1
|
Zhang XY, Li YQ, Yin ZH, Bao QN, Xia MZ, Chen ZH, Zhong WQ, Wu KX, Yao J, Liang FR. Supplements for cognitive ability in patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077623. [PMID: 38569691 PMCID: PMC10989123 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the increasing incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) worldwide, there is an urgent need to identify efficacious, safe and convenient treatments. Numerous investigations have been conducted on the use of supplements in this domain, with oral supplementation emerging as a viable therapeutic approach for AD or MCI. Nevertheless, given the multitude of available supplements, it becomes imperative to identify the optimal treatment regimen. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Eight academic databases and three clinical trial registries will be searched from their inception to 1 June 2023. To identify randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of supplements on patients with AD or MCI, two independent reviewers (X-YZ and Y-QL) will extract relevant information from eligible articles, while the risk of bias in the included studies will be assessed using the Rob 2.0 tool developed by the Cochrane Collaboration. The primary outcome of interest is the overall cognitive function. Pair-wise meta-analysis will be conducted using RevMan V.5.3, while network meta-analysis will be carried out using Stata 17.0 and ADDIS 1.16.8. Heterogeneity test, data synthesis and subgroup analysis will be performed if necessary. The GRADE system will be employed to assess the quality of evidence. This study is scheduled to commence on 1 June 2023 and conclude on 1 October 2023. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required for systematic review and network meta-analysis. The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal or at a conference. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO (CRD42023414700).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Qin Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Han Yin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong-Nan Bao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Man-Ze Xia
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan-Qi Zhong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan-Rong Liang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evans-Brown M, Sedefov R. Responding to New Psychoactive Substances in the European Union: Early Warning, Risk Assessment, and Control Measures. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 252:3-49. [PMID: 30194542 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are drugs that are not controlled by the United Nations international drug control conventions of 1961 and 1971 but that may pose similar threats to public health. Many of them are traded as "legal" replacements to controlled drugs such as cannabis, heroin, benzodiazepines, cocaine, amphetamines, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Driven by globalization, there has been a large increase in the availability and, subsequently, harms caused by these substances over the last decade in Europe. The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is monitoring more than 670 NPS that have appeared on Europe's drug market in the last 20 years, of which almost 90% have appeared in the last decade. While some recent policy responses have been successful in reducing availability and sales of these substances in some settings - such as "legal highs" and "research chemicals" sold openly in the high street and online - and there are signs that growth in the market is slowing, new challenges have emerged. This includes monitoring a growing number of highly potent substances - including 179 synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and 28 fentanils - that can pose a high risk of life-threatening poisoning to users and can cause explosive outbreaks. This chapter briefly traces the origins of NPS, provides an overview of the situation in Europe, and discusses the work of the EMCDDA as part of a legal framework of early warning, risk assessment, and control measures that allows the European Union to rapidly detect, assess, and respond to public health and social threats caused by these substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roumen Sedefov
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brandt SD, Kavanagh PV. Addressing the challenges in forensic drug chemistry. Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:342-346. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon D. Brandt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - Pierce V. Kavanagh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital; Dublin 8, D08W9RT Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The application of metabolomics for herbal medicine pharmacovigilance: a case study on ginseng. Essays Biochem 2016; 60:429-435. [PMID: 27980093 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20160030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are growing in popularity, use and commercial value; however, there remain problems with the quality and consequently safety of these products. Adulterated, contaminated and fraudulent products are often found on the market, a risk compounded by the fact that these products are available to consumers with little or no medical advice. Current regulations and quality control methods are lacking in their ability to combat these serious problems. Metabolomics is a biochemical profiling tool that may help address these issues if applied to quality control of both raw ingredients and final products. Using the example of the popular herbal medicine, ginseng, this essay offers an overview of the potential use of metabolomics for quality control in herbal medicines and also highlights where more research is needed.
Collapse
|