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Xiang G, Guo S, Qin J, Gao H, Zhang Y, Wang S. Comprehensive insight into the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, detoxification and extraction of hypaconitine from Aconitum plants. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 321:117505. [PMID: 38016573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypaconitine (HA), a diterpenoid alkaloid, mainly derived from Aconitum plants such as Acoitum carmichaeli Debx. And Aconitum nagarum Stapf., has recently piqued significant interest among the scientific community given its multifaceted attributes including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, and cardio-protective properties. AIM OF THE STUDY This review presents a comprehensive exploration of the research advancements regarding the traditional uses, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and toxicity reduction of HA. It aims to provide a thorough understanding of HA's multifaceted properties and its potential applications in various fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using several prominent databases including PubMed, Web of Science, NCBI, and CNKI. The search was performed using specific keywords such as "hypaconitine," "heart failure," "anti-inflammatory," "aconite decoction," "pharmacological," "pharmacokinetics," "toxicity," "detoxification or toxicity reduction," and "extraction and isolation." The inclusion of these keywords ensured a comprehensive exploration of relevant studies and enabled the retrieval of valuable information pertaining to the various aspects of HA. RESULTS Existing research has firmly established that HA possesses a range of pharmacological effects, encompassing anti-cardiac failure, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-tumor properties. The therapeutic potential of HA is promising, with potential applications in heart failure, ulcerative colitis, cancer, and other diseases. Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that HA exhibits high absorption rates, broad distribution, and rapid metabolism. However, toxic effects of HA on the nerves, heart, and embryos have also been observed. To mitigate these risks, HA needs attenuation before use, with the most common detoxification methods being processing and combined use with other drugs. Extraction methods for HA most commonly include cold maceration, soxhlet reflux extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Despite the potential therapeutic benefits of HA, further research is warranted to elucidate its anti-heart failure effects, particularly in vivo, exploring aspects such as in vivo metabolism, distribution, and metabolites. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of HA monomers on inflammation-induced diseases and tumors should be validated in a more diverse range of experimental models, while the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of HA should be investigated in greater detail. CONCLUSION This review serves to emphasize the therapeutic potential of HA and highlights the crucial need to address its toxicity concerns before considering clinical application. Further research is required to comprehensively investigate the pharmacological properties of HA, with particular emphasis on its anti-cardiac failure and anti-inflammatory activities. Such research endeavors have the potential to unveil novel treatment avenues for a broad spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Sa Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huimin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
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Qiu Z, Wei C, Kang L, Zhou L, Lai C, Li X, Yan B, Xu J, Wang S, Huang L. Sensitive quantitation of ultra-trace toxic aconitines in complex matrices by perfusion nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with gas-liquid microextraction. Talanta 2024; 269:125402. [PMID: 37979510 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The accurate analysis of ultra-trace (e.g. <10-4 ng/mL) substances in complex matrices is a burdensome but vital problem in pharmaceutical analysis, with important implications for precise quality control of drugs, discovery of innovative medicines and elucidation of pharmacological mechanisms. Herein, an innovative constant-flow perfusion nano-electrospray ionization (PnESI) technique was developed firstly features significant quantitative advantages in high-sensitivity ambient MS analysis of complex matrix sample. More importantly, double-labeled addition enrichment quantitation strategies of gas-liquid microextraction (GLME) were proposed for the first time, allowing highly selective extraction and enrichment of specific target analytes in a green and ultra-efficient (>1000-fold) manner. Using complex processed Aconitum herbs as example, PnESI-MS directly enabled the qualitative and absolute quantitative analysis of the processed Aconitum extracts and characterized the target toxic diester alkaloids with high sensitivity, high stability, wide linearity range, and strong resistance to matrix interference. Further, GLME device was applied to obtain the highly specific enrichment of the target diester alkaloids more than 1000-fold, and accurate absolute quantitation of trace aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in the extracts of Heishunpian, Zhichuanwu and Zhicaowu was accomplished (e.g., 0.098 pg/mL and 0.143 pg/mL), with the quantitation results well below the LODs of aconitines from any analytical instruments available. This study built a systematic strategy for accurate quantitation of ultra-trace substances in complex matrix sample and expected to provide a technological revolution in many fields of pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Chaofa Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Liping Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Binbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiaquan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Shuanglong Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Armstrong L, Machado CD, Dell'Avanzi GG, Spindola T, Raman V, Busch J, Maier J, da Silva NCB, Holandino C, Oliveira AP, Manfron J. Investigations on the morpho-anatomy and histochemistry of Aconitum napellus L. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:534-545. [PMID: 37950576 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Aconitum napellus L. is a popular medicinal plant extensively used in homeopathy. This article provides detailed morphology and microscopy, including the anatomical and histochemical features of the herb, to aid authentication and quality control. In cross-section, the root in secondary growth shows the phloem surrounded by pericyclic fibers and a well-developed xylem. The stem is irregular in outline, displaying unicellular trichomes and many free collateral vascular bundles encircling the pith. The leaf is dorsiventral, hypostomatic with anomocytic and anisocytic stomata, and shows non-glandular trichomes. The floral parts are characterized by uniseriate epidermises, homogeneous mesophyll, anomocytic stomata on the abaxial surface, trichomes, and oval pollen grains. The tissue fragments in powdered herbs show these characteristics and have numerous starch grains with thimble-shaped, linear or star-shaped hilum. The detailed macroscopic and microscopic analysis provided in this study can help in the authentication and quality control of A. napellus raw materials. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Key anatomical, micromorphological, and microchemical features of Aconitum napellus are described. The results of the study can support the taxonomy of the genus Aconitum. Morphological standardization of the species reported here is helpful in the quality control of this herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorene Armstrong
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Dias Machado
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Spindola
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vijayasankar Raman
- National Identification Services, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jakob Maier
- Hiscia Institute, Society for Cancer Research, Arlesheim, Switzerland
| | - Nina Cláudia Barboza da Silva
- Laboratório de Botânica Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carla Holandino
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Passos Oliveira
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jane Manfron
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Kumar B, Misra A, Rawat P, Agnihotri P, Srivastava S. Anti-rheumatic potential vis-à-vis aconitine and hypaconitine content analysis in different Aconitum spp. from Sikkim Himalayas (India). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301656. [PMID: 38217357 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Aconitum spp. are important medicinal plants mentioned in Ayurveda as Ativisa or Vatsanabha. The present study aims to evaluate anti-rheumatic potential in seven Aconitum species and correlation with aconitine and hypaconitine content. Anti-rheumatic potential was analyzed through in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibition, anti-inflammatory and ROS scavenging assays; and quantification of aconitine and hypaconitine with RP-HPLC method validated as per ICH guidelines. The findings reveal that A. palmatum possessed the most promising response (IC50 =12.68±0.15 μg/ml) followed by A. ferox (IC50 =12.912±1.87 μg/ml) for xanthin oxidase inhibition. We observed a wide variation in aconitine and hypaconitine content ranging from 0.018 %-1.37 % and 0.0051 %-0.077 % respectively on dry weight basis. Aconitine and hypaconitine showed moderate positive correlation (r=0.68 and 0.59 respectively) with anti-rheumatic potential. The study identifies potential alternative species of Aconitum that can help in sustainable availability of quality raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Kumar
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.), 226001, India
| | - Ankita Misra
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.), 226001, India
| | - Poonam Rawat
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.), 226001, India
| | - Priyanka Agnihotri
- Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.), 226001, India
| | - Sharad Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.), 226001, India
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Yang M, Liu J, Yang W, Li Z, Hai Y, Duan B, Zhang H, Yang X, Xia C. Analysis of codon usage patterns in 48 Aconitum species. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:703. [PMID: 37993787 PMCID: PMC10664653 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Aconitum genus is a crucial member of the Ranunculaceae family. There are 350 Aconitum species worldwide, with about 170 species found in China. These species are known for their various pharmacological effects and are commonly used to treat joint pain, cold abdominal pain, and other ailments. Codon usage bias (CUB) analysis contributes to evolutionary relationships and phylogeny. Based on protein-coding sequences (PCGs), we selected 48 species of Aconitum for CUB analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that Aconitum species had less than 50% GC content. Furthermore, the distribution of GC content was irregular and followed a trend of GC1 > GC2 > GC3, indicating a bias towards A/T bases. The relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) heat map revealed the presence of conservative codons with slight variations within the genus. The effective number of codons (ENC)-Plot and the parity rule 2 (PR2)-bias plot analysis indicate that natural selection is the primary factor influencing the variation in codon usage. As a result, we screened various optimal codons and found that A/T bases were preferred as the last codon. Furthermore, our Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis based on PCGs among 48 Aconitum species yielded results consistent with those obtained from complete chloroplast (cp.) genome data. This suggests that analyzing mutation in PCGs is an efficient method for demonstrating the phylogeny of species at the genus level. CONCLUSIONS The CUB analysis of 48 species of Aconitum was mainly influenced by natural selection. This study reveals the CUB pattern of Aconitum and lays the foundation for future genetic modification and phylogenetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Wanqing Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Yonglin Hai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Haizhu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
- Western Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Drug Engineering Center, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.
| | - Conglong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.
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Tian M, Jin B, Chen L, Ma R, Ma Q, Li X, Chen T, Guo J, Ge H, Zhao X, Lai C, Tang J, Cui G, Huang L. Functional diversity of diterpene synthases in Aconitum plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 202:107968. [PMID: 37619270 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Aconitum genus within the Ranunculaceae family are known to accumulate a broad array of medicinal and toxic diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs). Historically, ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CPP) was considered the sole precursor in DAs biosynthesis. However, the recent discovery of ent-8,13-CPP synthase in A. gymnandrum Maxim., which participates in ent-atiserene biosynthesis, raises the question of whether this gene is conserved throughout the Aconitum genus. In this study, RNA sequencing and PacBio Iso-sequencing were employed to identify diterpene synthases (diTPSs) in four additional Aconitum species with distinct DA compositions. In vitro and in vivo analyses functionally characterized a diverse array of 10 class II and 9 class I diTPSs. In addition to the identification of seven class II diTPSs as ent-CPP synthases, three other synthases generating ent-8,13-CPP, 8,13-CPP, and 8α-hydroxy-CPP were also discovered. Four class I kaurene synthases-like (KSLs) were observed to react with ent-CPP to yield ent-kaurene. Three KSLs not only reacted with ent-CPP but also ent-8,13-CPP to produce ent-atiserene. AsiKSL2-1 was found to react with 8α-hydroxy-CPP to produce Z-abienol and AsiKSL2-2 exhibited no activity with any of the four intermediates. This research delineates the known diterpene biosynthesis pathways in six Aconitum species and explores the highly divergent diterpene synthases within the genus, which are consistent with their phylogeny and may be responsible for the differential distribution of diterpenoid alkaloids in root and aerial parts. These findings contribute valuable insights into the diversification of diterpene biosynthesis and establish a solid foundation for future investigation into DA biosynthetic pathways in Aconitum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Rui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hui Ge
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Chen XZ, Cheng J, Shi XY, Yang LY, Xie XD. [Progress in antitumor activity of diterpenoid alkaloids in plants of Aconitum]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:3765-3773. [PMID: 37475068 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230122.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule compounds with rich sources have diverse structures and activities. The active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) provide new sources for the discovery of new antitumor drugs. Aconitum plants as Chinese medicinal plants have the effects of dispelling wind, removing dampness, warming meridian, and relieving pain. They are mainly used to treat inflammation, pain, rheumatism, and tumors, improve heart function, and dilate blood vessels in clinical practice. Diterpenoid alkaloids are the main active components of Aconitum plants, including C20-, C19-, C18-diterpenoid alkaloids and bis-diterpenoid alkaloids. Stu-dies have demonstrated that diterpenoid alkaloids can effectively treat lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and other cancers. Diterpenoid alkaloids are considered as the most promising natural compounds against cancers. In this review, we summarized the chemical structures and antitumor activities of C20-, C19-, C18-diterpenoid alkaloids and bis-diterpenoid alkaloids extracted from plants of Aconitum, aiming to provide reference for further development of diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum as antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ju Cheng
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Shi
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li-Yuan Yang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Xie
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000, China Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, China
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Bosch M, López-Pujol J, Blanché C, Simon J. DCDB: Chromosome Database of Tribe Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae): Structure, Exploitation, and Recent Development. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2703:173-192. [PMID: 37646945 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3389-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
An updated (and now online) version of the former chromosome database of tribe Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae) is presented ( http://www.delphinieae.online ). This new version is the result of an accurate, exhaustive literature and Internet research, by adding chromosome counts and all related karyological information for the genera Aconitum L., Gymnaconitum (Stapf) Wei Wang & Z. D. Chen, Delphinium L. (including Staphisagria Spach), Consolida (DC.) S. F. Gray and Aconitella Spach, accumulated during the approximately last 25 years and that comprise worldwide published data from 1889 to 2021. The Delphinieae Chromosome Database (DCDB) (last updated 31.12.2021) contains a total number of 3435 reports belonging to 425 species (503 taxa), which represents 48.6% of the total species of the tribe (an increase of c. 213% and 32% compared with the 1097 and 2598 reports gathered in the 1999 and 2016 versions, respectively). This increase is due both to chromosome research progress and to improved information capture system. Moreover, recent taxonomic advances, synonymization, and new phylogenetic criteria have also been considered.The DCDB database provides the most complete currently available information on published chromosome numbers, ploidy-level estimates, and other karyological data of Delphinieae, and it is aimed to be useful for the building of cytotaxonomical databases and for specific research ongoing projects of systematics and evolution of Ranunculaceae. DCDB includes two levels of taxonomic resolution, published name (original and standardized form) and database accepted name (based on either Plants of the World - POWO or expert specialist criteria), as well as the geographic origin of each count (country, locality, geographic coordinates, elevation, or ecological information when reported in the original publication), associated karyological data if originally provided (studied material type, graphic information, chromosome measures and formulas, satellites, B chromosomes, other cytogenetic techniques used, etc.), voucher information and reference (with DOI and other links to access the original document). An effort to check the original sources and to search in grey literature allowed to indicate the counts that appear to be registered twice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bosch
- BioC (GReB, IRBio) - Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jordi López-Pujol
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cèsar Blanché
- BioC (GReB, IRBio) - Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Simon
- BioC (GReB, IRBio) - Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Muniz-Santos R, Avezum J, Abidão-Neto B, Cameron LC. Dietary higenamine from Annonaceae family fruits as a possible source of unintentional doping. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 342:111539. [PMID: 36529085 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Aconitum have been used for millennia, both as poisons and medicines, in Eastern culture. Higenamine has non-selective beta-agonist effects, activating both β1 and β2 adrenoreceptors, and is present in a variety of plants. The World Anti-Doping Agency has banned Higenamine both in competition and out of competition. Due to the common uses of higenamine in Brazilian culture, both as medicine and food, we studied the urinary concentrations of higenamine after the consumption of fruits of the Annona genus. We evaluated whether the ingestion of these fruits has the potential to cause anti-doping code violations. We measured higenamine concentrations for a 72 h period in the urine of ten healthy, physically active males (age 20-30; weight 70-80 kg; not consuming supplements or medications) after eating a unique meal containing fruits. Fruit consumption ranges were: Carica papaya (control) 348 ± 98 g; A. muricata 450 ± 282 g; and A. squamosa 314 ± 60 g. (all mean± SD). Higenamine was measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. The appearance of urinary higenamine occurred within the first 12 h after eating A. muricata (n = 3), and the maximum concentration found was 1.9 ng/mL. The ingestion of A. squamosa has also been shown to cause higenamine urinary excretion. The elimination kinetics of the subjects who ingested A. squamosa (n = 4) were different from each other. After ingestion of the control fruit, C. papaya, we detected no higenamine in the urine of any participants (n = 3). Although the kinetics varied by individuals and fruits, A. muricata ingestion produced higher higenamine excretion; however, the A. squamosa portion weighed ∼66 % of the A. muricata portion. We conclude that eating Annonaceae family fruits cause detectable higenamine excretion. Conversely, single ingestion did not reach the WADA's threshold to cause adverse analytical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Muniz-Santos
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, The Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 296 - Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Avezum
- Bichara e Motta Advogados, Av. Delfim Moreira, 120, Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Bichara Abidão-Neto
- Bichara e Motta Advogados, Av. Delfim Moreira, 120, Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - L C Cameron
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, The Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 296 - Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Punia A, Joshi R, Kumar R. Identification and quantification of eight alkaloids in Aconitum heterophyllum using UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-IMS: A valuable tool for quality control. Phytochem Anal 2022; 33:1121-1134. [PMID: 35794832 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aconitum spp. are prime medicinal plants rich in alkaloids and have been used as the main constituents of traditional medicine in India and China. The whole plant can be toxic and creates pathophysiological conditions inside the human body. Therefore, simultaneous quantification of alkaloids within plant parts and herbal medicines associated with this genus is essential for quality control. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop and validate methods using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-quadrupole time-of-flight ion mobility mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-IMS) and to develop an analytical strategy for the identification and quantification of alkaloid compounds (aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, aconine, benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylaconine, bulleyaconitine A, and deoxyaconitine) from Aconitum heterophyllum. METHODOLOGY We developed a simultaneous identification and quantification method for eight alkaloids using UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-IMS. The method was validated as per International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines and also in IMS mode. RESULTS The developed method has good linearity (r2 = 0.997-0.999), LOD (0.63-8.31 μg/mL), LOQ (0.63-2.80 μg/mL), recovery (86.01-104.33%), reproducibility, intra- and inter-day variability (<3.25%), and stability. Significant qualitative and quantitative variations were found among different plant parts (flower, leaf, stem, root, and tuber) and five market products of A. heterophyllum. Furthermore, a total of 21 metabolites were also profiled based on the fragmentation pattern of MS2 using the validated method. CONCLUSION An appropriate mobile phase using acetonitrile and water in a gradient elution gave a satisfactory chromatographic separation of eight Aconitum alkaloids with their adjacent peaks. Therefore, this method could provide a scientific and technical platform for quality control assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Punia
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh (H.P.), India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh (H.P.), India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh (H.P.), India
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Li S, Yu L, Shi Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Lai X. An insight into current advances on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and detoxification of aconitine. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113115. [PMID: 35605296 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitine is a diterpenoid alkaloid, which mainly exists in the plants of Aconitum. In the last decade, a plethora of studies on the pharmacological activities of aconitine has been conducted and demonstrated that aconitine possessed an extensive range of pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, local anesthesia, and immunomodulatory effects. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that aconitine may have the characteristics of poor bioavailability, wide distribution, and slow elimination. However, studies have also found that aconitine has toxic effects on the heart, nerves, embryos, etc. Therefore, we believe that aconitine may not be suitable for heart patients and pregnant women to treat related diseases. It is important to note that all of these pharmacological effects require further high-quality studies to determine the clinical efficacy of aconitine. This review aims to summarize the advances in pharmacological, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and detoxification of aconitine in the last decade with an emphasis on its anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, to provide researchers with the latest information and point out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future research.
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12
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Xia C, Wang M, Guan Y, Li J. Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genome for Aconitum Species: Genome Structure and Phylogenetic Relationships. Front Genet 2022; 13:878182. [PMID: 35711937 PMCID: PMC9194378 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.878182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitum is an important medicinal group of the Ranunculaceae family and has been used as conventional medicine in Bai, Yi, and other ethnic groups of China. There are about 350 Aconitum species globally and about 170 species in China. It is challenging to identify the species in morphology, and the lack of molecular biology information hinders the identification and rational utilization of the germplasm of this genus. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the molecular data of Aconitum species. This paper acquired the complete chloroplast (CP) genome sequence of ten medicinal plants of Aconitum species from Yunnan by Illumina paired-end (PE) sequencing technology and compared it with other species in the same family and genus. These CP genomes exhibited typical circular quadripartite structure, and their sizes ranged from 155,475 (A. stylosum) to 155,921 bp (A. vilmoinianum), including a large single-copy region (LSC), a small single-copy region (SSC), and two inverted repeat regions (IRs). Their gene content, order, and GC content (38.1%) were similar. Moreover, their number of genes ranged from 129 (A. vilmoinianum) to 132 (A. ramulosum), including 83 to 85 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 37 tRNA genes (tRNAs), eight rRNA genes (rRNAs), and two pseudogenes. In addition, we performed repeated sequence analysis, genomic structure, and comparative analysis using 42 Aconitum chloroplast genomes, including ten Aconitum chloroplast genomes and other sequenced Aconitum species. A total of 48–79 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 17 to 77 long repeat sequences were identified. IR regions showed higher variability than the SSC region and LSC region. Seven mutational hotspots were screened out, including trnK-UUU-trnQ-UGG, psbD, ndhJ-ndhK, clpP, psbH-petB, ycf1, and trnA-UGC-trnI-GAU, respectively. The phylogenetic trees of ten Aconitum species and other Aconitum species revealed that the complete CP genome was beneficial in determining the complex phylogenetic relationships among Aconitum species. This study provides a potential molecular marker and genomic resource for phylogeny and species identification of Aconitum species and an important reference and basis for Ranunculaceae species identification and phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conglong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Manjiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhui Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
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13
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Wang G, Liu Y, Bai X, Cao P, Pang X, Han J. Identification and poisoning diagnosis of Aconitum materials using a genus-specific nucleotide signature. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 237:113539. [PMID: 35489139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aconitum genus generally contains hypertoxic alkaloids. Poisoning incidents due to the improper ingestion of Aconitum materials frequently occur around the world. DNA barcoding is considered as a powerful tool for species identification, but complete sequences of conventional DNA barcodes are sometimes unattainable from food and highly processed products due to severe DNA degradation. Therefore, a shorter molecular marker will be more profitable for the authentication and poisoning diagnosis of Aconitum materials. In this study, 1246 psbA-trnH sequences and chloroplast genomes representing 183 taxa of Aconitum were collected, and a 23-bp nucleotide signature unique to Aconitum genus (5'-TATATGAGTCATTGAAGTTGCAG-3') was developed. The nucleotide signature was conserved and universal within Aconitum while divergent among other genera. The specific molecular signature was then successfully applied to the detection of processed Aconitum ingredients. To further evaluate the application potential of nucleotide signature in completely unknown mixture samples, boiled food mixtures, containing different ratios of Aconitum materials, were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the nucleotide signature sequence could be directly extracted from raw sequencing data, even at a low DNA concentration of 0.2 ng/µl. Consequently, the 23-bp genus-specific nucleotide signature represents a significant step forward in the use of DNA barcoding to identify processed samples and food mixtures with degraded DNA. This study undoubtedly provides a new perspective and strong support for the identification and detection of Aconitum-containing products, which can be further introduced to the diagnosis of food poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuanjiao Bai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pei Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohui Pang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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14
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Tai CJ, El-Shazly M, Yang YH, Tsai YH, Csupor D, Hohmann J, Wu YC, Tseng TG, Chang FR, Wang HC. The effectiveness of Fuzi in combination with routine heart failure treatment on chronic heart failure patients. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 289:115040. [PMID: 35121051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuzi, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of acute heart failure (HF) for 2000 years. However, the clinical evidence of Fuzi in the treatment of chronic HF is limited, especially when used in combination with Western medications. MATERIALS AND METHODS This population-based propensity score (PS)-matched cohort study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Fuzi on the chronic HF. From 4753 chronic HF patients who had used TCM herbal medicine, we performed 1:1 PS matching and selected target patients with (n = 921) and without (n = 921) Fuzi use for further analysis. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and composite cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Hazard ratio (HR) was calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression and the competing risk analysis. The dose-response relationship and the association between the initiation of TCM herbal medicine and the primary outcomes were evaluated by restricted cubic spline (RCS) functions. RESULTS There was no difference in all-cause mortality (HR, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-1.27) and composite CV outcomes (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.84-1.11) between the Fuzi user and non-user groups. For CV safety issue, the result showed that Fuzi use was not associated with a higher risk of cardiac arrhythmias (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.83-1.29). The dose-response relationship showed that Fuzi cumulative dose (≥150g) was associated with lower composite CV risk (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.99). In addition, the RCS model showed that late initiation (≥2.5 years) of TCM herbal drugs in chronic HF patients had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.81; 95%CI, 1.07-3.08). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first real-world evidence to demonstrate the effect of Fuzi combined with routine HF treatment. Importantly, the result indicated that long-term Fuzi use had a significant benefit in preventing cardiovascular events. The late initiation of TCM herbal drugs was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Further clinical trials are needed to support or undermine the assumption of using Fuzi and current Western medications to treat chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Tai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung, 90054, Taiwan.
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain- Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 16482, Egypt.
| | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged H, 6720, Hungary; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged H, 6725, Hungary.
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged H, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Tzyy-Guey Tseng
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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15
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Tian H, Harder LD, Wang A, Zhang D, Liao W. Habitat effects on reproductive phenotype, pollinator behavior, fecundity, and mating outcomes of a bumble bee-pollinated herb. Am J Bot 2022; 109:470-485. [PMID: 35244204 PMCID: PMC9314043 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Fecundity and mating outcomes commonly differ among plant populations occupying contrasting environments. If self-pollination occurs primarily among flowers within plants, contrasting reproductive outcomes among populations must reflect environmental effects on plant-pollinator interactions. Specifically, local conditions could affect features of plant phenotypes that influence pollinator behavior, in turn modifying plant reproductive outcomes. METHODS We compared phenotypes, pollinator abundance and behavior, and female fecundity and mating in two meadow populations and two forest populations of Aconitum kusnezoffii within 3 km of each other. Mating outcomes were assessed using microsatellites. RESULTS Meadow plants generally produced more, shorter ramets with more, larger flowers, but less nectar per flower than forest plants. These differences likely largely represent phenotypic plasticity. Individual bumble bees visited more flowers on forest plants, likely because the more abundant bees in the meadows depleted nectar availability, as indicated by briefer visits to individual flowers. Despite similar fruit set in both habitats, forest plants set more seeds per fruit. Nevertheless, meadow plants produced more seeds overall, owing to sevenfold greater flower production. Consistent with individual bees visiting fewer flowers on meadow plants, more of their seeds were outcrossed. However, the outcrossed seeds of forest plants included more male mates. CONCLUSIONS Reproductive outcomes can vary among populations of animal-pollinated plants as a result of differences in the availability of effective pollinators and environmental effects on plant phenotypes, and their functional consequences for pollinator behavior that governs pollen dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Lawrence D. Harder
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Ai‐Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Da‐Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Wan‐Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
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Wang H, Liu Y, Guo Z, Wu K, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Zhao B, Lu H. Aconitine induces cell apoptosis via mitochondria and death receptor signaling pathways in hippocampus cell line. Res Vet Sci 2022; 143:124-133. [PMID: 35026629 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aconitine is a plant toxin derived from aconitum genus and well known for its neurological and vascular toxicity. However, the mechanism of toxicity on the growth and apoptosis of the neurological cells has not been well investigated. In this study, we used HT22 cell lines derived from hippocampus to explore the mechanism. We began with examination of the viability and DA (dopamine) contents of cells treated with different dose of aconitine. In this study, we investigated the role of apoptosis in AC-induced HT22 cells. Our results showed that aconitine inhibited HT22 cells growth and increased DA contents in a dose dependent manner. Aconitine treatment induced apoptosis in HT22 cells and we found aconitine induced apoptosis by upregulating the expression of Bax, Cyto c, Apaf-1, Caspase9, Fas, Fas-L, Fadd, Caspase8, Caspase3 with concomitant decreasing of Bcl-2 and Bid expression. Collectively, results suggest that aconitine induce apoptosis through mitochondrial-mediated and death receptor signaling pathways in HT22 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ziyu Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kexin Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yunhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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17
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Qiu ZD, Zhang X, Wei XY, Chingin K, Xu JQ, Gao W, Yang B, Wang SL, Tan T, Liu EH, Xu HY, Cui GH, Guo J, Wang YN, Shen Y, Zhao YJ, Chen HW, Lai CJS, Huang LQ. Online discovery of the molecular mechanism for directionally detoxification of Fuzi using real-time extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 277:114216. [PMID: 34044076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux, a famous traditional medicinal herb for collapse, rheumatic fever, and painful joints, always raises global concerns about its fatal toxicity from toxic alkaloids when improperly processed. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the internal molecular mechanism of processing detoxification on Aconitum and develop simple and reliable approaches for clinical application, which is also of great significance to the rational medicinal use of Aconitum. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed at developing a complete molecular mechanism exploration strategy in complex medicinal herb decocting system, clarifying the internal molecular mechanism of processing detoxification on Aconitum, and exploring valid approaches for detoxification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) was selected as the model for exploring the complex Aconitum detoxification mechanism using an advanced online real-time platform based on extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The methods realized the sensitive capture of dynamic trace intermediates, accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis, and real-time and long-term monitoring of multi-components with satisfactory accuracy and resistance to complex matrices. RESULTS Components in the complex Aconitum decocting system were real-timely characterized and fat meat was discovered and verified to directionally detoxify Aconitum while reserving the therapy effect. More importantly, the dynamic detoxification mechanism in the chemically complex Aconitum decoction was molecularly profiled. A novel reaction pathway based on nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism was proposed. As confirmed by the theoretic calculations at DFT B3LYP/6-31G (d) levels, fatty acids (e.g., palmitic acid) acted as a green, cheap, and high-performance catalyst and promote the decomposition of toxic diester alkaloids to non-toxic and active benzoyl-monoester alkaloids through the discovered mechanism. CONCLUSION The study exposed a novel detoxification molecular mechanism of Aconitum and provided an effective method for the safe use of Aconitum, which could effectively guide the development of traditional processing technology and compatibility regulation of the toxic herb and had great value to the modernization and standardization development of traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Xu-Ya Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Jia-Quan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Shuang-Long Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Ting Tan
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Hai-Yu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Guang-Hong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Ye Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Huan-Wen Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China.
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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Abstract
Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.-derived herbal medicine has been used for anti-inflammation and anti-arrhythmia purpose for more than two thousand years. It is processed into Chuanwu (Radix Aconiti praeparata) and Fuzi (Radix Aconiti lateralis praeparata) in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which are two useful drugs but with toxic properties. There have been patients poisoned by accidental ingestion of Aconitum plants or misuse of the herbal drug, and this is of great concern to study in-depth. In this review, we provided the traditional and contemporary practice of using Aconitum herbs as medicine, from functions, processing methods to toxicity in ethnomedicine aspects to discuss the underlying connections of traditional and modern understanding on the toxicity of Aconitum plants. We summarized the functions and toxicology of the herbal drugs are analyzed from chemical and clinical aspects, with the help of traditional and modern knowledge of medicine. The medicinal doses and lethal doses determined by researches are summarized, and the usage and processing methods are updated and reviewed in the modern view. In addition, clinical management of poisoned cases using western medicine is discussed. This review provides insights and awareness of safety when using Aconitum-derived herbal medicine, and the application of modern scientific knowledge to optimize the detoxification processes. We suggest the possibility to renew the current standard processing method from the official Pharmacopoeia all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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19
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Michel A, Siebe I, Auwärter V, Regul D, Hermanns-Clausen M. [Aconitine poisoning due to confusion of aconite leaves with lovage]. Anaesthesist 2021; 70:633-638. [PMID: 34251482 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-021-01002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to a mix-up an older couple (69 years and 71 years) ate a meal with herbs from their garden that contained leaves of monkshood (Aconitum napellus). The monkshood plants grew close to the herbs in their garden. Both patients developed the typical symptoms of aconitine poisoning with paresthesia, hypotension and bradycardia. Over the course of time both developed cardiac arrhythmia with ventricular extrasystoles and required monitoring on the intensive care unit (ICU). The husband was more severely affected and needed catecholamines for successful treatment of hypotension (70/40 mmHg) and bradycardia (45 bpm). The toxicological analysis of the patients' serum taken 3.5 h after ingestion led to the detection of 1.8 ng/ml and 2.0 ng/ml aconitine, respectively. The patients were discharged in good general condition after 1 and 2 days, respectively. Monkshood (Aconitum napellus) is one of the most toxic native plants that can also be found in gardens due to its popularity as an ornamental plant. All parts of the plant contain toxic diterpenoid alkaloids, such as aconitine. Aconitine causes persistent activation of the fast voltage-gated sodium channels resulting in severe cardiac and neurological toxicity. Treatment of aconitine-induced ventricular arrhythmias is challenging as they are often refractory to electrical cardioversion and antiarrhythmic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Michel
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Vergiftungs-Informations-Zentrale, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 86b, 79110, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - I Siebe
- Bezirkskrankenhaus für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin, Lohr am Main, Deutschland
| | - V Auwärter
- Forensische Toxikologie, Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - D Regul
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Vergiftungs-Informations-Zentrale, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 86b, 79110, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - M Hermanns-Clausen
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Vergiftungs-Informations-Zentrale, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 86b, 79110, Freiburg, Deutschland
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20
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Thawabteh AM, Thawabteh A, Lelario F, Bufo SA, Scrano L. Classification, Toxicity and Bioactivity of Natural Diterpenoid Alkaloids. Molecules 2021; 26:4103. [PMID: 34279443 PMCID: PMC8271992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diterpenoid alkaloids are natural compounds having complex structural features with many stereo-centres originating from the amination of natural tetracyclic diterpenes and produced primarily from plants in the Aconitum, Delphinium, Consolida genera. Corals, Xenia, Okinawan/Clavularia, Alcyonacea (soft corals) and marine sponges are rich sources of diterpenoids, despite the difficulty to access them and the lack of availability. Researchers have long been concerned with the potential beneficial or harmful effects of diterpenoid alkaloids due to their structural complexity, which accounts for their use as pharmaceuticals as well as their lousy reputation as toxic substances. Compounds belonging to this unique and fascinating family of natural products exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. Some of these compounds are on the list of clinical drugs, while others act as incredibly potent neurotoxins. Despite numerous attempts to prepare synthetic products, this review only introduces the natural diterpenoid alkaloids, describing 'compounds' structures and classifications and their toxicity and bioactivity. The purpose of the review is to highlight some existing relationships between the presence of substituents in the structure of such molecules and their recognised bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mahmood Thawabteh
- Samih Darwazah Institute for Pharmaceutical Industries, Faculty of Pharmacy Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Bir Zeit 71939, Palestine
| | - Alà Thawabteh
- Medical Imaging Department, Faculty of Health Profession, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 20002, Palestine
| | - Filomena Lelario
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Sabino Aurelio Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management & Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Laura Scrano
- Department of European Cultures (DICEM), University of Basilicata, 75100 Matera, Italy
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21
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Tong HL, Chen H, Gong FP, Zhong LY, Zhu J, Yang SH. Components and Pharmacodynamical Mechanism of Yinfupian Based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Analyses. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680640. [PMID: 34262452 PMCID: PMC8273442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: According to the treatment records of Yang deficiency syndrome (YDS) with characteristic decoction pieces of lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii—Yinfupian (YF) in traditional Chinese medicine prepare school, known as “Jianchangbang”. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the composition and therapeutic mechanism of the unprocessed lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii (ULRA) and its processed product (YF). Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis method were used to determine and screen the main components of ULRA and YF. Changes in the histological structure and morphology of gonads in rats were observed using hematoxylin-eosin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the contents of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in YDS rats treated with ULRA and YF. Tandem mass tag proteomics analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins in YDS rats treated with ULRA and YF. Results: Both ULRA and YF exerted certain therapeutic effects on rats with YDS. They improved the gonadal morphology and increased the contents of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. After processing of ULRA into YF, the content of C19-diester-diterpenoid alkaloids decreased (converted into C19-monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and C19-alkylol amine-diterpenoid alkaloids), whereas that of C20-diterpene alkaloids increased. Proteomics analysis showed that cytochrome P450 and aldehyde oxidase 3 (AOX3) were downregulated, whereas cathepsin G (CTSG) was upregulated in rats with YDS. Treatment with ULRA mainly downregulated the expression of α-actinin, fast skeletal troponin, creatine kinase, and myosin. Treatment with YF mainly upregulated the expression of mitochondrial ribosomal protein and mitochondrial inner membrane protein. Conclusion: ULRA and YF exerted good therapeutic effects on YDS; the main difference in components between these preparations was in C19-diterpenoid alkaloids. ULRA mainly acts on the muscle contraction-related proteins and is closely related to inflammation and myocardial injury. YF mainly acts on the mitochondrial proteins and is closely related to adenosine triphosphate energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Li Tong
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei-Peng Gong
- Department of Orthopedic, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhong
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Song-Hong Yang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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22
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Yin BW, Mao LY, Chen LL, Tian M, Cui GH. [Research progress of tissue culture of Aconitum]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 45:5645-5649. [PMID: 33496102 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200717.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aconitum is a kind of important medicinal plant, which has been used in China for more than 2 000 years, with both a good medicinal and ornamental value. However, due to the lack of effective breeding methods and low seed and root propagation coefficients, the comprehensive development and utilization of Aconitum were greatly restricted. Tissue culture is an important basis for seed selection, germplasm conservation and genetic engineering. Therefore, this paper summarized the research on tissue culture of Aconitum, put forward the main problems and corresponding countermeasures, and provided important references for accelerating the seedling breeding of Aconitum and conducting the basic research of molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Wei Yin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liu-Ying Mao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ling-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mei Tian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guang-Hong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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23
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Chen H, Wang F, Ni X, Rigui Y, Bai Y, Xu L, Yang J, Zhang X, Deng J, Li J, Yin X, Ao W, Kwok KWH, Dong W. Aconitine disrupts serotonin neurotransmission via 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor in zebrafish embryo. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:483-492. [PMID: 33085127 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants of the genus Aconitum are one of the most commonly used herbs in traditional medicine in East Asia to treat conditions related to the heart, pain, or inflammation. However, these herbs are also dangerous as accidental poisoning due to misuse is a recurring issue. These plants contain a number of diester-diterpenoid alkaloid compounds and aconitine is the most abundant and active one. This study investigated neurotoxicity of aconitine to zebrafish embryos in early development in relation to serotonin regulation. Experimental results showed that aconitine exposure (1, 10, and 100 μM) increased frequency of coiling behavior in zebrafish embryos in a dose-dependent manner and this effect can be triggered by either exposure to 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonist (±)-8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) or overexpression of serotonin receptor 5-htr1ab. At the same time, coiling behavior caused by aconitine exposure could be rescued by co-exposure to 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 Maleate (WAY100635) and knockdown of 5-htr1ab using morpholino. Exposure to aconitine also significantly increased serotonin receptor 5-htr1ab and 5-htr1bd gene expression at 24 h post fertilization (hpf), but decreased their expression and protein expression of the serotonin receptor at 96 hpf with the high dose. These results suggest that neurotoxicity caused by aconitine is mediated through the 5-HT receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Xuan Ni
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Yi Rigui
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Yuxia Bai
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine and Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Liang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Xuefu Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Jiang Deng
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Wuliji Ao
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine and Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Kevin W H Kwok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
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24
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Chang H, Downie SR, Peng H, Sun F. Floral Organogenesis in Three Members of the Tribe Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae). Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:plants8110493. [PMID: 31718008 PMCID: PMC6918385 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three species (Aconitum taipeicum, Delphinium giraldii, and Consolida ajacis) of the tribe Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae) were examined using scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. The results showed that members of Delphinieae differ from their polysymmetrical relatives by four unique features: (1) a spiral phyllotaxis of their perianth and stamens, and a series of carpels, which initiated superficially in a whorl-liked arrangement; (2) sepal 2 being the largest one among the five sepals and becoming helmet-shaped or having a spur; (3) petals 2 and 5 initiated adaxially of sepal 2 and also becoming spurred; and (4) the monosymmetry of the first flower becoming established when sepal 2 becomes the largest. Major differences among the species include the timing of development of the second series; the fusion of two petals into a single one in C. ajacis; and, during early developmental stages, the two young spurred petals giving rise to a stalk and two bulges in A. taipeicum, a single bulge in D. giraldii, or an arch blade in C. ajacis. The unequal growth of the perianth, together with the reduction and the rearrangement of the carpels, are critical in inducing the symmetrical transformation of the flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (F.S.); Tel.: +86-029-8830-2411 (H.C.)
| | - Stephen R. Downie
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Hongli Peng
- Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China;
| | - Fengjie Sun
- School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (F.S.); Tel.: +86-029-8830-2411 (H.C.)
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Kitamura M, Kazato A, Yamamuro T, Ando H, Sasaki Y, Suzuki R, Shirataki Y. Rapid identification of Aconitum plants based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:408. [PMID: 31307543 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Aconitum plants (Ranunculaceae) exhibit toxicity, and accidental ingestion of the plants has been reported in Japan. Identifying the cause of poisoning is important for emergency medical treatment, and a rapid and simple detection technique is required for the identification of poisoning cause. In the present study, we developed a rapid and simple method for detecting Aconitum plant DNA using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Results Specific LAMP primers for Aconitum plants were designed based on the trnL–trnF intergenic spacer region. Using the LAMP primers, the LAMP assay included an initiation reaction of 10 min followed by amplification for 20 min at the isothermal reaction temperature of 65 °C. The LAMP reaction was demonstrated to be specific and highly sensitive to Aconitum plants, given that the assay can be used for 1 pg of purified DNA. Using raw extracted DNA as template, the entire detection procedure from DNA extraction to final detection required only 30 min. Moreover, the protocol identified samples containing approximately 5 mg of Aconitum plants cooked and digested with artificial gastric juice. The currently proposed protocol exhibits good potential as a screening method of Aconitum plant poisoning for emergency medical care. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4463-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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26
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Zhang XM, Jin YN, Zhang B, Li N. [ Aconitum in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: benefit-risk assessment]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 43:234-241. [PMID: 29552838 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20171106.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has the characteristics of long course of disease and difficulty in treatment. The conventional therapy may easily induce adverse drug reactions or events (ADR/ADE) due to the long-time medication. Thus, it should be given special attentions to treatment benefit and medication risk of RA patients. Aconitum, a kind of toxic traditional Chinese herbs, is an important complement therapy for RA, with some controversy in clinical application. Coming straight to the practical problem of combined use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and Western medicines (WM), this study conducted quantitative assessment on the benefits and risks of Aconitum using combined with WM or not, which was carried out by the method of multi-criteria decision analysis model. RevMan 5.2 software was used to separately analyze the results of every index of 21 random clinical trials (RCTs) of Aconitum exclusive use in the treatment of RA, and 49 RCTs of Aconitum combined use with WM. The merged results indicated that as compared with the conventional therapy of WM, no matter the exclusive use or the combined use of Aconitum could improve the efficacy and decrease the incidence of ADR/ADEs. Based on the benefit-risk assessment decision tree of RA treatment, Hiview 3 software and Crystal Ball Monte Carlo simulation were used to calculate the benefit value, risk value and benefit-risk value of Aconitum exclusive use and the combined use of Aconitum with WM. The results showed that the combination therapy had significantly better benefits than Aconitum exclusive using, difference value was 15, (95%CI[9.72, 20.25]), but the risk of combined use was higher difference value=23, (95%CI[15.57, 30.55]). In comprehensive consideration of the benefit and risk, the total benefit-risk value of using Aconitum alone was 58, while that of the combination therapy was 55, and the probability of the former superior to the latter was 81.07%. The study showed that Aconitum was the important therapy to supply RA treatment. In clinical application, the patient's acceptability of benefit and risk need to be considered; if patients cannot bear the risk, the combination use of Aconitum and WM is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong-Nan Jin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ning Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Yang H, Wang H, Liu Y, Yang L, Sun L, Tian Y, Zhao B, Lu H. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway plays a role in regulating aconitine-induced autophagy in mouse liver. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:317-320. [PMID: 31030119 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aconitine, a major aconitum alkaloid, is well known for its high toxicity that induces severe arrhythmias and neurological symptoms. One mechanism of aconitine-induced toxic responses is the induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis and autophagy are interconnected processes and the two pathways share critical components. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in aconitine-induced toxicity using mouse model. 120 mice were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (normal saline), low dose group (0.14 μmol/L), medium dose group (0.28 μmol/L) and high dose group (0.56 μmol/ L). 30 mice in each group were administered with aconitine (lavage) for 30 days. The livers were collected for analysis of autophagy-related proteins by Western blotting. The expression of LC3II/LC3I ratio and Beclin 1 were found to increase and then decrease with the highest expression at 10 days and the p62 showed a time-dependent decreases. Autophagy is regulated by the mTOR pathway, we further analyzed the effects of aconitine on this pathway and found aconitine inhibited, phosphorylation of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR. The p-p70s6k and p-4EBP1 which are downstream of mTOR were concomitantly decreased. These results suggest that aconitine induce autophagy in mouse liver. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of aconitine-induced autophagy in the liver of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Liu F, Han X, Li N, Liu K, Kang W. Aconitum alkaloids induce cardiotoxicity and apoptosis in embryonic zebrafish by influencing the expression of cardiovascular relative genes. Toxicol Lett 2019; 305:10-18. [PMID: 30639578 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aconitine (AC) and mesaconitine (MA) are major bioactive diterpenoid alkaloids derived from herbal aconitum plants. Emerging evidence indicates that AC plays a pivotal role in the cardiotoxicity for aconite poisoning. However, the cardiotoxicity data of MA, especially those on the difference between AC and MA are quite limited. Zebrafish embryos were used in this study for toxicological screening, and the cardiac morphology and function were observed. Embryos were analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after exposure and pharmacokinetic behaviors were also investigated. Results showed that 1.5% of the aconitum alkaloids penetrated into the zebrafish embryos. 2.5 μg/L AC and 20 μg/L MA caused a deficient cardiovascular system with yolk sac hemorrhage and early cardiac dysfunctions were observed in 96 h post-fertilization. AC showed greater cardiotoxicity than MA by comparing the EC50 of pericardium edema. Aconitum alkaloids exposure also resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of cardiac genes (Tbx5, Gata4, and Nkx2.5) from an early stage (12-24 hpf), which may partly explained that the death caused by aconitum is most likely to occur within the first 24 h. In addition, a high percentage of apoptotic cells was observed in the brain region, which identified another potential target of the DDA action in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- School of Basic Medical, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China; School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xu Han
- Institute of Viral Disease, Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Basic Medical, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Basic Medical, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weijun Kang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
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Joachimiak AJ, Hasterok R, Sliwinska E, Musiał K, Grabowska-Joachimiak A. FISH-aimed karyotype analysis in Aconitum subgen. Aconitum reveals excessive rDNA sites in tetraploid taxa. Protoplasma 2018; 255. [PMID: 29541843 PMCID: PMC6133112 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The location of 5S and 35S rDNA sequences in chromosomes of four Aconitum subsp. Aconitum species was analyzed after fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Both in diploids (2n = 2x = 16; Aconitum variegatum, A. degenii) and tetraploids (2n = 4× = 32; A. firmum, A. plicatum), rDNA repeats were localized exclusively on the shorter arms of chromosomes, in subterminal or pericentromeric sites. All analyzed species showed similar basal genome size (Cx = 5.31-5.71 pg). The most striking features of tetraploid karyotypes were the conservation of diploid rDNA loci and emergence of many additional 5S rDNA clusters. Chromosomal distribution of excessive ribosomal sites suggests their role in the secondary diploidization of tetraploid karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej J Joachimiak
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL-30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Robert Hasterok
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Elwira Sliwinska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Kaliskiego 7, 85-789, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krystyna Musiał
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL-30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Lee SR, Choi JE, Lee BY, Yu JN, Lim CE. Genetic diversity and structure of an endangered medicinal herb: implications for conservation. AoB Plants 2018; 10:ply021. [PMID: 29692882 PMCID: PMC5909456 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Human-driven habitat fragmentation leads to spatial isolation of endangered plant species increasing extinction risk. Understanding genetic variability and population structure of rare and isolated plant species is of great importance for assessing extinction risk and setting up conservation plans. Aconitum austrokoreense, an endangered and endemic species in Korea, is a perennial herb commonly used for medicinal purposes. We used five nuclear microsatellites and one chloroplast marker to investigate genetic diversity and population structure for 479 individuals of A. austrokoreense from seven populations throughout South Korea. A multivariate approach, discriminant analysis of principal components analysis, revealed broad-scale spatial patterns of A. austrokoreense populations across three major mountains that were composed of seven genetically distinct subgroups. High pairwise FST values (mean FST = 0.35; highest FST = 0.55) suggested significant differentiation among populations. Overall within population genetic variation was low. Based on Mantel test, there was significant correlation between geographical and genetic distances indicating pattern of isolation by distance. Our results suggest that A. austrokoreense populations may have undergone recent population bottlenecks. Given the limited dispersal ability of the species and ongoing habitat fragmentation, population isolation may further be exacerbated leading to increased extinction risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Rang Lee
- Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Life Science Hall, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Choi
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Seo-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Yoon Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Seo-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Yu
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Donam, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Chae Eun Lim
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Seo-gu, Incheon, South Korea
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Zhang XM, Zhang B, Li F, Tian ZP. [Meta-analysis on efficacy and safety of combination therapy of Aconitum and Western medicine in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2018; 43:227-233. [PMID: 29552837 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20171106.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy of Aconitum and Western medicine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by Meta-analysis, and provide evidence for its clinic application for RA. The random clinical trials (RCTs) regarding the combination therapy for treating RA were retrieved in the database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, China Science and Technology Journal database, WanFang, Chinese Biomedical Medical Database, PubMed, and Cochrane Library up to July 2017. According to the given inclusion criteria, 8 RCTs involving 659 participants were included, and the included RCTs could be further divided into three subgroups according to the herb type, which were Aconiti Radix (Chuanwu) subgroup (6RCTs), Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix (Caowu) subgroup (1RCT), and Chuanwu-Caowu subgroup (1RCT). The Meta-analysis results indicated that as compared with Western medicine, the combined use of Aconitum and Western medicine, no matter Chuanwu, Caowu or Chuanwu-Caowu subgroups, could improve the total effective rate of RA (6RCTs, RR=1.19, 95%CI [1.10, 1.28], P<0.000 01), (1 RCT, RR=1.43, 95%CI [1.18, 1.73], P=0.000 2), (1 RCT, RR=1.27, 95%CI [1.02, 1.58], P=0.03) respectively. The combined use of Aconitum and Western medicine was also effective on the number of joint swelling, duration of morning stiffness, patients' handgrip, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor. However, its action was not significant on joint tenderness. And also, in the included RCTs, there were 34 cases of adverse drug reactions/events (ADR/ADE) in the Chuanwu subgroup, while 86 cases in the Western medicine control group. The ADR/ADE incidence was even more lower in Chuanwu-Caowu subgroup, but no difference between Caowu subgroup and Western medicine group. Based on the included RCTs, the combined use of Aconitum and Western medicine could achieve more satisfying efficacy and lower ADRs incidence for RA as compared with Western medicine alone. However, due to the limitation in the not-high quality of included RCTs and the lack of large-scale multi-center research, the results still need to be further validated in the clinic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fan Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Tian
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Rai M, Rai A, Kawano N, Yoshimatsu K, Takahashi H, Suzuki H, Kawahara N, Saito K, Yamazaki M. De Novo RNA Sequencing and Expression Analysis of Aconitum carmichaelii to Analyze Key Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Diterpene Alkaloids. Molecules 2017; 22:E2155. [PMID: 29206203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitum carmichaelii is an important medicinal herb used widely in China, Japan, India, Korea, and other Asian countries. While extensive research on the characterization of metabolic extracts of A. carmichaelii has shown accumulation of numerous bioactive metabolites including aconitine and aconitine-type diterpene alkaloids, its biosynthetic pathway remains largely unknown. Biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites is tightly controlled and mostly occurs in a tissue-specific manner; therefore, transcriptome analysis across multiple tissues is an attractive method to identify the molecular components involved for further functional characterization. In order to understand the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Illumina-based deep transcriptome profiling and analysis was performed for four tissues (flower, bud, leaf, and root) of A. carmichaelii, resulting in 5.5 Gbps clean RNA-seq reads assembled into 128,183 unigenes. Unigenes annotated as possible rate-determining steps of an aconitine-type biosynthetic pathway were highly expressed in the root, in accordance with previous reports describing the root as the accumulation site for these metabolites. We also identified 21 unigenes annotated as cytochrome P450s and highly expressed in roots, which represent candidate unigenes involved in the diversification of secondary metabolites. Comparative transcriptome analysis of A. carmichaelii with A. heterophyllum identified 20,232 orthogroups, representing 30,633 unigenes of A. carmichaelii, gene ontology enrichment analysis of which revealed essential biological process together with a secondary metabolic process to be highly enriched. Unigenes identified in this study are strong candidates for aconitine-type diterpene alkaloid biosynthesis, and will serve as useful resources for further validation studies.
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Abstract
The group of diterpene alkaloids contains numerous compounds with complex chemistry and diverse pharmacological activities. Beside toxicity, these compounds possess activity on the cardiovascular system, tumor cell lines and nervous system. The pharmacological properties have been described using in vitro and in vivo techniques; however, the bioactivities of many compounds have not thoroughly been studied. Here we report on the in vivo evaluation of ten diterpene alkaloids using bdelloid rotifer assays. Napelline exerted toxic effects on rotifers, while wide tolerance range was observed for other investigated compounds. Weak toxicity of songorine is supported by our experiment. Toxicological data for senbusine A, senbusine C, septentrioidine and hetisinone are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tivadar Kiss
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lilla Mácsai
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Kálvária sgt. 57, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt László Datki
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Kálvária sgt. 57, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Yan Y, Zhang A, Dong H, Yan G, Sun H, Wu X, Han Y, Wang X. Toxicity and Detoxification Effects of Herbal Caowu via Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics Analyzed using Pattern Recognition Method. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:683-692. [PMID: 29200734 PMCID: PMC5701412 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_475_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Caowu (Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii, CW), the root of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb., has widely used clinically in rheumatic arthritis, painful joints, and tumors for thousands of years. However, the toxicity of heart and central nervous system induced by CW still limited the application. Materials and Methods: Metabolomics was performed to identify the sensitive and reliable biomarkers and to characterize the phenotypically biochemical perturbations and potential mechanisms of CW-induced toxicity, and the detoxification by combinatorial intervention of CW with Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) (CG), Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba) (CB), and Renshen (Radix Ginseng) (CR) was also analyzed by pattern recognition methods. Results: As a result, the metabolites were characterized and responsible for pentose and glucuronate interconversions, tryptophan metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism, six networks of which were the same to the metabolic pathways of Chuanwu (Radix Aconiti, CHW) group. The ascorbate and aldarate metabolism was also characterized by CW group. The urinary metabolomics also revealed CW-induced serious toxicity to heart and liver. Thirteen significant metabolites were identified and had validated as phenotypic toxicity biomarkers of CW, five biomarkers of which were commonly owned in Aconitum. The changes of toxicity metabolites obtained from combinatorial intervention of CG, CB, and CR also were analyzed to investigate the regulation degree of toxicity biomarkers adjusted by different combinatorial interventions at 6th month. Conclusion: Metabolomics analyses coupled with pattern recognition methods in the evaluation of drug toxicity and finding detoxification methods were highlighted in this work. SUMMARY Metabolomics was performed to characterize the biochemical potential mechanisms of Caowu toxicity Thirteen significant metabolites were identified and validated as phenotypic toxicity biomarkers of Caowu Metabolite changes of toxicity obtained can be adjusted by different combinatorial interventions. Pattern recognition plot reflects the toxicity effects tendency of the urine metabolic fluctuations according to time after treatment of herbal Caowu.
Abbreviations used: CW: Caowu (Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii); CHW: Chuanwu (Radix Aconiti); TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine; CG: Caowu and Gancao; CB: Caowu and Baishao; CR: Caowu and Renshen; QC: Quality control; UPLC: Ultra performance liquid chromatography; MS: Mass spectrometry; PCA: Principal component analysis; PLS-DA: Partial least squares-discriminant analysis; OPLS: Orthogonal projection to latent structures analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Laboratory of Metabolomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Laboratory of Metabolomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Laboratory of Metabolomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangli Yan
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Laboratory of Metabolomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Laboratory of Metabolomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiuhong Wu
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Laboratory of Metabolomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Laboratory of Metabolomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- Sino-US Chinmedomics Technology Cooperation Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Research Center of Chinmedomics (State Administration of TCM), Laboratory of Metabolomics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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Khan H, Nabavi SM, Sureda A, Mehterov N, Gulei D, Berindan-Neagoe I, Taniguchi H, Atanasov AG. Therapeutic potential of songorine, a diterpenoid alkaloid of the genus Aconitum. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 153:29-33. [PMID: 29133056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids are well-studied secondary metabolites, with recent preclinical studies evidencing that many of them exhibit anti-cancer, anti-depressant, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-platelet, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial properties. Aconitum is a genus rich of diverse alkaloids. More than 450 alkaloids have been identified in a variety of species. Songorine is a C20 diterpenoid alkaloid and 12-keto analog of napelline, isolated from Aconitum soongaricum and was associated with a heterogeneous panel of biological functions. However, the bioactivity profile of this natural product has not been reviewed up to now. The present manuscript aims to summarize the most important biological activities associated with songorine administration in preclinical models. The most significant data found in the scientific literature were evaluated in order to summarize the potential clinical utility of songorine in a diverse spectrum of pathologies and conditions. Songorine and its derivatives have many pharmacological effects including anti-arrhythmic, anti-cardiac-fibrillation, excitation of synaptic transmission, anxiolytic effects, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis effects, and a regenerative effect in a skin excision wound animal model. Despite its outstanding pharmacotherapeutic potential, songorine has never been tested in clinical trials. Therefore, further evaluation is required to better evaluate its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-5487, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Grup de Nutrició Comunitària i Estrès Oxidatiu (IUNICS) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, 15-АVassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139 Ruski Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Romania; Research Center of Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii 34 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Kong H, Liu W, Yao G, Gong W. A comparison of chloroplast genome sequences in Aconitum (Ranunculaceae): a traditional herbal medicinal genus. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4018. [PMID: 29134154 PMCID: PMC5680694 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbal medicinal genus Aconitum L., belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, represents the earliest diverging lineage within the eudicots. It currently comprises of two subgenera, A. subgenus Lycoctonum and A. subg. Aconitum. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences were characterized in three species: A. angustius, A. finetianum, and A. sinomontanum in subg. Lycoctonum and compared to other Aconitum species to clarify their phylogenetic relationship and provide molecular information for utilization of Aconitum species particularly in Eastern Asia. The length of the chloroplast genome sequences were 156,109 bp in A. angustius, 155,625 bp in A. finetianum and 157,215 bp in A. sinomontanum, with each species possessing 126 genes with 84 protein coding genes (PCGs). While genomic rearrangements were absent, structural variation was detected in the LSC/IR/SSC boundaries. Five pseudogenes were identified, among which Ψrps19 and Ψycf1 were in the LSC/IR/SSC boundaries, Ψrps16 and ΨinfA in the LSC region, and Ψycf15 in the IRb region. The nucleotide variability (Pi) of Aconitum was estimated to be 0.00549, with comparably higher variations in the LSC and SSC than the IR regions. Eight intergenic regions were revealed to be highly variable and a total of 58-62 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected in all three species. More than 80% of SSRs were present in the LSC region. Altogether, 64.41% and 46.81% of SSRs are mononucleotides in subg. Lycoctonum and subg. Aconitum, respectively, while a higher percentage of di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta- SSRs were present in subg. Aconitum. Most species of subg. Aconitum in Eastern Asia were first used for phylogenetic analyses. The availability of the complete cp genome sequences of these species in subg. Lycoctonum will benefit future phylogenetic analyses and aid in germplasm utilization in Aconitum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanzhen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Yao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gong
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Schwermer M, Längler A, Fetz K, Ostermann T, Zuzak TJ. Anthroposophic medicine in the treatment of pediatric pseudocroup: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2017; 40:185-190. [PMID: 30219446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe only few integrative pediatric wards exists and there are two German hospitals focusing on anthroposophic medicine as part of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Whilst the most common pediatric diseases are treated here, pseudocroup patients make up a large group in these hospitals, receiving conventional as well as anthroposophic therapies. However, effectiveness of these therapy concepts mostly based on physicians' experiences but clinical studies are hitherto missing. METHODS A systematic literature search identifying therapy approaches for pseudocroup in children was conducted in general electronic databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, OVID) and in CAM-specific databases (CAMbase, CAM-QUEST®, Anthromedics). Search results were screened for anthroposophic therapy options. In addition, anthroposophic guidebooks were handsearched for relevant information. RESULTS Among 157 articles fulfilling search criteria one retrospective study, and five experience reports describing anthroposophic treatments were identified. Several medications for the treatment of pseudocroup were mentioned such as Aconitum, Apis, Bryonia, Hepar sulfuris, Lavender, Pyrit, Sambucus and Spongia. During appropriate use no adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION Anthroposophic medicine harbors a broad spectrum of remedies for the treatment of pseudocroup in children. In particular, Aconitum, Bryonia and Spongia are frequently recommended; however, clinical trials investigating the effectiveness are sparse. Therefore, development and validation of therapy strategies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schwermer
- Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313 Herdecke, Germany
| | - Alfred Längler
- Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313 Herdecke, Germany; Professorship for Integrative Pediatrics, Institute for Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Katharina Fetz
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Research Methodology and Statistics in Psychology, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Thomas Ostermann
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Research Methodology and Statistics in Psychology, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Tycho Jan Zuzak
- Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313 Herdecke, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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Liu S, Li F, Li Y, Li W, Xu J, Du H. A review of traditional and current methods used to potentially reduce toxicity of Aconitum roots in Traditional Chinese Medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 207:237-250. [PMID: 28666834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aconitum species are well-known for their medicinal value and high lethal toxicity in many Asian countries, notably China, India and Japan. The tubers are only used after processing in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). They can be used safely and effectively with the methods of decoction, rational compatibility, and correct processing based on traditional experiences and new technologies. However, high toxicological risks still remain due to improper preparation and usage in China and other countries. Therefore, there is a need to clarify the methods of processing and compatibility to ensure their effectiveness and minimize the potential risks. OBJECT The aim of this paper is to provide a review of traditional and current methods used to potentially reduce toxicity of Aconitum roots in TCM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The use of Aconitum has been investigated and the methods of processing and compatibility throughout history, including recent research, have been reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Using of the methods of rational preparation, reasonable compatibility, and proper processing based on traditional experiences and new technologies, can enable Aconitum to be used safely and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Weifei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jinkai Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hong Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Li H, Liu L, Zhu S, Liu Q. Case reports of aconite poisoning in mainland China from 2004 to 2015: A retrospective analysis. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; 42:68-73. [PMID: 27266651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aconitum species have long been used in key traditional medicines in China, but cases of fatal aconite poisoning have also been reported. This paper presents a review of 40 single and multi-person cases of fatal aconite poisoning. The cases involved 53 victims in mainland China described in 27 case reports published between January 2004 and September 2015. We summarize the details of the case reports in order to highlight the features of fatal aconite-poisoning cases in China, including victims' sex and age, route of intoxication, clinical symptoms, medicolegal autopsy findings, and results of toxicological analysis. Our results indicate a need for legal medical experts encountering cases of fatal aconite poisoning to pay increased attention to the methods used for collecting biological samples. In addition, prevention strategies should focus on increasing public awareness regarding the potential toxicity of Aconitum, harm caused by medicinal liquors containing aconitine, and possibility of Aconitum alkaloids accumulating in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100040, PR China
| | - Shaohua Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
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Hu Y, Barrett SCH, Zhang DY, Liao WJ. Experimental analysis of mating patterns in a clonal plant reveals contrasting modes of self-pollination. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5423-5431. [PMID: 30151143 PMCID: PMC6102512 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermaphrodite plants commonly practice self-fertilization (selfing), but the mechanisms responsible vary depending on the mode of self-pollination, pollinator behavior, and degree of clonality. Whether selfing occurs within (autogamy) or between flowers (geitonogamy) is of evolutionary significance because their fitness consequences differ. We used floral manipulations and genetic markers to determine the relative contribution of autogamy and within- versus between-ramet geitonogamy to the selfing rate of the bumblebee-pollinated, clonal herb Aconitum kusnezoffii. Data on flowering phenology and bumblebee foraging were also collected to determine opportunities for different modes of self-pollination. Autogamy accounted for only 12% of the selfing rate with the remainder resulting from geitonogamy. Whole-ramet emasculation of clones with multiple ramets reduced selfing by 78%, indicating that within-ramet geitonogamy contributed significantly (68%) to total selfing. Selfing of single-ramet plants was 44% less than multiple-ramet plants, indicating that the contribution of between-ramet geitonogamy was substantially less (20%) than within-ramet geitonogamy, probably because of bumblebee foraging behavior. Our results demonstrate for the first time in a clonal plant that within-ramet geitonogamy is substantially greater than between-ramet geitonogamy and highlight the importance of considering the influence of clonal architecture and pollinator foraging on modes of self-pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Spencer C H Barrett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 25 Willcocks Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Da-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Wan-Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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41
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El-Shazly M, Tai CJ, Wu TY, Csupor D, Hohmann J, Chang FR, Wu YC. Use, history, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry chemical analysis of Aconitum. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:29-45. [PMID: 28911407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitum and its products have been used in Asia for centuries to treat various ailments, including arthritis, gout, cancer, and inflammation. In general, their preparations and dispensing have been restricted to qualified folk medicine healers due to their low safety index and reported toxicity. In the past few decades, official guidelines have been introduced in Asian pharmacopeias to control Aconitum herbal products. However, these guidelines were based on primitive analytical techniques for the determination of the whole Aconitum alkaloids and were unable to distinguish between toxic and nontoxic components. Recent advances in analytical techniques, especially high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrophoresis coupled with highly sensitive detectors, allowed rapid and accurate determination of Aconitum secondary metabolites. Reports focusing on liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of Aconitum and its herbal products are discussed in the current review. This review can be used by the health liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry regulatory authorities for updating pharmacopeial guidelines of Aconitum and its herbal products.
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Dong H, Yan GL, Han Y, Sun H, Zhang AH, Li XN, Wang XJ. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomic studies on the toxicity mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine Chuanwu and the detoxification mechanisms of Gancao, Baishao, and Ganjiang. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:687-98. [PMID: 26412429 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chuanwu (CW), a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the mother roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.. (Ranunculaceae), has been used for the treatment of various diseases. Unfortunately, its toxicity is frequently reported because of its narrow therapeutic window. In the present study, a metabolomic method was performed to characterize the phenotypically biochemical perturbations and potential mechanisms of CW-induced toxicity. Meanwhile, the expression level of toxicity biomarkers in the urine were analyzed to evaluate the detoxification by combination with Gancao (Radix Glyeyrrhizae, CG), Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba, CS) and Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis, CJ), which were screened from classical TCM prescriptions. Urinary metabolomics was performed by UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS, and the mass spectra signals of the detected metabolites were systematically analyzed using pattern recognition methods. As a result, seventeen biomarkers associated with CW toxicity were identified, which were associated with pentose and glucuronate interconversions, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, among others. The expression levels of most toxicity biomarkers were effectively modulated towards the normal range by the compatibility drugs. It indicated that the three compatibility drugs could effectively detoxify CW. In summary, our work demonstrated that metabolomics was vitally significant to evaluation of toxicity and finding detoxification methods for TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guang-Li Yan
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xian-Na Li
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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Chen XL, Geng CA, Chen JJ. A fragmentation study on four C19-diterpenoid alkaloids by electrospray ionization ion-trap time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2015; 17:915-929. [PMID: 26274911 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1038524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution electrospray ionization ion-trap time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-IT-TOF-MS(n)) in positive-ion mode was used to determine the accurate masses and fragmentation pathways of four C(19)-diterpenoid alkaloids, aconitine (1), yunnaconitine (2), crassicauline A (3), and benzoylmesaconine (4). The [M+H](+) ions of compounds 1-4 were readily observed in conventional single-stage mass spectrometry. Based on the MS(1-6) analyses, detailed fragmentation rules of the four compounds were proposed. The neutral losses of AcOH, MeOH, H(2)O, CO, C(2)H(4), PhCOOH and p-OMePhCOOH segments were the characteristic eliminations from the precursor ions due to the presence of acetyl, methoxyl, hydroxyl, N-ethyl, benzoyl and p-methoxyl-benzoyl units in the structures. Benefited from the high resolution of the mass analyzer, the loss of 28 Da corresponding to CO or CH(4) segment in product ions was unambiguously distinguished. The losing sequence of the main substituent groups was summarized as: C(8)-acetyl>C(16)-methotyl>C(15)-hydroxyl>C(6)-methoxyl>C(1)-methoxyl/C(3)-hydroxyl>C(18)-methoxyl>>C(13)-hydroxyl. The sequential loss of (16)-methoxyl moiety and CO (generating from enol-ketone tautomerism) groups could be recognized as the characteristic eliminations for the compounds with C(16)-methoxyl and C(15)-hydroxyl groups simultaneously. The application of HR-ESI-IT-TOF-MS(n) technique to investigate the fragmentation of C(19)-diterpenoid alkaloids provided useful information to understand their fragmentation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Long Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chang-An Geng
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
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Nagarajan M, Kuruvilla GR, Kumar KS, Venkatasubramanian P. Pharmacology of Ativisha, Musta and their substitutes. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2015; 6:121-33. [PMID: 26167002 PMCID: PMC4484047 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.146551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ayurvedic literature during the medieval period suggests the use of Musta (Cyperus rotundus), a common weed, as a pratinidhi dravya (substitute) for Ativisha (Aconitum heterophyllum), an endangered species. Contemporary Ayurvedic practice also uses Cryptocoryne spiralis, (known as Naattu Atividayam in South India) and Nagaramusta (Cyperus scariosus) as substitutes for Ativisha and Musta, respectively. This article reviews published literature on the pharmacology of the above four species. Both A. heterophyllum and C. rotundus are reported to possess antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antibacterial and antidiarrhoeal properties, while antiinflammatory and antibacterial activities are attributed to C. scariosus. No reports exist on the bioactivity of Cryptocoryne spiralis. It is interesting to note that other than the veerya which is different, the biological properties of Ativisha and Musta are similar according to Ayurvedic classification of dravyaguna. This is also supported by modern pharmacological studies, which show that, both A. heterophyllum and C. rotundus have antidiarrheal, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, antihyperlipidemic and hypoglycemic activities. However, the similarities between the discussed species cannot be attributed to their phytochemical composition or taxonomical classification as these are quite distinct. The dravyaguna method of classifying materials, which we are calling as “pharmaco-taxonomy”, offers a unique way of classifying those plant materials which lack similarity at the botanical or chemical level, but are similar at the level of biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagarajan
- Centre for Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gina R Kuruvilla
- Centre for Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Subrahmanya Kumar
- Centre for Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; Centre for Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Research Scholar, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Padma Venkatasubramanian
- Centre for Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Chen X, Li Q, Li Y, Qian J, Han J. Chloroplast genome of Aconitum barbatum var. puberulum (Ranunculaceae) derived from CCS reads using the PacBio RS platform. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:42. [PMID: 25705213 PMCID: PMC4319492 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast genome (cp genome) of Aconitum barbatum var. puberulum was sequenced using the third-generation sequencing platform based on the single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing approach. To our knowledge, this is the first reported complete cp genome of Aconitum, and we anticipate that it will have great value for phylogenetic studies of the Ranunculaceae family. In total, 23,498 CCS reads and 20,685,462 base pairs were generated, the mean read length was 880 bp, and the longest read was 2,261 bp. Genome coverage of 100% was achieved with a mean coverage of 132× and no gaps. The accuracy of the assembled genome is 99.973%; the assembly was validated using Sanger sequencing of six selected genes from the cp genome. The complete cp genome of A. barbatum var. puberulum is 156,749 bp in length, including a large single-copy region of 87,630 bp and a small single-copy region of 16,941 bp separated by two inverted repeats of 26,089 bp. The cp genome contains 130 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 34 tRNA genes and eight rRNA genes. Four forward, five inverted and eight tandem repeats were identified. According to the SSR analysis, the longest poly structure is a 20-T repeat. Our results presented in this paper will facilitate the phylogenetic studies and molecular authentication on Aconitum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianping Han
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
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Zhao F, Nie J, Chen M, Wu G. Assessment of genetic characteristics of Aconitum germplasms in Xinjiang Province (China) by RAPD and ISSR markers. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015; 29:309-314. [PMID: 26019645 PMCID: PMC4434092 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1004899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitum is a medicinal treasure trove that grows extensively on fertile pastures in Xinjiang Province (China); however, its molecular genetic characteristics are still poorly studied. We studied Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb., Aconitum soongaricum Stapf., Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. and Aconitum leucostomum Worosch, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) techniques, to evaluate their genetic relationship and potential medicinal value. Our results showed that A.kusnezoffii Reichb. and A.soongaricum Stapf. have close genetic relationship and cluster together. Polymorphism rates of 97.25% and 98.92% were achieved by using 15 RAPD and 15 ISSR primers, respectively. Based on Nei's gene diversity (H) and Shannon's index (I), the inter-population diversity (Hs ) was higher when compared with the intra-population diversity (Hp ). Among the three Aconitum populations, the coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst ) was 0.4358 when evaluated by RAPD and 0.5005 by ISSR. The genetic differentiation among the three Aconitum populations was highly significant, suggesting low gene flow (Nm ). This was confirmed by the estimates of gene flow (Nm = 0.6473 and Nm = 0.4991, based on ISSR and RAPD data, respectively). Comparing the RAPD and ISSR results, the two DNA markers proved similarly effective in the assessment of the genetic characteristics of the studied Aconitum populations and could be used for reliable fingerprinting and mapping in studies on Aconitum diversity in view of Aconitum suitability for development and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feicui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China ; Department of Phytochemistry, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Jihong Nie
- Department of Phytochemistry, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Muzhi Chen
- Department of Phytochemistry, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Guirong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
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Nagarajan M, Kuruvilla GR, Kumar KS, Venkatasubramanian P. Abhava pratinidhi dravya: A comparative phytochemistry of Ativisha, Musta and related species. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2015; 6:53-63. [PMID: 25878466 PMCID: PMC4395931 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.146550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Authentic Ativisha (Aconitum heterophyllum) is a rare, endangered Himalayan species. Ayurveda classical texts of c. 15(th)-16(th) century, introduced "abhava-pratinidhi dravya" concept, wherein Ativisha was categorized as an abhava dravya (unavailable drug) and Musta (Cyperus rotundus) was suggested as a pratinidhi dravya (substitute) for it. C. rotundus is a weed, abundantly available pan-India. Cryptocoryne spiralis (Naattu Athividayam) and Cyperus scariosus (Nagarmotha) are also traded as Ativisha and Musta, respectively. Yet, there are no scientific studies to validate the use of substitutes. A. heterophyllum bears no similarity in terms of botanical classification with the other candidates. This article reviews published literature with an emphasis to look for similar phytochemicals or groups of phytochemicals in the species that could contribute to similar pharmacological activities, thereby supporting the drug substitution from a bio-medical perspective. Alkaloids like atisine were found to be the main focus of studies on A. heterophyllum, whereas for the Cyperus spp., it was terpenoids like cyperene. Although alkaloids and terpenoids were reported from both species, alkaloids in C. rotundus and terpenoids in A. heterophyllum were minor constituents. Reports on phytochemicals on Cryptocoryne spiralis and C. scariosus were very limited. Despite no significant similarities in chemical profiles reported, the dravyaguna (Ayurvedic drug classification) of Ativisha and Musta was quite similar warranting further exploration into the bio-functional aspects of the drug materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nagarajan
- Centre for Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gina R. Kuruvilla
- Centre for Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Padma Venkatasubramanian
- Centre for Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Jabbour F, Renner SS. Resurrection of the genus Staphisagria J. Hill, sister to all the other Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae). PhytoKeys 2011; 7:21-6. [PMID: 22287922 PMCID: PMC3261041 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.7.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular sequence data show that the three species oDelphinium subg. Staphisagria (J. Hill) Peterm. form the sister clade to Aconitum L., Aconitella SpachConsolida (DC.) S.F. Gray, and all remaining species of Delphinium L. To account for this finding we resurrect Staphisagria J. Hill (1756). Names in Staphisagria are available for two of the species. We here make the required new combination for the third species, Staphisagria picta (Willd.) F. Jabbour, provide a key to the species, and illustrate one of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jabbour
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger-Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne S. Renner
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger-Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany
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