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Su Y, Liu G, Hou H, Peng Y, Wang J. Development of a Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Microsphere-Based Signal Amplified Semi-Homogeneous Method for Multidetection of Five Progestins in Milk. Foods 2023; 12:2818. [PMID: 37569089 PMCID: PMC10417076 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The residues of progestins in milk are significant risk factors for teenage acne and may cause hormone-dependent cancers in consumers, so the determination of these residues in milk is very important. However, an immunoassay or immunoassay-like method capable of determining multiple progestins in milk has not been reported so far. The present study, for the first time, synthesized a type of magnetic molecularly imprinted microsphere that was capable of simultaneously recognizing five progestins. At the same time, an enzyme labeled conjugate was synthesized by coupling progesterone 3-(o-carboxymethyl)oxime with streptavidinated horseradish peroxidase. The above two reagents were used to develop a semi-homogeneous method for the simultaneous detection of the residues of the five progestins in milk. During the experiments, biotinylated horseradish peroxidase was used to amplify the signal, so the sensitivity to the five drugs (limits of detection 0.04-0.1 pg/mL) was increased 44-75-fold. In addition, the magnetic molecularly imprinted microsphere could be regenerated four times by using simple elution. Through general comparison of its detection spectrum, sensitivity, simplicity, and reusability, the present method exhibited better performance than the previous immunoassays for the detection of progestins, and so it could be used as a routine tool for the screening of progestins residues in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.S.); (G.L.); (H.H.); (Y.P.)
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Cloteau C, Dervilly G, Loup B, Delcourt V, Kaabia Z, Bagilet F, Groseille G, Dauriac K, Fisher S, Popot MA, Garcia P, Le Bizec B, Bailly-Chouriberry L. Performance assessment of an equine metabolomics model for screening a range of anabolic agents. Metabolomics 2023; 19:38. [PMID: 37027080 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite their ban, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are considered as the most important threat for equine doping purposes. In the context of controlling such practices in horse racing, metabolomics has emerged as a promising alternative strategy to study the effect of a substance on metabolism and to discover new relevant biomarkers of effect. Based on the monitoring of 4 metabolomics derived candidate biomarkers in urine, a prediction model to screen for testosterone esters abuse was previously developed. The present work focuses on assessing the robustness of the associated method and define its scope of application. MATERIALS AND METHODS Several hundred urine samples were selected from 14 different horses of ethically approved administration studies involving various doping agents' (AAS, SARMS, β-agonists, SAID, NSAID) (328 urine samples). In addition, 553 urine samples from untreated horses of doping control population were included in the study. Samples were characterized with the previously described LC-HRMS/MS method, with the objective of assessing both its biological and analytical robustness. RESULTS The study concluded that the measurement of the 4 biomarkers involved in the model was fit for purpose. Further, the classification model confirmed its effectiveness in screening for testosterone esters use; and it demonstrated its ability to screen for the misuse of other anabolic agents, allowing the development of a global screening tool dedicated to this class of substances. Finally, the results were compared to a direct screening method targeting anabolic agents demonstrating complementary performances of traditional and omics approaches in the screening of anabolic agents in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cloteau
- LABERCA, ONIRIS, INRAE, 44300, Nantes, France.
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), 91370, Verrières Le Buisson, France.
| | - G Dervilly
- LABERCA, ONIRIS, INRAE, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - B Loup
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), 91370, Verrières Le Buisson, France
| | - V Delcourt
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), 91370, Verrières Le Buisson, France
| | - Z Kaabia
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), 91370, Verrières Le Buisson, France
| | - F Bagilet
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), 91370, Verrières Le Buisson, France
| | - G Groseille
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), 91370, Verrières Le Buisson, France
| | - K Dauriac
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), 91370, Verrières Le Buisson, France
| | - S Fisher
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), 91370, Verrières Le Buisson, France
| | - M A Popot
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), 91370, Verrières Le Buisson, France
| | - P Garcia
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), 91370, Verrières Le Buisson, France
| | - B Le Bizec
- LABERCA, ONIRIS, INRAE, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - L Bailly-Chouriberry
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), 91370, Verrières Le Buisson, France
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3
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From targeted methods to metabolomics based strategies to screen for growth promoters misuse in horseracing and livestock: A review. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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4
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Moussa F, Doumiati S, Bernabò N, Barboni B, Jaber F, Mokh S. Hormones residues in bovine animals: Sampling, analysis and health risk assessment. Steroids 2022; 181:108994. [PMID: 35245532 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.108994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of hormones for breeding animal livestock has been banned since 1981 under the Council Directive 81/602/EC. So far, each country should monitor the use of anabolic hormones in animal production to protect the consumer's health against these unwanted residues. This paper presents the research results on steroid and non-steroid hormones residues carried out in Lebanon from 2018 to 2020. Using a newly developed and validated LC-MS/MS method, the detection and the quantification of hormones in bovine matrices were done. The targeted matrices were muscle, liver, kidney, and bile. A total of two-hundred and forty-seven samples were collected from different slaughterhouses located in six different cities in Lebanon. Interestingly, only four hormones were found: testosterone, progesterone, epitestosterone, and 6 propyl 2thiouracil. Based on the obtained data, the estimated daily intake, hazard quotient, and hazard index were calculated to evaluate an exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadl Moussa
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Samah Doumiati
- Faculty of Public Health- I - Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Nicola Bernabò
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Farouk Jaber
- National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO), Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
| | - Samia Mokh
- Faculty of Public Health- I - Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon; National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO), Beirut, Lebanon.
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5
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Rocha DG, Lana MAG, Dracz S, da Silva RR, de Assis DCS, da Silva MC, Augusti R, Faria AF. Can Serum be a Match for Urine in the Regulatory Analysis of Boldenone in Cattle? A Systematic Comparison Between Detection Window, Stability, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5528-5535. [PMID: 33970002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work involved a systematic comparison between serum and urine for the monitoring of anabolic androgenic steroids in livestock. Incurred samples were collected over 120 days from crossbred steers treated with intramuscular injections containing boldenone undecylenate. Independent high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) methods were used for the assessment of the respective detection windows, which were larger for serum samples. Both matrices presented adequate performance in terms of long-term stability, assessed using an isochronous approach during 196 days at -20 °C and for five freeze-thaw cycles. The effectiveness of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction using Helix pomatia juice was also compared. The calculated concentrations in serum samples were not statistically influenced by the deconjugation reaction. On the other hand, urine hydrolysis conditions were studied using a 33 Box-Behnken Design, in which a central point condition led to a satisfactory deconjugation performance. It could be observed that serum exhibited equivalent or better performance than urine for most of the evaluated criteria; thus, its inclusion in the regulatory analysis of boldenone in cattle is supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G Rocha
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG31270-901, Brazil
- Federal Laboratory of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Av. Rômulo Joviano s/n, Pedro Leopoldo, MG 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Mary Ane G Lana
- Federal Laboratory of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Av. Rômulo Joviano s/n, Pedro Leopoldo, MG 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Dracz
- Federal Laboratory of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Av. Rômulo Joviano s/n, Pedro Leopoldo, MG 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Rosemary R da Silva
- Federal Laboratory of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Av. Rômulo Joviano s/n, Pedro Leopoldo, MG 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Débora C S de Assis
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Mariana C da Silva
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rodinei Augusti
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Faria
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG31270-901, Brazil
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Lišková M, Čačková K, Rejtharová M. New approach to derivatisation for oestradiol esters detection in animal blood plasma using negative chemical ionisation GC-MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1157-1168. [PMID: 33955829 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1916095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In 1996, the EU prohibited the use of substances with anabolic action for food-producing animals (EU Directive 96/22/EC). In cases of illegal use of steroid hormones, these substances are usually applied to the animals in the form of esters. The reliable determination of intact steroid esters in animal tissues or body fluids is an unequivocal proof of illegal treatment of animals with EU prohibited anabolic substances. Previously our laboratory developed a sensitive method for determination of oestradiol benzoate and other steroid esters in blood plasma using LC-MS/MS, validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. This study describes a GC-MS method which has been developed for five oestradiol esters in blood plasma. The sample preparation procedure consisted of protein precipitation, phospholipids removal and cleaning on an alumina column. Oestradiol esters were derivatised with 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFBCl) and pyridine in dichloromethane. The measurement of oestradiol esters was carried out by GC-MS/NCI with Cool On-Column injection. Methane was used as a negative chemical ionisation reagent gas. The method for determination of oestradiol esters in blood plasma has been validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Decision limits for all analytes were observed below 0.05 ng mL-1. The method is robust for bovine and porcine plasma analyses and can be applied both for screening and confirmatory determination in routine residue monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Lišková
- National Reference Laboratory for residues of banned substances, ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Čačková
- National Reference Laboratory for residues of banned substances, ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Rejtharová
- National Reference Laboratory for residues of banned substances, ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
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Matraszek-Zuchowska I, Wozniak B, Sielska K, Posyniak A. Determination of selected testosterone esters in blood serum of slaughter animals by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Steroids 2020; 163:108723. [PMID: 32882255 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic hormones, which cause muscle growth, have been banned for anabolic purposes in animal husbandry in Europe since the 1980s. Control of hormones from the list of Annex I to Directive 96/23/EC is mandatory in the European Union. The presence of hormones in samples of animal origin may be due to their endogeneous nature or illegal use. One way to distinguish their origin is to study hormones, particularly steroids in the form of ester derivatives. In the body synthetic hormone esters could be only exogenous therefore their detection in animal tissues is the undisputed evidence of illegal administration. The analytical procedure involves the extraction of esters from serum with organic solvents, derivatisation with methoxyamine and detection by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The method was approved in accordance with the applicable legislative criteria and its effectiveness was verified in the proficiency test. The research material consisted of bovine serum samples officially taken. During the validation good apparent recovery, precision, decision limits and detection capabilities in the range 0.006-0.012 µg L-1 and 0.010-0.020 µg L-1 respectively were obtained. The developed method met the criteria for confirmation set out in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Since the inclusion of serum in 2018 for testing for testosterone esters in the National Residue Control Program, 130 samples have been examined. In none of the serum samples, esters above the decision limits were found. The control of animals and food of animal origin for hormone esters will be continued to ensure the health and safety of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Matraszek-Zuchowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Barbara Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Sielska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Posyniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
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8
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Rocha DG, Lana MAG, de Assis DCS, Cançado SV, Augusti R, Faria AF. Determination of steroids in bovine hair: Validation of a microwave-assisted chemical derivatization method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and in vivo studies. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:1078-1086. [PMID: 32384229 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hair analysis has attracted great attention in the regulatory analysis of food-producing animals, particularly due to the wider detection window of veterinary drugs in this matrix and also the possibility of confirming parent drugs with minimum metabolization. This work involved the development and validation of a quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to determine 25 steroids and steroid esters in bovine hair. Sensitivity was improved using a fast and effective microwave-assisted chemical derivatization with methoxyamine hydrochloride. The validation was conducted in accordance with the Decision 657/2002/EC guidelines. An animal experimentation procedure was performed on 12 bovine animals in which two commercial formulations containing boldenone undecylenate and testosterone propionate were administrated via intramuscular injections on the neck. The samples were collected for 78 days in which the detection of the administrated analytes was only observed near the application sites. For some of the monitored days, no analyte was detected on the neck area. Since the migration of the analytes was not observed in areas other than the application site, false-negative results should be carefully considered when monitoring animal hair samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Federal Laboratory of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil
| | - Mary Ane G Lana
- Federal Laboratory of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora C S de Assis
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvana V Cançado
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodinei Augusti
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Faria
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Control of Residues of Thyreostats in Slaughter Animals in Poland in 2011-2017. J Vet Res 2019; 62:511-517. [PMID: 30729210 PMCID: PMC6364168 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the European Union, the use of thyreostatic drugs for fattening slaughter animals has been banned since 1981 under Council Directive 81/602/EEC. For protection of consumer health against unwanted residues and in compliance with Directive 96/23, each EU country must monitor thyreostats in samples of animal origin. This paper presents the results of research on thyreostatic residues carried out in Poland in 2011–2017. Material and Methods The material for testing was urine (n = 3,491), drinking water (n = 127), and muscle samples (n = 349) officially collected by Veterinary Sanitary Inspectors in slaughterhouses and farms throughout the country in accordance with the national residue control plan. The samples were examined for the presence of tapazole, thiouracil, methylthiouracil, propylthiouracil, and phenylthiouracil using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry through an accredited method. Results In four bovine and three porcine urine samples, the permissible thiouracil concentration was exceeded. In one sample of porcine urine, methyl- and propylthiouracil were found. The presence of thiouracil and its derivatives in urine samples is most likely due to feeding animals diet containing cruciferous plants. Conclusions The results of research indicate that thyreostats are not used for anabolic purposes in slaughter animals in Poland.
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Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Ameliorates Cardiac Toxicity Induced by Boldenone Undecylenate through Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase and Reduction in the Expression of NOX2 and NOX4. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9434385. [PMID: 30116498 PMCID: PMC6079374 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9434385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of anabolic androgenic steroids on the cardiovascular system is poorly understood. Increased production of free radicals is coupled to the pathophysiology of many alterations within the circulatory system. The only function of the enzyme family NADPH oxidases (NOXs) is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, this study investigated the beneficial role of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in ameliorating cardiac toxicity induced by the anabolic steroid Boldenone in male rats through NOX inhibition and reduction in the expression of NOX2 and NOX4. This study was conducted on forty male rats which are divided into four groups (normal control, positive control or GSPE, Boldenone, and posttreatment Boldenone with GSPE). A significant increase in relative body weight, relative heart weight, and hemodynamic parameters, as well as serum concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-muscle brain, myoglobin, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, risk factor 1/2, K+, and Cl−, in treated rats with Boldenone when compared with control. We also noted a significant increase in the levels of cardiac malondialdehyde, H2O2 generation in heart tissues, mRNA expression of NOX2 and NOX4, and immunoreactivity to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Posttreated rats with Boldenone and GSPE ameliorated cardiac toxicity via inhibition of NOX and a reduction in alteration of the expression of NOX2, NOX4, and PCNA induced by Boldenone. These novel insights into the antioxidative activity of GSPE should serve as a basis for the development of improved chemopreventive or therapeutic strategies for cardiac toxicity.
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11
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Elmasry TA, Al-Shaalan NH, Tousson E, El-Morshedy K, Al-Ghadeer A. Star anise extracts modulation of reproductive parameters, fertility potential and DNA fragmentation induced by growth promoter Equigan in rat testes. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000117261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kadreya El-Morshedy
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia; Tanta University, Egypt
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12
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Levels of the natural hormones 17β-oestradiol and testosterone in serum of cattle: results from population studies in Poland. J Vet Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2016-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The present study is a comprehensive overview of the natural occurrence of 17β-oestradiol and testosterone in serum of cattle in Poland. Material and Methods: The serum samples (n = 826) were collected from cattle within five years. The samples were examined for the presence of oestradiol and testosterone using ELISA or gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Results: In 98 samples (24%) 17β-oestradiol was detected above decision limits of applied methods, including five samples over the recommended concentration of 0.1 μg L-1. Of the serum samples taken from cows (≤18 months of age), 95 and 99 percentiles of the animals had 17β-oestradiol concentration below 0.027 and 0.086 μg L-1 and of samples from cows over 18 months of age - below 0.059 and 0.125 μg L-1 respectively. Calculated values for bulls (≤18 months of age) were 0.025 and 0.034 μg L-1 and for the animals older than 18 months of age - 0.035 and 0.041 μg L-1. The natural presence of testosterone was detected in 201 serum samples (48.7%). According to the obtained data, 95% and 99% of cows (≤18 months of age) serum samples had testosterone concentration below 0.05 and 0.23 μg L-1 and the animals over 18 months of age - 0.30 and 0.49 μg L-1, respectively. For bulls these values did not depend on the age of the animals and were in the ranges of 5 - 6.3 μg L-1 (95%) and 11.4 - 12.1 μg L-1 (99%). Conclusion: Our study showed that the threshold values for these hormones in plasma of cattle designated years ago are correct, but they need to be supplemented for animals older than 18 months.
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Chiesa L, Panseri S, Cannizzo FT, Biolatti B, Divari S, Benevelli R, Arioli F, Pavlovic R. Evaluation of nandrolone and ractopamine in the urine of veal calves: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach. Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:561-570. [PMID: 27448217 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Under European legislation, the use of growth promoters is forbidden in food-producing livestock. The application of unofficial protocols with diverse combinations of veterinary drugs, administered in very low concentrations, hinders reliable detection and subsequent operative prevention. It was observed that nandrolone (anabolic steroid) and ractopamine (β-adrenergic agonist) are occasionally administered to animals, but little is known about their synergic action when they are administered together. Two specific analytical methods based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry have been developed, both of which include hydrolysis of the corresponding conjugates. For the nandrolone method, solid-phase extraction was necessary for the complete elimination of the interferences, while employment of the Quantitation Enhanced Data-Dependent scan mode during MS acquisition of ractopamine enabled the utilization of simple liquid-liquid extraction. The nandrolone method was linear in the range of 0.5-25 ng/mL, while the ractopamine calibration curve was constructed from 0.5 to 1000 ng/mL. The corresponding coefficients of correlations were >0.9907. The lower limit of quantification for both methods was 0.5 ng/mL, followed by overall recoveries >81%. Precisions expressed as relative standard deviations were <17%, while matrix effects were minimal. Urine samples taken at the slaughterhouse from veal calves enrolled in an experimental treatment consisting of intramuscular administration of β-nandrolone-phenylpropionate accompanied with a ractopamine-enriched diet were analysed. Those methods might be useful for studying the elimination patterns of the administered compounds along with characterization of the main metabolic pathways. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F T Cannizzo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - B Biolatti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - S Divari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - R Benevelli
- Quinto Valore S.c.a.r.l., Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - F Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - R Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
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Abstract
Sensitive and reliable analysis of endogenous compounds is critically important for many physiological and pathological studies. Methods based on LC–MS have progressed to become the method of choice for analyzing endogenous compounds. However, the analysis can be challenging due to various factors, including inherent low concentrations in biological samples, low ionization efficiency, undesirable chromatographic behavior and interferences of complex biological. The integration of chemical derivatization with LC–MS could enhance its capabilities in sensitivity and selectivity, and extend its application to a wider range of analytes. In this article, we will review the derivatization strategies in the LC–MS analysis of various endogenous compounds, and provide applications highlighting the impact of these important techniques in the evaluation of pathological events.
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Analysis of glucuronide and sulfate steroids in urine by ultra-high-performance supercritical-fluid chromatography hyphenated tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4473-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Doué M, Dervilly-Pinel G, Gicquiau A, Pouponneau K, Monteau F, Le Bizec B. High Throughput Identification and Quantification of Anabolic Steroid Esters by Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Mass Spectrometry for Efficient Screening of Drug Preparations. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5649-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Doué
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus
et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, CS 50707, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Gaud Dervilly-Pinel
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus
et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, CS 50707, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Audrey Gicquiau
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus
et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, CS 50707, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Karinne Pouponneau
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus
et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, CS 50707, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Fabrice Monteau
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus
et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, CS 50707, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus
et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, CS 50707, Nantes, F-44307, France
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Maughan RJ. Quality assurance issues in the use of dietary supplements, with special reference to protein supplements. J Nutr 2013; 143:1843S-1847S. [PMID: 24027186 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.176651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of dietary supplements is widespread in the general population, in athletes and recreational exercisers, and in military personnel. A wide array of supplements is available, but protein-containing products are consistently among the most popular, especially among those who engage in resistance training. There are significant risks associated with the use of unregulated dietary supplements. Risks include the absence of active ingredients, the presence of harmful substances (including microbiological agents and foreign objects), the presence of toxic agents, and the presence of potentially dangerous prescription-only pharmaceuticals. There is ample evidence of athletes who have failed doping tests because of the use of dietary supplements. There is also growing evidence of risks to health and of serious adverse events, including a small number of fatalities, as a result of supplement use. The risk associated with the use of protein powders produced by major manufacturers is probably low, and the risk can be further reduced by using only products that have been tested under one of the recognized supplement quality assurance programs that operate in various countries. Nevertheless, a small risk remains, and athletes, soldiers, and other consumers should conduct a cost-benefit analysis before using any dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Maughan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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18
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Simultaneous determination of seven prohibited substances in cosmetic products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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