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Klimek-Johnson P, Yalch MM, Maguen S. Latent Profiles of Disordered Eating Among Veterans: Associations With Mental Health Concerns. Womens Health Issues 2024; 34:437-448. [PMID: 38627139 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varying patterns in eating disorder (ED) classification are evident and may impact ED treatment and prevention. However, investigations of patterns of heterogeneity in ED presentations have been limited to civilian samples, despite the high prevalence of EDs in military personnel and veterans. The present study aimed to explore ED-related symptom patterns, including emotional overeating, in women veterans. METHODS Participants were 407 women veterans using health care services at a large Veterans Affairs health care system who completed mental health measures via surveys. Latent profile analyses were used to explore distinct ED symptom patterns (binge eating, purging, heavy exercise, positive and negative emotional overeating, dietary restraint, and shape/weight concerns). Subsequent auxiliary models explored associations with mental health concerns (depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, alcohol misuse, substance misuse), adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, and service branch. RESULTS A four-class solution demonstrated the best model fit, characterized as follows: 1) Low ED Concerns, 2) Moderate Dietary Restraint/Negative Emotional Eating, 3) High Binge/Emotional Eating, and 4) High ED Concerns. Although all profiles had moderate or higher levels of negative emotional overeating, the High Binge/Emotional Eating and High ED Concerns profiles were distinct in levels of dietary restraint and had the highest probabilities of positive emotional overeating. The High ED Concerns profile also had the most severe mental health concerns relative to the other profiles. CONCLUSIONS The identification of unique ED symptom patterns in women veterans can inform prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Klimek-Johnson
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Mental Health Service, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | | | - Shira Maguen
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Mental Health Service, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Zhao S, Du H, Lin D, Wu Q, Li Q, Chi P. Role of self-esteem in the association between mindset of socioeconomic status and well-being: A cross-lagged panel analysis. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1336-1351. [PMID: 36882890 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
People who believe that their socioeconomic status (SES) can be changed-with growth mindset or incremental implicit theory of SES-tend to have better psychological well-being. Nevertheless, it remains unclear on why growth mindset of SES benefits well-being. The present research aims to answer this question by investigating the longitudinal associations between mindset of SES and well-being (i.e. depression and anxiety) and a potential mechanism (i.e. self-esteem). We recruited 600 adults in Guangzhou, China, as participants in this study. Participants completed a list of questionnaires containing measures of mindset of SES, self-esteem, depression, and anxiety at three time points over the course of 18 months. The cross-lagged panel model showed that individuals holding a growth mindset of SES reported significantly lower depression and anxiety 1 year later, but the effect was not sustained later. More importantly, self-esteem accounted for the associations of mindset of SES with both depression and anxiety, such that individuals with growth mindset of SES had higher self-esteem, and in turn, demonstrated lower depression and anxiety over 18 months. These findings deepen the understanding of the salutary effects of implicit theories of SES on psychological well-being. Implications for future research and mindset-related interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Du
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglu Wu
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qianfeng Li
- School of Educational Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Zelkowitz RL, Cole DA. Longitudinal relations of self-criticism with disordered eating behaviors and nonsuicidal self-injury. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:1097-1107. [PMID: 32406548 PMCID: PMC7641508 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-criticism has been proposed as a transdiagnostic predictor of disordered eating and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). First, this study explored cross-sectional associations of multiple disordered eating behaviors, NSSI, and self-criticism. Second, it tested longitudinal relations of self-criticism with disordered eating and NSSI, adjusting for baseline levels of both behaviors. METHODS In Sub-study 1, undergraduates (N = 251, 79.5% female, Mage = 19.1 years) completed self-report measures of disordered eating, NSSI, and self-criticism at baseline and after 8 weeks. In Sub-study 2, community-based young adults with histories of disordered eating, NSSI, or both (N = 517, 88.8% female, Mage = 24.7 years) completed measures of disordered eating, NSSI, and self-criticism at baseline and after 4 weeks. All measures were completed online. RESULTS In Sub-study 1, both disordered eating and NSSI showed significant cross-sectional associations with self-criticism, and self-criticism was significantly related to binge eating, fasting, and NSSI at follow-up. In Sub-study 2, both behaviors again showed significant cross-sectional associations with self-criticism. Self-criticism showed significant longitudinal relations with fasting, purging, and excessive exercise. Longitudinal relations of self-criticism with NSSI varied across disordered eating behaviors. DISCUSSION NSSI showed cross-sectional associations with a range of disordered eating behaviors. Self-criticism reflects a common correlate of both disordered eating and NSSI. Evidence supported transdiagnostic longitudinal impact of self-criticism across multiple forms of disordered eating but provided more limited support for impacts on NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Zelkowitz
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Women’s Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System,Correspondence should be directed to Rachel Zelkowitz, 150 S. Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02130; Tel: (857) 364-6232;
| | - David A. Cole
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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A Cross-cultural Study of Biological, Psychological, and Social Antecedents of Self-objectification in Italy and Romania. SEX ROLES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-017-0804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Puccio F, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Youssef G, Mitchell S, Byrne M, Allen N, Krug I. Longitudinal Bi-directional Effects of Disordered Eating, Depression and Anxiety. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2017; 25:351-358. [PMID: 28568971 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to explore the potentially longitudinal bi-directional effects of disordered eating (DE) symptoms with depression and anxiety. METHOD Participants were 189 (49.5% male) adolescents from Melbourne, Australia. DE, depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed at approximately 15, 16.5 and 18.5 years of age. RESULTS Analysis of longitudinal bi-directional effects assessed via cross-lagged models indicated that DE symptoms of eating and shape/weight concerns were risk factors for anxiety. Results also showed that depression was a risk factor for eating concerns. CONCLUSION Our findings provide preliminary evidence that preventative measures designed to target concerns about eating and shape/weight might be most efficacious in reducing the transmission of effects between symptoms of DE, depression and anxiety. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Puccio
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - George Youssef
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Mitchell
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Byrne
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Nick Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Isabel Krug
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Puccio F, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Ong D, Krug I. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the longitudinal relationship between eating pathology and depression. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:439-54. [PMID: 26841006 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Undertake a meta-analysis to provide a quantitative synthesis of longitudinal studies that assessed the direction of effects between eating pathology and depression. A second aim was to use meta-regression to account for heterogeneity in terms of study-level effect modifiers. METHOD A systematic review was conducted on 42 studies that assessed the longitudinal relationship between eating pathology and depression. Of these 42 studies, multilevel random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 30 eligible studies. RESULTS Meta-analysis results showed that eating pathology was a risk factor for depression (rm = 0.13) and that depression was a risk factor for eating pathology (rm = 0.16). Meta-regression analyses showed that these effects were significantly stronger for studies that operationalized eating pathology as an eating disorder diagnosis versus eating pathology symptoms, and for studies that operationalized the respective outcome measure as a categorical variable (e.g., a diagnosis of a disorder or where symptoms were "present"/"absent") versus a continuous measure. Results also showed that in relation to eating pathology type, the effect of an eating disorder diagnosis and bulimic symptoms on depression was significantly stronger for younger participants. DISCUSSION Eating pathology and depression are concurrent risk factors for each other, suggesting that future research would benefit from identifying factors that are etiological to the development of both constructs. RESUMEN OBJETIVO Llevar a cabo un meta-análisis para proporcionar una síntesis cuantitativa de los estudios longitudinales que evaluaron la dirección de los efectos entre la alimentación patológica y la depresión. Un segundo objetivo fue utilizar la meta-regresión para dar cuenta de la heterogeneidad en términos de modificadores del efecto a nivel de estudio. MÉTODO: Una revisión sistemática se llevó a cabo en 42 estudios que evaluaron la relación longitudinal entre la alimentación patológica y la depresión. De estos 42 estudios, se realizaron meta-análisis de multinivel de efectos aleatorios en 30 estudios elegibles. RESULTADOS Los resultados del meta-análisis mostraron que la alimentación patológica era un factor de riesgo para depresión (rm=0.13) y que la depresión era un factor de riesgo para la alimentación patológica (rm=0.16). Los análisis de meta-regresión mostraron que estos efectos eran significativamente más fuertes para estudios que operacionalizaban la alimentación patológica como un diagnóstico de trastorno de la conducta alimentaria versus síntomas de alimentación patológica, y para los estudios que operacionalizaban la medida respectiva de resultado como una variable categórica (e.g., un diagnóstico de trastorno o cuando los síntomas estaban "presentes"/"ausentes") versus una medida continua. Los resultados mostraron que en relación al tipo de alimentación patológica, el efecto de un diagnóstico de trastorno de la conducta alimentaria y síntomas bulímicos en la depresión era significativamente más fuerte para participantes más jóvenes. DISCUSIÓN: La alimentación patológica y la depresión son factores de riesgo concurrentes uno para el otro, lo que sugiere que la investigación futura se beneficiaría de identificar factores que son etiológicos al desarrollo de ambos constructos. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016;49:439-454).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Puccio
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Deborah Ong
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ferreiro F, Wichstrøm L, Seoane G, Senra C. Reciprocal associations between depressive symptoms and disordered eating among adolescent girls and boys: a multiwave, prospective study. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 42:803-12. [PMID: 24343793 PMCID: PMC4076849 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of depression and eating disorders increase during adolescence, particularly among girls, and they tend to co-occur. Despite this evidence, there is meager research on whether depression increases the risk of future eating pathology, or vice versa, and we do not know whether these processes are different for adolescent girls and boys. Accordingly, this study explored the prospective reciprocal associations between depressive symptoms and disordered eating at different time points from preadolescence to mid-adolescence and tested the moderator effect of gender on these associations. A community-based sample of Spanish youth (N = 942, 49 % female) was assessed at ages of approximately 10-11 (T1), 12-13 (T2), 14-15 (T3), and 16-17 (T4) years. The bidirectional relationships between depressive symptoms and disordered eating were estimated in an autoregressive cross-lagged model with latent variables. A unidirectional, age-specific association between depressive symptoms at T1 and disordered eating at T2 was found. No other significant cross-lagged effect emerged, but the stability of the constructs was considerable. Gender did not moderate any of the links examined. Regardless of gender, the transition from childhood to adolescence appears to be a key period when depressive symptoms foster the development of disordered eating. These findings suggest that early prevention and treatment of depression targeting both girls and boys may result in lower levels of depressive symptoms and disordered eating in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ferreiro
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, (A Coruña), Spain
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Boujut E, Gana K. Relationship between depressive mood and eating disorders in a non-clinical young female sample: a one-year longitudinal analysis of cross-lagged and simultaneous effects. Eat Behav 2014; 15:434-40. [PMID: 25064295 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although it is generally agreed that eating disorders (EDs) and depressive mood (DM) are related, the main ambiguity arises from difficulties in determining their cause-effect relationships. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal reciprocal causation between EDs and DM among female students. Several models (cross-lagged effects and simultaneous effects) were tested in order to disentangle the prospective relationships between DM (measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form) and EDs (measured by the Eating Attitudes Test-26) using structural equation modeling with latent variables on one-year longitudinal data. A total of 567 female students were interviewed at the beginning of the first university year (T1); 373 of them were re-interviewed 6 months later (T2), and 359 were re-interviewed after a further 6 months (T3). The results support (1) the prospective reciprocal effects model and (2) the simultaneous reciprocal effects model. The implications of the findings in terms of theoretical improvements and effective treatments are discussed.
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Drobnjak S, Atsiz S, Ditzen B, Tuschen-Caffier B, Ehlert U. Restrained eating and self-esteem in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. J Eat Disord 2014; 2:23. [PMID: 25349697 PMCID: PMC4209048 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-014-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been limited research about disordered eating in middle-aged women, and to date, few data exist about restrained eating behavior in postmenopausal women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine eating behavior with a specific focus on menopause as an associated factor in restrained eating. Beyond this, we were interested in how postmenopausal status and self-esteem would interact to determine eating patterns in women in middle age. METHODS We conducted an online survey in women aged between 40 and 66. Eating behavior was assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in premenopausal (N = 318) and postmenopausal women (N = 250). All participants rated their self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and reported their weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference. RESULTS 15.7% of all participants showed clinically meaningful scores on restrained eating. Postmenopausal women showed significantly higher scores on the EDE-Q subscale of restrained eating as compared to premenopausal women, but when controlling for body mass index, however, this finding was no longer significant. Further exploratory analyses suggest that particularly low or high self-esteem levels are associated with restrained eating. Self-esteem might serve as a mediator between menopausal status and restrained eating, however results of these additional analyses were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Restrained eating may appear in middle-aged women. Particularly in postmenopausal women, restrained eating might be associated with lower and higher self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Drobnjak
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14/26, Zurich, 8050 Switzerland
| | - Semra Atsiz
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14/26, Zurich, 8050 Switzerland
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14/26, Zurich, 8050 Switzerland ; Institute of Medical Psychology in the Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Bergheimer Str. 20, Heidelberg, 69115 Germany
| | - Brunna Tuschen-Caffier
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs University, Engelbergerstrasse 41, Freiburg, 79106 Germany
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14/26, Zurich, 8050 Switzerland
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Patrick JH, Stahl ST, Sundaram M. Disordered Eating and Psychological Distress among Adults. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2011; 73:209-26. [PMID: 22272506 DOI: 10.2190/ag.73.3.b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of our knowledge about eating disorders derives from adolescent and young adult samples; knowledge regarding disordered eating in middle and later adulthood is limited. We examined the associations among known predictors of eating disorders for younger adults in an age-diverse sample and within the context of psychological distress. Using data from 567 adults (ages 18 to 88 years), we tested a path model in which age, gender, eating-related cognitions, and satisfaction with appearance predicted eating disorders which, in turn, predicted psychological distress. The model fit the data well (χ2 (DF= 11, N = 567) = 30.58, p < .001; GFI = .987, NFI = .963; RMSEA = .056), explaining 20.1% of the variance in psychological distress.
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Slevec J, Tiggemann M. Media Exposure, Body Dissatisfaction, and Disordered Eating in Middle-aged Women. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0361684311420249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of our study was to examine the influence of media exposure on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in middle-aged women. A sample of 101 women, aged between 35 and 55 years, completed questionnaire measures of media exposure, thin-ideal internalization, social comparison, appearance investment, aging anxiety, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating. Television, but not magazine exposure, was positively related to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. In contrast, both television and magazine exposure were positive correlates of all four proposed media-processing variables (internalization, social comparison, appearance investment, and aging anxiety), which were themselves positive correlates of both body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Structural equation modelling revealed that the influence of media exposure was fully mediated by the proposed media processes. The analyses also indicated that our proposed sociocultural model of disordered eating provided a reasonably good fit to the data, suggesting that sociocultural theory can be extended to women of middle-age. An important practical implication of this finding is that strategies aimed at challenging and minimizing these media processes may reduce some of the negative impact of media exposure in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Slevec
- Department of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Marika Tiggemann
- Department of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Predictors of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in middle-aged women. Clin Psychol Rev 2011; 31:515-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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McLean SA, Paxton SJ, Wertheim EH. Factors associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in women in midlife. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:527-36. [PMID: 19718668 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined developmentally appropriate factors that may be associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in women in midlife. METHOD Participants were a community sample of 200 women aged 35-65. Outcome measures were the weight concern, shape concern, eating concern, and restraint subscales of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Independent variables were importance of appearance, importance of function, cognitive reappraisal (of aging changes to appearance), and body-related self-care. RESULTS Importance of appearance, self-care, and body mass index (BMI) accounted for variance in regression modeling for all EDE-Q variables. In addition, cognitive reappraisal was related to shape concern and restraint, and importance of function and age were also associated with restraint. Participants identified as probable eating disorder cases had significantly higher BMI, importance of appearance and function, and significantly lower cognitive reappraisal and self-care scores than participants identified as noncases. DISCUSSION This study provides support for the role of developmentally relevant factors in body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân A McLean
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Kally Z, Cumella EJ. 100 Midlife Women With Eating Disorders: A Phenomenological Analysis of Etiology. The Journal of General Psychology 2010; 135:359-77. [DOI: 10.3200/genp.135.4.359-378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Presnell K, Stice E, Seidel A, Madeley MC. Depression and eating pathology: prospective reciprocal relations in adolescents. Clin Psychol Psychother 2009; 16:357-65. [PMID: 19569042 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The association between disordered eating and depression has been established, but less is known about the temporal relations between these two disturbances. Accordingly, the current study examined the reciprocal relations between depressive and bulimic symptoms over an 8-year period, with longitudinal data from a community sample of 496 female adolescents. Depressive symptoms predicted future increases in bulimic symptoms, and bulimic symptoms likewise predicted increases in depressive symptoms, controlling for earlier levels of symptoms for each outcome. These results provide evidence consistent with the hypothesis that the two disorders contribute reciprocally to each other, and indicate that successful prevention or treatment of one disorder may yield effects for the other. However, the relatively small predictive effect sizes imply that some third variable may contribute to both conditions (e.g., temperamental negative affectivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Presnell
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0442, USA.
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Cumella EJ, Kally Z. Comparison of middle-age and young women inpatients with eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord 2008; 13:183-90. [PMID: 19169074 DOI: 10.1007/bf03327505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare clinical presentations of eating disorders (ED) in midlife vs. younger inpatients. The sample consisted of 604 inpatients, 302 admitted to treatment at the age of 40 or older, and 302 admitted between ages 18-25, a more common ED age. Results suggested several unique features of midlife vs. younger ED inpatients: significantly more diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, both subtypes, and fewer diagnoses of bulimia nervosa; greater ED severity but fewer body image issues and less body image distortion; greater emotional and behavioral overcontrol and symptom denial; more bipolar and major depressive disorders, suicidality, and sexual abuse histories; a trend toward greater misuse of calming/sedating substances; and fewer maturation issues. The corresponding needs among midlife ED patients for specialized assessment and treatment interventions are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Cumella
- Department of Research and Education, Remuda Ranch Programs for Eating Disorders, Wickenburg, Arizona 85390, USA.
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Swinbourne JM, Touyz SW. The co-morbidity of eating disorders and anxiety disorders: a review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2007; 15:253-74. [PMID: 17676696 DOI: 10.1002/erv.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To critically review the literature examining the co-morbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders. METHOD A review of the literature on the co-morbidity between anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorders not otherwise specified and the anxiety disorders of OCD, PTSD, social anxiety, GAD, panic and agoraphobia. RESULTS Of the empirical studies undertaken, it is clear that anxiety disorders are significantly more frequent in subjects with eating disorders than the general community. Researchers have shown that often anxiety disorders pre-date eating disorders, leading to a suggestion that early onset anxiety may predispose individuals to developing an eating disorder. To date however, the research presents strikingly inconsistent findings, thus complicating our understanding of eating disorder and anxiety co-morbidity. Furthermore, despite indications that eating disorder prevalence amongst individuals presenting for anxiety treatment may be high, there is a distinct lack of research in this area. DISCUSSION This review critically examines the available research to date on the co-morbidity of eating disorders and anxiety disorders. Some of the methodological limitations of previous research are presented, in order to highlight the issues which warrant further scientific investigation in this area.
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