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Hatzold J, Nett V, Brantsch S, Zhang JL, Armistead J, Wessendorf H, Stephens R, Humbert PO, Iden S, Hammerschmidt M. Matriptase-dependent epidermal pre-neoplasm in zebrafish embryos caused by a combination of hypotonic stress and epithelial polarity defects. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010873. [PMID: 37566613 PMCID: PMC10446194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrantly up-regulated activity of the type II transmembrane protease Matriptase-1 has been associated with the development and progression of a range of epithelial-derived carcinomas, and a variety of signaling pathways can mediate Matriptase-dependent tumorigenic events. During mammalian carcinogenesis, gain of Matriptase activity often results from imbalanced ratios between Matriptase and its cognate transmembrane inhibitor Hai1. Similarly, in zebrafish, unrestrained Matriptase activity due to loss of hai1a results in epidermal pre-neoplasms already during embryogenesis. Here, based on our former findings of a similar tumor-suppressive role for the Na+/K+-pump beta subunit ATP1b1a, we identify epithelial polarity defects and systemic hypotonic stress as another mode of aberrant Matriptase activation in the embryonic zebrafish epidermis in vivo. In this case, however, a different oncogenic pathway is activated which contains PI3K, AKT and NFkB, rather than EGFR and PLD (as in hai1a mutants). Strikingly, epidermal pre-neoplasm is only induced when epithelial polarity defects in keratinocytes (leading to disturbed Matriptase subcellular localization) occur in combination with systemic hypotonic stress (leading to increased proteolytic activity of Matriptase). A similar combinatorial effect of hypotonicity and loss of epithelial polarity was also obtained for the activity levels of Matriptase-1 in human MCF-10A epithelial breast cells. Together, this is in line with the multi-factor concept of carcinogenesis, with the notion that such factors can even branch off from one and the same initiator (here ATP1a1b) and can converge again at the level of one and the same mediator (here Matriptase). In sum, our data point to tonicity and epithelial cell polarity as evolutionarily conserved regulators of Matriptase activity that upon de-regulation can constitute an alternative mode of Matriptase-dependent carcinogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hatzold
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Nett
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stephanie Brantsch
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jin-Li Zhang
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Joy Armistead
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Wessendorf
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Stephens
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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2
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Bastos TSB, de Paula AGP, Dos Santos Luz RB, Garnique AMB, Belo MAA, Eto SF, Fernandes DC, Ferraris FK, de Pontes LG, França TT, Barcellos LJG, Veras FP, Bermejo P, Guidelli G, Maneira C, da Silveira Bezerra de Mello F, Teixeira G, Pereira GAG, Fernandes BHV, Sanches PRS, Braz HLB, Jorge RJB, Malafaia G, Cilli EM, Olivier DDS, do Amaral MS, Medeiros RJ, Condino-Neto A, Carvalho LR, Machado-Santelli GM, Charlie-Silva I, Galindo-Villegas J, Braga TT. A novel insight on SARS-CoV-2 S-derived fragments in the control of the host immunity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8060. [PMID: 37198208 PMCID: PMC10191404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all efforts to combat the pandemic of COVID-19, we are still living with high numbers of infected persons, an overburdened health care system, and the lack of an effective and definitive treatment. Understanding the pathophysiology of the disease is crucial for the development of new technologies and therapies for the best clinical management of patients. Since the manipulation of the whole virus requires a structure with an adequate level of biosafety, the development of alternative technologies, such as the synthesis of peptides from viral proteins, is a possible solution to circumvent this problem. In addition, the use and validation of animal models is of extreme importance to screen new drugs and to compress the organism's response to the disease. Peptides derived from recombinant S protein from SARS-CoV-2 were synthesized and validated by in silico, in vitro and in vivo methodologies. Macrophages and neutrophils were challenged with the peptides and the production of inflammatory mediators and activation profile were evaluated. These peptides were also inoculated into the swim bladder of transgenic zebrafish larvae at 6 days post fertilization (dpf) to mimic the inflammatory process triggered by the virus, which was evaluated by confocal microscopy. In addition, toxicity and oxidative stress assays were also developed. In silico and molecular dynamics assays revealed that the peptides bind to the ACE2 receptor stably and interact with receptors and adhesion molecules, such as MHC and TCR, from humans and zebrafish. Macrophages stimulated with one of the peptides showed increased production of NO, TNF-α and CXCL2. Inoculation of the peptides in zebrafish larvae triggered an inflammatory process marked by macrophage recruitment and increased mortality, as well as histopathological changes, similarly to what is observed in individuals with COVID-19. The use of peptides is a valuable alternative for the study of host immune response in the context of COVID-19. The use of zebrafish as an animal model also proved to be appropriate and effective in evaluating the inflammatory process, comparable to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anali M B Garnique
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silas Fernandes Eto
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD) Special Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Innovation and Development, Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fausto Klabund Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leticia Gomes de Pontes
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department Immunology, Institute Biomedical Sciences, University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tábata Takahashi França
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department Immunology, Institute Biomedical Sciences, University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Laboratory of Fish Physiology, Graduate Program of Bioexperimentation, University of Passo Fundo, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Flavio P Veras
- Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pamela Bermejo
- Laboratório de Genômica e bioEnergia (LGE), Institute of Biology - Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Guidelli
- Laboratório de Genômica e bioEnergia (LGE), Institute of Biology - Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla Maneira
- Laboratório de Genômica e bioEnergia (LGE), Institute of Biology - Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Gleidson Teixeira
- Laboratório de Genômica e bioEnergia (LGE), Institute of Biology - Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca H Ventura Fernandes
- Laboratório de Controle Genético e Sanitário, Diretoria Técnica de Apoio ao Ensino e Pesquisa, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R S Sanches
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Helyson Lucas Bezerra Braz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutai Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Serrou do Amaral
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Renata J Medeiros
- Laboratory of Physiology, INCQS/Fiocruz Zebrafish Facility, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department Immunology, Institute Biomedical Sciences, University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciani R Carvalho
- Laboratório de Controle Genético e Sanitário, Diretoria Técnica de Apoio ao Ensino e Pesquisa, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia M Machado-Santelli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo-ICB/USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Tárcio Teodoro Braga
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Parana, Brazil.
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Kent ME, Hu B, Eggleston TM, Squires RS, Zimmerman KA, Weiss RM, Roghair RD, Lin F, Cornell RA, Haskell SE. Hypersensitivity of Zebrafish htr2b Mutant Embryos to Sertraline Indicates a Role for Serotonin Signaling in Cardiac Development. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:261-269. [PMID: 35904815 PMCID: PMC9354722 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are antidepressants prescribed in 10% of pregnancies in the United States. Maternal use of SSRIs has been linked to an elevated rate of congenital heart defects, but the exact mechanism of pathogenesis is unknown. Previously, we have shown a decrease in cardiomyocyte proliferation, left ventricle size, and reduced cardiac expression of the serotonin receptor 5-HT 2B in offspring of mice exposed to the SSRI sertraline during pregnancy, relative to offspring of untreated mice. These results suggest that disruption of serotonin signaling leads to heart defects. Supporting this conclusion, we show here that zebrafish embryos exposed to sertraline develop with a smaller ventricle, reduced cardiomyocyte number, and lower cardiac expression of htr2b relative to untreated embryos. Moreover, zebrafish embryos homozygous for a nonsense mutation of htr2b ( htr2bsa16649 ) were sensitized to sertraline treatment relative to wild-type embryos. Specifically, the ventricle area was reduced in the homozygous htr2b mutants treated with sertraline compared with wild-type embryos treated with sertraline and homozygous htr2b mutants treated with vehicle control. Whereas long-term effects on left ventricle shortening fraction and stroke volume were observed by echocardiography in adult mice exposed to sertraline in utero, echocardiograms of adult zebrafish exposed to sertraline as embryos were normal. These results implicate the 5-HT 2B receptor functions in heart development and suggest zebrafish are a relevant animal model that can be used to investigate the connection between maternal SSRI use and elevated risk of congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Hu
- Anatomy and Cell Biology; and
| | | | | | - Kathy A. Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Robert M. Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
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4
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Stark BC, Gao Y, Sepich DS, Belk L, Culver MA, Hu B, Mekel M, Ferris W, Shin J, Solnica-Krezel L, Lin F, Cooper JA. CARMIL3 is important for cell migration and morphogenesis during early development in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2022; 481:148-159. [PMID: 34599906 PMCID: PMC8781030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is important during early animal embryogenesis. Cell migration and cell shape are controlled by actin assembly and dynamics, which depend on capping proteins, including the barbed-end heterodimeric actin capping protein (CP). CP activity can be regulated by capping-protein-interacting (CPI) motif proteins, including CARMIL (capping protein Arp2/3 myosin-I linker) family proteins. Previous studies of CARMIL3, one of the three highly conserved CARMIL genes in vertebrates, have largely been limited to cells in culture. Towards understanding CARMIL function during embryogenesis in vivo, we analyzed zebrafish lines carrying mutations of carmil3. Maternal-zygotic mutants showed impaired endodermal migration during gastrulation, along with defects in dorsal forerunner cell (DFC) cluster formation, which affected the morphogenesis of Kupffer's vesicle (KV). Mutant KVs were smaller, contained fewer cells and displayed decreased numbers of cilia, leading to defects in left/right (L/R) patterning with variable penetrance and expressivity. The penetrance and expressivity of the KV phenotype in carmil3 mutants correlated well with the L/R heart positioning defect at the end of embryogenesis. This in vivo animal study of CARMIL3 reveals its new role during morphogenesis of the vertebrate embryo. This role involves migration of endodermal cells and DFCs, along with subsequent morphogenesis of the KV and L/R asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Stark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Diane S. Sepich
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Lakyn Belk
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Matthew A. Culver
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Marlene Mekel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Wyndham Ferris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Jimann Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Lilianna Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO,Corresponding authors. Email addresses for correspondence after publication: Fang Lin, ; Lilianna Solnica-Krezel, ; John Cooper,
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Corresponding authors. Email addresses for correspondence after publication: Fang Lin, ; Lilianna Solnica-Krezel, ; John Cooper,
| | - John A. Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO,Corresponding authors. Email addresses for correspondence after publication: Fang Lin, ; Lilianna Solnica-Krezel, ; John Cooper,
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5
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Lei D, Zhang X, Rouf MA, Mahendra Y, Wen L, Li Y, Zhang X, Li L, Wang L, Zhang T, Wang G, Wang Y. Noncanonical protease-activated receptor 1 regulates lymphatic differentiation in zebrafish. iScience 2021; 24:103386. [PMID: 34816109 PMCID: PMC8593614 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of lymphatic progenitors is a crucial step in lymphangiogenesis. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that noncanonical protease-activated receptor 1 (par1) regulates the differentiation of lymphatic progenitors in zebrafish embryos. Loss of par1 function impaired lymphatic differentiation by downregulating prox1a expression in parachordal lymphangioblasts and caused compromised thoracic duct formation in zebrafish. Meanwhile, the G protein gnai2a, a par1 downstream effector, was selectively required for lymphatic development in zebrafish, and its mutation mimicked the lymphatic phenotype observed in par1 mutants. Interestingly, mmp13, but not thrombin, was required for lymphatic development in zebrafish. Furthermore, analyses of genetic interactions confirmed that mmp13b serves as a par1 upstream protease to regulate lymphatic development in zebrafish embryos. Mechanistically, par1 promotes flt4 expression and phospho-Erk1/2 activity in the posterior cardinal vein. Taken together, our findings highlight a function of par1 in the regulation of lymphatic differentiation in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxi Lei
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Xiuru Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rouf
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yoga Mahendra
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Luming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yeqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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6
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Costa KCM, Brigante TAV, Fernandes GG, Scomparin DS, Scarante FF, de Oliveira DP, Campos AC. Zebrafish as a Translational Model: An Experimental Alternative to Study the Mechanisms Involved in Anosmia and Possible Neurodegenerative Aspects of COVID-19? eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0027-21.2021. [PMID: 33952614 PMCID: PMC8174008 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0027-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) presents a variability of clinical symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic to severe respiratory and systemic conditions. In a cohort of patients, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), beyond the classical respiratory manifestations, induces anosmia. Evidence has suggested SARS-CoV-2-induced anosmia can be the result of neurodegeneration of the olfactory pathway. Neurologic symptoms associated with COVID-19 have been reported; however, the precise mechanism and possible long-lasting effects remain poorly investigated. Preclinical models are valuable tools for describing and testing new possible treatments for neurologic disorders. In this way, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) organism model represents an attractive tool in the field of neuroscience, showing economic and logistic advantages besides genetic and physiologic similarities with mammalian, including the brain structure and functions. Besides, its external embryonic development, high availability of eggs, and fast development allows easy genetic manipulation and fast replications. In the present review, we suggest that the zebrafish model can be advantageous to investigate the neurologic features of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C M Costa
- Pharmacology of Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 14049-900,
| | - Tamires A V Brigante
- Pharmacology of Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 14049-900
| | - Gabriel G Fernandes
- Pharmacology of Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 14049-900
| | - Davi S Scomparin
- Pharmacology of Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 14049-900
| | - Franciele F Scarante
- Pharmacology of Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 14049-900
| | - Danielle P de Oliveira
- EcoHumanTox Laboratory, Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 14049-900
| | - Alline C Campos
- Pharmacology of Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 14049-900
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7
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Zanandrea R, Bonan CD, Campos MM. Zebrafish as a model for inflammation and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2201-2211. [PMID: 33035664 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a small teleost (bony) fish used in many areas of pharmacology and toxicology. This animal model has advantages for the discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as the potential for real-time assessment of cell migration mechanisms. Additionally, zebrafish display a repertoire of inflammatory cells, mediators, and receptors that are similar to those in mammals, including humans. Inflammatory disease modeling in either larvae or adult zebrafish represents a promising tool for the screening of new anti-inflammatory compounds, contributing to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in chronic inflammatory conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the characterization of inflammatory responses in zebrafish, emphasizing its relevance for drug discovery in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zanandrea
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla D Bonan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria M Campos
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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8
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9
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Hu B, Gao Y, Davies L, Woo S, Topczewski J, Jessen JR, Lin F. Glypican 4 and Mmp14 interact in regulating the migration of anterior endodermal cells by limiting extracellular matrix deposition. Development 2018; 145:dev.163303. [PMID: 30082271 DOI: 10.1242/dev.163303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the germ layers, including the endoderm, undergo convergence and extension movements to narrow and elongate the body plan. In zebrafish, the dorsal migration of endodermal cells during gastrulation is controlled by chemokine signaling, but little is known about how they migrate during segmentation. Here, we show that glypican 4 (Gpc4), a member of the heparin sulfate proteoglycan family, is required for efficient migration of anterior endodermal cells during early segmentation, regulating Rac activation to maintain polarized actin-rich lamellipodia. An endoderm transplantation assay showed that Gpc4 regulates endoderm migration in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Further analyses revealed that the impaired endoderm migration in gpc4 mutants results from increases in the expression and assembly of fibronectin and laminin, major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Notably, we found that matrix metalloproteinase 14 (Mmp14a/b) is required for the control of ECM expression during endoderm migration, with Gpc4 acting through Mmp14a/b to limit ECM expression. Our results suggest that Gpc4 is crucial for generating the environment required for efficient migration of endodermal cells, uncovering a novel function of Gpc4 during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Lauren Davies
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Stephanie Woo
- School of Natural Sciences, Merced, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95340, USA
| | - Jacek Topczewski
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Jason R Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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10
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Esancy K, Condon L, Feng J, Kimball C, Curtright A, Dhaka A. A zebrafish and mouse model for selective pruritus via direct activation of TRPA1. eLife 2018; 7:32036. [PMID: 29561265 PMCID: PMC5912907 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the capacity of lower vertebrates to experience itch. A screen of itch-inducing compounds (pruritogens) in zebrafish larvae yielded a single pruritogen, the TLR7 agonist imiquimod, that elicited a somatosensory neuron response. Imiquimod induced itch-like behaviors in zebrafish distinct from those induced by the noxious TRPA1 agonist, allyl isothiocyanate. In the zebrafish, imiquimod-evoked somatosensory neuronal responses and behaviors were entirely dependent upon TRPA1, while in the mouse TRPA1 was required for the direct activation of somatosensory neurons and partially responsible for behaviors elicited by this pruritogen. Imiquimod was found to be a direct but weak TRPA1 agonist that activated a subset of TRPA1 expressing neurons. Imiquimod-responsive TRPA1 expressing neurons were significantly more sensitive to noxious stimuli than other TRPA1 expressing neurons. Together, these results suggest a model for selective itch via activation of a specialized subpopulation of somatosensory neurons with a heightened sensitivity to noxious stimuli. Itch is a common and uncomfortable sensation that creates a strong desire to scratch. This mechanism may have evolved so animals can remove harmful parasites or substances from themselves. Feelings like touch, pain, and itch arise when stimuli such as mechanical pressure, temperature, or chemicals activate groups of specialized neurons in the skin. This response takes place when certain proteins – or receptors – at the surface of the neurons are stimulated. For instance, TRP ion channels such as TRPA1 play an important role in both the itch and pain responses. In mammals, directly activating these channels elicits pain. Itch is felt when itch responsive receptors are activated on a distinct set of neurons, which in turn activate TRP receptors. Although these processes have been well-studied in mammals, little is known about the existence of itch sensation in other animals. To explore this, Esancy, Condon, Feng et al. exposed zebrafish to chemicals that induce itch in mammals, and found that imiquimod, a medicine used to treat certain skin conditions, can elicit itch in fish. When this chemical was injected into the lips of a fish, the animal rubbed them against the walls of its tank, akin to scratching an itch. Further experiments showed that imiquimod directly activated the pain-sensing ion channel TRPA1. In fact, this receptor was essential to the ‘scratching’ behavior: fish genetically engineered to lack TRPA1 did not react to the drug. Fluorescent proteins were then used to track when the neurons that carry TRPA1 were activated.This revealed that, in the skin of zebrafish, there are at least two functionally distinct populations neurons that express TRPA1. One population, whose activation is associated with the animal ‘scratching’, responds even when TRPA1 receives a low level of stimulation. The other population is less sensitive: it responds only to high-intensity stimuli and is associated with a pain response such as freezing and slower movements. Further experiments in the mouse suggest that this mechanism is present in mammals as well. This coding strategy explains how pain and itch can be experienced when the same receptors are being activated. Studying how animals like fish experience itch gives an insight into how detecting these sensations could have evolved. In turn, understanding this mechanism at the molecular and cellular levels may help find new ways to design better treatments for itch and pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Esancy
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Logan Condon
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jing Feng
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Corinna Kimball
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Andrew Curtright
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Ajay Dhaka
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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11
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Schepis A, Barker A, Srinivasan Y, Balouch E, Zheng Y, Lam I, Clay H, Hsiao CD, Coughlin SR. Protease signaling regulates apical cell extrusion, cell contacts, and proliferation in epithelia. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1097-1112. [PMID: 29301867 PMCID: PMC5839797 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201709118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that sense and regulate epithelial morphogenesis, integrity, and homeostasis are incompletely understood. Protease-activated receptor 2 (Par2), the Par2-activating membrane-tethered protease matriptase, and its inhibitor, hepatocyte activator inhibitor 1 (Hai1), are coexpressed in most epithelia and may make up a local signaling system that regulates epithelial behavior. We explored the role of Par2b in matriptase-dependent skin abnormalities in Hai1a-deficient zebrafish embryos. We show an unexpected role for Par2b in regulation of epithelial apical cell extrusion, roles in regulating proliferation that were opposite in distinct but adjacent epithelial monolayers, and roles in regulating cell-cell junctions, mobility, survival, and expression of genes involved in tissue remodeling and inflammation. The epidermal growth factor receptor Erbb2 and matrix metalloproteinases, the latter induced by Par2b, may contribute to some matriptase- and Par2b-dependent phenotypes and be permissive for others. Our results suggest that local protease-activated receptor signaling can coordinate cell behaviors known to contribute to epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Schepis
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adrian Barker
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yoga Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eaman Balouch
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yaowu Zheng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ian Lam
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hilary Clay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Shaun R Coughlin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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12
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Gβ1 is required for neutrophil migration in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2017; 428:135-147. [PMID: 28554852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Signaling mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is essential for the migration of cells toward chemoattractants. The recruitment of neutrophils to injured tissues in zebrafish larvae is a useful model for studying neutrophil migration and trafficking in vivo. Indeed, the study of this process led to the discovery that PI3Kγ is required for the polarity and motility of neutrophils, features that are necessary for the directed migration of these cells to wounds. However, the mechanism by which PI3Kγ is activated remains to be determined. Here we show that signaling by specifically the heterotrimeric G protein subunit Gβ1 is critical for neutrophil migration in response to wounding. In embryos treated with small-molecule inhibitors of Gβγ signaling, neutrophils failed to migrate to wound sites. Although both the Gβ1 and Gβ4 isoforms are expressed in migrating neutrophils, only deficiency for the former (morpholino-based knockdown) interfered with the directed migration of neutrophils towards wounds. The Gβ1 deficiency also impaired the ability of cells to change cell shape and reduced their general motility, defects that are similar to those in neutrophils deficient for PI3Kγ. Transplantation assays showed that the requirement for Gβ1 in neutrophil migration is cell autonomous. Finally, live imaging revealed that Gβ1 is required for polarized activation of PI3K, and for the actin dynamics that enable neutrophil migration. Collectively, our data indicate that Gβ1 signaling controls proper neutrophil migration by activating PI3K and modulating actin dynamics. Moreover, they illustrate a role for a specific Gβ isoform in chemotaxis in vivo.
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13
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Xie H, Ye D, Sepich D, Lin F. S1pr2/Gα13 signaling regulates the migration of endocardial precursors by controlling endoderm convergence. Dev Biol 2016; 414:228-43. [PMID: 27158029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the heart tube requires synchronized migration of endocardial and myocardial precursors. Our previous studies indicated that in S1pr2/Gα13-deficient embryos, impaired endoderm convergence disrupted the medial migration of myocardial precursors, resulting in the formation of two myocardial populations. Here we show that endoderm convergence also regulates endocardial migration. In embryos defective for S1pr2/Gα13 signaling, endocardial precursors failed to migrate towards the midline, and the presumptive endocardium surrounded the bilaterally-located myocardial cells rather than being encompassed by them. In vivo imaging of control embryos revealed that, like their myocardial counterparts, endocardial precursors migrated with the converging endoderm, though from a more anterior point, then moved from the dorsal to the ventral side of the endoderm (subduction), and finally migrated posteriorly towards myocardial precursors, ultimately forming the inner layer of the heart tube. In embryos defective for endoderm convergence due to an S1pr2/Gα13 deficiency, both the medial migration and the subduction of endocardial precursors were impaired, and their posterior migration towards the myocardial precursors was premature. This placed them medial to the myocardial populations, physically blocking the medial migration of the myocardial precursors. Furthermore, contact between the endocardial and myocardial precursor populations disrupted the epithelial architecture of the myocardial precursors, and thus their medial migration; in embryos depleted of endocardial cells, the myocardial migration defect was partially rescued. Our data indicate that endoderm convergence regulates the medial migration of endocardial precursors, and that premature association of the endocardial and myocardial populations contributes to myocardial migration defects observed in S1pr2/Gα13-deficient embryos. The demonstration that endoderm convergence regulates the synchronized migration of endocardial and myocardial precursors reveals a new role of the endoderm in heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Xie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 1-400 Bowen Science Building, 51 N Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
| | - Ding Ye
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 1-400 Bowen Science Building, 51 N Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Diane Sepich
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 1-400 Bowen Science Building, 51 N Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA.
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14
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Jin M, Yang HW, Tao AL, Wei JF. Evolution of the protease-activated receptor family in vertebrates. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:593-602. [PMID: 26820116 PMCID: PMC4771116 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPcr) family, the protease-activated receptors (Pars) consist of 4 members, PAR1-4. PARs mediate the activation of cells via thrombin, serine and other proteases. Such protease-triggered signaling events are thought to be critical for hemostasis, thrombosis and other normal pathological processes. In the present study, we examined the evolution of PARs by analyzing phylogenetic trees, chromosome location, selective pressure and functional divergence based on the 169 functional gene alignment sequences from 57 vertebrate gene sequences. We found that the 4 Pars originated from 4 invertebrate ancestors by phylogenetic trees analysis. The selective pressure results revealed that only PAR1 appeared by positive selection during its evolution, while the other PAR members did not. In addition, we noticed that although these PARs evolved separately, the results of functional divergence indicated that their evolutional rates were similar and their functions did not significantly diverge. The findings of our study provide valuable insight into the evolutionary history of the vertebrate PAR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Lin Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
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15
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Xu H, Ye D, Behra M, Burgess S, Chen S, Lin F. Gβ1 controls collective cell migration by regulating the protrusive activity of leader cells in the posterior lateral line primordium. Dev Biol 2013; 385:316-27. [PMID: 24201188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is critical for normal development, tissue repair and cancer metastasis. Migration of the posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) generates the zebrafish sensory organs (neuromasts, NMs). This migration is promoted by the leader cells at the leading edge of the pLLP, which express the G protein-coupled chemokine receptor Cxcr4b and respond to the chemokine Cxcl12a. However, the mechanism by which Cxc112a/Cxcr4b signaling regulates pLLP migration remains unclear. Here we report that signal transduction by the heterotrimeric G protein subunit Gβ1 is essential for proper pLLP migration. Although both Gβ1 and Gβ4 are expressed in the pLLP and NMs, depletion of Gβ1 but not Gβ4 resulted in an arrest of pLLP migration. In embryos deficient for Gβ1, the pLLP cells migrated in an uncoordinated fashion and were unable to extend protrusions at the leading front, phenocopying those in embryos deficient for Cxcl12a or Cxcr4b. A transplantation assay showed that, like Cxcr4b, Gβ1 is required only in the leader cells of the pLLP. Analysis of F-actin dynamics in the pLLP revealed that whereas wild-type leader cells display extensive actin polymerization in the direction of pLLP migration, counterparts defective for Gβ1, Cxcr4b or Cxcl12a do not. Finally, synergy experiments revealed that Gβ1 and Cxcr4b interact genetically in regulating pLLP migration. Collectively, our data indicate that Gβ1 controls migration of the pLLP, likely by acting downstream of the Cxcl12a/Cxcr4b signaling. This study also provides compelling evidence for functional specificity among Gβ isoforms in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, USA
| | - Ding Ye
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, USA
| | - Martine Behra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Shawn Burgess
- Genome Technology Branch, NHGRI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Songhai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, USA
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, USA.
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16
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Watkins SC, Maniar S, Mosher M, Roman BL, Tsang M, St Croix CM. High resolution imaging of vascular function in zebrafish. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44018. [PMID: 22952858 PMCID: PMC3431338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale The role of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is an emerging field of study, necessitating the development of appropriate model systems and methodologies to investigate the multifaceted nature of endothelial dysfunction including disturbed barrier function and impaired vascular reactivity. Objective We aimed to develop and test an optimized high-speed imaging platform to obtain quantitative real-time measures of blood flow, vessel diameter and endothelial barrier function in order to assess vascular function in live vertebrate models. Methods and Results We used a combination of cutting-edge optical imaging techniques, including high-speed, camera-based imaging (up to 1000 frames/second), and 3D confocal methods to collect real time metrics of vascular performance and assess the dynamic response to the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) analogue, U-46619 (1 µM), in transgenic zebrafish larvae. Data obtained in 3 and 5 day post-fertilization larvae show that these methods are capable of imaging blood flow in a large (1 mm) segment of the vessel of interest over many cardiac cycles, with sufficient speed and sensitivity such that the trajectories of individual erythrocytes can be resolved in real time. Further, we are able to map changes in the three dimensional sizes of vessels and assess barrier function by visualizing the continuity of the endothelial layer combined with measurements of extravasation of fluorescent microspheres. Conclusions We propose that this system-based microscopic approach can be used to combine measures of physiologic function with molecular behavior in zebrafish models of human vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Salony Maniar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie Mosher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Beth L. Roman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Claudette M. St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Ellertsdottir E, Berthold PR, Bouzaffour M, Dufourcq P, Trayer V, Gauron C, Vriz S, Affolter M, Rampon C. Developmental role of zebrafish protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) in the cardio-vascular system. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42131. [PMID: 22860064 PMCID: PMC3408399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombin receptor, F2R or PAR1 is a G-protein coupled receptor, located in the membrane of endothelial cells. It has been initially found to transduce signals in hemostasis, but recently also known to act in cancer and in vascular development. Mouse embryos lacking PAR1 function die from hemorrhages with varying frequency at midgestation. We have performed a survey of potential PAR1 homologs in the zebrafish genome and identified a teleost ortholog of mammalian PAR1. Knockdown of par1 function in zebrafish embryos demonstrates a requirement for Par1 in cardio-vascular development. Furthermore, we show that function of Par1 requires the presence of a phylogenetically conserved proteolytic cleavage site and a second intracellular domain. Altogether our results demonstrate a high degree of conservation of PAR1 proteins in the vertebrate lineage in respect to amino acid sequence as well as protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Ellertsdottir
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Growth and Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Carole Gauron
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Paris, France
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 7241 and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vriz
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Paris, France
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 7241 and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Growth and Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Rampon
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Paris, France
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 7241 and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
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