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Umeda-Ikawa A, Shimokawa I, Doi K. Time-course expression profiles of hair cycle-associated genes in male mini rats after depilation of telogen-phase hairs. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:1967-1977. [PMID: 19564932 PMCID: PMC2695260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10051967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jcl:WistarTGN(ARGHGEN)1Nts rat (Mini rat) is a growth hormone (GH)-deficient transgenic rat. The hair cycle in the dorsal skin of male Mini rats enters a long-lasting telogen phase after eights weeks of age, but depilation can induce a transient hair cycle again. In this study, a time-course profiling of genes expression was done on the dorsal skin of male Mini rats along the progression of depilation-induced hair cycle using DNA microarray analysis. As a result, 1,215 probe sets including 1,171 hair cycle-related ones showed more than 3-fold changes in expression compared with that in before-depilation telogen phase. The present data will contribute to elucidating the mechanisms of hair cycle regulation and should lead to the identification of novel molecular targets for hair growth and/or depilation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Umeda-Ikawa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Isao Shimokawa
- Department of Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, Pathology, and Gerontology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Kunio Doi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; E-Mail:
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shin-Machi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel. +81-428-1086; Fax: +81-428-31-6166
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2
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Beyea JA, Olson DM, Harvey S. Growth hormone-dependent changes in the rat lung proteome during alveorization. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 321:197-204. [PMID: 18985281 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) mRNA and protein have recently been demonstrated in the rat lung throughout the period of alveolarization (day 4-14 postnatally). The functional significance of this finding was therefore assessed, by determining the effects of GH mRNA knockout using aerosolized antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) directed against the GH gene. In a preliminary experiment, the effectiveness of the antisense GH ODN was demonstrated in a lung Type II epithelial cell line (L2 cells), in which constitutive GH mRNA expression was completely abolished by GH ODN transfection. Administration of the aerosolized GH ODN to 4-day-old rats for 10 days was accompanied by a widespread presence of its delivery liposomes within lung cells. Aerosolized GH ODN treatment decreased lung concentrations of IGF (insulin-like growth factor)-1 and increased concentrations of albumin, calcyclin binding protein, superoxide dismutase, RNA binding protein motif 3, and the alpha- and beta-subunits of ATP synthase and electron transfer flavoprotein. At least 32 other proteins (identified by 2D gel electrophoresis) were also significantly affected by the antisense GH ODN treatment. By changing the lung proteome, these results indicate hitherto unsuspected autocrine/paracrine actions of GH in developmental lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Beyea
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
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3
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Matsumoto Y, Tsukamoto Y, Miki T, Ogawa K, Lee KY, Yokoyama T, Satriotomo I, Li HP, Gu H, Wang ZY, Karasawa S, Ueda S, Sasaki F, Takeuchi Y. Age-related changes in growth hormone-immunoreactive cells in the anterior pituitary gland of Jcl: Wistar-TgN (ARGHGEN) 1Nts rats (Mini rats). Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2006; 46:188-93. [PMID: 17096819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2006.00127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rats of the Jcl: Wistar-TgN (ARGHGEN) 1Nts strain (Mini rats) are transgenic animals carrying an antisense RNA transgene for rat growth hormone (GH); they show poor somatic growth and a low blood GH level compared to age-matched wild-type Wistar (non-Mini) rats. The purpose of the present study was to investigate age-related changes in growth hormone-immunoreactive (GH-IR) cells in the anterior pituitary gland (AP) of Mini rats at four, six, and eight weeks of age. The body weight and size of the GH-IR cells of Mini rats was significantly lower than that of non-Mini rats at six and eight weeks of age; however, this difference was not observed at four weeks of age. The AP volume and the number of GH-IR cells in Mini rats were significantly smaller than those of the age-matched non-Mini rats at the three ages. These results suggest that the abnormal development of GH-IR cells in the AP induced by the GH antisense RNA transgene is responsible for the poor somatic growth and the low blood GH levels in Mini rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Matsumoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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4
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Umeda-Ikawa A, Ishii Y, Doi K. Hair cycle induction by hair plucking in Mini rats. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 80:306-7. [PMID: 16039649 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Jcl:WistarTGN(ARGHGEN)1Nts rat (Mini rat) is a transgenic rat in which the growth hormone (GH) expression is suppressed by the presence of an antisense transgene for the rat GH gene, and the hair cycle of male Mini rats enters a long-lasting telogen phase after 8 weeks old. In the present study, effects of hair plucking on the hair cycle in the dorsal skin of 11-week-old male Mini rats were examined up to 54 days after the hair plucking. As a result, hair plucking brought about an anagen phase, and hair cycle arrest in telogen phase occurred again. Male Mini rats, having follicles in anagen-inducible long-lasting telogen phase, will offer a powerful tool for investigating the molecular nature and organization of the so-called hair cycle clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Umeda-Ikawa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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5
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Okada T, Uetsuka K, Yamauchi H, Tani Y, Endo K, Nakayama H, Doi K. Effects of Exogenous Growth Hormone(GH)-Treatment on Carbon Tetrachloride(CCl4)-Induced Acute Liver Injury in GH-Deficient Mini Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2003. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.16.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Okada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Koji Uetsuka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hirofumi Yamauchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshiro Tani
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kazuo Endo
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kunio Doi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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6
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Wells S, Murphy D. Transgenic studies on the regulation of the anterior pituitary gland function by the hypothalamus. Front Neuroendocrinol 2003; 24:11-26. [PMID: 12609498 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3022(02)00103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The anterior pituitary gland is composed of five different cell types secreting hormones whose functions include the regulation of post-natal growth (growth hormone, GH), lactation (prolactin, PRL), reproduction (luteinising hormone, LH, and follicle stimulating hormone, FSH), metabolism (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH), and stress (adrenocorticotrophic hormone, ACTH). The synthesis and secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones is under the control of neuropeptides released from the hypothalamus into a capillary portal plexus which flows through the external zone of the median eminence to the anterior lobe. This review describes the ways that gene transfer technologies have been applied to whole animals in order to study the regulation of anterior pituitary function by the hypothalamus. The extensive studies on these neuronal systems, within the context of the physiological integrity of the intact organism, not only exemplify the successful application of transgenic technologies to neuroendocrine systems, but also illustrate the problems that have been encountered, and the challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wells
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, University Research Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, UK
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7
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Umeda-Ikawa A, Ishii Y, Suzuki K, Uetsuka K, Nakayama H, Doi K. Dorsal skin responses to topical application with hydrogen peroxide in Mini and Wistar rats. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 2002; 54:239-44. [PMID: 12484562 DOI: 10.1078/0940-2993-00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mini rats (Jcl: WistarTGN(ARGHGEN) 1Nts) (MRs) are Wistar rat (WR)-derived transgenic rats in which the expression of growth hormone (GH) gene is suppressed under the presence of antisense RNA transgene. In order to evaluate the effects of GH-deficiency on the acute injury by external stimuli, the dorsal skin responses to a single topical application with 20% hydrogen peroxide (HPO), one of the environmental oxidative stressors, were histologically compared between male MRs and WRs of 8 weeks old, whose hair cycle was under the telogen phase. As a result, formation of granulation tissues, reepithelialization and regrowth of hair follicles were delayed in MRs compared with WRs. While hair follicles of MRs of this age are under a long-lasting telogen phase after their 2nd cycle, a new hair cycle started not only in the HPO-applied area but also in the solvent-applied area with a little time lag. These findings suggest that GH-deficiency may influence the skin responses to the external chemical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Umeda-Ikawa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Zhang S, Cawley GF, Eyer CS, Backes WL. Altered ethylbenzene-mediated hepatic CYP2E1 expression in growth hormone-deficient dwarf rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2002; 179:74-82. [PMID: 11884239 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethylbenzene (EB) effectively induces several hepatic P450 enzymes including CYP2E1 and CYP2B. Hypophysectomy diminishes the magnitude of EB-mediated induction of CYP2B. Although growth hormone (GH) plays a key role in sexual dimorphism of CYP2C11, its impact on EB-mediated P450 expression is still unknown. Because hypophysectomy leads to a depletion of multiple pituitary hormones besides GH, a study was designed to investigate the possible involvement of GH in EB-mediated hepatic P450 expression using GH-deficient dwarf rats as a more specific animal model. In these rats, pituitary GH was selectively reduced to about 10% of normal levels and other pituitary trophic hormones including thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin are largely unchanged. Male control and HsdOla:DWARF-dw-4 (Harlan, UK) rats were subjected to a single ip injection of EB (10 mmol/kg). CYP2E1- and CYP2B-dependent activities, protein, and RNA levels were measured 10 and 24 h afterward. The results indicated that dwarf rats without EB exposure expressed higher CYP2E1. Although EB treatment induced CYP2E1 activity, protein, and mRNA both in controls and dwarf rats, the magnitude of the response to EB exposure was greater 10 h after the treatment in dwarf rats. Hypophysectomy also increased CYP2E1 protein induction by EB compared to intact rats. This effect was reversed by GH supplementation to hypophysectomized rats. Overall, responses of CYP2B to EB exposure in dwarf rats did not display basic differences from controls. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that (1) the suppression of CYP2B induction found in the multi-hormone-deficient HX rats is not found in the more specific GH-deficient rat model, confirming that GH does not have a major influence on CYP2B expression and (2) both hypophysectomized and GH-deficient rats show an altered inducibility of CYP2E1 after EB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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9
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Shimizu H, Uetsuka K, Okada T, Nakayama H, Doi K. Liver Responses to Repeated Doses of Carbon Tetrachloride in Mini and Wistar Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2002. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.15.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Shimizu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural anf Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Koji Uetsuka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural anf Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Taro Okada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural anf Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural anf Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kunio Doi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural anf Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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10
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Tani Y, Kamai Y, Yamate K, Mizuno H, Yamamoto H, Hosokawa T, Doi K. Restitutive response of Mini rat liver to injury induced by a single oral administration of thioacetamide. J Toxicol Sci 2001; 26:25-37. [PMID: 11255791 DOI: 10.2131/jts.26.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mini rats are a transgenic rat strain carrying antisense gene for rat growth hormone (GH), resulting in retarded growth and a lower blood GH level (136 +/- 42.0 ng/mL) compared with that of age-matched parental strain Wistar rats (329 +/- 337 ng/mL). Mini rats have been used by several investigators as a GH deficiency model. In this work, we gave a single oral administration of thioacetamide (TAA), a hepatotoxicant, to both Mini rats and Wistar rats to ascertain the influence of GH deficiency on liver response to chemically induced injury and subsequent regeneration. TAA administration caused liver injury in both strains, with a greater extent of injury in Mini rats. Proliferation of bile epithelial cells and so-called oval cells was prominent at Day 3 in Mini rats only, and this change correlated well with serum total bilirubin concentrations. Antibody against Ki-67 antigen revealed that cellular proliferation after TAA-induced liver injury was suppressed but prolonged in the Mini rat liver. Although hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells/macrophages were more abundant in the livers of TAA-treated Mini rats, the hepatic expression patterns of hepatocyte growth factor and transforming growth factor beta 1 were comparable to those of Wistar rats. Insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression was significantly reduced in the Mini rat liver. Our results imply that a lower GH level may exacerbate chemically induced liver injury, enhance infiltration/proliferation of non-parenchymal cells, suppress regeneration of hepatocytes, and induce proliferation of bile epithelial cells and oval cells when the liver is injured by TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tani
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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11
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Shimizu H, Uetsuka K, Nakayama H, Doi K. Carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in Mini and Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 53:11-7. [PMID: 11370728 DOI: 10.1078/0940-2993-00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver injury induced by CCl4 injection (0.5 ml/kg b.w.) was compared between Mini and Wistar rats. Mini rats (Jcl:Wistar-TgN (ARGHGEN)1Nts strain) are Wistar-derived transgenic animals in which the expression of growth hormone (GH) gene is suppressed by the presence of an antisense transgene. The hepatic lesion appeared earlier and its recovery was delayed in Mini rats compared to in Wistar rats. The degree of the liver injury was more severe in Mini rats than in Wistar rats, and this corresponded well with the changes in serum AST level. Moreover, in accordance with the localization of CYP2E1-positive hepatocytes in the early stage after CCl4 treatment, the initial lesion characterized by ballooning of hepatocytes developed in the centrilobular zone in Wistar rats while it appeared in the middle zone in Mini rats. The changes in the percentage of PCNA-positive cells and the levels of HGF and TGF-beta1 mRNAs were clearly different between the two strains. These results indicate that the response of the liver to CCl4 is different between GH-suppressed Mini rats and Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimizu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Tani Y, Yamamoto H, Kamai Y, Maeda N, Hosokawa T, Doi K. Hepatic CYP1A Induction in 3-Methylcholanthrene-Treated Transgenic Rats with Insufficient Blood Growth Hormone. J Toxicol Pathol 2001. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.14.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Tani
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | | | - Yoko Kamai
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Naoyuki Maeda
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | | | - Kunio Doi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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13
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Abstract
The establishment of novel animal models using gene targeting and transgenic technology has opened a new area of neuropharmacological research. For the first time, it became possible to alter the expression of a gene in a specific cell type of an intact animal by either overexpression, inhibition or ablation. This review describes the technology and lists the relevant tools, such as reporter genes, suicide genes, immortalizing genes, and promoters, necessary for the targeted expression of these and other genes in specific cells of the central nervous system. In addition, the problem is discussed that the mouse is the species in which this technology is by far the most developed, while the rat has been used as the model species for neuropharmacology during the last century.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Transgenics in Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Raponi M, Atkins D, Dawes IW, Arndt GM. The influence of antisense gene location on target gene suppression in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. ANTISENSE & NUCLEIC ACID DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2000; 10:29-34. [PMID: 10726658 DOI: 10.1089/oli.1.2000.10.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A fission yeast model was employed to investigate the influence of antisense gene location on the efficacy of antisense RNA-mediated target gene suppression. Fission yeast transformants were generated that contained the target lacZ gene at a fixed position and a single copy antisense lacZ gene integrated into various genomic locations, including the same locus as the target gene. No significant difference in lacZ suppression was observed when the antisense gene was integrated in close proximity to the target gene locus compared with other genomic locations, indicating that target and antisense gene colocalization is not a critical factor for efficient antisense RNA-mediated gene expression in vivo. Instead, increased lacZ downregulation correlated with an increase in antisense dose, with the steady-state levels of antisense RNA being dependent on genomic position effects and transgene copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raponi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Tani Y, Yamamoto H, Kawaji A, Mizuno H, Fukushige J, Hosokawa T, Doi K. Hepatic cytochrome P450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase in male Nts:Mini rat, a transgenic rat carrying antisense RNA transgene for rat growth hormone. Toxicol Lett 1999; 106:159-69. [PMID: 10403660 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the characteristics of hepatic cytochrome P450s and flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 (FMO1) in male Nts:Mini rats, a Wistar/Jcl-derived transgenic rat strain showing less plasma GH concentration than the parental strain. The total hepatic P450 contents of Mini rats were significantly reduced. A suppression was observed in the activities and protein expression of male-specific P450s (CYP3A and CYP2C11) and was speculated to be a potential cause of the reduction in total P450 contents. The activity and protein expression of CYP2B1 were suppressed and those of CYP2E1 and CYP2B2 were enhanced. With the exception of our data on CYP2B1, these results largely agreed with previous reports concerning GH-depletion rat models (hypophysectomized rats, rats neonatally treated with glutamate, and dwarf rats), implying that the changes in Mini rats were caused by GH insufficiency. The liver FMO1 protein expression in Mini rats was higher than that in Wistar rats but the activity was comparable, suggesting that GH is not a positive regulator of FMO expression. With their insufficient but not depleted levels of plasma GH, Mini rats may thus become another candidate for use in the investigation of GH regulation of hepatic mixed-function monooxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tani
- Laboratory Animal Science, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Teranishi M, Sato S, Tani Y, Yamamoto H, Makino T, Tanaka K, Sehata S, Ogata S, Watanabe M, Igarashi I, Maeda N, Matsumoto E, Yamoto T, Takaoka M, Fukushige J, Endo K, Hosokawa T, Manabe S. Comparison of Bone Changes between Neonatally Monosodium Glutamate-Treated Rats and Mini Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 1999. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.12.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Teranishi
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Satoko Sato
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Yoshiro Tani
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Toshihiko Makino
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kohji Tanaka
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Shinya Sehata
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Seiya Ogata
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Mayumi Watanabe
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Isao Igarashi
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Naoyuki Maeda
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Etsuji Matsumoto
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takashi Yamoto
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Masaya Takaoka
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Junichiro Fukushige
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kazuo Endo
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Tsunemichi Hosokawa
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Sunao Manabe
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
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17
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Teranishi M, Sato S, Tani Y, Yamamoto H, Makino T, Tanaka K, Sehata S, Ogata S, Watanabe M, Maeda N, Matsumoto E, Yamoto T, Takaoka M, Fukushige J, Endo K, Hosokawa T, Manabe S. Comparative Bone Morphometry between Mini Rats and Wistar Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 1999. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Teranishi
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Satoko Sato
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Yoshiro Tani
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Toshihiko Makino
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kohji Tanaka
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Shinya Sehata
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Seiya Ogata
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Mayumi Watanabe
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Naoyuki Maeda
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Etsuji Matsumoto
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takashi Yamoto
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Masaya Takaoka
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Junichiro Fukushige
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kazuo Endo
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Tsunemichi Hosokawa
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Sunao Manabe
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
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18
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Teranishi M, Sato S, Tani Y, Yamamoto H, Makino T, Tanaka K, Sehata S, Ogata S, Watanabe M, Maeda N, Matsumoto E, Yamoto T, Takaoka M, Fukushige J, Endo K, Hosokawa T, Manabe S. Effects of Growth Hormone on Bone in Mini Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 1999. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.12.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Teranishi
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Satoko Sato
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Yoshiro Tani
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Toshihiko Makino
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kohji Tanaka
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Shinya Sehata
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Seiya Ogata
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Mayumi Watanabe
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Naoyuki Maeda
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Etsuji Matsumoto
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takashi Yamoto
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Masaya Takaoka
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Junichiro Fukushige
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kazuo Endo
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Tsunemichi Hosokawa
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Sunao Manabe
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
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19
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Teranishi M, Sato S, Tani Y, Yamamoto H, Makino T, Tanaka K, Sehata S, Ogata S, Watanabe M, Igarashi I, Maeda N, Matsumoto E, Yamoto T, Takaoka M, Fukushige J, Endo K, Hosokawa T, Manabe S. Comparison of Bone Changes between Hypophysectomized Rats and Mini Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 1999. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Teranishi
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Satoko Sato
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Yoshiro Tani
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Toshihiko Makino
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kohji Tanaka
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Shinya Sehata
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Seiya Ogata
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Mayumi Watanabe
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Isao Igarashi
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Naoyuki Maeda
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Etsuji Matsumoto
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takashi Yamoto
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Masaya Takaoka
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Junichiro Fukushige
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kazuo Endo
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Tsunemichi Hosokawa
- Pathology Group II, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Sunao Manabe
- Pathology Group I, Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
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20
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Giustina A, Veldhuis JD. Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human. Endocr Rev 1998; 19:717-97. [PMID: 9861545 DOI: 10.1210/edrv.19.6.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, the GH axis has become the compelling focus of remarkably active and broad-ranging basic and clinical research. Molecular and genetic models, the discovery of human GHRH and its receptor, the cloning of the GHRP receptor, and the clinical availability of recombinant GH and IGF-I have allowed surprisingly rapid advances in our knowledge of the neuroregulation of the GH-IGF-I axis in many pathophysiological contexts. The complexity of the GHRH/somatostatin-GH-IGF-I axis thus commends itself to more formalized modeling (154, 155), since the multivalent feedback-control activities are difficult to assimilate fully on an intuitive scale. Understanding the dynamic neuroendocrine mechanisms that direct the pulsatile secretion of this fundamental growth-promoting and metabolic hormone remains a critical goal, the realization of which is challenged by the exponentially accumulating matrix of experimental and clinical data in this arena. To the above end, we review here the pathophysiology of the GHRH somatostatin-GH-IGF-I feedback axis consisting of corresponding key neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and metabolic effectors, and their cloned receptors and signaling pathways. We propose that this system is best viewed as a multivalent feedback network that is exquisitely sensitive to an array of neuroregulators and environmental stressors and genetic restraints. Feedback and feedforward mechanisms acting within the intact somatotropic axis mediate homeostatic control throughout the human lifetime and are disrupted in disease. Novel effectors of the GH axis, such as GHRPs, also offer promise as investigative probes and possible therapeutic agents. Further understanding of the mechanisms of GH neuroregulation will likely allow development of progressively more specific molecular and clinical tools for the diagnosis and treatment of various conditions in which GH secretion is regulated abnormally. Thus, we predict that unexpected and enriching insights in the domain of the neuroendocrine pathophysiology of the GH axis are likely be achieved in the succeeding decades of basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giustina
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
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21
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Abstract
The interplay of vasoactive peptide systems is an essential determinant of blood pressure regulation in mammals. While the endothelin and the renin-angiotensin systems raise blood pressure by inducing vasoconstriction and sodium retention, the kallikrein-kinin and the natriuretic-peptide systems reduce arterial pressure by eliciting vasodilatation and natriuresis. Transgenic technology has proven to be very useful for the functional analysis of vasoactive peptide systems. As an outstanding example, transgenic rats overexpressing the mouse Ren-2 renin gene in several tissues become extremely hypertensive. Several other transgenic rat and mouse strains with genetic modifications of components of the renin-angiotensin system have been developed in the past decade. Moreover, in recent years gene-targeting technology was employed to produce mouse strains lacking these proteins. The established animal models as well as the main insights gained by their analysis are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany.
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22
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Wray-Cahen CD, Kerr DE, Evock-Clover CM, Steele NC. Redefining body composition: nutrients hormones, and genes in meat production. Annu Rev Nutr 1998; 18:63-92. [PMID: 9706219 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.18.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Growth rate and body composition of livestock can be optimized to meet consumer needs for a leaner product and to improve the efficiency of meat-animal production. Optimization strategies have traditionally focused on genetic selection and cost-effective ration formulation to achieve the genetic potential. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of growth and its control have led to additional opportunities for its manipulation. These include nutritional manipulation,the use of growth promotants, and, more recently, the ability to change the genetic potential through genetic engineering. Selection of appropriate candidate genes for manipulation depends on understanding the mechanisms underlying differentiation and growth of embryonic muscle cells. Recent advances in genetic engineering techniques, including gene therapy and germline transgenesis, will likely hasten the genetic progress toward a leaner carcass in domestic livestock. Such strategies may prove to be more beneficial then the controlled enhancement of somatotropin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Wray-Cahen
- US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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23
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Teranishi M, Tani Y, Manabe S. Comparison of Age-Related Bone Changes between Mini Rats and Wistar Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 1998. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiro Tani
- Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Sunao Manabe
- Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
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24
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Tani Y, Murata S, Kajiwara S, Mizuno H, Fukushige J, Hosokawa T, Uetsuka K, Nakayama H, Doi K. Rapid Induction of Liver Cirrhosis in Mini Rats by Thioacetamide. J Toxicol Pathol 1998. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Tani
- Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shinji Murata
- Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Sachiko Kajiwara
- Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Hatsue Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Science and Toxicology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | | | | | - Koji Uetsuka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kunio Doi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo
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25
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Uetsuka K, Suzuki M, Nakayama H, Doi K. Immunohistochemical study on galactosamine-induced subacute hepatitis in rats of JCL: Wistar-TGN (ARGHGEN) 1 Nts strain (Mini rats). Exp Anim 1997; 46:203-9. [PMID: 9250481 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.46.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical study was carried out on D-galactosamine hydrochloride (GaIN)-induced subacute hepatitis in rats of JCL: Wistar-TGN (ARGHGEN) 1Nts strain (Mini rats), in which the expression of growth hormone gene is suppressed by the presence of an antisense transgene. Mini rats were given 1000 mg/kg of GaIN once a week for 4 consecutive weeks and killed at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after the first administration. At 1 week after the first administration, proliferation of small epithelial cells positive for both alpha-fetoprotein and cytokeratin 7, i.e. so-called oval cells, was observed in the whole area of each hepatic lobule, and prominent deposition of fibronectin, laminin and type IV collagen was detected around these oval cells. Together with these extracellular matrix components, many activated Ito cells positive for both desmin and alpha-smooth muscle actin were observed. With time, most of the oval cells formed duct-like structures and lost their positive stainability for alpha-fetoprotein, and many Ito cells became inactive. Deposition of fibronectin decreased rapidly from 2 weeks after the first administration. At 4 weeks after the first administration, deposition of laminin was detected only around the duct-like structures, where that of type IV collagen was also still prominent. These results suggest that a large population of oval cells differentiated into bile duct epithelial cells and that Ito cells and extracellular matrix components might play a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Uetsuka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Abstract
Geneticists have long sought the ability to add or subtract individual genes from an organism's genome, or to be able to alter the level of expression of a gene in a targeted, developmentally and tissue-specific manner. The development of transgenic technology realized the possibilities of increasing the expression of a specific gene or the transfer of a new gene into an animal. Homologous recombination techniques allow the deletion or alteration of a gene in vivo. The production of transgenic animals incorporating a gene construct that expresses a complimentary antisense RNA to a targeted gene, or an antisense RNA incorporating a catalytic, ribozyme sequence, have been suggested as a potential mechanism for obtaining the developmentally and tissue-specific down-regulation of expression of a targeted gene in vivo. In this paper we review the current literature with respect to the application of antisense and ribozyme constructs in transgenic animals and conclude that such constructs can effectively downregulate the level of mRNA from a target gene, the amount of protein produced in the cell, and result in phenotypic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Sokol
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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