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Lydecker JA, Ozbardakci EV, Grilo CM. The children of parents who receive treatment for binge-eating disorder experience improvements in disordered eating. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:745-751. [PMID: 38308384 PMCID: PMC10947894 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parental eating disorders are associated with disordered eating behaviors and psychopathology in their children, but it is not known whether parent treatment for binge-eating disorder (BED) is associated with changes in child disordered eating behaviors and weight. Benefits or the "ripple" effect of treatment on untreated family members has been described in the obesity literature but not for BED. METHOD Participants evaluated for two randomized clinical trials for BED were screened for whether they had children. 76 parents completed baseline assessments about a school-aged child; 62 were randomized to treatment, of whom 41 completed end-of-treatment assessments about their child's eating behaviors and weight (which were not targeted in the parent treatments). RESULTS Analyses revealed a significant effect of time on children's binge-eating frequency and perceived weight category and a significant effect of parent medication on perceived weight category. Parental change in binge eating was associated significantly with changes in child secretive eating and food hoarding. Parental change in weight was not associated significantly with change in age/sex-normed child BMI percentile, but had some associations with parent-perceived child weight category. CONCLUSIONS Parent changes during their treatment were associated with changes in their children. Future longitudinal research is needed to examine when disordered eating emerges and clarify critical intervention timing related to children's age and parental BED. Further clinical research is also needed to assess the effectiveness of treating disordered eating at the family level. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Prior cross-sectional work has found that parents with BED are more likely to have children who engage in binge eating compared to parents without eating-disorder psychopathology. This study was an initial exploration of change in children when parents received treatment in randomized controlled trials for BED. In this study, parent changes in binge eating were associated with reduced child secretive eating and food hoarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Lydecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Elise V Ozbardakci
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Ohrt TK, Perez M, Iida M, Luecken LJ, Lemery-Chalfant K, Liew J. The Interdependent Nature of Mother's and Children's Temperament and Eating Behaviors on Weight. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:1382-1391. [PMID: 37248304 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The family environment is an important contextual factor for parent and child weight within families. Using an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, the current study examined (1) the effect of child and mother temperament (i.e., negative affectivity, effortful control, and impulsivity) on mother and child weight, (2) the effect of mother eating behaviors on mother and child weight, and (3) how temperament might moderate the relationships between mother eating behaviors and mother and child weight. METHODS The sample consisted of 220 mother-child dyads with children between 4 and 6 years of age (66.8% classified as low-, 25.9% middle-, and 5.5% high-income). Mothers completed questionnaires on their own temperament and eating behaviors as well as child temperament. Weight measures were assessed in the laboratory for both mother and child. RESULTS Mother's negative affectivity and impulsivity were negatively related to mother's weight while children's impulsivity was positively related to children's and mother's weight. Mother's eating behaviors were also positively related to mother's weight. The interaction between child impulsivity and mother eating behaviors was significant; the association of mother eating behaviors with mother weight depended on child impulsivity. Specifically, when children had higher impulsivity, mothers had the highest weight. When children had average or lower impulsivity, mother weight was higher with higher endorsement of unhealthy eating behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that after adjusting for the interdependent nature of temperament traits and weight, child impulsivity is an important factor associated with current weight for both mothers and children. Results also provide important implications for the impact children can have on their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara K Ohrt
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA.
| | - Marisol Perez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA.
| | - Masumi Iida
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Linda J Luecken
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
| | - Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
| | - Jeffrey Liew
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Kambanis PE, Bottera AR, Mancuso CJ, Spoor SP, Anderson LM, Burke NL, Eddy KT, Forbush KT, Keith JF, Lavender JM, Mensinger JL, Mujica C, Nagata JM, Perez M, De Young KP. Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire and Clinical Impairment Assessment norms for intersectional identities using an MTurk sample. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1690-1707. [PMID: 36054425 PMCID: PMC10263063 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are limited data to guide the interpretation of scores on measures of eating-disorder psychopathology among underrepresented individuals. We aimed to provide norms for the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) across racial/ethnic, gender, and sexual identities, and sexual orientations and their intersections by recruiting a diverse sample of Amazon MTurk workers (MTurkers; N = 1782). METHOD We created a comprehensive, quantitative assessment of racial/ethnic identification, gender identification, sex assigned at birth, current sexual identification, and sexual orientation called the Demographic Assessment of Racial, Sexual, and Gender Identities (DARSGI). We calculated normative data for each demographic category response option. RESULTS Our sample was comprised of 68% underrepresented racial/ethnic identities, 42% underrepresented gender identities, 13% underrepresented sexes, and 49% underrepresented sexual orientations. We reported means and standard deviations for each demographic category response option and, where possible, mean estimates by percentile across intersectional groups. EDE-Q Global Score for a subset of identities and intersections in the current study were higher than previously reported norms for those identities/intersections. DISCUSSION This is the most thorough reporting of norms for the EDE-Q and CIA among racial/ethnic, sexual, and gender identities, and sexual orientations and the first reporting on multiple intersections, filling some of the gaps for commonly used measures of eating-disorder psychopathology. These norms may be used to contextualize eating-disorder psychopathology reported by underrepresented individuals. The data from the current study may help inform research on the prevention and treatment of eating-disorder psychopathology in underrepresented groups. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE We provide the most thorough reporting on racial/ethnic, sexual, and gender identities, and sexual orientations for the Eating Disorder Examination - Questionnaire and Clinical Impairment Assessment, and the first reporting on intersections, which fills some of the gaps for commonly used measures of eating-disorder psychopathology. These norms help inform research on the prevention and treatment of eating-disorder psychopathology in underrepresented groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lisa M. Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Kamryn T. Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jill F. Keith
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Human Nutrition and Food/Dietetics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Jason M. Lavender
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Bethesda, MD
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX
| | - Janell L. Mensinger
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
| | - Christin Mujica
- Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AK
| | - Jason M. Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marisol Perez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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Transtornos alimentares na infância. PSICO 2022. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-8623.2022.1.38780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Transtornos alimentares são um tema preocupante em qualquer fase de desenvolvimento humano. Essa revisão da literatura teve o objetivo de analisar as produções científicas quanto a transtornos alimentares em crianças, com a busca de artigos publicados entre 2014-2019 nas bases de dados Scielo, Pepsic, BVS (Lilacs) e Periódicos CAPES, utilizando os termos “childhood” AND “eating disorder”, “child” AND “eating disorder”, “children” AND “eating disorder”, “childhood” AND “eating difficulty”. 43 artigos foram selecionados após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão e inclusão. Os resultados indicaram três tópicos principais discutidos nos estudos: a forma como os cuidadores influenciam na alimentação de crianças, fatores emocionais e psicológicos que influenciam nos transtornos alimentares, e o tratamento de crianças com transtornos alimentares. Concluiu-se que o tema ainda é pouco estudado e o cenário internacional é referência em publicações.
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Subclinical binge eating symptoms in early adolescence and its preceding and concurrent factors: a population-based study. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:180. [PMID: 36424658 PMCID: PMC9685858 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binge eating, loss of control eating and overeating often develop during late childhood or early adolescence. Understanding the presentation of binge eating as early as symptoms manifest and its preceding and concurrent factors is essential to hamper the development of eating disorders. This study examined the prevalence, concurrent and preceding factors (e.g. compensatory behaviors, emotional and behavioral problems) of subclinical binge eating symptoms in early adolescence. METHODS Data from the population-based Generation R Study were used (n = 3595). At 10 years and 14 years, preceding and concurrent factors including eating behaviors, body dissatisfaction, emotional and behavioral problems and body composition were assessed. At 14 years, 3595 adolescents self-reported on binge eating symptoms in the past 3 months and were categorized into four groups: no symptoms (n = 3143, 87.4%), overeating only (n = 121, 3.4%), loss of control (LOC) eating only (n = 252, 7.0%) or binge eating (i.e. both, n = 79, 2.2%). RESULTS In total, 452 (12.6%) young adolescents reported subclinical binge eating symptoms. Those who reported LOC eating and binge eating showed most compensatory behaviors (e.g. hide or throw away food, skipping meals). Concurrent emotional and behavioral problems, body dissatisfaction, more emotional-, restrained- and uncontrolled eating, and a higher BMI were associated with subclinical binge eating symptoms. Preceding self-reported emotional and behavioral problems, body dissatisfaction, more restrained eating and higher BMI (both fat mass and fat-free mass) at 10 years were associated with LOC eating and binge eating, but not with overeating. DISCUSSION Among young adolescents, subclinical binge eating symptoms were common. Considering the high prevalence of LOC eating, and the overlapping preceding and concurrent factors of LOC eating and binge eating compared to overeating, LOC eating seems to be a key symptom of binge eating in early adolescence.
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Binge eating disorder and stress level among patients attending nutrition counseling. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:638-643. [PMID: 35485375 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by eating much more than what most people would eat under similar circumstances. Inability to cope with stress and emotions may be the reason for BED episodes. OBJECTIVE to assess the level of stress and BED severity based on the number of episodes of compulsive overeating among patients attending nutrition counseling. METHODS a total of 100 people (60 women and 40 men) were taking part in the study. A questionnaire in which subjects answered questions concerning diet, number of meals, and coping with stressful situations was used. A nutritional diary was used to assess the amount of BED episodes and consumed products, and the emotions felt during consumption. PSS-10 was used to measure the response to stressful situations. RESULTS all subjects had episodes of compulsive overeating but the majority of respondents (52 %) had no more than 3 episodes of binge eating per week. During a BED episode patients most often chose sweets (58.2 %). The main way of responding of people on stressful situations was snacking, especially sweets. CONCLUSIONS high levels of stress correlated positively with the number of BED episodes and excessive body weight. The PSS-10 questionnaire could be a useful tool in nutrition counseling.
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Patel C, Walasek L, Karasouli E, Meyer C. Content and Validity of Claims Made about Food Parenting Practices in United Kingdom Online News Articles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095053. [PMID: 35564446 PMCID: PMC9105157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to qualitatively summarise the content of online news articles pertaining to food parenting practices and determine whether this content is substantiated by the scientific literature. News article data were identified and collected from United Kingdom online news published during 2010–2017 period using the News on the Web corpus. A coding framework was used to categorise the content of news articles to identify information related to food parenting practices. Then, claims made about food parenting practices were extracted from relevant news articles. Each claim was evaluated to determine the extent to which any claims were supported by the available scientific research evidence. The study identified ten claims across thirty-two relevant online news articles. Claims made across the news articles reported on the following food parenting practices: food restrictions, food-based threats and bribes, pressure to eat, use of food to control negative emotions, food availability, food preparation, and meal and snack routines. Eight out of the ten claims identified did not refer to scientific research evidence. News articles frequently lacked detail and information to explain to readers why and how the use of certain food parenting practices could have a lasting impact on children’s health outcomes. Considering the influence that news media has on parents, the reporting of food parenting practices in news articles should aim to provide a balanced view of the published scientific evidence and recognise the difficulties and barriers that prevent the use of helpful and healthy food parenting practices. The study results in this paper could be used to aid and structure of the dissemination of food parenting practice research findings in the media, inform public health education to influence perceptions of unhelpful food parenting practices, and promote parental use of responsive food parenting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Patel
- Warwick Manufacturting Group, Behaviour and Wellbeing Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lukasz Walasek
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Eleni Karasouli
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Caroline Meyer
- Warwick Manufacturting Group, Behaviour and Wellbeing Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
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Lydecker JA, Rossa ET, Grilo CM. Does your past define you? How weight histories are associated with child eating-disorder psychopathology. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:515-524. [PMID: 33851327 PMCID: PMC8511348 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine how parents' and adolescents' weight histories were associated with parents' approach to eating/weight-related parenting and children's eating-disorder behaviors. METHODS Participants were 502 parents (69.3% mothers, 30.7% fathers) of children 12-16 years old who completed an online survey. Parents reported their own and their child's weight status during childhood and adolescence. Parents' and children's weight histories were categorized as "weight loss," "weight stability," or "weight gain" and were examined in relation to feeding practices and eating-disorder psychopathology. RESULTS Parents with a history of weight gain had greater personal eating-disorder psychopathology and more concerns about their child's weight than parents with weight stability or loss. They also reported greater parental overvaluation (judgment of themselves as parents according to their child's weight/shape). Children with a history of weight loss or gain were more likely to have eating-disorder behaviors than those with stable weight. Analyses revealed that results largely persisted after adjusting for child BMI-z. CONCLUSIONS Both parent and child weight gain between childhood and adolescence were associated with eating-disorder psychopathology, eating/weight-related parenting, and feeding practices. Pediatricians and clinicians should assess weight history when considering risk for eating disorders and obesity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-controlled analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Lydecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 301 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | | | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 301 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
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Burnette CB, Luzier J, Bennett BL, Weisenmuller C, Kerr P, Martin S, Keener J, Calderwood L. Concerns and recommendations for using Amazon MTurk for eating disorder research. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:263-272. [PMID: 34562036 PMCID: PMC8992375 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our original aim was to validate and norm common eating disorder (ED) symptom measures in a large, representative community sample of transgender adults in the United States. We recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a popular online recruitment and data collection platform both within and outside of the ED field. We present an overview of our experience using MTurk. METHOD Recruitment began in Spring 2020; our original target N was 2,250 transgender adults stratified evenly across the United States. Measures included a demographics questionnaire, the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, and the Eating Attitudes Test-26. Consistent with current literature recommendations, we implemented a comprehensive set of attention and validity measures to reduce and identify bot responding, data farming, and participant misrepresentation. RESULTS Recommended validity and attention checks failed to identify the majority of likely invalid responses. Our collection of two similar ED measures, thorough weight history assessment, and gender identity experiences allowed us to examine response concordance and identify impossible and improbable responses, which revealed glaring discrepancies and invalid data. Furthermore, qualitative data (e.g., emails received from MTurk workers) raised concerns about economic conditions facing MTurk workers that could compel misrepresentation. DISCUSSION Our results strongly suggest most of our data were invalid, and call into question results of recently published MTurk studies. We assert that caution and rigor must be applied when using MTurk as a recruitment tool for ED research, and offer several suggestions for ED researchers to mitigate and identify invalid data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Luzier
- Charleston Area Medical Center – Institute for Academic Medicine,West Virginia University School of Medicine-Charleston Division; Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry
| | - Brooke L. Bennett
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chantel Weisenmuller
- Charleston Area Medical Center – Institute for Academic Medicine,West Virginia University School of Medicine-Charleston Division; Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry
| | - Patrick Kerr
- Charleston Area Medical Center – Institute for Academic Medicine,West Virginia University School of Medicine-Charleston Division; Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry
| | | | - Jillian Keener
- Charleston Area Medical Center – Institute for Academic Medicine,West Virginia University School of Medicine-Charleston Division; Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry
| | - Lisa Calderwood
- Charleston Area Medical Center – Institute for Academic Medicine
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Boswell RG, Lydecker JA. Double trouble? Associations of parental substance use and eating behaviors with pediatric disordered eating. Addict Behav 2021; 123:107089. [PMID: 34450350 PMCID: PMC8506907 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comorbidity between substance use disorders and eating disorders is common and related to severity of psychopathology. Parents' eating disorder or substance use disorder have been examined independently and appear to be related to psychopathology in their children. However, no prior work has examined whether co-occurring substance use and eating disorder behaviors in parents relate to eating-disorder psychopathology and weight in their children. METHOD Participants (N = 435) were parents who completed an online cross-sectional survey. Parents reported their personal substance use and eating-disorder behaviors. Relationships between parental substance use (SUD), parental binge eating (ED), and co-occurring parental substance use and binge eating (SUDxED) with child eating-disorder psychopathology and weight were examined using linear regression. Parent age and sex, child age and sex, parent impulsivity and parent depression scores were included as covariates in analyses. RESULTS Greater severity of co-occurring parental SUDxED behavior was associated with greater child eating-related psychopathology, including child binge eating and child purging. Additionally, greater parental binge eating (ED) alone was associated with greater child binge eating and overeating. Parental SUD and/or ED behavior were not related to child weight. Child age did not moderate relationships between parent SUDxED behaviors and child binge eating or overeating. DISCUSSION Overall, parents with greater co-occurring substance use and eating disorder behaviors had children with more severe eating-disorder psychopathology. Clinicians working with families, and those seeking to prevent pediatric eating-related problems, should consider assessing and addressing parents' psychopathology to improve prevention and treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Boswell
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Princeton Center for Eating Disorders, Penn Medicine, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Janet A Lydecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Parental eating disorders: A systematic review of parenting attitudes, behaviours, and parent-child interactions. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 88:102031. [PMID: 34246839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A substantial proportion of adults with eating disorders are parents. Studies suggest these parents may experience a range of parenting challenges, and their children may be at an increased risk for the development of eating disorders themselves. With parenting practices being one potential environmental mechanism for the intergenerational transmission of eating disorders, we systematically searched Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and PsychArticles for controlled studies in which parenting attitudes, behaviours, and parent-child interactions were examined for parents with and without probable eating disorders. 26,512 abstracts were screened, and 167 full-text manuscripts were retrieved, with 33 studies meeting the review inclusion criteria. Studies suggest that parents with eating disorders experience higher levels of parenting stress than control parents, and may on average be more intrusive, less sensitive, and provide less structuring/facilitation in non-feeding interactions with their children. These parents also appear, on average, to experience increased concern about their children's weight, and parent-child mealtime interactions may be problematic and characterised by high levels of conflict. Suggestions for future research are made with a view to enhancing understandings of the intergenerational transmission of eating disorders, which may lead to the identification of intervention targets for parents with eating disorders and their children.
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Döhnert M, Wiegand-Grefe S. [Preventive and therapeutic interventions for children of mentally ill parents]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2020; 49:51-61. [PMID: 33269950 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Preventive and therapeutic interventions for children of mentally ill parents Abstract. The risk of developing mental disorders increases markedly in children of mentally ill parents. Several risk factors have been identified and become possible targets of preventive and therapeutic interventions. Numerous studies investigated the efficacy of these interventions, which are very heterogeneous regarding content and methodology. One part of these studies focuses on infants of depressed and substance-addicted mothers; the other part focuses on children and adolescents of parents suffering from various mental disorders. Today, we have several meta-analyses at our disposal which yielded small effect sizes concerning the development of psychological symptoms or disorders in these affected children. The current review reveals a lack of high-quality studies, and analyses on cost-effectiveness are also needed. The preventive and therapeutic interventions now available show inadequate efficacy to effectively improve the situation of these children and adolescents. Future research is needed to develop and implement cost-effective interventions as well as high-quality studies to investigate the efficacy of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Döhnert
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Leipzig
| | - Silke Wiegand-Grefe
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Zentrum für psychosoziale Medizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychotherapie und -psychosomatik, Hamburg
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Lydecker JA, Park J, Grilo CM. Parents Can Experience Impairment Because of Their Children's Weight and Problematic Eating Behaviors. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:189-194. [PMID: 31611138 PMCID: PMC6980706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric obesity and eating disorders have adverse consequences on children's health and psychosocial functioning. Parents are involved in children's daily lives and their health, but the extent to which children's eating behaviors or weight impact parents' daily functioning is unknown. METHODS The present study examined parent and child impairment because of child eating problems and weight in key life domains, including work/school, social life, and family life. Participants were parents (N = 861; 35.5% fathers) who completed an online cross-sectional survey, including perceived impairment because of their child's weight and eating behaviors. RESULTS Overall, 7.0% of parents reported clinically significant impairment because of child weight, and 6.9% reported clinically significant impairment because of child eating behaviors. Significantly more parents of children categorized as having obesity reported clinically significant parent and child impairment than other weight categories. Parents of children who regularly engaged in secretive eating reported greater child impairment than those without problematic eating. When child weight and problematic eating behaviors were analyzed jointly with parent sex, child sex, and parents' overinvestment in their child's weight, parents' overinvestment in child weight was associated significantly with parent and child impairment, and secretive eating maintained a significant association, but weight status was no longer associated significantly with impairment. CONCLUSIONS Understanding and considering individual and family impairment associated with obesity and problematic eating behaviors is critical for family-based prevention and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Lydecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | | | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Pavlova N, Filippova E. The co-relation of eating behavior and body image formation in children and adolescents in the context of child-parent relationships. СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ 2020. [DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2020090403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The review presents foreign works aimed at studying the effects of parental and societal behavior on eating behavior and attitudes towards their bodies in children and adolescents. The reviewed articles analyze attitudes towards the bodies and internalized appearance patterns in children and adolescents, formation of their patterns of healthy eating and healthy eating behavior, and do not focus on eating disorders only. It must be noted that in Russia the issue of healthy eating behavior is touched upon mainly in publications concerning the medical aspect of this problem, while in foreign psychological studies it is becoming increasingly popular. The analysis of the publications also shows that the problem of eating behavior and attitude to the body, traditionally related to adolescence, is clearly "rejuvenated". Children aged 6-7 are gradually becoming the target group of researchers, so the problem deserves serious attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.V. Pavlova
- Moscow State University of psychology and Education
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Treasure J, Schmidt U, Kan C. An illustration of collaborative care with a focus on the role of fathers in Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults (MANTRA). J Clin Psychol 2019; 75:1403-1414. [PMID: 31038745 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this case study is to illustrate the importance of collaborative care as part of Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults (MANTRA). Mothers are often at the foreground of providing support within the family. However, fathers have the potential to play a profound role. In this paper, we describe a patient with anorexia nervosa treated with the MANTRA. The formulation of this case included autistic spectrum traits in both the father and daughter leading to social isolation. We describe how the family members were engaged into treatment and how paternal support was used to promote social connection and an improved quality of life in the daughter. Some details of the case have been altered to maintain confidentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorder, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorder, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Kan
- Section of Eating Disorder, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Patel C, Karasouli E, Shuttlewood E, Meyer C. Food Parenting Practices among Parents with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1966. [PMID: 30545102 PMCID: PMC6316864 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the links between parental obesity and eating psychopathology in their children, it is important to understand the mechanisms via which unhealthy relationships with eating are passed from generation to generation. The aim was to review research focusing on food-related parenting practices (FPPs) used by parents with overweight/obesity. Web of Science, PubMed and PsycINFO were searched. Studies that included a measure of FPPs were considered eligible and were required to have examined FPPs by parental weight status. Twenty studies were included. Single studies suggest differences between parents with healthy-weight vs. overweight/obesity with respect to; food accessibility, food availability and modelling. Multiple studies suggest that several parenting strategies do not differ according to parental weight status (child involvement, praise, use of food to control negative emotions, use of food-based threats and bribes, pressure, restriction, meal and snack routines, monitoring, and rules and limits). There was inconclusive evidence with respect to differences in parental control, encouragement and use of unstructured FPPs among parents with healthy-weight vs. overweight/obesity. The findings of this review imply some differences between parents with overweight/obesity and healthy-weight and the use of some food-related parenting practices, however, they should be interpreted with caution since research remains limited and is generally methodologically weak. The review highlights opportunities for further research, and suggests improvements to current measures of FPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Patel
- Applied Psychology, International Digital Laboratory, Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Eleni Karasouli
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Emma Shuttlewood
- Weight Management Services, Specialist Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
| | - Caroline Meyer
- Applied Psychology, International Digital Laboratory, Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
- Weight Management Services, Specialist Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our primary goal in this article is to review recent findings (from 2015 and on) concerning children of parents with eating disorders. This review addresses the question of whether the offspring of parents with past or present eating disorders have adverse outcomes. This update is timely and informative because recent research includes controlled studies and large cohort designs and earlier reviews relied on case report evidence. RECENT FINDINGS Despite substantial diversity in study design, sample size, and parental eating disorder definition, overall, existing research suggests that the children of parents with eating disorders exhibit compromised development: a greater risk of perinatal complications; a tendency toward extremes of growth at birth; greater problems in feeding and eating behaviors and greater incidence of eating disorder symptoms; more psychological and socioemotional difficulties; and more negative qualities to parent-child interactions. Data on children's cognitive outcomes is thus far inconsistent. Given the relatively high incidence of eating disorder history in individuals of childbearing age, research into its potential effects on children is necessary. However, the methodological shortcomings and a limited evidence base caution in drawing conclusions. Nevertheless, mental health services should address the possible problems that these children face and offer tailored programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunna J Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7160, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7160, USA. .,School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. .,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Amy O'Brien
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shiri Sadeh-Sharvit
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
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Abstract
Adolescents with obesity are not immune to developing disordered eating and eating disorders. They most commonly present with atypical or subthreshold criterion due to excess body weight or questions regarding the presence of a distorted body image. Patients with premorbid overweight/obesity and subsequent achievement of weight loss may lead to delays in the recognition and treatment of disordered eating and eating disorders. In fact, disordered eating and eating disorders tend to be higher in those undergoing weight management. This article describes risk factors for the development of eating disorders, common features of eating disorders in adolescents with obesity, and provides recommendations for prevention strategies. [Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(6):e232-e237.].
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Lydecker JA, Shea M, Grilo CM. Driven exercise in the absence of binge eating: Implications for purging disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:139-145. [PMID: 29215743 PMCID: PMC5796839 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Purging disorder (PD) is characterized by recurrent purging without objectively large binge-eating episodes. PD has received relatively little attention, and questions remain about the clinical significance of "purging" by exercise that is driven or compulsive (i.e., as extreme compensatory or weight-control behavior). The little available research suggests that individuals who use exercise as a compensatory behavior might have less eating-disorder psychopathology than those who purge by vomiting or laxatives, but those studies have had smaller sample sizes, defined PD using low-frequency thresholds, and defined exercise without weight-compensatory or driven elements. METHOD Participants (N = 2,017) completed a web-based survey with established measures of eating-disorder psychopathology, depression, and physical activity. Participants were categorized (regular compensatory driven exercise, PD-E, n = 297; regular compensatory vomiting/laxatives, PD-VL, n = 59; broadly defined anorexia nervosa, AN, n = 20; and no eating-disordered behaviors, NED, n = 1,658) and compared. RESULTS PD-E, PD-VL, and AN had higher eating-disorder psychopathology and physical activity than NED but did not significantly differ from each other on most domains. PD-VL and AN had higher depression than PD-E, which was higher than NED. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that among participants with regularly compensatory behaviors without binge eating, those who use exercise alone have similar levels of associated eating-disorder psychopathology as those who use vomiting/laxatives, although they have lower depression levels and overall frequency of purging. Findings provide further support for the clinical significance of PD. Clinicians and researchers should recognize the severity of driven exercise as a compensatory behavior, and the need for further epidemiological and treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Shea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine,Amherst College
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