1
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Napolioni V, Bianconi F, Potenza R, Carpi FM, Ludovini V, Picciolini M, Tofanetti FR, Bufalari A, Pallotti S, Poggi C, Anile M, Daddi N, Venuta F, Puma F, Vannucci J. Genome-wide expression of the residual lung reacting to experimental Pneumonectomy. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:881. [PMID: 34872491 PMCID: PMC8650537 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute or chronic irreversible respiratory failure may occur in patients undergoing pneumonectomy. Aim of this study was to determine transcriptome expression changes after experimental pneumonectomy in swine model. Experimental left pneumonectomy was performed in five pigs under general anaesthesia. Both the resected and the remaining lung, after 60 post-operative completely uneventful days, underwent genome-wide bulk RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results Histological analysis showed dilation of air spaces and rupture of interalveolar septa. In addition, mild inflammation, no fibrosis, radial stretch of the bronchus, strong enlargement of airspaces and thinning of the blood supply were observed. Bioinformatic analyses of bulk RNA-Seq data identified 553 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) at adjusted P-value below 0.001, between pre- and post-pneumonectomy. The top 10 up-regulated DEGs were Edn1, Areg, Havcr2, Gadd45g, Depp1, Cldn4, Atf3, Myc, Gadd45b, Socs3; the top 10 down-regulated DEGs were Obscn, Cdkn2b, ENSSSCG00000015738, Prrt2, Amer1, Flrt3, Efnb2, Tox3, Znf793, Znf365. Leveraging digital cytometry tools, no difference in cellular abundance was found between the two experimental groups, while the analysis of cell type-specific gene expression patterns highlighted a striking predominance of macrophage-specific genes among the DEGs. DAVID-based gene ontology analysis showed a significant enrichment of “Extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway” (FDR q = 7.60 × 10− 3) and “Response to insulin” (FDR q = 7.60 × 10− 3) genes, along with an enrichment of genes involved as “Negative regulators of DDX58/IFIH1 signaling” (FDR q = 7.50 × 10− 4) found by querying the REACTOME pathway database. Gene network analyses indicated a general dysregulation of gene inter-connections. Conclusion This translational genomics study highlighted the existence both of individual genes, mostly dysregulated in certain cellular populations (e.g., macrophages), and gene-networks involved in pulmonary reaction after left pneumonectomy. Their involvement in lung homeostasis is largely supported by previous studies, carried out both in humans and in other animal models (under homeostatic or disease-related conditions), that adopted candidate-gene approaches. Overall, the present findings represent a preliminary assessment for future, more focused, studies on compensatory lung adaptation, pulmonary regeneration and functional reload. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08171-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Napolioni
- Genomic and Molecular Epidemiology (GAME) Lab., School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Potenza
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vienna Ludovini
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca R Tofanetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonello Bufalari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Pallotti
- Genetics and Animal Breeding Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Camilla Poggi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Anile
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Niccolò Daddi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Venuta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Puma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vannucci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Ye D, Ma W, Xu J, Zhu G, Liu D, Liu C, Ding Y, Zhang Q. WTX inhibits gastric cancer migration through the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4970-4976. [PMID: 30250562 PMCID: PMC6144879 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the expression of Wilms' tumor gene on X chromosome (WTX) affected the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and migration of gastric cancer cells. Stable WTX-overexpressing AGS cells (AGS.W) were established and analyzed by flow cytometry. The efficiency of the overexpression was verified by fluorescence microscopy, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. To analyze the expression of EMT-associated proteins, western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were performed. The migratory capability of the cells was detected by Transwell wound-healing assays, respectively. Compared with that of the control cells (AGS.veh), WTX expression was notably increased at mRNA (P<0.05) and protein levels (P<0.05) in the AGS.W gastric cancer cells. Morphological observations indicated that AGS.W cells transformed into spindle shapes, compared to AGS.veh cells, which maintained round or oval shapes. Furthermore, western blotting and immunofluorescence validated that the expression level of the epithelial marker epithelial-cadherin was significantly increased, whereas the expression levels of the mesenchymal markers neural-cadherin, β-catenin and vimentin were significantly decreased in the AGS.W cells compared with those in the AGS.veh cells. In addition, the overexpression of WTX decreased the migratory ability of AGS.W cells compared with AGS.veh cells. Exogenous expression of WTX inhibited gastric cancer cell migration by reversing EMT. The results of the present study describe a molecular feature that may be a promising target for future gastric cancer therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Ye
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenxia Ma
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Guifang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Deying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital/First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital/First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
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3
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Comai G, Boutet A, Tanneberger K, Massa F, Rocha AS, Charlet A, Panzolini C, Jian Motamedi F, Brommage R, Hans W, Funck-Brentano T, Hrabe de Angelis M, Hartmann C, Cohen-Solal M, Behrens J, Schedl A. Genetic and Molecular Insights Into Genotype-Phenotype Relationships in Osteopathia Striata With Cranial Sclerosis (OSCS) Through the Analysis of Novel Mouse Wtx Mutant Alleles. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:875-887. [PMID: 29329488 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The X-linked WTX/AMER1 protein constitutes an important component of the β-catenin destruction complex that can both enhance and suppress canonical β-catenin signaling. Somatic mutations in WTX/AMER1 have been found in a proportion of the pediatric kidney cancer Wilms' tumor. By contrast, germline mutations cause the severe sclerosing bone dysplasia osteopathia striata congenita with cranial sclerosis (OSCS), a condition usually associated with fetal or perinatal lethality in male patients. Here we address the developmental and molecular function of WTX by generating two novel mouse alleles. We show that in addition to the previously reported skeletal abnormalities, loss of Wtx causes severe midline fusion defects including cleft palate and ectopic synostosis at the base of the skull. By contrast, deletion of the C-terminal part of the protein results in only mild developmental abnormalities permitting survival beyond birth. Adult analysis, however, revealed skeletal defects including changed skull morphology and an increased whole-body bone density, resembling a subgroup of male patients carrying a milder, survivable phenotype. Molecular analysis in vitro showed that while β-catenin fails to co-immunoprecipitate with the truncated protein, partial recruitment appears to be achieved in an indirect manner using AXIN/AXIN2 as a molecular bridge. Taken together our analysis provides a novel model for WTX-caused bone diseases and explains on the molecular level how truncation mutations in this gene may retain some of WTX-protein functions. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Comai
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France.,Current Address: Dept. of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Pasteur Institute, CNRS UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Boutet
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France.,Current Address: CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, UMR8227, Translation, Cell Cycle and Development Group, Station Biologique, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Kristina Tanneberger
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger Zentrum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Filippo Massa
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Ana-Sofia Rocha
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Aurelie Charlet
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Clara Panzolini
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Fariba Jian Motamedi
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Robert Brommage
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hans
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Funck-Brentano
- INSERM UMR-1132, Biologie de l'os et du cartilage (BIOSCAR), Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine Hartmann
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- INSERM UMR-1132, Biologie de l'os et du cartilage (BIOSCAR), Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Behrens
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger Zentrum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schedl
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
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4
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Boutet A, Comai G, Charlet A, Jian Motamedi F, Dhib H, Bandiera R, Schedl A. A knock-in mouse line conditionally expressing the tumor suppressor WTX/AMER1. Genesis 2017; 55. [PMID: 28960679 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
WTX/AMER1 is an important developmental regulator, mutations in which have been identified in a proportion of patients suffering from the renal neoplasm Wilms' tumor and in the bone malformation syndrome Osteopathia Striata with Cranial Sclerosis (OSCS). Its cellular functions appear complex and the protein can be found at the membrane, within the cytoplasm and the nucleus. To understand its developmental and cellular function an allelic series for Wtx in the mouse is crucial. Whereas mice carrying a conditional knock out allele for Wtx have been previously reported, a gain-of-function mouse model that would allow studying the molecular, cellular and developmental role of Wtx is still missing. Here we describe the generation of a novel mouse strain that permits the conditional activation of WTX expression. Wtx fused to GFP was introduced downstream a stop cassette flanked by loxP sites into the Rosa26 locus by gene targeting. Ectopic WTX expression is reported after crosses with several Cre transgenic mice in different embryonic tissues. Further, functionality of the fusion protein was demonstrated in the context of a Wtx null allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Boutet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1091, CNRS UMR 7277, iBV, France
| | - Glenda Comai
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1091, CNRS UMR 7277, iBV, France
| | - Aurélie Charlet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1091, CNRS UMR 7277, iBV, France
| | | | - Haroun Dhib
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1091, CNRS UMR 7277, iBV, France
| | - Roberto Bandiera
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1091, CNRS UMR 7277, iBV, France
| | - Andreas Schedl
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1091, CNRS UMR 7277, iBV, France
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5
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The General Expression Analysis of WTX Gene in Normal and Cancer Tissues. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 23:439-446. [PMID: 28032309 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
WTX (Wilms' tumor suppressor X chromosome) is a novel putative tumor suppressor gene in Wilms' tumor of kidney, its expression and function in other human cancers had not been explored. This study detected the expression of WTX in 459 cases of 15 organs of cancers and adjacent normal tissues by using immunohistochemical staining (IHC), and validated them by in situ hybridization (ISH) and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). IHC and ISH data showed that WTX protein was generally expressed in normal tissues, but reduced expression in corresponding cancers. This study demonstrated that WTX downregulation is a common phenomenon in human cancers, WTX might be a general tumor-suppressor gene and biological marker of multiple cancer tissues. Apart from kidney, stomach is another target tissue of WTX gene. The germline and somatic mutations of WTX were screened in 12 gastric cancer patients and identified in one cases (8.3%). Mutation in the WTX gene might be one of the reasons of WTX loss in gastric cancer patients.
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6
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Vidal V, Sacco S, Rocha AS, da Silva F, Panzolini C, Dumontet T, Doan TMP, Shan J, Rak-Raszewska A, Bird T, Vainio S, Martinez A, Schedl A. The adrenal capsule is a signaling center controlling cell renewal and zonation through Rspo3. Genes Dev 2016; 30:1389-94. [PMID: 27313319 PMCID: PMC4926862 DOI: 10.1101/gad.277756.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vidal et al. show that capsular RSPO3 signals to the underlying steroidogenic compartment to induce β-catenin signaling and imprint glomerulosa cell fate. Rspo3 function remains essential in adult life to ensure replenishment of lost cells and maintain the properties of the zona glomerulosa. Adrenal glands are zonated endocrine organs that are essential in controlling body homeostasis. How zonation is induced and maintained and how renewal of the adrenal cortex is ensured remain a mystery. Here we show that capsular RSPO3 signals to the underlying steroidogenic compartment to induce β-catenin signaling and imprint glomerulosa cell fate. Deletion of RSPO3 leads to loss of SHH signaling and impaired organ growth. Importantly, Rspo3 function remains essential in adult life to ensure replenishment of lost cells and maintain the properties of the zona glomerulosa. Thus, the adrenal capsule acts as a central signaling center that ensures replacement of damaged cells and is required to maintain zonation throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Vidal
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, F-06108 Nice, France; UMR1091, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-06108 Nice, France; CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Sonia Sacco
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, F-06108 Nice, France; UMR1091, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-06108 Nice, France; CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Ana Sofia Rocha
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, F-06108 Nice, France; UMR1091, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-06108 Nice, France; CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Fabio da Silva
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, F-06108 Nice, France; UMR1091, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-06108 Nice, France; CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Clara Panzolini
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, F-06108 Nice, France; UMR1091, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-06108 Nice, France; CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Typhanie Dumontet
- UMR6293, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Clermont Université, F-63178 Aubière, France; U1103, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Clermont Université, F-63178 Aubière, France
| | - Thi Mai Phuong Doan
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, F-06108 Nice, France; UMR1091, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-06108 Nice, France; CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France
| | | | | | - Tom Bird
- Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antoine Martinez
- UMR6293, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Clermont Université, F-63178 Aubière, France; U1103, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Clermont Université, F-63178 Aubière, France
| | - Andreas Schedl
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, F-06108 Nice, France; UMR1091, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-06108 Nice, France; CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108 Nice, France
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7
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Rocha AS, Vidal V, Mertz M, Kendall TJ, Charlet A, Okamoto H, Schedl A. The Angiocrine Factor Rspondin3 Is a Key Determinant of Liver Zonation. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1757-64. [PMID: 26655896 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver zonation, the spatial separation of different metabolic pathways along the liver sinusoids, is fundamental for proper functioning of this organ, and its disruption can lead to the development of metabolic disorders such as hyperammonemia. Metabolic zonation involves the induction of β-catenin signaling around the central veins, but how this patterned activity is established and maintained is unclear. Here, we show that the signaling molecule Rspondin3 is specifically expressed within the endothelial compartment of the central vein. Conditional deletion of Rspo3 in mice disrupts activation of central fate, demonstrating its crucial role in determining and maintaining β-catenin-dependent zonation. Moreover, ectopic expression of Rspo1, a close family member of Rspo3, induces the expression of pericentral markers, demonstrating Rspondins to be sufficient to imprint a more central fate. Thus, Rspo3 is a key angiocrine factor that controls metabolic zonation of liver hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Rocha
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, 06108 Nice, France; Inserm, UMR1091, 06108 Nice, France; CNRS, UMR7277, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Valerie Vidal
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, 06108 Nice, France; Inserm, UMR1091, 06108 Nice, France; CNRS, UMR7277, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Marjolijn Mertz
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, 06108 Nice, France; Inserm, UMR1091, 06108 Nice, France; Plateforme PRISM, Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Scotland, UK
| | - Aurelie Charlet
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, 06108 Nice, France; Inserm, UMR1091, 06108 Nice, France; CNRS, UMR7277, 06108 Nice, France
| | | | - Andreas Schedl
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Université de Nice-Sophia, 06108 Nice, France; Inserm, UMR1091, 06108 Nice, France; CNRS, UMR7277, 06108 Nice, France.
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Structures of the APC-ARM domain in complexes with discrete Amer1/WTX fragments reveal that it uses a consensus mode to recognize its binding partners. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15016. [PMID: 27462415 PMCID: PMC4860839 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor APC employs its conserved armadillo repeat (ARM) domain to recognize many of its binding partners, including Amer1/WTX, which is mutated in Wilms' tumor and bone overgrowth syndrome. The APC–Amer1 complex has important roles in regulating Wnt signaling and cell adhesion. Three sites A1, A2, and A3 of Amer1 have been reported to mediate its interaction with APC-ARM. In this study, crystal structures of APC–ARM in complexes with Amer1-A1, -A2, and -A4, which is newly identified in this work, were determined. Combined with our GST pull-down, yeast two-hybrid, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assay results using mutants of APC and Amer1 interface residues, our structures demonstrate that Amer1-A1, -A2, and -A4, as well as other APC-binding proteins such as Asef and Sam68, all employ a common recognition pattern to associate with APC–ARM. In contrast, Amer1-A3 binds to the C-terminal side of APC–ARM through a bipartite interaction mode. Composite mutations on either APC or Amer1 disrupting all four interfaces abrogated their association in cultured cells and impaired the membrane recruitment of APC by Amer1. Our study thus comprehensively elucidated the recognition mechanism between APC and Amer1, and revealed a consensus recognition sequence employed by various APC–ARM binding partners.
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9
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Ashbrook DG, Delprato A, Grellmann C, Klein M, Wetzel R, Overall RW, Badea A. Transcript co-variance with Nestin in two mouse genetic reference populations identifies Lef1 as a novel candidate regulator of neural precursor cell proliferation in the adult hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:418. [PMID: 25565948 PMCID: PMC4264481 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the lifelong production of new neurons in the adult brain, is under complex genetic control but many of the genes involved remain to be identified. In this study, we have integrated publicly available gene expression data from the BXD and CXB recombinant inbred mouse lines to discover genes co-expressed in the adult hippocampus with Nestin, a common marker of the neural precursor cell population. In addition, we incorporated spatial expression information to restrict candidates to genes with high differential gene expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Incorporating data from curated protein-protein interaction databases revealed interactions between our candidate genes and those already known to be involved in adult neurogenesis. Enrichment analysis suggested a link to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, known to be involved in adult neurogenesis. In particular, our candidates were enriched in targets of Lef1, a modulator of the Wnt pathway. In conclusion, our combination of bioinformatics approaches identified six novel candidate genes involved in adult neurogenesis; Amer3, Eya3, Mtdh, Nr4a3, Polr2a, and Tbkbp1. Further, we propose a role for Lef1 transcriptional control in the regulation of adult hippocampal precursor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Ashbrook
- Computational and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Delprato
- BioScience Project Wakefield, MA, USA ; Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux and CNRS Talence, France
| | - Claudia Grellmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany ; IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Richard Wetzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Germany
| | - Rupert W Overall
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Genomics of Regeneration, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandra Badea
- Department of Radiology, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
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10
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Zhou Z, Enoch MA, Goldman D. Gene expression in the addicted brain. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 116:251-73. [PMID: 25172478 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801105-8.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is due to changes in the structure and function of the brain, including neuronal networks and the cells that comprise them. Within cells, gene expression changes can track and help explain their altered function. Transcriptional changes induced by addictive agents are dynamic and divergent and range from signal pathway-specific perturbations to widespread molecular and cellular dysregulation that can be measured by "omic" methods and that can be used to identify new pathways. The molecular effects of addiction depend on timing of exposure or withdrawal, the stage of adaptation, the brain region, and the behavioral model, there being many models of addiction. However, the molecular neural adaptations across different drug exposures, conditions, and regions are to some extent shared and can reflect common actions on pathways relevant to addiction. Epigenetic studies of DNA methylation and histone modifications and studies of regulatory RNA networks have been informative for elucidating the mechanisms of transcriptional change in the addicted brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhou
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Mary-Anne Enoch
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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11
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Gimelli S, Stathaki E, Béna F, Leoni M, Di Rocco M, Cuoco C, Tassano E. Recurrent microdeletion 2q21.1: report on a new patient with neurological disorders. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:801-5. [PMID: 24591035 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Whole genome profiling such as array comparative genomic hybridization has identified novel genomic imbalances. Copy number studies led to an explosion of the discoveries of new segmental duplication-mediated deletions and duplications. These rearrangements are mostly the result of non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between low-copy repeats or segmental duplications. We have identified an individual with a small, rare deletion on chromosome 2q21.1 with psychomotor delay, hyperactivity, and aggressive behavior. The rearranged region is flanked by large complex low-copy repeats and includes only five genes: GPR148, FAM123C (AMER3), ARHGEF4, FAM168B, and PLEKHB2. The comparison between our patient and the cases previously reported in the literature contributes to a better definition of genotype-phenotype correlation of 2q21.1 microdeletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gimelli
- Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Bandiera R, Vidal VPI, Motamedi FJ, Clarkson M, Sahut-Barnola I, von Gise A, Pu WT, Hohenstein P, Martinez A, Schedl A. WT1 maintains adrenal-gonadal primordium identity and marks a population of AGP-like progenitors within the adrenal gland. Dev Cell 2013; 27:5-18. [PMID: 24135228 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adrenal glands and gonads share a common primordium (AGP), but the molecular events driving differentiation are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the Wilms tumor suppressor WT1 is a key factor defining AGP identity by inhibiting the steroidogenic differentiation process. Indeed, ectopic expression of WT1 precludes differentiation into adrenocortical steroidogenic cells by locking them into a progenitor state. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments identify Tcf21 and Gli1 as direct targets of WT1. Moreover, cell lineage tracing analyses identify a long-living progenitor population within the adrenal gland, characterized by the expression of WT1, GATA4, GLI1, and TCF21, that can generate steroidogenic cells in vivo. Strikingly, gonadectomy dramatically activates these WT1(+) cells and leads to their differentiation into gonadal steroidogenic tissue. Thus, our data describe a mechanism of response to organ loss by recreating hormone-producing cells at a heterotopic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bandiera
- Institute of Biology Valrose, iBV, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France; INSERM UMR 1091, CNRS UMR 7277 Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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13
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Brauburger K, Akyildiz S, Ruppert JG, Graeb M, Bernkopf DB, Hadjihannas MV, Behrens J. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) membrane recruitment 3, a member of the APC membrane recruitment family of APC-binding proteins, is a positive regulator of Wnt-β-catenin signalling. FEBS J 2013; 281:787-801. [PMID: 24251807 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) membrane recruitment (Amer) family proteins Amer1/Wilms tumour gene on the X chromosome and Amer2 are binding partners of the APC tumour suppressor protein, and act as negative regulators in the Wnt signalling cascade. So far, nothing has been known about the third member of the family, Amer3. Here we show that Amer3 binds to the armadillo repeat domain of APC, similarly to Amer1 and Amer2. Amer3 also binds to the Wnt pathway regulator conductin/axin2. Furthermore, we identified Amer1 as binding partner of Amer3. Whereas Amer1 and Amer2 are linked to the plasma membrane by an N-terminal membrane localization domain, Amer3 lacks this domain. Amer3 localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus of epithelial cells, and this is dependent on specific nuclear import and export sequences. Functionally, exogenous Amer3 enhances the expression of a β-catenin/T-cell factor-dependent reporter gene, and knockdown of endogenous Amer3 reduces Wnt target gene expression in colorectal cancer cells. Thus, Amer3 acts as an activator of Wnt signalling, in contrast to Amer1 and Amer2, which are inhibitors, suggesting a nonredundant role of Amer proteins in the regulation of this pathway. Our data, together with those of previous studies, provide a comprehensive picture of similarities and differences within the Amer protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Brauburger
- Nikolaus Fiebiger Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Akhavanfard S, Vargas SO, Han M, Nitta M, Chang CB, Le LP, Fazlollahi L, Nguyen Q, Ma Y, Cosper A, Dias-Santagata D, Han JY, Bergethon K, Borger DR, Ellisen LW, Pomeroy SL, Haber DA, Iafrate AJ, Rivera MN. Inactivation of the tumor suppressorWTXin a subset of pediatric tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 53:67-77. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Akhavanfard
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
| | - Sara O. Vargas
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
- Department of Pathology; Children's Hospital; Boston MA
| | - Moonjoo Han
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
| | - Mai Nitta
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
| | - Clarice B. Chang
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
| | - Long P. Le
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
| | - Ladan Fazlollahi
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
| | | | | | - Arjola Cosper
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
| | - Dora Dias-Santagata
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
| | - Jae Y. Han
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
| | | | - Darrell R. Borger
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
| | - Leif W. Ellisen
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
| | - Scott L. Pomeroy
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
- Department of Neurology; Children's Hospital; Boston MA
| | - Daniel A. Haber
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
| | - A. John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
| | - Miguel N. Rivera
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge MA
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15
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Hochstenbach R, van Gijn ME, Krijtenburg PJ, Raemakers R, van 't Slot R, Renkens I, Eleveld MJ, van der Smagt JJ, Poot M. Gain of FAM123B and ARHGEF9 in an Obese Man with Intellectual Disability, Congenital Heart Defects and Multiple Supernumerary Ring Chromosomes. Mol Syndromol 2012; 3:274-83. [PMID: 23599698 DOI: 10.1159/000345241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a 24-year-old man with mild intellectual disability, congenital heart defects and obesity, we identified up to 4 small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) in blood metaphases. The ring-shaped sSMCs were derived from chromosomes 11, 12 and X as well as a fourth, unidentified chromosome. In interphase nuclei of epithelial cells from the urinary tract and buccal mucosa, the presence of the r(11), r(12) and r(X) was confirmed by FISH. Using Illumina Infinium 317K SNP-arrays, we detected 3 copies of the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 11, 12 and X. The r(X) was present in 84-89% of cells in the various tissues examined, lacks the XIST gene, but contains FAM123B, a potential dosage-sensitive candidate gene for congenital cardiac abnormalities, and ARHGEF9, a candidate gene for intellectual disability. ARHGEF9 encodes collybistin (CB), which is required for localization of the inhibitory receptor-anchoring protein gephyrin and for formation and maintenance of postsynaptic GABAA and glycine receptors. We propose that the 2-fold increase in dosage of ARHGEF9 disturbs the stoichiometry of CB with its interacting proteins at inhibitory postsynapses. SNP alleles and short tandem repeat markers on the r(11) and r(X) were compatible with a maternal origin of both sSMCs through a meiosis II error. The sSMCs may have resulted from predivision chromatid nondisjunction, leading to anaphase lagging, followed by incomplete degradation of the supernumerary chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hochstenbach
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Siesser PF, Motolese M, Walker MP, Goldfarb D, Gewain K, Yan F, Kulikauskas RM, Chien AJ, Wordeman L, Major MB. FAM123A binds to microtubules and inhibits the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF2 to decrease actomyosin contractility. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra64. [PMID: 22949735 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The FAM123 gene family comprises three members: FAM123A, the tumor suppressor WTX (also known as FAM123B), and FAM123C. WTX is required for normal development and causally contributes to human disease, in part through its regulation of β-catenin-dependent WNT signaling. The roles of FAM123A and FAM123C in signaling, cell behavior, and human disease remain less understood. We defined and compared the protein-protein interaction networks for each member of the FAM123 family by affinity purification and mass spectrometry. Protein localization and functional studies suggest that the FAM123 family members have conserved and divergent cellular roles. In contrast to WTX and FAM123C, we found that microtubule-associated proteins were enriched in the FAM123A protein interaction network. FAM123A interacted with and tracked with the plus end of dynamic microtubules. Domain interaction experiments revealed a "SKIP" amino acid motif in FAM123A that mediated interaction with the microtubule tip tracking proteins end-binding protein 1 (EB1) and EB3--and therefore with microtubules. Cells depleted of FAM123A showed compartment-specific effects on microtubule dynamics, increased actomyosin contractility, larger focal adhesions, and decreased cell migration. These effects required binding of FAM123A to and inhibition of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF2, a microtubule-associated activator of RhoA. Together, these data suggest that the SKIP motif enables FAM123A, but not the other FAM123 family members, to bind to EB proteins, localize to microtubules, and coordinate microtubule dynamics and actomyosin contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila F Siesser
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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17
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Dharmadhikari AV, Kang SHL, Szafranski P, Person RE, Sampath S, Prakash SK, Bader PI, Phillips JA, Hannig V, Williams M, Vinson SS, Wilfong AA, Reimschisel TE, Craigen WJ, Patel A, Bi W, Lupski JR, Belmont J, Cheung SW, Stankiewicz P. Small rare recurrent deletions and reciprocal duplications in 2q21.1, including brain-specific ARHGEF4 and GPR148. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:3345-55. [PMID: 22543972 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified a rare small (~450 kb unique sequence) recurrent deletion in a previously linked attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) locus at 2q21.1 in five unrelated families with developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID), ADHD, epilepsy and other neurobehavioral abnormalities from 17 035 samples referred for clinical chromosomal microarray analysis. Additionally, a DECIPHER (http://decipher.sanger.ac.uk) patient 2311 was found to have the same deletion and presented with aggressive behavior. The deletion was not found in either six control groups consisting of 13 999 healthy individuals or in the DGV database. We have also identified reciprocal duplications in five unrelated families with autism, developmental delay (DD), seizures and ADHD. This genomic region is flanked by large, complex low-copy repeats (LCRs) with directly oriented subunits of ~109 kb in size that have 97.7% DNA sequence identity. We sequenced the deletion breakpoints within the directly oriented paralogous subunits of the flanking LCR clusters, demonstrating non-allelic homologous recombination as a mechanism of formation. The rearranged segment harbors five genes: GPR148, FAM123C, ARHGEF4, FAM168B and PLEKHB2. Expression of ARHGEF4 (Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4) is restricted to the brain and may regulate the actin cytoskeletal network, cell morphology and migration, and neuronal function. GPR148 encodes a G-protein-coupled receptor protein expressed in the brain and testes. We suggest that small rare recurrent deletion of 2q21.1 is pathogenic for DD/ID, ADHD, epilepsy and other neurobehavioral abnormalities and, because of its small size, low frequency and more severe phenotype might have been missed in other previous genome-wide screening studies using single-nucleotide polymorphism analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash V Dharmadhikari
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room R809, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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Pfister AS, Tanneberger K, Schambony A, Behrens J. Amer2 protein is a novel negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling involved in neuroectodermal patterning. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:1734-41. [PMID: 22128170 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.308650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is negatively controlled by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor, which induces proteasomal degradation of β-catenin as part of the β-catenin destruction complex. Amer2 (APC membrane recruitment 2; FAM123A) is a direct interaction partner of APC, related to the tumor suppressor Amer1/WTX, but its function in Wnt signaling is not known. Here, we show that Amer2 recruits APC to the plasma membrane by binding to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate lipids via lysine-rich motifs and that APC links β-catenin and the destruction complex components axin and conductin to Amer2. Knockdown of Amer2 increased Wnt target gene expression and reporter activity in cell lines, and overexpression reduced reporter activity, which required membrane association of Amer2. In Xenopus embryos, Amer2 is expressed mainly in the dorsal neuroectoderm and neural tissues. Down-regulation of Amer2 by specific morpholino oligonucleotides altered neuroectodermal patterning, which could be rescued by expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Lef1 that interferes with β-catenin-dependent transcription. Our data characterize Amer2 for the first time as a negative regulator of Wnt signaling both in cell lines and in vivo and define Amer proteins as a novel family of Wnt pathway regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Pfister
- Nikolaus Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Substance-specific and shared transcription and epigenetic changes in the human hippocampus chronically exposed to cocaine and alcohol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:6626-31. [PMID: 21464311 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1018514108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a key brain region involved in both short- and long-term memory processes and may play critical roles in drug-associated learning and addiction. Using whole genome sequencing of mRNA transcripts (RNA-Seq) and immunoprecipitation-enriched genomic DNA (ChIP-Seq) coupled with histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), we found extensive hippocampal gene expression changes common to both cocaine-addicted and alcoholic individuals that may reflect neuronal adaptations common to both addictions. However, we also observed functional changes that were related only to long-term cocaine exposure, particularly the inhibition of mitochondrial inner membrane functions related to oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism, which has also been observed previously in neurodegenerative diseases. Cocaine- and alcohol-related histone H3K4me3 changes highly overlapped, but greater effects were detected under cocaine exposure. There was no direct correlation, however, between either cocaine- or alcohol-related histone H3k4me3 and gene expression changes at an individual gene level, indicating that transcriptional regulation as well as drug-related gene expression changes are outcomes of a complex gene-regulatory process that includes multifaceted histone modifications.
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20
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Boutet A, Comai G, Schedl A. The WTX/AMER1 gene family: evolution, signature and function. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:280. [PMID: 20843316 PMCID: PMC2949870 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background WTX is a novel gene mutated in a proportion of Wilms' tumors and in patients suffering from sclerosing bone dysplasia. On the molecular level WTX has been shown to act as an antagonist of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fish and mammals thus linking it to an essential pathway involved in normal development and cancer formation. Interestingly, WTX seems to also localize to an intranuclear component called paraspeckles. In spite of the growing interest of molecular biologists in WTX, little is known about its paralogs and its phylogenetic history. Results Using the amino-acid sequence of WTX/AMER1 as a tool for the assignment of orthology and paralogy, we here identify two novel proteins, AMER2 and AMER3, as "WTX" related. This Amer gene family is present in all currently available vertebrate genome sequences, but not invertebrate genomes and is characterized by six conserved blocks of sequences. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that the protoAmer gene originated early in the vertebrate lineage and was then duplicated due to whole genome duplications (WGD) giving rise to the three different Amer genes. Conclusion Our study represents the first phylogenetic analysis of Amer genes and reveals a new vertebrate specific gene family that is likely to have played an important role in the evolution of this subphylum. Divergent and conserved molecular functions of Wtx/Amer1, Amer2 and Amer3 are discussed.
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