1
|
Van Drunen WE, Friedman J. Autopolyploid establishment depends on life-history strategy and the mating outcomes of clonal architecture. Evolution 2022; 76:1953-1970. [PMID: 35861365 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy is a significant component in the evolution of many taxa, particularly plant groups. However, new polyploids face substantial fitness disadvantages due to a lack of same-cytotype mates, and the factors promoting or preventing polyploid establishment in natural populations are often unclear. We develop spatially explicit agent-based simulation models to test the hypothesis that a perennial life history and clonal propagation facilitate the early stages of polyploid establishment and persistence. Our models show that polyploids are more likely to establish when they have longer life spans than diploids, especially when self-fertilization rates are high. Polyploids that combine sexual and clonal reproduction can establish across a wide range of life histories, but their success is moderated by clonal strategy. By tracking individuals and mating events, we reveal that clonal architecture has a substantial impact on the spatial structure of the mixed diploid-polyploid population during polyploid establishment: altering patterns of mating within or between cytotypes via geitonogamous self-fertilization, the mechanisms through which polyploid establishment proceeds, and the final composition of the polyploid population. Overall, our findings provide novel insight into the role of clonal structure in modulating the complex relationship between polyploidy, perenniality, and clonality and offer testable predictions for future empirical work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Van Drunen
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.,Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jannice Friedman
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tian H, Harder LD, Wang A, Zhang D, Liao W. Habitat effects on reproductive phenotype, pollinator behavior, fecundity, and mating outcomes of a bumble bee-pollinated herb. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:470-485. [PMID: 35244204 PMCID: PMC9314043 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Fecundity and mating outcomes commonly differ among plant populations occupying contrasting environments. If self-pollination occurs primarily among flowers within plants, contrasting reproductive outcomes among populations must reflect environmental effects on plant-pollinator interactions. Specifically, local conditions could affect features of plant phenotypes that influence pollinator behavior, in turn modifying plant reproductive outcomes. METHODS We compared phenotypes, pollinator abundance and behavior, and female fecundity and mating in two meadow populations and two forest populations of Aconitum kusnezoffii within 3 km of each other. Mating outcomes were assessed using microsatellites. RESULTS Meadow plants generally produced more, shorter ramets with more, larger flowers, but less nectar per flower than forest plants. These differences likely largely represent phenotypic plasticity. Individual bumble bees visited more flowers on forest plants, likely because the more abundant bees in the meadows depleted nectar availability, as indicated by briefer visits to individual flowers. Despite similar fruit set in both habitats, forest plants set more seeds per fruit. Nevertheless, meadow plants produced more seeds overall, owing to sevenfold greater flower production. Consistent with individual bees visiting fewer flowers on meadow plants, more of their seeds were outcrossed. However, the outcrossed seeds of forest plants included more male mates. CONCLUSIONS Reproductive outcomes can vary among populations of animal-pollinated plants as a result of differences in the availability of effective pollinators and environmental effects on plant phenotypes, and their functional consequences for pollinator behavior that governs pollen dispersal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Lawrence D. Harder
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Ai‐Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Da‐Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Wan‐Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koupilová K, Štenc J, Janovský Z. Pollen dispersal is driven by pollinator response to plant disease and plant spatial aggregation. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Bartoš M, Janeček Š, Janečková P, Padyšáková E, Tropek R, Götzenberger L, Klomberg Y, Jersáková J. Self-compatibility and autonomous selfing of plants in meadow communities. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:120-128. [PMID: 31549455 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the most fundamental, although controversial, questions related to the evolution of plant mating systems is the distribution of outcrossing rates. Self-compatibility, and especially autonomous self-pollination, can become particularly beneficial in anthropogenically degraded habitats with impoverished pollinator assemblages and increased pollen limitation. In a hand-pollination experiment with 46 meadow plants from the Železné hory Mts., Czech Republic, we evaluated the species' ability to adopt different mating systems. For a subset of the species, we also tested seed germination for inbreeding depression. Subsequently, we analysed relationships between the species' mating systems and 12 floral and life-history traits. We found a relatively discrete distribution of the studied species into four groups. Fully and partially self-incompatible species formed the largest group, followed by self-compatible non-selfers and mixed mating species. The germination experiment showed an absence of inbreeding depression in 19 out of 22 examined species. Nectar sugar per flower, nectar sugar per shoot and dichogamy were significant associated with the mating system. Spontaneous selfing ability and self-incompatibility in species of the meadow communities had a discrete distribution, conforming to the general distribution of mating and breeding systems in angiosperms. The low frequency of spontaneous selfers and the lack of inbreeding depression at germination suggest the existence of a selection against selfing at the later ontogenetic stages. Some floral traits, such as the level of dichogamy and amount of nectar reward, may strongly impact the balance between selfing and outcrossing rates in the self-compatible species and thus shape the evolution of mating systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bartoš
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Š Janeček
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - P Janečková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - E Padyšáková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - R Tropek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - L Götzenberger
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Y Klomberg
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - J Jersáková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Theron GL, de Waal C, Barrett SCH, Anderson B. Geographic variation of reproductive traits and competition for pollinators in a bird-pollinated plant. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10122-10134. [PMID: 31673331 PMCID: PMC6816071 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographic variation in the reproductive traits of animal-pollinated plants can be shaped by spatially variable selection imposed by differences in the local pollination environment. We investigated this process in Babiana ringens (Iridaceae), an enigmatic species from the Western Cape region of South Africa. B. ringens has evolved a specialized perch facilitating cross-pollination by sunbirds and displays striking geographic variation in perch size and floral traits. Here, we investigate whether this variation can be explained by geographic differences in the pollinator communities. We measured floral and inflorescence traits, and abiotic variables (N, P, C, and rainfall) and made observations of sunbirds in populations spanning the range of B. ringens. In each population, we recorded sunbird species identity and measured visitation rates, interfloral pollen transfer, and whether the seed set of flowers was pollen limited. To evaluate whether competition from co-occurring sunbird-pollinated species might reduce visitation, we quantified nectar rewards in B. ringens and of other co-flowering bird-pollinated species in local communities in which populations occurred. Variation in abiotic variables was not associated with geographical variation of traits in B. ringens. Malachite sunbirds were the dominant visitor (97% of visits) and populations with larger-sized traits exhibited higher visitation rates, more between-flower pollen transfer and set more seed. No sunbirds were observed in four populations, all with smaller-sized traits. Sunbird visitation to B. ringens was not associated with local sunbird activity in communities, but sunbird visitation was negatively associated with the amount of B. ringens sugar relative to the availability of alternative nectar sources. Our study provides evidence that B. ringens populations with larger floral traits are visited more frequently by sunbirds, and we propose that visitation rates to B. ringens may be influenced, in part, by competition with other sunbird-pollinated species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve L. Theron
- Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Caroli de Waal
- Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | | | - Bruce Anderson
- Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barrett SC, Harder LD. The Ecology of Mating and Its Evolutionary Consequences in Seed Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-023021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C.H. Barrett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Lawrence D. Harder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arroyo MTK, Pacheco DA, Dudley LS. Functional role of long-lived flowers in preventing pollen limitation in a high elevation outcrossing species. AOB PLANTS 2017; 9:plx050. [PMID: 29225762 PMCID: PMC5716155 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Low pollinator visitation in harsh environments may lead to pollen limitation which can threaten population persistence. Consequently, avoidance of pollen limitation is expected in outcrossing species subjected to habitually low pollinator service. The elevational decline in visitation rates on many high mountains provides an outstanding opportunity for addressing this question. According to a recent meta-analysis, levels of pollen limitation in alpine and lowland species do not differ. If parallel trends are manifested among populations of alpine species with wide elevational ranges, how do their uppermost populations contend with lower visitation? We investigated visitation rates and pollen limitation in high Andean Rhodolirium montanum. We test the hypothesis that lower visitation rates at high elevations are compensated for by the possession of long-lived flowers. Visitation rates decreased markedly over elevation as temperature decreased. Pollen limitation was absent at the low elevation site but did occur at the high elevation site. While initiation of stigmatic pollen deposition at high elevations was not delayed, rates of pollen arrival were lower, and cessation of pollination, as reflected by realized flower longevity, occurred later in the flower lifespan. Comparison of the elevational visitation decline and levels of pollen limitation indicates that flower longevity partially compensates for the lower visitation rates at high elevation. The functional role of flower longevity, however, was strongly masked by qualitative pollen limitation arising from higher abortion levels attributable to transference of genetically low-quality pollen in large clones. Stronger clonal growth at high elevations could counterbalance the negative fitness consequences of residual pollen limitation due to low visitation rates and/or difficult establishment under colder conditions. Visitation rates on the lower part of the elevational range greatly exceeded community rates recorded several decades ago when the planet was cooler. Current pollen limitation for some species in some habitats might underestimate historical levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary T K Arroyo
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Leah S Dudley
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
- Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ge XY, Tian H, Liao WJ. Characterization of 19 microsatellite loci in the clonal monkshood Aconitum kusnezoffii (Ranunculaceae). APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2016; 4:apps1500141. [PMID: 27347450 PMCID: PMC4915917 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1500141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from Aconitum kusnezoffii (Ranunculaceae) to estimate male and female reproductive success and evaluate the effects of clonal growth on sexual reproduction. METHODS AND RESULTS A genomic enrichment approach was used to develop microsatellite markers. In three investigated A. kusnezoffii populations, a total of 19 microsatellite loci were successfully amplified, and 13 of these loci were polymorphic. Most of the primer pairs designed for the identified loci also amplified corresponding microsatellite loci in A. barbatum var. puberulum and A. alboviolaceum. CONCLUSIONS The identified microsatellite loci will be useful for quantifying male and female fitness in A. kusnezoffii and evaluating the effects of clonal growth on sexual reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yue Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan-Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|