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Verdejo-Torres O, Klein DC, Novoa-Aponte L, Carrazco-Carrillo J, Bonilla-Pinto D, Rivera A, Fitisemanu F, Jiménez-González ML, Flinn L, Pezacki AT, Lanzirotti A, Ortiz-Frade LA, Chang CJ, Navea JG, Blaby-Haas C, Hainer SJ, Padilla-Benavides T. Cysteine Rich Intestinal Protein 2 is a copper-responsive regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592485. [PMID: 38746126 PMCID: PMC11092763 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element required for respiration, neurotransmitter synthesis, oxidative stress response, and transcriptional regulation. Imbalance in Cu homeostasis can lead to several pathological conditions, affecting neuronal, cognitive, and muscular development. Mechanistically, Cu and Cu-binding proteins (Cu-BPs) have an important but underappreciated role in transcription regulation in mammalian cells. In this context, our lab investigates the contributions of novel Cu-BPs in skeletal muscle differentiation using murine primary myoblasts. Through an unbiased synchrotron X-ray fluorescence-mass spectrometry (XRF/MS) metalloproteomic approach, we identified the murine cysteine rich intestinal protein 2 (mCrip2) in a sample that showed enriched Cu signal, which was isolated from differentiating primary myoblasts derived from mouse satellite cells. Immunolocalization analyses showed that mCrip2 is abundant in both nuclear and cytosolic fractions. Thus, we hypothesized that mCrip2 might have differential roles depending on its cellular localization in the skeletal muscle lineage. mCrip2 is a LIM-family protein with 4 conserved Zn2+-binding sites. Homology and phylogenetic analyses showed that mammalian Crip2 possesses histidine residues near two of the Zn2+-binding sites (CX2C-HX2C) which are potentially implicated in Cu+-binding and competition with Zn2+. Biochemical characterization of recombinant human hsCRIP2 revealed a high Cu+-binding affinity for two and four Cu+ ions and limited redox potential. Functional characterization using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of mCrip2 in primary myoblasts did not impact proliferation, but impaired myogenesis by decreasing the expression of differentiation markers, possibly attributed to Cu accumulation. Transcriptome analyses of proliferating and differentiating mCrip2 KO myoblasts showed alterations in mRNA processing, protein translation, ribosome synthesis, and chromatin organization. CUT&RUN analyses showed that mCrip2 associates with a select set of gene promoters, including MyoD1 and metallothioneins, acting as a novel Cu-responsive or Cu-regulating protein. Our work demonstrates novel regulatory functions of mCrip2 that mediate skeletal muscle differentiation, presenting new features of the Cu-network in myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Verdejo-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, CT, 06459. USA
| | - David C. Klein
- Department of Biological Sciences. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 15207. USA
| | - Lorena Novoa-Aponte
- Present address: Genetics and Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. USA
| | | | - Denzel Bonilla-Pinto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, CT, 06459. USA
| | - Antonio Rivera
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, CT, 06459. USA
| | | | | | - Lyra Flinn
- Chemistry Department. Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs New York, 12866. USA
| | - Aidan T. Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry. University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720. USA
| | - Antonio Lanzirotti
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Lemont, IL 60439. USA
| | | | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry. University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720. USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology. University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720. USA
| | - Juan G. Navea
- Chemistry Department. Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs New York, 12866. USA
| | - Crysten Blaby-Haas
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA & DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. USA
| | - Sarah J. Hainer
- Department of Biological Sciences. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 15207. USA
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2
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Mary L, Leclerc D, Gilot D, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Jaillard S. The TALE never ends: A comprehensive overview of the role of PBX1, a TALE transcription factor, in human developmental defects. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1125-1148. [PMID: 35451537 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PBX1 is a highly conserved atypical homeodomain transcription factor (TF) belonging to the TALE (three amino acid loop extension) family. Dimerized with other TALE proteins, it can interact with numerous partners and reach dozens of regulating sequences, suggesting its role as a pioneer factor. PBX1 is expressed throughout the embryonic stages (as early as the blastula stage) in vertebrates. In human, PBX1 germline variations are linked to syndromic renal anomalies (CAKUTHED). In this review, we summarized available data on PBX1 functions, PBX1-deficient animal models, and PBX1 germline variations in humans. Two types of genetic alterations were identified in PBX1 gene. PBX1 missense variations generate a severe phenotype including lung hypoplasia, cardiac malformations, and sexual development defects (DSDs). Conversely, truncating variants generate milder phenotypes (mainly cryptorchidism and deafness). We suggest that defects in PBX1 interactions with various partners, including proteins from the HOX (HOXA7, HOXA10, etc.), WNT (WNT9B, WNT3), and Polycomb (BMI1, EED) families are responsible for abnormal proliferation and differentiation of the embryonic mesenchyme. These alterations could explain most of the defects observed in humans. However, some phenotype variability (especially DSDs) remains poorly understood. Further studies are needed to explore the TALE family in greater depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mary
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)- UMR_S 1085, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Delphine Leclerc
- Inserm U1242, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - David Gilot
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
- Inserm U1242, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Belaud-Rotureau
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)- UMR_S 1085, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)- UMR_S 1085, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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3
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Vicente-García C, Hernández-Camacho JD, Carvajal JJ. Regulation of myogenic gene expression. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Morita T, Hayashi K. Actin-related protein 5 functions as a novel modulator of MyoD and MyoG in skeletal muscle and in rhabdomyosarcoma. eLife 2022; 11:77746. [PMID: 35348112 PMCID: PMC8983046 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are pivotal transcription factors in myogenic differentiation. MyoD commits cells to the skeletal muscle lineage by inducing myogenic genes through recruitment of chromatin remodelers to its target loci. This study showed that Actin-related protein 5 (Arp5) acts as an inhibitory regulator of MyoD and MyoG by binding to their cysteine-rich (CR) region, which overlaps with the region essential for their epigenetic functions. Arp5 expression was faint in skeletal muscle tissues. Excessive Arp5 in mouse hind limbs caused skeletal muscle fiber atrophy. Further, Arp5 overexpression in myoblasts inhibited myotube formation by diminishing myogenic gene expression, whereas Arp5 depletion augmented myogenic gene expression. Arp5 disturbed MyoD-mediated chromatin remodeling through competition with the three-amino-acid-loop-extension-class homeodomain transcription factors the Pbx1–Meis1 heterodimer for binding to the CR region. This antimyogenic function was independent of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex, although Arp5 is an important component of that. In rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells, Arp5 expression was significantly higher than in normal myoblasts and skeletal muscle tissue, probably contributing to MyoD and MyoG activity dysregulation. Arp5 depletion in RMS partially restored myogenic properties while inhibiting tumorigenic properties. Thus, Arp5 is a novel modulator of MRFs in skeletal muscle differentiation.
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Núñez-Álvarez Y, Suelves M. HDAC11: a multifaceted histone deacetylase with proficient fatty deacylase activity and its roles in physiological processes. FEBS J 2021; 289:2771-2792. [PMID: 33891374 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The histone deacetylases (HDACs) family of enzymes possess deacylase activity for histone and nonhistone proteins; HDAC11 is the latest discovered HDAC and the only member of class IV. Besides its shared HDAC family catalytical activity, recent studies underline HDAC11 as a multifaceted enzyme with a very efficient long-chain fatty acid deacylase activity, which has open a whole new field of action for this protein. Here, we summarize the importance of HDAC11 in a vast array of cellular pathways, which has been recently highlighted by discoveries about its subcellular localization, biochemical features, and its regulation by microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, as well as its new targets and interactors. Additionally, we discuss the recent work showing the consequences of HDAC11 dysregulation in brain, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, and during regeneration in response to kidney, skeletal muscle, and vascular injuries, underscoring HDAC11 as an emerging hub protein with physiological functions that are much more extensive than previously thought, and with important implications in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mònica Suelves
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
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6
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The cooperation of cis-elements during M-cadherin promoter activation. Biochem J 2021; 478:911-926. [PMID: 33527978 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
M-cadherin is a skeletal muscle-specific transmembrane protein mediating the cell-cell adhesion of myoblasts during myogenesis. It is expressed in the proliferating satellite cells and highly induced by myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) during terminal myogenic differentiation. Several conserved cis-elements, including 5 E-boxes, 2 GC boxes, and 1 conserved downstream element (CDE) were identified in the M-cadherin proximal promoter. We found that E-box-3 and -4 close to the transcription initiation site (TIS) mediated most of its transactivation by MyoD, the strongest myogenic MRF. Including of any one of the other E-boxes restored the full activation by MyoD, suggesting an essential collaboration between E-boxes. Stronger activation of M-cadherin promoter than that of muscle creatine kinase (MCK) by MyoD was observed regardless of culture conditions and the presence of E47. Furthermore, MyoD/E47 heterodimer and MyoD ∼ E47 fusion protein achieved similar levels of activation in differentiation medium (DM), suggesting high affinity of MyoD/E47 to E-boxes 3/4 under DM. We also found that GC boxes and CDE positively affected MyoD mediated activation. The CDE element was predicted to be the target of the chromatin-modifying factor Meis1/Pbx1 heterodimer. Knockdown of Pbx1 significantly reduced the expression level of M-cadherin, but increased that of N-cadherin. Using ChIP assay, we further found significant reduction in MyoD recruitment to M-cadherin promoter when CDE was deleted. Taken together, these observations suggest that the chromatin-modifying function of Pbx1/Meis1 is critical to M-cadherin promoter activation before MyoD is recruited to E-boxes to trigger transcription.
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7
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Van de Walle P, Muñoz-Jiménez C, Askjaer P, Schoofs L, Temmerman L. DamID identifies targets of CEH-60/PBX that are associated with neuron development and muscle structure in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242939. [PMID: 33306687 PMCID: PMC7732058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors govern many of the time- and tissue-specific gene expression events in living organisms. CEH-60, a homolog of the TALE transcription factor PBX in vertebrates, was recently characterized as a new regulator of intestinal lipid mobilization in Caenorhabditis elegans. Because CEH-60's orthologs and paralogs exhibit several other functions, notably in neuron and muscle development, and because ceh-60 expression is not limited to the C. elegans intestine, we sought to identify additional functions of CEH-60 through DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID). DamID identifies protein-genome interaction sites through GATC-specific methylation. We here report 872 putative CEH-60 gene targets in young adult animals, and 587 in L2 larvae, many of which are associated with neuron development or muscle structure. In light of this, we investigate morphology and function of ceh-60 expressing AWC neurons, and contraction of pharyngeal muscles. We find no clear functional consequences of loss of ceh-60 in these assays, suggesting that in AWC neurons and pharyngeal muscle, CEH-60 function is likely more subtle or redundant with other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Van de Walle
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celia Muñoz-Jiménez
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD), CSIC/JA/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Peter Askjaer
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD), CSIC/JA/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Tian H, Liu S, Ren J, Lee JKW, Wang R, Chen P. Role of Histone Deacetylases in Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Systemic Energy Homeostasis: Implications for Metabolic Diseases and Therapy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:949. [PMID: 32848876 PMCID: PMC7431662 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ in the human body and is able to rapidly adapt to drastic changes during exercise. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which target histone and non-histone proteins, are two major enzyme families that control the biological process of histone acetylation and deacetylation. Balance between these two enzymes serves as an essential element for gene expression and metabolic and physiological function. Genetic KO/TG murine models reveal that HDACs possess pivotal roles in maintaining skeletal muscles' metabolic homeostasis, regulating skeletal muscles motor adaptation and exercise capacity. HDACs may be involved in mitochondrial remodeling, insulin sensitivity regulation, turn on/off of metabolic fuel switching and orchestrating physiological homeostasis of skeletal muscles from the process of myogenesis. Moreover, many myogenic factors and metabolic factors are modulated by HDACs. HDACs are considered as therapeutic targets in clinical research for treatment of cancer, inflammation, and neurological and metabolic-related diseases. This review will focus on physiological function of HDACs in skeletal muscles and provide new ideas for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jason Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Global Asia Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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9
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PCAF Involvement in Lamin A/C-HDAC2 Interplay during the Early Phase of Muscle Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071735. [PMID: 32698523 PMCID: PMC7409167 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C has been implicated in the epigenetic regulation of muscle gene expression through dynamic interaction with chromatin domains and epigenetic enzymes. We previously showed that lamin A/C interacts with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). In this study, we deepened the relevance and regulation of lamin A/C-HDAC2 interaction in human muscle cells. We present evidence that HDAC2 binding to lamina A/C is related to HDAC2 acetylation on lysine 75 and expression of p300-CBP associated factor (PCAF), an acetyltransferase known to acetylate HDAC2. Our findings show that lamin A and farnesylated prelamin A promote PCAF recruitment to the nuclear lamina and lamin A/C binding in human myoblasts committed to myogenic differentiation, while protein interaction is decreased in differentiating myotubes. Interestingly, PCAF translocation to the nuclear envelope, as well as lamin A/C-PCAF interaction, are reduced by transient expression of lamin A mutated forms causing Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Consistent with this observation, lamin A/C interaction with both PCAF and HDAC2 is significantly reduced in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy myoblasts. Overall, these results support the view that, by recruiting PCAF and HDAC2 in a molecular platform, lamin A/C might contribute to regulate their epigenetic activity required in the early phase of muscle differentiation.
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10
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Bhattacharya D, Scimè A. Mitochondrial Function in Muscle Stem Cell Fates. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:480. [PMID: 32612995 PMCID: PMC7308489 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that control cellular metabolism through an integrated mechanism of energy generation via oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from this canonical role, it is also integral for ROS production, fatty acid metabolism and epigenetic remodeling. Recently, a role for the mitochondria in effecting stem cell fate decisions has gained considerable interest. This is important for skeletal muscle, which exhibits a remarkable property for regeneration following injury, owing to satellite cells (SCs), the adult myogenic stem cells. Mitochondrial function is associated with maintaining and dictating SC fates, linked to metabolic programming during quiescence, activation, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Notably, mitochondrial adaptation might take place to alter SC fates and function in the presence of different environmental cues. This review dissects the contribution of mitochondria to SC operational outcomes, focusing on how their content, function, dynamics and adaptability work to influence SC fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Scimè
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Zhang W, Yu L, Han X, Pan J, Deng J, Zhu L, Lu Y, Huang W, Liu S, Li Q, Liu Y. The secretome of human dental pulp stem cells protects myoblasts from hypoxia‑induced injury via the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1501-1513. [PMID: 32323739 PMCID: PMC7138287 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) present several advantages, including their ability to be non-invasively harvested without ethical concern. The secretome of hDPSCs can promote the functional recovery of various tissue injuries. However, the protective effects on hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle injury remain to be explored. The present study demonstrated that C2C12 myoblast coculture with hDPSCs attenuated CoCl2-induced hypoxic injury compared with C2C12 alone. The hDPSC secretome increased cell viability and differentiation and decreased G2/M cell cycle arrest under hypoxic conditions. These results were further verified using hDPSC-conditioned medium (hDPSC-CM). The present data revealed that the protective effects of hDPSC-CM depend on the concentration ratio of the CM. In terms of the underlying molecular mechanism, hDPSC-CM activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which increased the protein levels of Wnt1, phosphorylated-glycogen synthase kinase-3β and β-catenin and the mRNA levels of Wnt target genes. By contrast, an inhibitor (XAV939) of Wnt/β-catenin diminished the protective effects of hDPSC-CM. Taken together, the findings of the present study demonstrated that the hDPSC secretome alleviated the hypoxia-induced myoblast injury potentially through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings may provide new insight into a therapeutic alternative using the hDPSC secretome in skeletal muscle hypoxia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Liming Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Luying Zhu
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
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12
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Ledo AM, Senra A, Rilo-Alvarez H, Borrajo E, Vidal A, Alonso MJ, Garcia-Fuentes M. mRNA-activated matrices encoding transcription factors as primers of cell differentiation in tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2020; 247:120016. [PMID: 32272302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene-activated matrices (GAMs) encoding pivotal transcription factors (TFs) represent a powerful tool to direct stem cell specification for tissue engineering applications. However, current TF-based GAMs activated with pDNA, are challenged by their low transfection efficiency and delayed transgene expression. Here, we report a GAM technology activated with mRNAs encoding TFs SOX9 (cartilage) and MYOD (muscle). We find that these mRNA-GAMs induce a higher and faster TF expression compared to pDNA-GAMs, especially in the case of RNase resistant mRNA sequences. This potent TF expression was translated into a high synthesis of cartilage- and muscle-specific markers, and ultimately, into successful tissue specification in vitro. Additionally, we show that the expression of tissue-specific markers can be further modulated by altering the properties of the mRNA-GAM environment. These results highlight the value of this GAM technology for priming cell lineage specification, a key centerpiece for future tissue engineering devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Ledo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, IDIS Research Institute, CiMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Senra
- Histology Unit, CiMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Héctor Rilo-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, IDIS Research Institute, CiMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Erea Borrajo
- Department of Physiology, IDIS Research Institute, CiMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anxo Vidal
- Department of Physiology, IDIS Research Institute, CiMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria J Alonso
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, IDIS Research Institute, CiMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos Garcia-Fuentes
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, IDIS Research Institute, CiMUS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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13
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Breuls N, Giacomazzi G, Sampaolesi M. (Epi)genetic Modifications in Myogenic Stem Cells: From Novel Insights to Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050429. [PMID: 31075875 PMCID: PMC6562881 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is considered to be an ideal target for stem cell therapy as it has an inherent regenerative capacity. Upon injury, the satellite cells, muscle stem cells that reside under the basal lamina of the myofibres, start to differentiate in order to reconstitute the myofibres while maintaining the initial stem cell pool. In recent years, it has become more and more evident that epigenetic mechanisms such as histon modifications, DNA methylations and microRNA modulations play a pivatol role in this differentiation process. By understanding the mechanisms behind myogenesis, researchers are able to use this knowledge to enhance the differentiation and engraftment potential of different muscle stem cells. Besides manipulation on an epigenetic level, recent advances in the field of genome-engineering allow site-specific modifications in the genome of these stem cells. Combining epigenetic control of the stem cell fate with the ability to site-specifically correct mutations or add genes for further cell control, can increase the use of stem cells as treatment of muscular dystrophies drastically. In this review, we will discuss the advances that have been made in genome-engineering and the epigenetic regulation of muscle stem cells and how this knowledge can help to get stem cell therapy to its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Breuls
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, 3000 KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Giorgia Giacomazzi
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, 3000 KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, 3000 KU Leuven, Belgium.
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, and Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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14
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Selleri L, Zappavigna V, Ferretti E. 'Building a perfect body': control of vertebrate organogenesis by PBX-dependent regulatory networks. Genes Dev 2019; 33:258-275. [PMID: 30824532 PMCID: PMC6411007 DOI: 10.1101/gad.318774.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pbx genes encode transcription factors that belong to the TALE (three-amino-acid loop extension) superclass of homeodomain proteins. We have witnessed a surge in information about the roles of this gene family as leading actors in the transcriptional control of development. PBX proteins represent a clear example of how transcription factors can regulate developmental processes by combinatorial properties, acting within multimeric complexes to implement activation or repression of transcription depending on their interaction partners. Here, we revisit long-emphasized functions of PBX transcription factors as cofactors for HOX proteins, major architects of the body plan. We further discuss new knowledge on roles of PBX proteins in different developmental contexts as upstream regulators of Hox genes-as factors that interact with non-HOX proteins and can work independently of HOX-as well as potential pioneer factors. Committed to building a perfect body, PBX proteins govern regulatory networks that direct essential morphogenetic processes and organogenesis in vertebrate development. Perturbations of PBX-dependent networks can cause human congenital disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Vincenzo Zappavigna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Temporal regulation of chromatin during myoblast differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:77-86. [PMID: 29079444 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The commitment to and execution of differentiation programmes involves a significant change in gene expression in the precursor cell to facilitate development of the mature cell type. In addition to being regulated by lineage-determining and auxiliary transcription factors that drive these changes, the structural status of the chromatin has a considerable impact on the transcriptional competence of differentiation-specific genes, which is clearly demonstrated by the large number of cofactors and the extraordinary complex mechanisms by which these genes become activated. The terminal differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes and mature skeletal muscle is an excellent system to illustrate these points. The MyoD family of closely related, lineage-determining transcription factors directs, largely through targeting to chromatin, a cascade of cooperating transcription factors and enzymes that incorporate or remove variant histones, post-translationally modify histones, and alter nucleosome structure and positioning via energy released by ATP hydrolysis. The coordinated action of these transcription factors and enzymes prevents expression of differentiation-specific genes in myoblasts and facilitates the transition of these genes from transcriptionally repressed to activated during the differentiation process. Regulation is achieved in both a temporal as well as spatial manner, as at least some of these factors and enzymes affect local chromatin structure at myogenic gene regulatory sequences as well as higher-order genome organization. Here we discuss the transition of genes that promote myoblast differentiation from the silenced to the activated state with an emphasis on the changes that occur to individual histones and the chromatin structure present at these loci.
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16
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Ayuso M, Fernández A, Núñez Y, Benítez R, Isabel B, Fernández AI, Rey AI, González-Bulnes A, Medrano JF, Cánovas Á, López-Bote CJ, Óvilo C. Developmental Stage, Muscle and Genetic Type Modify Muscle Transcriptome in Pigs: Effects on Gene Expression and Regulatory Factors Involved in Growth and Metabolism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167858. [PMID: 27936208 PMCID: PMC5148031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iberian pig production includes purebred (IB) and Duroc-crossbred (IBxDU) pigs, which show important differences in growth, fattening and tissue composition. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of genetic type and muscle (Longissimus dorsi (LD) vs Biceps femoris (BF)) on gene expression and transcriptional regulation at two developmental stages. Nine IB and 10 IBxDU piglets were slaughtered at birth, and seven IB and 10 IBxDU at four months of age (growing period). Carcass traits and LD intramuscular fat (IMF) content were measured. Muscle transcriptome was analyzed on LD samples with RNA-Seq technology. Carcasses were smaller in IB than in IBxDU neonates (p < 0.001), while growing IB pigs showed greater IMF content (p < 0.05). Gene expression was affected (p < 0.01 and Fold change > 1.5) by the developmental stage (5,812 genes), muscle type (135 genes), and genetic type (261 genes at birth and 113 at growth). Newborns transcriptome reflected a highly proliferative developmental stage, while older pigs showed upregulation of catabolic and muscle functioning processes. Regarding the genetic type effect, IBxDU newborns showed enrichment of gene pathways involved in muscle growth, in agreement with the higher prenatal growth observed in these pigs. However, IB growing pigs showed enrichment of pathways involved in protein deposition and cellular growth, supporting the compensatory gain experienced by IB pigs during this period. Moreover, newborn and growing IB pigs showed more active glucose and lipid metabolism than IBxDU pigs. Moreover, LD muscle seems to have more active muscular and cell growth, while BF points towards lipid metabolism and fat deposition. Several regulators controlling transcriptome changes in both genotypes were identified across muscles and ages (SIM1, PVALB, MEFs, TCF7L2 or FOXO1), being strong candidate genes to drive expression and thus, phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs. Many of the identified regulators were known to be involved in muscle and adipose tissues development, but others not previously associated with pig muscle growth were also identified, as PVALB, KLF1 or IRF2. The present study discloses potential molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic differences observed between IB and IBxDU pigs and highlights candidate genes implicated in these molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ayuso
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Núñez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita Benítez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Isabel
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana I. Rey
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan F. Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ángela Cánovas
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Clemente J. López-Bote
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Óvilo
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Hardwick LJA, Davies JD, Philpott A. MyoD phosphorylation on multiple C terminal sites regulates myogenic conversion activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:97-103. [PMID: 27823936 PMCID: PMC5127879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
MyoD is a master regulator of myogenesis with a potent ability to redirect the cell fate of even terminally differentiated cells. Hence, enhancing the activity of MyoD is an important step to maximising its potential utility for in vitro disease modelling and cell replacement therapies. We have previously shown that the reprogramming activity of several neurogenic bHLH proteins can be substantially enhanced by inhibiting their multi-site phosphorylation by proline-directed kinases. Here we have used Xenopus embryos as an in vivo developmental and reprogramming system to investigate the multi-site phospho-regulation of MyoD during muscle differentiation. We show that, in addition to modification of a previously well-characterised site, Serine 200, MyoD is phosphorylated on multiple additional serine/threonine sites during primary myogenesis. Through mutational analysis, we derive an optimally active phospho-mutant form of MyoD that has a dramatically enhanced ability to drive myogenic reprogramming in vivo. Mechanistically, this is achieved through increased protein stability and enhanced chromatin association. Therefore, multi-site phospho-regulation of class II bHLH proteins is conserved across cell lineages and germ layers, and manipulation of phosphorylation of these key regulators may have further potential for enhancing mammalian cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J A Hardwick
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK; Peterhouse, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1RD, UK.
| | - John D Davies
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Anna Philpott
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
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18
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Shang FF, Xia QJ, Liu W, Xia L, Qian BJ, You L, He M, Yang JL, Wang TH. miR-434-3p and DNA hypomethylation co-regulate eIF5A1 to increase AChRs and to improve plasticity in SCT rat skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22884. [PMID: 26964899 PMCID: PMC4786822 DOI: 10.1038/srep22884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) serve as connections between motor neurons and skeletal muscle and are essential for recovery from spinal cord transection (SCT). Recently, microRNAs have emerged as important potential biotherapeutics for several diseases; however, whether miRNAs operate in the modulation of AChRs remains unknown. We found increased AChRs numbers and function scores in rats with SCT; these increases were reduced following the injection of a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A1 (eIF5A1) shRNA lentivirus into the hindlimb muscle. Then, high-throughput screening for microRNAs targeting eIF5A1 was performed, and miR-434-3p was found to be robustly depleted in SCT rat skeletal muscle. Furthermore, a highly conserved miR-434-3p binding site was identified within the mRNA encoding eIF5A1 through bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase assay. Overexpression or knockdown of miR-434-3p in vivo demonstrated it was a negative post-transcriptional regulator of eIF5A1 expression and influenced AChRs expression. The microarray-enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms regulated by miR-434-3p were muscle development terms. Using a lentivirus, one functional gene (map2k6) was confirmed to have a similar function to that of miR-434-3p in GO terms. Finally, HRM and MeDIP-PCR analyses revealed that DNA demethylation also up-regulated eIF5A1 after SCT. Consequently, miR-434-3p/eIF5A1 in muscle is a promising potential biotherapy for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Shang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Xia
- Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Jiang Qian
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming medical University, Kunming, 650031, P.R. China
| | - Ling You
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming medical University, Kunming, 650031, P.R. China
| | - Mu He
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Liang Yang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming medical University, Kunming, 650031, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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19
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Abstract
Proper control of the temporal onset of cellular differentiation is critical for regulating cell lineage decisions and morphogenesis during development. Pbx homeodomain transcription factors have emerged as important regulators of cellular differentiation. We previously showed, by using antisense morpholino knockdown, that Pbx factors are needed for the timely activation of myocardial differentiation in zebrafish. In order to gain further insight into the roles of Pbx factors in heart development, we show here that zebrafish pbx4 mutant embryos exhibit delayed onset of myocardial differentiation, such as delayed activation of tnnt2a expression in early cardiomyocytes in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm. We also observe delayed myocardial morphogenesis and dysmorphic patterning of the ventricle and atrium, consistent with our previous Pbx knock-down studies. In addition, we find that pbx4 mutant larvae have aberrant outflow tracts and defective expression of the proepicardial marker tbx18. Finally, we present evidence for Pbx expression in cardiomyocyte precursors as well as heterogeneous Pbx expression among the pan-cytokeratin-expressing proepicardial cells near the developing ventricle. In summary, our data show that Pbx4 is required for the proper temporal activation of myocardial differentiation and establish a basis for studying additional roles of Pbx factors in heart development.
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20
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Liu Y, Li F, Kong X, Tan B, Li Y, Duan Y, Blachier F, Hu CAA, Yin Y. Signaling Pathways Related to Protein Synthesis and Amino Acid Concentration in Pig Skeletal Muscles Depend on the Dietary Protein Level, Genotype and Developmental Stages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138277. [PMID: 26394157 PMCID: PMC4578863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle growth is regulated by the homeostatic balance of the biosynthesis and degradation of muscle proteins. To elucidate the molecular interactions among diet, pig genotype, and physiological stage, we examined the effect of dietary protein concentration, pig genotype, and physiological stages on amino acid (AA) pools, protein deposition, and related signaling pathways in different types of skeletal muscles. The study used 48 Landrace pigs and 48 pure-bred Bama mini-pigs assigned to each of 2 dietary treatments: lower/GB (Chinese conventional diet)- or higher/NRC (National Research Council)-protein diet. Diets were fed from 5 weeks of age to respective market weights of each genotype. Samples of biceps femoris muscle (BFM, type I) and longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM, type II) were collected at nursery, growing, and finishing phases according to the physiological stage of each genotype, to determine the AA concentrations, mRNA levels for growth-related genes in muscles, and protein abundances of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Our data showed that the concentrations of most AAs in LDM and BFM of pigs increased (P<0.05) gradually with increasing age. Bama mini-pigs had generally higher (P<0.05) muscle concentrations of flavor-related AA, including Met, Phe, Tyr, Pro, and Ser, compared with Landrace pigs. The mRNA levels for myogenic determining factor, myogenin, myocyte-specific enhancer binding factor 2 A, and myostatin of Bama mini-pigs were higher (P<0.05) than those of Landrace pigs, while total and phosphorylated protein levels for protein kinase B, mTOR, and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinases (p70S6K), and ratios of p-mTOR/mTOR, p-AKT/AKT, and p-p70S6K/p70S6K were lower (P<0.05). There was a significant pig genotype-dependent effect of dietary protein on the levels for mTOR and p70S6K. When compared with the higher protein-NRC diet, the lower protein-GB diet increased (P<0.05) the levels for mTOR and p70S6K in Bama mini-pigs, but repressed (P<0.05) the level for p70S6K in Landrace pigs. The higher protein-NRC diet increased ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR in Landrace pigs. These findings indicated that the dynamic consequences of AA profile and protein deposition in muscle tissues are the concerted effort of distinctive genotype, nutrient status, age, and muscle type. Our results provide valuable information for animal feeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Research Institute, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail: (XK); (YY)
| | - Bie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - François Blachier
- INRA, CNRH-IdF, AgroParisTech, UMR 914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Chien-An A. Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States of America
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Biology, Hunan Normal Univesity, Hunan, Changsha City, 410018, China
- Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Limited Company, Guangdong Hinapharm Group and WangDa Academician Workstation, Hunan, Changsha City, 41019, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XK); (YY)
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21
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Nasipak BT, Padilla-Benavides T, Green KM, Leszyk JD, Mao W, Konda S, Sif S, Shaffer SA, Ohkawa Y, Imbalzano AN. Opposing calcium-dependent signalling pathways control skeletal muscle differentiation by regulating a chromatin remodelling enzyme. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7441. [PMID: 26081415 PMCID: PMC4530624 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is important for differentiation-dependent gene expression, but is also involved in other cellular functions. Therefore mechanisms must exist to distinguish calcium signaling relevant to differentiation. Calcineurin is a calcium-regulated phosphatase that is required for myogenic gene expression and skeletal muscle differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of calcineurin blocks chromatin remodeling and that the Brg1 ATPase of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzyme, which is required for the activation of myogenic gene expression, is a calcineurin substrate. Furthermore, we identify the calcium-regulated classical protein kinase C beta (PKCβ) as a repressor of myogenesis and as the enzyme that opposes calcineurin function. Replacement of endogenous Brg1 with a phosphomimetic mutant in primary myoblasts inhibits myogenesis, while replacement with a non-phosphorylatable mutant allows myogenesis despite inhibition of calcineurin signaling, demonstrating the functionality of calcineurin/PKC modified residues. Thus the Brg1 chromatin remodeling enzyme integrates two antagonistic calcium-dependent signaling pathways that control myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Nasipak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Karin M Green
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - John D Leszyk
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Wenjie Mao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Silvana Konda
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Saïd Sif
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.,Department Advanced Medical Initiatives, JST-CREST, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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22
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Stoppel WL, Ghezzi CE, McNamara SL, Black LD, Kaplan DL. Clinical applications of naturally derived biopolymer-based scaffolds for regenerative medicine. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:657-80. [PMID: 25537688 PMCID: PMC8196399 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Naturally derived polymeric biomaterials, such as collagens, silks, elastins, alginates, and fibrins are utilized in tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and tunable mechanical and degradation kinetics. The use of these natural biopolymers in biomedical applications is advantageous because they do not release cytotoxic degradation products, are often processed using environmentally-friendly aqueous-based methods, and their degradation rates within biological systems can be manipulated by modifying the starting formulation or processing conditions. For these reasons, many recent in vivo investigations and FDA-approval of new biomaterials for clinical use have utilized natural biopolymers as matrices for cell delivery and as scaffolds for cell-free support of native tissues. This review highlights biopolymer-based scaffolds used in clinical applications for the regeneration and repair of native tissues, with a focus on bone, skeletal muscle, peripheral nerve, cardiac muscle, and cornea substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L. Stoppel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Chiara E. Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Stephanie L. McNamara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- The Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren D. Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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