand to study this signaling pathway. In immature neurons, Y-P30 activates the c-Src and p42/44 ERK kinase pathway, increases the amount of F-actin in axonal growth cones, and promotes neuronal survival, cell migration and axonal elongation. The action of Y-P30 on axonal growth requires syndecan-3 and heparan sulfate side chains. Whether Y-P30 has the potential to influence dendrites and dendritic protrusions has not been explored. The latter is suggested by the observations that syndecan-2 expression increases during postnatal development, that syndecan-2 becomes enriched in dendritic spines, and that overexpression of syndecan-2 in immature neurons results in a premature morphological maturation of dendritic spines. Here, analysing rat cortical pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons in organotypic cultures, we show that Y-P30 does not alter the development of the dendritic arborization patterns. However, Y-P30 treatment decreases the density of apical, but not basal dendritic protrusions at the expense of the filopodia. Analysis of spine morphology revealed an unchanged mushroom/stubby-to-thin spine ratio and a shortening of the longest decile of dendritic protrusions. Whole-cell recordings from cortical principal neurons in dissociated cultures grown in the presence of Y-P30 demonstrated a decrease in the frequency of glutamatergic mEPSCs. Despite these differences in protrusion morphology and synaptic transmission, the latter likely attributable to presynaptic effects, calcium event rate and amplitude recorded in pyramidal neurons in organotypic cultures were not altered by Y-P30 treatment. Together, our data suggest that Y-P30 has the capacity to decelerate spinogenesis and to promote morphological, but not synaptic, maturation of dendritic protrusions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Direct effects of Ca2+/calmodulin on actin filament formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:355-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
12
|
Sui S, Tian J, Gauba E, Wang Q, Guo L, Du H. Cyclophilin D regulates neuronal activity-induced filopodiagenesis by fine-tuning dendritic mitochondrial calcium dynamics. J Neurochem 2018; 146:403-415. [PMID: 29900530 PMCID: PMC6107423 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the role of mitochondria in dendritic protrusion growth and plasticity. However, the detailed mechanisms that mitochondria regulate dendritic filopodia morphogenesis remain elusive. Cyclophilin D (CypD, gene name: Ppif) controls the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Although the pathological relevance of CypD has been intensively investigated, little is known about its physiological function in neurons. Here, we have found that genetic depletion of or pharmaceutical inhibition of CypD blunts the outgrowth of dendritic filopodia in response to KCl-stimulated neuronal depolarization. Further cell biological studies suggest that such inhibitory effect of CypD loss-of-function is closely associated with compromised flexibility of dendritic mitochondrial calcium regulation during neuronal depolarization, as well as the resultant changes in intradendritic calcium homeostasis, calcium signaling activation, dendritic mitochondrial motility and redistribution. Interestingly, loss of CypD attenuates oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial calcium perturbations and dendritic protrusion injury. Therefore, our study has revealed the physiological function of CypD in dendritic plasticity by acting as a fine-tuner of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. Moreover, CypD plays distinct roles in neuronal physiology and pathology. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14189.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaomei Sui
- AD Center, Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. 250014
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas. 75080
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas. 75080
| | - Esha Gauba
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas. 75080
| | - Qi Wang
- AD Center, Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. 250014
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas. 75080
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas. 75080
| | - Heng Du
- AD Center, Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. 250014
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, Texas. 75080
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Muthusamy B, Selvan LDN, Nguyen TT, Manoj J, Stawiski EW, Jaiswal BS, Wang W, Raja R, Ramprasad VL, Gupta R, Murugan S, Kadandale JS, Prasad TSK, Reddy K, Peterson A, Pandey A, Seshagiri S, Girimaji SC, Gowda H. Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Novel Mutations in X-linked Intellectual Disability. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 21:295-303. [PMID: 28481730 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Robust diagnostics for many human genetic disorders are much needed in the pursuit of global personalized medicine. Next-generation sequencing now offers new promise for biomarker and diagnostic discovery, in developed as well as resource-limited countries. In this broader global health context, X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) is an inherited genetic disorder that is associated with a range of phenotypes impacting societies in both developed and developing countries. Although intellectual disability arises due to diverse causes, a substantial proportion is caused by genomic alterations. Studies have identified causal XLID genomic alterations in more than 100 protein-coding genes located on the X-chromosome. However, the causes for a substantial number of intellectual disability and associated phenotypes still remain unknown. Identification of causative genes and novel mutations will help in early diagnosis as well as genetic counseling of families. Advent of next-generation sequencing methods has accelerated the discovery of new genes involved in mental health disorders. In this study, we analyzed the exomes of three families from India with nonsyndromic XLID comprising seven affected individuals. The affected individuals had varying degrees of intellectual disability, microcephaly, and delayed motor and language milestones. We identified potential causal variants in three XLID genes, including PAK3 (V294M), CASK (complex structural variant), and MECP2 (P354T). Our findings reported in this study extend the spectrum of mutations and phenotypes associated with XLID, and calls for further studies of intellectual disability and mental health disorders with use of next-generation sequencing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babylakshmi Muthusamy
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,2 Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University , Puducherry, India
| | | | - Thong T Nguyen
- 3 Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California
| | - Jesna Manoj
- 4 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NIMHANS , Bangalore, India
| | - Eric W Stawiski
- 3 Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California.,5 Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California
| | - Bijay S Jaiswal
- 3 Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California
| | - Weiru Wang
- 6 Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California
| | - Remya Raja
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | | | - T S Keshava Prasad
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,9 YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India .,10 NIMHANS-IOB Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences , Bangalore, India
| | - Kavita Reddy
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Andrew Peterson
- 3 Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- 11 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,12 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,13 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Somasekar Seshagiri
- 3 Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Harsha Gowda
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,9 YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Saied-Santiago K, Bülow HE. Diverse roles for glycosaminoglycans in neural patterning. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:54-74. [PMID: 28736980 PMCID: PMC5866094 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system coordinates the functions of most multicellular organisms and their response to the surrounding environment. Its development involves concerted cellular interactions, including migration, axon guidance, and synapse formation. These processes depend on the molecular constituents and structure of the extracellular matrices (ECM). An essential component of ECMs are proteoglycans, i.e., proteins containing unbranched glycan chains known as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). A defining characteristic of GAGs is their enormous molecular diversity, created by extensive modifications of the glycans during their biosynthesis. GAGs are widely expressed, and their loss can lead to catastrophic neuronal defects. Despite their importance, we are just beginning to understand the function and mechanisms of GAGs in neuronal development. In this review, we discuss recent evidence suggesting GAGs have specific roles in neuronal patterning and synaptogenesis. We examine the function played by the complex modifications present on GAG glycans and their roles in regulating different aspects of neuronal patterning. Moreover, the review considers the function of proteoglycan core proteins in these processes, stressing their likely role as co-receptors of different signaling pathways in a redundant and context-dependent manner. We conclude by discussing challenges and future directions toward a better understanding of these fascinating molecules during neuronal development. Developmental Dynamics 247:54-74, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannes E. Bülow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sah N, Peterson BD, Lubejko ST, Vivar C, van Praag H. Running reorganizes the circuitry of one-week-old adult-born hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10903. [PMID: 28883658 PMCID: PMC5589841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is an important form of structural and functional plasticity in the mature mammalian brain. The existing consensus is that GABA regulates the initial integration of adult-born neurons, similar to neuronal development during embryogenesis. Surprisingly, virus-based anatomical tracing revealed that very young, one-week-old, new granule cells in male C57Bl/6 mice receive input not only from GABAergic interneurons, but also from multiple glutamatergic cell types, including mature dentate granule cells, area CA1-3 pyramidal cells and mossy cells. Consistently, patch-clamp recordings from retrovirally labeled new granule cells at 7-8 days post retroviral injection (dpi) show that these cells respond to NMDA application with tonic currents, and that both electrical and optogenetic stimulation can evoke NMDA-mediated synaptic responses. Furthermore, new dentate granule cell number, morphology and excitatory synaptic inputs at 7 dpi are modified by voluntary wheel running. Overall, glutamatergic and GABAergic innervation of newly born neurons in the adult hippocampus develops concurrently, and excitatory input is reorganized by exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirnath Sah
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Benjamin D Peterson
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Susan T Lubejko
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Carmen Vivar
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neuroplasticity, Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Arp2/3 Complex Is Essential for Distinct Stages of Spine Synapse Maturation, Including Synapse Unsilencing. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9696-709. [PMID: 27629719 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0876-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dendritic filopodia are actin-rich structures that are thought to contribute to early spine synapse formation; however, the actin regulatory proteins important for early synaptogenesis are poorly defined. Using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and primary neuron hippocampal cultures from Arp2/3 conditional knock-out mice, we analyze the roles of the Arp2/3 complex, an actin regulator that creates branched actin networks, and demonstrate it is essential for distinct stages of both structural and functional maturation of excitatory spine synapses. Our data show that initially the Arp2/3 complex inhibits the formation of dendritic filopodia but that later during development, the Arp2/3 complex drives the morphological maturation from filopodia to typical spine morphology. Furthermore, we demonstrate that although the Arp2/3 complex is not required for key spine maturation steps, such as presynaptic contact and recruitment of MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase) scaffolding proteins or NMDA receptors, it is necessary for the recruitment of AMPA receptors. This latter process, also known as synapse unsilencing, is a final and essential step in the neurodevelopment of excitatory postsynaptic synaptogenesis, setting the stage for neuronal interconnectivity. These findings provide the first evidence that the Arp2/3 complex is directly involved in functional maturation of dendritic spines during the developmental period of spinogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Excitatory spine synapse formation (spinogenesis) is a poorly understood yet pivotal period of neurodevelopment that occurs within 2-3 weeks after birth. Neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability and autism are characterized by abnormal spine structure, which may arise from abnormal excitatory synaptogenesis. The initial stage of spinogenesis is thought to begin with the emergence of actin-rich dendritic filopodia that initiate contact with presynaptic axonal boutons. However, it remains enigmatic how actin cytoskeletal regulation directs dendritic filopodial emergence or their subsequent maturation into dendritic spines during development and on into adulthood. In this study, we provide the first evidence that the Arp2/3 complex, a key actin nucleator, is involved in distinct stages of spine formation and is required for synapse unsilencing.
Collapse
|
17
|
Adrian M, Kusters R, Storm C, Hoogenraad CC, Kapitein LC. Probing the Interplay between Dendritic Spine Morphology and Membrane-Bound Diffusion. Biophys J 2017; 113:2261-2270. [PMID: 28750887 PMCID: PMC5700248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are protrusions along neuronal dendrites that harbor the majority of excitatory postsynapses. Their distinct morphology, often featuring a bulbous head and small neck that connects to the dendritic shaft, has been shown to facilitate compartmentalization of electrical and cytoplasmic signaling stimuli elicited at the synapse. The extent to which spine morphology also forms a barrier for membrane-bound diffusion has remained unclear. Recent simulations suggested that especially the diameter of the spine neck plays a limiting role in this process. Here, we examine the connection between spine morphology and membrane-bound diffusion through a combination of photoconversion, live-cell superresolution experiments, and numerical simulations. Local photoconversion was used to obtain the timescale of diffusive equilibration in spines and followed by global sparse photoconversion to determine spine morphologies with nanoscopic resolution. These morphologies were subsequently used to assess the role of morphology on the diffusive equilibration. From the simulations, we could determine a robust relation between the equilibration timescale and a generalized shape factor calculated using both spine neck width and neck length, as well as spine head size. Experimentally, we found that diffusive equilibration was often slower, but rarely faster than predicted from the simulations, indicating that other biological confounders further reduce membrane-bound diffusion in these spines. This shape-dependent membrane-bound diffusion in mature spines may contribute to spine-specific compartmentalization of neurotransmitter receptors and signaling molecules and thereby support long-term plasticity of synaptic contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Adrian
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Remy Kusters
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Storm
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hertler B, Buitrago M, Luft A, Hosp J. Temporal course of gene expression during motor memory formation in primary motor cortex of rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 136:105-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
19
|
Hu HT, Umemori H, Hsueh YP. Postsynaptic SDC2 induces transsynaptic signaling via FGF22 for bidirectional synaptic formation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33592. [PMID: 27627962 PMCID: PMC5024341 DOI: 10.1038/srep33592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional synapse formation requires tight coordination between pre- and post-synaptic termini. Previous studies have shown that postsynaptic expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-2 (SDC2) induces dendritic spinogenesis. Those SDC2-induced dendritic spines are frequently associated with presynaptic termini. However, how postsynaptic SDC2 accelerates maturation of corresponding presynaptic termini is unknown. Because fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22), a heparan sulfate binding growth factor, has been shown to act as a presynaptic organizer released from the postsynaptic site, it seems possible that postsynaptic SDC2 presents FGF22 to the presynaptic FGF receptor to promote presynaptic differentiation. Here, we show that postsynaptic SDC2 uses its ectodomain to interact with and facilitate dendritic filopodial targeting of FGF22, triggering presynaptic maturation. Since SDC2 also enhances filopodial targeting of NMDAR via interaction with the CASK-mLIN7-MINT1 adaptor complex, presynaptic maturation promoted by FGF22 further feeds back to activate NMDAR at corresponding postsynaptic sites through increased neurotransmitter release and, consequently, promotes the dendritic filopodia-spines (F-S) transition. Meanwhile, via regulation of the KIF17 motor, CaMKII (activated by the NMDAR pathway) may further facilitate FGF22 targeting to dendritic filopodia that receive presynaptic stimulation. Our study suggests a positive feedback that promotes the coordination of postsynaptic and presynaptic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Tang Hu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hisashi Umemori
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Regulation of the Postsynaptic Compartment of Excitatory Synapses by the Actin Cytoskeleton in Health and Its Disruption in Disease. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:2371970. [PMID: 27127658 PMCID: PMC4835652 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2371970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of synaptic function at excitatory synapses is one of the earliest pathological changes seen in wide range of neurological diseases. The proper control of the segregation of neurotransmitter receptors at these synapses is directly correlated with the intact regulation of the postsynaptic cytoskeleton. In this review, we are discussing key factors that regulate the structure and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, the major cytoskeletal building block that supports the postsynaptic compartment. Special attention is given to the complex interplay of actin-associated proteins that are found in the synaptic specialization. We then discuss our current understanding of how disruption of these cytoskeletal elements may contribute to the pathological events observed in the nervous system under disease conditions with a particular focus on Alzheimer's disease pathology.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu HT, Shih PY, Shih YT, Hsueh YP. The Involvement of Neuron-Specific Factors in Dendritic Spinogenesis: Molecular Regulation and Association with Neurological Disorders. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:5136286. [PMID: 26819769 PMCID: PMC4706964 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5136286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are the location of excitatory synapses in the mammalian nervous system and are neuron-specific subcellular structures essential for neural circuitry and function. Dendritic spine morphology is determined by the F-actin cytoskeleton. F-actin remodeling must coordinate with different stages of dendritic spinogenesis, starting from dendritic filopodia formation to the filopodia-spines transition and dendritic spine maturation and maintenance. Hundreds of genes, including F-actin cytoskeleton regulators, membrane proteins, adaptor proteins, and signaling molecules, are known to be involved in regulating synapse formation. Many of these genes are not neuron-specific, but how they specifically control dendritic spine formation in neurons is an intriguing question. Here, we summarize how ubiquitously expressed genes, including syndecan-2, NF1 (encoding neurofibromin protein), VCP, and CASK, and the neuron-specific gene CTTNBP2 coordinate with neurotransmission, transsynaptic signaling, and cytoskeleton rearrangement to control dendritic filopodia formation, filopodia-spines transition, and dendritic spine maturation and maintenance. The aforementioned genes have been associated with neurological disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), mental retardation, learning difficulty, and frontotemporal dementia. We also summarize the corresponding disorders in this report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Tang Hu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Yun Shih
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Shih
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Roux C, Aligny C, Lesueur C, Girault V, Brunel V, Ramdani Y, Genty D, Driouich A, Laquerrière A, Marret S, Brasse-Lagnel C, Gonzalez BJ, Bekri S. NMDA receptor blockade in the developing cortex induces autophagy-mediated death of immature cortical GABAergic interneurons: An ex vivo and in vivo study in Gad67-GFP mice. Exp Neurol 2015; 267:177-93. [PMID: 25795167 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In neonates, excitotoxicity is a major process involved in hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions, and several research groups have suggested the use of NMDA antagonists for neuroprotection. However, despite their clinical interest, there is more and more evidence suggesting that, in the immature brain, these molecules exert deleterious actions on migrating GABAergic interneurons by suppressing glutamatergic trophic inputs. Consequently, preventing the side effects of NMDA antagonists would be therapeutically useful. Because macroautophagy is involved in the adaptive response to trophic deprivation, the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of autophagy modulators on the MK801-induced death of immature GABAergic interneurons and to characterize the crosstalk between autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms in this cell type. Ex vivo, using cortical slices from NMRI and Gad67-GFP mice, we show that blockade of the NMDA receptor results in an accumulation of autophagosomes due to the disruption of the autophagic flux. This effect precedes the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and the degeneration of immature GABAergic neurons present in developing cortical layers II-IV and is prevented by 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor. In contrast, modulators of autophagy (3-MA, rapamycin) do not interfere with the anti-excitotoxic and neuroprotective effect of MK801 observed in deep layers V and VI. In vivo, 3-MA blocks the rapid increase in caspase-3 cleavage induced by the blockade of NMDA receptors and prevents the resulting long-term decrease in Gad67-GFP neurons in layers II-IV. Together, these data suggest that, in the developing cortex, the suppression of glutamatergic inputs through NMDA receptor inhibition results in the impairment of the autophagic flux and the subsequent switch to apoptotic death of immature GABAergic interneurons. The concomitant inhibition of autophagy prevents this pro-apoptotic action of the NMDA blocker and favors the long-term rescue of GABAergic interneurons without interfering with its neuroprotective actions. The use of autophagy modulators in the developing brain would create new opportunities to prevent the side effects of NMDA antagonists used for neuroprotection or anesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roux
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Aligny
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Lesueur
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Virginie Girault
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Valery Brunel
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Yasmina Ramdani
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Damien Genty
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Research Platform of Cell Imagery (PRIMACEN), France; Laboratory of Glycobiology and Plant Extracellular Matrix (GLYCOMEV) EA 4358, France
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Carole Brasse-Lagnel
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno J Gonzalez
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France.
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Anjum R, Ayoubian H, Schmitz F. Differential synaptic distribution of the scaffold proteins Cask and Caskin1 in the bovine retina. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 62:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
24
|
Aligny C, Roux C, Dourmap N, Ramdani Y, Do-Rego JC, Jégou S, Leroux P, Leroux-Nicollet I, Marret S, Gonzalez BJ. Ketamine alters cortical integration of GABAergic interneurons and induces long-term sex-dependent impairments in transgenic Gad67-GFP mice. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1311. [PMID: 24991763 PMCID: PMC4123069 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, widely used as an anesthetic in neonatal pediatrics, is also an illicit drug named Super K or KitKat consumed by teens and young adults. In the immature brain, despite several studies indicating that NMDA antagonists are neuroprotective against excitotoxic injuries, there is more and more evidence indicating that these molecules exert a deleterious effect by suppressing a trophic function of glutamate. In the present study, we show using Gad67-GFP mice that prenatal exposure to ketamine during a time-window in which GABAergic precursors are migrating results in (i) strong apoptotic death in the ganglionic eminences and along the migratory routes of GABAergic interneurons; (ii) long-term deficits in interneuron density, dendrite numbers and spine morphology; (iii) a sex-dependent deregulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and GABA transporter expression; (iv) sex-dependent changes in the response to glutamate-induced calcium mobilization; and (v) the long-term sex-dependent behavioral impairment of locomotor activity. In conclusion, using a preclinical approach, the present study shows that ketamine exposure during cortical maturation durably affects the integration of GABAergic interneurons by reducing their survival and differentiation. The resulting molecular, morphological and functional modifications are associated with sex-specific behavioral deficits in adults. In light of the present data, it appears that in humans, ketamine could be deleterious for the development of the brain of preterm neonates and fetuses of addicted pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Aligny
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - C Roux
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - N Dourmap
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Y Ramdani
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - J-C Do-Rego
- Behavioural Analysis Facility, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - S Jégou
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - P Leroux
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - I Leroux-Nicollet
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - S Marret
- 1] ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France [2] Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - B J Gonzalez
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|