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Crossley MS, Lagos-Kutz D, Davis TS, Eigenbrode SD, Hartman GL, Voegtlin DJ, Snyder WE. Precipitation change accentuates or reverses temperature effects on aphid dispersal. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2593. [PMID: 35340072 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global temperatures are generally increasing, and this is leading to a well documented advancement and extension of seasonal activity of many pest insects. Effects of changing precipitation have received less attention, but might be complex because rain and snow are increasing in some places but decreasing in others. This raises the possibility that altered precipitation could accentuate, or even reverse, the effects of rising temperatures on pest outbreaks. We used >592 K aphid suction-trap captures over 15 years, in the heavily farmed central USA, to examine how the activity of Aphis glycines (soybean aphid), Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn aphid), and Rhopalosiphum padi (bird cherry-oat aphid) changed with variation in both temperature and precipitation. Increasing precipitation caused late-season flight activity of A. glycines and early-season activity of R. padi to shift earlier, while increasing temperature did the same for early-season activity of A. glycines and R. maidis. In these cases, precipitation and temperature exhibited directionally similar, but independent, effects. However, precipitation sometimes mediated temperature effects in complex ways. At relatively low temperatures, greater precipitation generally caused late-season flights of R. maidis to occur earlier. However, this pattern was reversed at higher temperatures with precipitation delaying late-season activity. In contrast, greater precipitation delayed peak flights of R. padi at lower temperatures, but caused them to occur earlier at higher temperatures. So, in these two cases the interactive effects of precipitation on temperature were mirror images of one another. When projecting future aphid flight phenology, models that excluded precipitation covariates consistently underpredicted the degree of phenological advance for A. glycines and R. padi, and underpredicted the degree of phenological delay for R. maidis under expected future climates. Overall, we found broad evidence that changing patterns of aphid flight phenology could only be understood by considering both temperature and precipitation changes. In our study region, temperature and precipitation are expected to increase in tandem, but these correlations will be reversed elsewhere. This reinforces the need to include both main and interactive effects of precipitation and temperature when seeking to accurately predict how pest pressure will change with a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Crossley
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Doris Lagos-Kutz
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas S Davis
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sanford D Eigenbrode
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Glen L Hartman
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - David J Voegtlin
- Emeritus, Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Towards Predictions of Interaction Dynamics between Cereal Aphids and Their Natural Enemies: A Review. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050479. [PMID: 35621813 PMCID: PMC9146300 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Understanding how pests and their natural enemies interact dynamically during the growing season and what drivers act on those interactions will help to develop efficient pest control strategies. We reviewed empirical and modeling publications on the drivers influencing the aphids–natural enemy dynamics. We found disparities between what is known empirically and what is used as main drivers in the models. Predation and parasitism are rarely measured empirically but are often represented in models, while plant phenology is supposed to be a strong driver of aphids’ dynamics while it is rarely used in models. Since modelers and empirical scientists do not share a lot of publications, we incite more crossover works between both communities to elaborate (i) new empirical settings based on simulation results and (ii) build more accurate and robust models integrating more key drivers of the aphid dynamics. These models could be integrated into decision support systems to help advisors and farmers to design more effective integrated pest management systems. Abstract (1) Although most past studies are based on static analyses of the pest regulation drivers, evidence shows that a greater focus on the temporal dynamics of these interactions is urgently required to develop more efficient strategies. (2) Focusing on aphids, we systematically reviewed (i) empirical knowledge on the drivers influencing the dynamics of aphid–natural enemy interactions and (ii) models developed to simulate temporal or spatio-temporal aphid dynamics. (3) Reviewed studies mainly focus on the abundance dynamics of aphids and their natural enemies, and on aphid population growth rates. The dynamics of parasitism and predation are rarely measured empirically, although it is often represented in models. Temperature is mostly positively correlated with aphid population growth rates. Plant phenology and landscape effects are poorly represented in models. (4) We propose a research agenda to progress towards models and empirical knowledge usable to design effective CBC strategies. We claim that crossover works between empirical and modeling community will help design new empirical settings based on simulation results and build more accurate and robust models integrating more key drivers of aphid dynamics. Such models, turned into decision support systems, are urgently needed by farmers and advisors in order to design effective integrated pest management.
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Dorman SJ, Taylor SV, Malone S, Roberts PM, Greene JK, Reisig DD, Smith RH, Jacobson AL, Reay-Jones FPF, Paula-Moraes S, Huseth AS. Sampling Optimization and Crop Interface Effects on Lygus lineolaris Populations in Southeastern USA Cotton. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13010088. [PMID: 35055931 PMCID: PMC8780488 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), is an economically damaging pest in cotton production systems across the southern United States. We systematically scouted 120 commercial cotton fields across five southeastern states during susceptible growth stages in 2019 and 2020 to investigate sampling optimization and the effect of interface crop and landscape composition on L. lineolaris abundance. Variance component analysis determined field and within-field spatial scales, compared with agricultural district and state, accounted for more variation in L. lineolaris density using sweep net and drop cloth sampling. This result highlights the importance of field-level scouting efforts. Using within-field samples, a fixed-precision sampling plan determined 8 and 23 sampling units were needed to determine L. lineolaris population estimates with 0.25 precision for sweep net (100 sweeps per unit) and drop cloth (1.5 row-m per unit) sampling, respectively. A spatial Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to determine local landscape (<0.5 km from field edges) effects on L. lineolaris in cotton. The proportion of agricultural area and double-crop wheat and soybeans were positively associated with L. lineolaris density, and fields with more contiguous cotton areas negatively predicted L. lineolaris populations. These results will improve L. lineolaris monitoring programs and treatment management decisions in southeastern USA cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J. Dorman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence: (S.J.D.); (A.S.H.)
| | - Sally V. Taylor
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, VA 23437, USA; (S.V.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Sean Malone
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, VA 23437, USA; (S.V.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Phillip M. Roberts
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA;
| | - Jeremy K. Greene
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC 29817, USA;
| | - Dominic D. Reisig
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Vernon James Research and Extension Center, North Carolina State University, Plymouth, NC 27962, USA;
| | - Ronald H. Smith
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (R.H.S.); (A.L.J.)
| | - Alana L. Jacobson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (R.H.S.); (A.L.J.)
| | - Francis P. F. Reay-Jones
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC 29501, USA;
| | - Silvana Paula-Moraes
- Entomology and Nematology Department, West Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Jay, FL 32565, USA;
| | - Anders S. Huseth
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Correspondence: (S.J.D.); (A.S.H.)
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Carvalho FJ, de Santana DG, Sampaio MV. Modeling Overdispersion, Autocorrelation, and Zero-Inflated Count Data Via Generalized Additive Models and Bayesian Statistics in an Aphid Population Study. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:40-51. [PMID: 31724122 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Count variables are often positively skewed and may include many zero observations, requiring specific statistical approaches. Interpreting abiotic factor changes in insect populations of crop pests, under this condition, can be difficult. The analysis becomes even more complicated because of possible temporal or spatial correlation, irregularly spaced data, heterogeneity over time, and zero inflation. Generalized additive models (GAM) are important tools to evaluate abiotic factors. Moreover, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques can be used to fit a model that contains a temporal correlation structure, based on Bayesian statistics (BGAM). We compared methods of modeling the effects of temperature, precipitation, and time for the Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) population in Uberlândia, Brasil. We applied the proposed BGAM to the data, comparing this to the GAM model with and without autocorrelation for time, using the statistical programming language R. Analysis of deviance identified significant effects of the smoothers for precipitation and time on the frequentist models. With BGAM, the problem in variance estimations for precipitation and temperature from the previous models was solved. Furthermore, trace and density plots for population-level effects for all parameters converged well. The estimated smoothing curves showed a linear effect with an increase of precipitation, where lower precipitation indicated no presence of the aphid. The average temperature did not affect the aphid incidence. Autocorrelation was solved with ARMA structures, and the excess of zero was solved with zero-inflation models. The example of B. brassicae incidence showed how well abiotic (and biotic) factors can be modeled and analyzed using BGAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Carvalho
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Univ. Federal de Uberlândia, Rodovia BR-050, km 78, Campus Glória, bloco CCG, sala 1C 212, Uberlândia, MG, 38410-337, Brasil.
| | - D G de Santana
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Univ. Federal de Uberlândia, Rodovia BR-050, km 78, Campus Glória, bloco CCG, sala 1C 212, Uberlândia, MG, 38410-337, Brasil
| | - M V Sampaio
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Univ. Federal de Uberlândia, Rodovia BR-050, km 78, Campus Glória, bloco CCG, sala 1C 212, Uberlândia, MG, 38410-337, Brasil
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Miksanek JR, Heimpel GE. A matrix model describing host-parasitoid population dynamics: The case of Aphelinus certus and soybean aphid. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218217. [PMID: 31194816 PMCID: PMC6564008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating elements from life tables into population models within a matrix framework has been an underutilized method of describing host-parasitoid population dynamics. This type of modeling is useful in describing demographically-structured populations and in identifying points in the host developmental timeline susceptible to parasitic attack. We apply this approach to investigate the effect of parasitism by the Asian parasitoid Aphelinus certus on its host, the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines). We present a matrix population model with coupled equations that are analogous to a Nicholson-Bailey model. To parameterize the model, we conducted several bioassays outlining host and parasitoid life history and supplemented these studies with data obtained from the literature. Analysis of the model suggests that, at a parasitism rate of 0.21 d-1, A. certus is capable of maintaining aphid densities below economically damaging levels in 31.0% of simulations. Several parameters-parasitoid lifespan, colonization timeline, host developmental stage, and mean daily temperature-were also shown to markedly influence the overall dynamics of the system. These results suggest that A. certus might provide a valuable service in agroecosystems by suppressing soybean aphid populations at relatively low levels of parasitism. Our results also support the use of A. certus within a dynamic action threshold framework in order to maximize the value of biological control in pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rudolph Miksanek
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - George E. Heimpel
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Kassara C, Gangoso L, Mellone U, Piasevoli G, Hadjikyriakou TG, Tsiopelas N, Giokas S, López-López P, Urios V, Figuerola J, Silva R, Bouten W, Kirschel ANG, Virani MZ, Fiedler W, Berthold P, Gschweng M. Current and future suitability of wintering grounds for a long-distance migratory raptor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8798. [PMID: 28821735 PMCID: PMC5562895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation of migratory species faces the challenge of understanding the ecological requirements of individuals living in two geographically separated regions. In some cases, the entire population of widely distributed species congregates at relatively small wintering areas and hence, these areas become a priority for the species’ conservation. Satellite telemetry allows fine tracking of animal movements and distribution in those less known, often remote areas. Through integrating satellite and GPS data from five separated populations comprising most of the breeding range, we created a wide habitat suitability model for the Eleonora’s falcon on its wintering grounds in Madagascar. On this basis, we further investigated, for the first time, the impact of climate change on the future suitability of the species’ wintering areas. Eleonora’s falcons are mainly distributed in the north and along the east of Madagascar, exhibiting strong site fidelity over years. The current species’ distribution pattern is associated with climatic factors, which are likely related to food availability. The extent of suitable areas for Eleonora’s falcon is expected to increase in the future. The integration of habitat use information and climatic projections may provide insights on the consequences of global environmental changes for the long-term persistence of migratory species populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kassara
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece.
| | - Laura Gangoso
- Computational Geo-Ecology Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ugo Mellone
- Vertebrates Zoology Research Group, CIBIO Research Inst., University of Alicante, ES-03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gvido Piasevoli
- Public Institute for the Protected Natural Values Management in the County of Split and Dalmatia, Prilaz braće Kaliterna 10, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Nikos Tsiopelas
- Hellenic Ornithological Society, Themistokleous str. 80, 10681, Athens, Greece
| | - Sinos Giokas
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Pascual López-López
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, ES-46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Urios
- Vertebrates Zoology Research Group, CIBIO Research Inst., University of Alicante, ES-03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafa Silva
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Willem Bouten
- Computational Geo-Ecology Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Munir Z Virani
- The Peregrine Fund, 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, Idaho, 83709, USA
| | - Wolfgang Fiedler
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, D-78315, Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Peter Berthold
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, D-78315, Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Marion Gschweng
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, D-78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069, Ulm, Germany.,Concepts for Conservation, Schäferweg 6, 89143, Blaubeuren, Germany
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7
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Effect of the spatial context along the invasion process: “Hierarchical spatial” or “Host-switching spatial” hypotheses? Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lacasella F, Marta S, Singh A, Stack Whitney K, Hamilton K, Townsend P, Kucharik CJ, Meehan TD, Gratton C. From pest data to abundance-based risk maps combining eco-physiological knowledge, weather, and habitat variability. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:575-588. [PMID: 27859850 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Noxious species, i.e., crop pest or invasive alien species, are major threats to both natural and managed ecosystems. Invasive pests are of special importance, and knowledge about their distribution and abundance is fundamental to minimize economic losses and prioritize management activities. Occurrence models are a common tool used to identify suitable zones and map priority areas (i.e., risk maps) for noxious species management, although they provide a simplified description of species dynamics (i.e., no indication on species density). An alternative is to use abundance models, but translating abundance data into risk maps is often challenging. Here, we describe a general framework for generating abundance-based risk maps using multi-year pest data. We used an extensive data set of 3968 records collected between 2003 and 2013 in Wisconsin during annual surveys of soybean aphid (SBA), an exotic invasive pest in this region. By using an integrative approach, we modelled SBA responses to weather, seasonal, and habitat variability using generalized additive models (GAMs). Our models showed good to excellent performance in predicting SBA occurrence and abundance (TSS = 0.70, AUC = 0.92; R2 = 0.63). We found that temperature, precipitation, and growing degree days were the main drivers of SBA trends. In addition, a significant positive relationship between SBA abundance and the availability of overwintering habitats was observed. Our models showed aphid populations were also sensitive to thresholds associated with high and low temperatures, likely related to physiological tolerances of the insects. Finally, the resulting aphid predictions were integrated using a spatial prioritization algorithm ("Zonation") to produce an abundance-based risk map for the state of Wisconsin that emphasized the spatiotemporal consistency and magnitude of past infestation patterns. This abundance-based risk map can provide information on potential foci of pest outbreaks where scouting efforts and prophylactic measures should be concentrated. The approach we took is general, relatively simple, and can be applied to other species, habitats and geographical areas for which species abundance data and biotic and abiotic data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lacasella
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Silvio Marta
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | | | - Krista Hamilton
- Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection, Madison, Wisconsin, 54601, USA
| | - Phil Townsend
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Christopher J Kucharik
- Department of Agronomy and Nelson Institute Center for Sustainability and Global Change, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Timothy D Meehan
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Claudio Gratton
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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Rosenheim JA, Gratton C. Ecoinformatics (Big Data) for Agricultural Entomology: Pitfalls, Progress, and Promise. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 62:399-417. [PMID: 27912246 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ecoinformatics, as defined in this review, is the use of preexisting data sets to address questions in ecology. We provide the first review of ecoinformatics methods in agricultural entomology. Ecoinformatics methods have been used to address the full range of questions studied by agricultural entomologists, enabled by the special opportunities associated with data sets, nearly all of which have been observational, that are larger and more diverse and that embrace larger spatial and temporal scales than most experimental studies do. We argue that ecoinformatics research methods and traditional, experimental research methods have strengths and weaknesses that are largely complementary. We address the important interpretational challenges associated with observational data sets, highlight common pitfalls, and propose some best practices for researchers using these methods. Ecoinformatics methods hold great promise as a vehicle for capitalizing on the explosion of data emanating from farmers, researchers, and the public, as novel sampling and sensing techniques are developed and digital data sharing becomes more widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Claudio Gratton
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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