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Sakurai A, Sakurai T, Ho HJ, Chiba H, Hui SP. Kaempferol Improves Cardiolipin and ATP in Hepatic Cells: A Cellular Model Perspective in the Context of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:508. [PMID: 38398832 PMCID: PMC10892986 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting mitochondrial function is a promising approach to prevent metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique lipid comprising four fatty acyl chains localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. CL is a crucial phospholipid in mitochondrial function, and MASLD exhibits CL-related anomalies. Kaempferol (KMP), a natural flavonoid, has hepatoprotective and mitochondrial function-improving effects; however, its influence on CL metabolism in fatty liver conditions is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of KMP on mitochondrial function, focusing on CL metabolism in a fatty liver cell model (linoleic-acid-loaded C3A cell). KMP promoted mitochondrial respiratory functions such as ATP production, basal respiration, and proton leak. KMP also increased the gene expression levels of CPT1A and PPARGC1A, which are involved in mitochondrial β-oxidation. Comprehensive quantification of CL species and related molecules via liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry showed that KMP increased not only total CL content but also CL72:8, which strongly favors ATP production. Furthermore, KMP improved the monolysocardiolipin (MLCL)/CL ratio, an indicator of mitochondrial function. Our results suggest that KMP promotes energy production in a fatty liver cell model, associated with improvement in mitochondrial CL profile, and can serve as a potential nutrition factor in preventing MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sakurai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (A.S.); (H.-J.H.)
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (A.S.); (H.-J.H.)
| | - Hsin-Jung Ho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (A.S.); (H.-J.H.)
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo 007-0894, Japan;
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (A.S.); (H.-J.H.)
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Shirai I, Iwasaki Y, Karasawa K, Shigemura Y, Katayama S. Orally administered low-molecular weight agaro-oligosaccharides are absorbed into the plasma of healthy humans. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1273328. [PMID: 37818337 PMCID: PMC10560721 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1273328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Agaro-oligosaccharides (AOSs) are known to have biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-obesity effects. Although existing evidence suggests the presence of AOSs in peripheral tissues after oral administration, whether AOSs permeate into the blood circulation remains unknown. Thus, we hypothesized that AOSs with low-molecular weight can permeate the human gastrointestinal tract. To test this hypothesis, the time course of absorption was examined by analyzing plasma samples before and 1, 2, and 4 h after ingestion. Analysis was performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry after labeling with p-aminobenzoic ethyl ester. Our results showed that the plasma concentration of agarobiose (Abi) was higher than that of agarotetraose (Ate); however, agarohexaose was not detected. Additionally, plasma levels of Abi and Ate were proportional to the dose. These results suggest that permeation efficiency is dependent on the molecular weight and that the systemic absorption of Abi via the gastrointestinal tract is better than that of Ate. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the bioactivity of orally administered AOSs in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Shirai
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- Ina Food Industry Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan
| | - Yu Iwasaki
- Faculty of Domestic Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Shigeru Katayama
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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Efeoglu Ozseker P, Yucel SP, Daglioglu N. Optimization of biochip assay for illegal substances on drug abusers' whole blood: Randox Evidence vs LC-MS/MS. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2023; 44:313-325. [PMID: 36921120 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2023.2189451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassay tests are used in clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories to determine illicit drug use in biological samples. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the cutoff concentrations of DOA I Plus in the blood and compare the LC-MS/MS results. 680 authentic forensic whole blood specimens with Randox Evidence DOA I Plus array were screened for drug of abuse and confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Regarding the manufacturer recommended threshold values, 139 out of 680 authentic blood samples were positive for one or more analytes, while 541 were negative. Nearly all of the 139 positive blood samples confirmed by LC-MS/MS were true positive for one or more analytes, while 522 of the 541 negative blood samples were true negative. The overall sensitivity and the specificity were 87.8% and 99.6%, respectively. THC was considered in detail, and a receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the optimum cutoff for THC, as it accounts for 78% of all positive results according to the manufacturer's recommended thresholds. The optimal threshold value for THC was determined at a concentration of 23 ng/mL, while these values for other parameters were defined as recommended by the manufacturer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Efeoglu Ozseker
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Puren Yucel
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nebile Daglioglu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Lee EB, Sayem SAJ, Lee GY, Kim TW, Hossain MA, Park SC. Assessment of Plasma Tylosin Concentrations: A Comparative Study of Immunoassay, Microbiological Assay, and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1023. [PMID: 37370342 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Employing affordable and uncomplicated sample preparation techniques to recommend the most efficient antibacterial therapy could help reduce antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study evaluated the suitability of immunoassays and microbiological assays as alternatives for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in determining plasma tylosin concentrations after intramuscular administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg to both healthy and diseased pigs in clinical veterinary practice. The diseased pigs were confirmed using the target genes Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (apxIVA) and Pasteurella multocida (kmt1). The methods showed good linearity, precision, and accuracy. In both healthy and diseased pigs, a significant correlation was observed between LC/MS and the microbiological assay (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.930, p < 0.001 vs. Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.950, p < 0.001) and between LC/MS and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.933; p < 0.001 vs. Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.976, p < 0.001). A strong correlation was observed between the microbiological assay and the ELISA in both healthy and diseased pigs (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.911; p < 0.001 vs. Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.908, p < 0.001). A Bland-Altman analysis revealed good agreement between the methods, i.e., 95% of the differences were within the limits of agreement. Therefore, the microbiological assay and the ELISA, which demonstrated sufficient precision and accuracy, can be viable alternatives to LC/MS when it is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Al Jawad Sayem
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Yeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Akil Hossain
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Miyazaki Y, Yamamoto A. A Study of Chemical Substances Migrated from Plastic Tableware to Evaluate the Food Safety for Pets. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2023; 12:A0119. [PMID: 37250591 PMCID: PMC10209654 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the safety of food for pets, the migration of chemical substances from pet tableware was investigated by mass spectrometry. The presence of polymer additives Irgafos 168 and Erucamide were suspected based on mass spectra and were confirmed to be present in polypropylene tableware. The amount of substances migrated using simulated saliva was examined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction and purification. Photoionization was found to be suitable for the simultaneous determination of these substances. The detection limits of the established method were 0.019 μg/mL for Irgafos 168 and 0.022 μg/mL for Erucamide. Five different types of pet tableware purchased in local markets were examined and no analytes were detected in the simulated saliva using shaking extraction. In this study, the risk to pets from the substances migrated from pet tableware was considered to be sufficiently low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Miyazaki
- Faculty of Environment, Tottori University of Environmental Studies, 1–1–1 Wakabadaikita, Tottori, Tottori 689–1111, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Environment, Tottori University of Environmental Studies, 1–1–1 Wakabadaikita, Tottori, Tottori 689–1111, Japan
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Mazur DM, Lebedev AT. Transformation of Organic Compounds during Water Chlorination/Bromination: Formation Pathways for Disinfection By-Products (A Review). J Anal Chem 2022; 77. [PMCID: PMC9924213 DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822140052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The purity of drinking water is an important issue of the human life quality. Water disinfection has saved millions people from the diseases spread with water. However, that procedure has a certain drawback due to formation of toxic organic disinfection products. Establishing the structures of these products and the mechanisms of their formation and diminishing their levels in drinking water represent an important task for chemistry and medicine, while mass spectrometry is the most efficient tool for the corresponding studies. The current review throws light upon natural and anthropogenic sources of the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and the mechanisms of their formation related to the structural peculiarities and the presence of functional groups. In addition to chlorination, bromination is discussed since it is used quite often as an alternative method of disinfection, particularly, for the purification of swimming pool water. The benefits of the contemporary GC/MS and LC/MS methods for the elucidation of DBP structures and study of the mechanisms of their formation are discussed. The reactions characteristic for various functional groups and directions of transformation of certain classes of organic compounds in conditions of aqueous chlorination/bromination are also covered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Mazur
- Organic Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. T. Lebedev
- M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
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Metibemu DS, Akinloye OA, Omotuyi IO, Okoye JO, Popoola MA, Akamo AJ. Carotenoid-Enriched Fractions From Spondias mombin Demonstrate HER2 ATP Kinase Domain Inhibition: Computational and In Vivo Animal Model of Breast Carcinoma Studies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:687190. [PMID: 34532287 PMCID: PMC8438527 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.687190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in about 20% of breast cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis. We report in this study that carotenoid-enriched fractions from Spondias mombin demonstrate HER2 ATP kinase domain inhibition. HER2 breast carcinoma was modeled in female Wistar rats and authenticated via immunohistochemical studies. Inhibition of HER2 ATP kinase domain by the carotenoid-enriched fractions was investigated by molecular docking, atomistic simulation, and the expression of HER2 mRNA in HER2-positive breast carcinoma model in female Wistar rats. The therapeutic efficacy of the treatments (carotenoid-rich fractions) was determined by biochemical, tumor volume, and histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced HER2-positive breast carcinoma. Phytoconstituents of the carotenoid-enriched fractions astaxanthin, 7,7′,8,8′-tetrahydro-β,β-carotene, beta-carotene-15,15′-epoxide, and lapatinib (standard drug) demonstrate inhibition of HER2 with docking scores of −3.0, −8.5, −11.5, and −10.6 kcal/mol, respectively; and during atomistic simulation, the compounds ruptured the canonical active-state K753/E770 salt-bridge interaction. The treatment similarly downregulated HER2 mRNA expression significantly at p < 0.05. It also upregulated the expression of p53 and p27 mRNAs significantly at p < 0.05 and reduced creatinine and urea concentrations in the serum at p < 0.05. The tumor volume was also significantly reduced when compared with that of the untreated group. Carotenoid-enriched fractions from S. mombin demonstrate anti-HER2 positive breast carcinoma potentials via HER2 ATP kinase domain inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilohun Samuel Metibemu
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Idowu Olaposi Omotuyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria.,Institute for Drug Research and Development, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Jude Ogechukwu Okoye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Ayodele Popoola
- Institute for Drug Research and Development, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.,Research and Development Desk, Office of the Executive Secretary Tertiary Education Trust Fund, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Adio Jamiu Akamo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Schmitz W, Koderer C, El-Mesery M, Gubik S, Sampers R, Straub A, Kübler AC, Seher A. Metabolic Fingerprinting of Murine L929 Fibroblasts as a Cell-Based Tumour Suppressor Model System for Methionine Restriction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3039. [PMID: 33809777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Otto Warburg reported in 1924 that cancer cells address their increased energy requirement through a massive intake of glucose, the cellular energy level has offered a therapeutic anticancer strategy. Methionine restriction (MetR) is one of the most effective approaches for inducing low-energy metabolism (LEM) due to the central position in metabolism of this amino acid. However, no simple in vitro system for the rapid analysis of MetR is currently available, and this study establishes the murine cell line L929 as such a model system. L929 cells react rapidly and efficiently to MetR, and the analysis of more than 150 different metabolites belonging to different classes (amino acids, urea and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycles, carbohydrates, etc.) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) defines a metabolic fingerprint and enables the identification of specific metabolites representing normal or MetR conditions. The system facilitates the rapid and efficient testing of potential cancer therapeutic metabolic targets. To date, MS studies of MetR have been performed using organisms and yeast, and the current LC/MS analysis of the intra- and extracellular metabolites in the murine cell line L929 over a period of 5 days thus provides new insights into the effects of MetR at the cellular metabolic level.
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Al-Amri I, Kadim IT, AlKindi A, Hamaed A, Al-Magbali R, Khalaf S, Al-Hosni K, Mabood F. Determination of residues of pesticides, anabolic steroids, antibiotics, and antibacterial compounds in meat products in Oman by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vet World 2021; 14:709-720. [PMID: 33935417 PMCID: PMC8076474 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.709-720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Meat is a rich source of many nutrients and plays a vital role in human life however, meat safety is one of the top priorities of great concern for consumers today. More than 90% of human exposure to harmful materials is due to consumption of contaminated meat products. This study was designed to compare four valid analytical methods for the determination of organochlorine pesticides 2,4 D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene/dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, alachlor, organophosphate, anabolic steroids (progesterone, testosterone, and estrogen), antibiotics (tetracycline, sulfonamides, gentamycin, and cephalexin), antibacterial compounds (Macrolide, ß-Lactam, Chloramphenicol, Sulphur drugs, and Gentamicin) residues in 135 beef, buffalo, and sheep meat samples (fresh, frozen meats, minced, and sausage samples) of local, regional, and international brands available in Omani markets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Triplicate meat samples from each brand within each species were extracted with acetonitrile and purified with acetonitrile-saturated n-hexane to remove all impurities. To dry the sample after heating, the residue was passed across a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge for sample cleaning before gas chromatography (GC) (Brand GCMS-QP2010 Plus) coupled with different detectors, including a mass spectrometer or GC-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was also employed for the quantification of the residues in meat products. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were employed to assess veterinary drug residues, anabolic steroids, and pesticides. The CHARM II instrument was employed to detect chloramphenicol, gentamicin, sulfa-drug, ß-lactam, and macrolide residues in meat and meat product samples. RESULTS A thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method should be considered as another method of choice to determine concentrations of veterinary drugs and anabolic steroids. The TLC results were validated by LC-MS. The three described methods permit the multi-residue analysis of anabolic steroid residue levels of 0.06-1.89 ppb in meat product samples. There were three violative residues of anabolic steroids in red meat products that were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Although, the levels of organochlorine pesticides and antibiotic concentrations in meat products were below the MRLs, the long-term consumption is considered a health hazard and will affect the wellbeing of consumers. CONCLUSION The four techniques (GC, high-performance liquid chromatography, ELISA and CHARM II) provided results that were reliable and precise for the detection of chessssmical residues in meat and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Al-Amri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Isam T. Kadim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdulaziz AlKindi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Hamaed
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rabea Al-Magbali
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Samera Khalaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Khdija Al-Hosni
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Fazal Mabood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Metibemu DS, Akinloye OA, Akamo AJ, Okoye JO, Ojo DA, Morifi E, Omotuyi IO. Carotenoid isolates of Spondias mombin demonstrate anticancer effects in DMBA-induced breast cancer in Wistar rats through X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) antagonism and anti-inflammation. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13523. [PMID: 33084091 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) that is constantly overexpressed in cancer is a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatments. The mechanisms of the anticancer effects of carotenoid isolates of Spondias mombim in DMBA-induced breast cancer in Wistar rats through XIAP antagonism were investigated in the present study. Carotenoids isolated from the leaves of Spondias mombim were subjected to Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) and Electrospray Ionization (ESI) for characterization. The characterized carotenoid isolates were docked against XIAP BIR2 domain and XIAP BIR3 domain. The anticancer effects of the carotenoid isolates of Spondias mombim in DMBA-induced breast cancer in Wistar rats were also investigated through the expression of XIAP, COX-2, TNF, BCl-2 mRNAs by qRT-PCR and biochemical parameters of catalase, lipid peroxidation, LDH, ALP, and ALT. These show the carotenoid isolates demonstrate anticancer effects by antagonism of XIAP, proapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present study showed that carotenoids (astaxanthin, β-carotene-15,15'-epoxide, and 7,7',8,8'-tetrahydro-β, β-carotene) isolated from the leaves of Spondias mombim are proapoptotic, it further gives credence to the chemopreventive abilities of carotenoids. This study validated XIAP as a druggable target in cancer treatment and hence more phytochemicals should be screened against it, for possible lead compounds of plant origin. Cancer cells often explore XIAP for antiapoptotic and resistance tendencies, hence, β-carotene-15,15'-epoxide and 7,7',8,8'-tetrahydro-β, β-carotene (XIAP antagonists) are promising drug candidates that can withstand resistant and prone cancer cells to apoptotic cell death. There is a need to synthesize β-carotene-15,15'-epoxide and 7,7',8,8'-tetrahydro-β for further investigation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilohun Samuel Metibemu
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Adio Jamiu Akamo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Jude Ogechukwu Okoye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - David Ajiboye Ojo
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Eric Morifi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Vozella V, Basit A, Piras F, Realini N, Armirotti A, Bossù P, Assogna F, Sensi SL, Spalletta G, Piomelli D. Elevated plasma ceramide levels in post-menopausal women: a cross-sectional study. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:73-88. [PMID: 30620722 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Circulating ceramide levels are abnormally elevated in age-dependent pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity and Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, the potential impact of age on plasma ceramide levels has not yet been systematically examined. In the present study, we quantified a focused panel of plasma ceramides and dihydroceramides in a cohort of 164 subjects (84 women) 19 to 80 years of age. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable linear regression analysis revealed a positive association between age and ceramide (d18:1/24:0) (β (SE) = 5.67 (2.38); p = .0198) and ceramide (d18:1/24:1) (β (SE) = 2.88 (.61); p < .0001) in women, and between age and ceramide (d18:1/24:1) in men (β (SE) = 1.86 (.77); p = .0179). In women of all ages, but not men, plasma ceramide (d18:1/24:1) was negatively correlated with plasma estradiol (r = -0.294; p = .007). Finally, in vitro experiments in human cancer cells expressing estrogen receptors showed that incubation with estradiol (10 nM, 24 h) significantly decreased ceramide accumulation. Together, the results suggest that aging is associated with an increase in circulating ceramide levels, which in post-menopausal women is at least partially associated with lower estradiol levels.
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Kanamori T, Segawa H, Yamamuro T, Kuwayama K, Tsujikawa K, Iwata YT. Metabolism of a new synthetic opioid tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl in fresh isolated human hepatocytes: Detection and confirmation of ring-opened metabolites. Drug Test Anal 2019; 12:439-448. [PMID: 31797567 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of a new synthetic opioid tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl (THF-fentanyl) was investigated using fresh human hepatocytes. Fourteen metabolites of THF-fentanyl, such as tetrahydrofuran ring-opened metabolites, desphenethylated metabolites, hydroxylated metabolites, and hydroxylated and methoxylated metabolites and their glucuronides, were detected in the culture medium of hepatocytes incubated with THF-fentanyl. Six metabolites, i.e. desphenethylated metabolite, 4'-hydroxy-THF-fentanyl, β-hydroxy-THF-fentanyl, 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy-THF-fentanyl, ring-opened alcohol metabolite, and ring-opened carboxylic acid metabolite, were identified via chemically synthesized authentic standards. A ring-opened alcohol metabolite and a ring-opened carboxylic acid metabolite are thought to be formed by reduction or oxidation of the intermediate aldehyde, which was formed by ring-opening of the metabolite hydroxylated at the carbon atom adjacent to the oxygen atom of the tetrahydrofuran ring. A ring-opened carboxylic acid metabolite was the main metabolite of THF-fentanyl based on the peak intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuyuki Kanamori
- National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Segawa
- National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamuro
- National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuwayama
- National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsujikawa
- National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko T Iwata
- National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Leonard SW, Bobe G, Traber MG. Stability of antioxidant vitamins in whole human blood during overnight storage at 4°C and frozen storage up to 6 months. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 88:151-157. [PMID: 30747603 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To determine optimal conditions for blood collection during clinical trials, where sample handling logistics might preclude prompt separation of erythrocytes from plasma, healthy subjects (n=8, 6 M/2F) were recruited and non-fasting blood samples were collected into tubes containing different anticoagulants (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), Li-heparin or Na-heparin). We hypothesized that heparin, but not EDTA, would effectively protect plasma tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and vitamin E catabolites (α- and γ-CEHC) from oxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, one set of tubes was processed immediately and plasma samples were stored at -80°C, while the other set was stored at 4°C and processed the following morning (~30 hours) and analyzed, or the samples were analyzed after 6 months of storage. Plasma ascorbic acid, as measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) decreased by 75% with overnight storage using EDTA as an anticoagulant, but was unchanged when heparin was used. Neither time prior to processing, nor anticoagulant, had any significant effects upon plasma α- or γ-tocopherols or α- or γ-CEHC concentrations. α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations remained unchanged after 6 months of storage at -80°C, when measured using either LC-ECD or LC/mass spectrometry. Thus, refrigeration of whole blood at 4°C overnight does not change plasma α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations or their catabolites. Ascorbic acid is unstable in whole blood when EDTA is used as an anticoagulant, but when whole blood is collected with heparin, it can be stored overnight and subsequently processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Leonard
- 1 Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- 1 Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- 1 Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.,2 College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.,3 Environmental Health Sciences Center; Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
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14
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Iemoto T, Nishiumi S, Kobayashi T, Fujigaki S, Hamaguchi T, Kato K, Shoji H, Matsumura Y, Honda K, Yoshida M. Serum level of octanoic acid predicts the efficacy of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:831-842. [PMID: 30655836 PMCID: PMC6312949 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival times of patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) have increased due to the introduction of chemotherapy involving irinotecan and cetuximab. However, further studies are required on the effective pretreatment methods for identifying patients with CRC who would respond to particular treatments. The aim of the present study was to identify biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of chemotherapy for CRC. A total of 123 serum samples were collected from 31 patients with CRC just prior to each of the first four rounds of chemotherapy. Serum metabolome analysis was performed using a multiplatform metabolomics system, and univariate Cox regression hazards analysis of the time to disease progression was conducted. Octanoic acid and 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol were identified as biomarker candidates. In addition, the serum level of octanoic acid was indicated to be significantly associated with the time to disease progression (hazard ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.099–11.840; P=0.033). The serum levels of fatty acids, in particular polyunsaturated fatty acids, tended to be downregulated in the partial response group. The findings of the present study suggest that the serum level of octanoic acid may serve as a useful predictor for the prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Iemoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Seiji Fujigaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hamaguchi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Shoji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Honda
- Division of Chemotherapy and Clinical Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.,Division of Metabolomics Research, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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15
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Jenkins S, Swenson TL, Lau R, Rocha AM, Aaring A, Hazen TC, Chakraborty R, Northen TR. Construction of Viable Soil Defined Media Using Quantitative Metabolomics Analysis of Soil Metabolites. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2618. [PMID: 29312276 PMCID: PMC5744445 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exometabolomics enables analysis of metabolite utilization of low molecular weight organic substances by soil bacteria. Environmentally-based defined media are needed to examine ecologically relevant patterns of substrate utilization. Here, we describe an approach for the construction of defined media using untargeted characterization of water soluble soil microbial metabolites from a saprolite soil collected from the Oak Ridge Field Research Center (ORFRC). To broadly characterize metabolites, both liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used. With this approach, 96 metabolites were identified, including amino acids, amino acid derivatives, sugars, sugar alcohols, mono- and di-carboxylic acids, nucleobases, and nucleosides. From this pool of metabolites, 25 were quantified. Molecular weight cut-off filtration determined the fraction of carbon accounted for by the quantified metabolites and revealed that these soil metabolites have an uneven quantitative distribution (e.g., trehalose accounted for 9.9% of the <1 kDa fraction). This quantitative information was used to formulate two soil defined media (SDM), one containing 23 metabolites (SDM1) and one containing 46 (SDM2). To evaluate the viability of the SDM, we examined the growth of 30 phylogenetically diverse soil bacterial isolates from the ORFRC field site. The simpler SDM1 supported the growth of 13 isolates while the more complex SDM2 supported 15 isolates. To investigate SDM1 substrate preferences, one isolate, Pseudomonas corrugata strain FW300-N2E2 was selected for a time-series exometabolomics analysis. Interestingly, it was found that this organism preferred lower-abundance substrates such as guanine, glycine, proline and arginine and glucose and did not utilize the more abundant substrates maltose, mannitol, trehalose and uridine. These results demonstrate the viability and utility of using exometabolomics to construct a tractable environmentally relevant media. We anticipate that this approach can be expanded to other environments to enhance isolation and characterization of diverse microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Jenkins
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Tami L Swenson
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Lau
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Andrea M Rocha
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States.,Geosyntec Consultants, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Alex Aaring
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Terry C Hazen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Romy Chakraborty
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Trent R Northen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
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16
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Yuan XS, Cao LX, Hu YJ, Bao FC, Wang ZT, Cao JL, Yuan P, Lv W, Hu J. Clinical, cellular, and bioinformatic analyses reveal involvement of WRAP53 overexpression in carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694309. [PMID: 28347242 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, of which non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 80%, remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity worldwide. Our study revealed that the expression of WD repeat containing antisense to P53 (WRAP53) is higher in lung-adenocarcinoma specimens than in specimens from adjacent non-tumor tissues. The prevalence of WRAP53 overexpression was significantly higher in patients with tumor larger than 3.0 cm than in patients with tumor smaller than 3.0 cm. The depletion of WRAP53 inhibits the proliferation of lung-adenocarcinoma A549 and SPC-A-1 cells via G1/S cell-cycle arrest. Several proteins interacting with WRAP53 were identified through co-immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. These key proteins indicated previously undiscovered functions of WRAP53. These observations strongly suggested that WRAP53 should be considered a promising target in the prevention or treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shuai Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long-Xiang Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Ji Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei-Chao Bao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Tian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Lin Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Wang C, Li Z, Wang H, Qiu H, Zhang M, Li S, Luo X, Song Y, Zhou H, Ma W, Zhang T. Rapid biodegradation of aflatoxin B1 by metabolites of Fusarium sp. WCQ3361 with broad working temperature range and excellent thermostability. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:1342-1348. [PMID: 27381716 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contamination of food and feed by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) poses serious economic and health problems worldwide, so the development of biological methods for effective AFB1 degradation is strongly required. RESULTS Among three AFB1-degrading microorganisms isolated from moldy peanut, Fusarium sp. WCQ3361 could remove AFB1 extremely effectively, with a degradation ratio of 70.20% after 1 min and 95.38% after 24 h. Its degradation ratio was not much affected by temperature change (0-90 °C) and it also displayed excellent thermostability, maintaining 99.40% residual activity after boiling for 10 min. Since protease K could reduce the AFB1 degradation ratio by 55.15%, it is proposed that the effective component for AFB1 degradation is a protein. The AFB1 degradation ability of Fusarium sp. WCQ3361 was further verified by feed stock detoxification and the MTT test with HepG2 cells. In addition, no degradation products were detected by preliminary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, suggesting that AFB1 might be metabolized to products with different chemical characteristics from AFB1. CONCLUSION Fusarium sp. WCQ3361 is the first reported AFB1 degradation fungus belonging to the genus Fusarium with broad working temperature range, excellent thermostability and high activity, which provides a potential highly useful solution for dealing with AFB1 contamination in the human diet and animal feed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Haiyan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yajian Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
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18
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Ambroziak U, Kuryłowicz A, Kępczyńska-Nyk A, Bartoszewicz Z, Kondracka A, Jaźwiec R, Samborowska E, Dadlez M, Wysłouch-Cieszyńska A, Bednarczuk T. Total testosterone to dihydrotestosterone ratio assessed by LC-MS/MS predicts a worse metabolic profile not only in PCOS patients. Ginekol Pol 2017; 88:5-8. [PMID: 28157253 DOI: 10.5603/gp.a2017.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Total testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratio (TT/DHT) was found to determine metabolic risk in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was to analyze whether (TT/DHT) may be helpful in predicting metabolic risk not only in PCOS patients but also in healthy women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Total testosterone (TT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstendione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) were measured by LC-MS/MS in 36 women with PCOS and in 29 age-matched controls without clinical hyperandrogenism. In all participants, anthropometric data, lipids, adipose tissue percent (%fat), HOMA-IR were also assessed. RESULTS The studied groups were not different in terms of age, BMI, waist circumference, %fat and HOMA-IR. In the patients group, mean TT and androstendione levels were significantly higher as compared to controls (1.4 nmol/L vs. 1.0 nmol/L, P < 0.001) and (6.6 nmol/L vs. 4.9 nmol/L, P < 0.01), respectively. In the patients group, mean TT/DHT ratio was significantly higher compared to controls (3.6 vs. 2.7, P < 0.01) and correlated with BMI (r = 0.37, P < 0.05), waist circumference (r = 0.44, P < 0.01), %fat (r = 0.30, P < 0.05), as well as with insulin levels (r = 0.38, P < 0.05) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.44, P < 0.05). The association between TT/DHT ratio and unfavorable metabolic parameters was also seen in controls. CONCLUSION Total testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratio assessed by LC-MS/MS correlates with a worse metabolic profile not only in PCOS patients, but also in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Ambroziak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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El-Shazly M, Tai CJ, Wu TY, Csupor D, Hohmann J, Chang FR, Wu YC. Use, history, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry chemical analysis of Aconitum. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:29-45. [PMID: 28911407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitum and its products have been used in Asia for centuries to treat various ailments, including arthritis, gout, cancer, and inflammation. In general, their preparations and dispensing have been restricted to qualified folk medicine healers due to their low safety index and reported toxicity. In the past few decades, official guidelines have been introduced in Asian pharmacopeias to control Aconitum herbal products. However, these guidelines were based on primitive analytical techniques for the determination of the whole Aconitum alkaloids and were unable to distinguish between toxic and nontoxic components. Recent advances in analytical techniques, especially high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrophoresis coupled with highly sensitive detectors, allowed rapid and accurate determination of Aconitum secondary metabolites. Reports focusing on liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of Aconitum and its herbal products are discussed in the current review. This review can be used by the health liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry regulatory authorities for updating pharmacopeial guidelines of Aconitum and its herbal products.
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20
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Liang Q, Wang C, Li B, Zhang AH. Metabolic fingerprinting to understand therapeutic effects and mechanisms of silybin on acute liver damage in rat. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:586-93. [PMID: 26246736 PMCID: PMC4522847 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.160469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic fingerprinting is a rapid and noninvasive analysis, representing a powerful approach for the characterization of phenotypes and the distinction of specific metabolic states due to environmental alterations. It has become a valuable analytical approach for the characterization of phenotypes and is the rapidly evolving field of the comprehensive measurement of ideally all endogenous metabolites in bio-samples. Silybin has displayed bright prospects in the prevention and therapy of liver injury, and we had conducted a preliminary exploration on the molecular mechanism of the hepatoprotective effects of silybin. Because the knowledge on the metabolic responses of an acute liver damage rat to the silybin is still scarce, metabolic fingerprinting can provide relevant information on the intrinsic metabolic adjustments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, the physiological and metabolic changes in the acute liver damage rat were investigated by performing a metabolic analysis. The phenotypic response was assessed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) combined with pattern recognition approaches such as principal components analysis and partial least squares projection to supervised latent structures and discriminant analysis. Multivariate analysis of the data showed trends in scores plots that were related to the concentration of the silybin. RESULTS Results indicate 10 ions (7 upregulated and 3 downregulated) as differentiating metabolites. Key observations include perturbations of metabolic pathways linked to glutathione metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, etc., Overall, this investigation illustrates the power of the LC/MS combined with the pattern recognition methods that can engender new insights into silybin affecting on metabolism pathways of an acute liver damage rat. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that the combination of metabolic fingerprinting with appropriate chemometric analysis is a valuable approach for studying cellular responses to silybin drug and can provide additional insight into the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Cong Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Binbing Li
- First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
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21
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Ambroziak U, Kępczyńska-Nyk A, Kuryłowicz A, Wysłouch-Cieszyńska A, Małunowicz EM, Bartoszewicz Z, Kondracka A, Jaźwiec R, Pawłowska E, Szcześniak M, Dadlez M, Bednarczuk T. LC-MS/MS improves screening towards 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:296-300. [PMID: 25539143 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.994599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal serum 17OHP measurement remains the first screening step for nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) and the accuracy of the test is of high value. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of immunoassays to LC-MS/MS in the assessment of serum 17OHP and androgens concentration in women with hyperandrogenism and controls. 17OHP, total testosterone, androstendione and DHEA-S were measured in 39 women with clinically and/or biochemically evident hyperandrogenism and in 29 age-matched controls without clinical hyperandrogenism. 17OHP and androgens were measured by immunoassays and by LC-MS/MS. In patients group median 17OHP level measured by immunoassays was significantly higher compared to LC-MS/MS (5.49 nmol/l-ELISA NovaTec® and 3.57 nmol/l-ELISA DRG® versus 1.56 nmol/l-LC-MS/MS p < 0.0001) as well as in the control group (2.58 nmol/l-ELISA DRG® versus 1.14 nmol/l-LC-MS/MS p < 0.0001). Additional, unnecessary diagnostic procedures explaining elevated 17OHP level were undertaken in 85% of patients when NovaTec® test was used, in 50% when ELISA DRG® and in none when LC-MS/MS method was applied. Total testosterone, androstendione and DHEA-S concentrations in the patients and the controls assessed by the immunoassays were also significantly higher compared to LC-MS/MS. LC-MS/MS is more reliable diagnostic tool in the measurement of serum 17OHP and androgens concentrations compared to immunoassays in women with hyperandrogenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Ambroziak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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22
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Onorato JM, Chu CH, Ma Z, Kopcho LM, Chao HJ, Lawrence RM, Cheng D. Cell-based assay of MGAT2-driven diacylglycerol synthesis for profiling inhibitors: use of a stable isotope-labeled substrate and high-resolution LC/MS. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:747-753. [PMID: 25598079 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d055020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To demonstrate monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2)-mediated enzyme activity in a cellular context, cells of the murine secretin tumor cell-1 line of enteroendocrine origin were used to construct human MGAT2-expressing recombinant cell lines. Low throughput and utilization of radiolabeled substrate in a traditional TLC technique were circumvented by development of a high-resolution LC/MS platform. Monitoring incorporation of stable isotope-labeled D31-palmitate into diacylglycerol (DAG) allowed selective tracing of the cellular DAG synthesis activity. This assay format dramatically reduced background interference and increased the sensitivity and the signal window compared with the TLC method. Using this assay, several MGAT2 inhibitors from different chemotypes were characterized. The described cell-based assay adds a new methodology for the development and evaluation of MGAT2 inhibitors for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle M Onorato
- Departments of Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Ching-Hsuen Chu
- Fibrosis Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Zhengping Ma
- Fibrosis Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Lisa M Kopcho
- Mechanistic Biochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Hannguang J Chao
- Discovery Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - R Michael Lawrence
- Discovery Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Dong Cheng
- Fibrosis Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ.
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Sánchez-Guijo A, Oji V, Hartmann MF, Schuppe HC, Traupe H, Wudy SA. High levels of oxysterol sulfates in serum of patients with steroid sulfatase deficiency. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:403-12. [PMID: 25502769 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m055608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase (STS) deficiency is the underlying cause of the skin condition known as recessive X-linked ichthyosis (RXLI). RXLI patients show scales on their skin caused by high concentrations of cholesterol sulfate (CS), as they are not capable of releasing the sulfate group from its structure to obtain free cholesterol. CS has been reported, so far, as the sole sulfated steroid with increased concentrations in the blood of RXLI patients. A non-targeted LC-MS approach in negative mode detection (LC-MS precursor ion scan mode) was applied to serum samples of 12 RXLI patients and 19 healthy males. We found that CS was not the only sulfated compound consistently elevated in RXLI patients, because a group of compounds with a m/z of 481 was found in high concentrations too. Further LC-MS/MS demonstrated that the main contributor to the m/z 481 signal in RXLI serum is 27-hydroxycholesterol-3-sulfate (27OHC3S). Accordingly, a new method for 27OHC3S quantification in the context of RXLI has been developed and validated. Other hydroxycholesterol sulfate compounds were elevated as well in RXLI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sánchez-Guijo
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Oji
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michaela F Hartmann
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Schuppe
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Heiko Traupe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Fitian AI, Nelson DR, Liu C, Xu Y, Ararat M, Cabrera R. Integrated metabolomic profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C cirrhosis through GC/MS and UPLC/MS-MS. Liver Int 2014; 34:1428-44. [PMID: 24661807 PMCID: PMC4169337 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The metabolic pathway disturbances associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unsatisfactorily characterized. Determination of the metabolic alterations associated with the presence of HCC can improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of this cancer and may provide opportunities for improved disease monitoring of patients at risk for HCC development. To characterize the global metabolic alterations associated with HCC arising from hepatitis C (HCV)-associated cirrhosis using an integrated non-targeted metabolomics methodology employing both gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS-MS). METHODS The global serum metabolomes of 30 HCC patients, 27 hepatitis C cirrhosis disease controls and 30 healthy volunteers were characterized using a metabolomics approach that combined two metabolomics platforms, GC/MS and UPLC/MS-MS. Random forest, multivariate statistics and receiver operator characteristic analysis were performed to identify the most significantly altered metabolites in HCC patients vs. HCV-cirrhosis controls and which therefore exhibited a close association with the presence of HCC. RESULTS Elevated 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), 15-HETE, sphingosine, γ-glutamyl oxidative stress-associated metabolites, xanthine, amino acids serine, glycine and aspartate, and acylcarnitines were strongly associated with the presence of HCC. Elevations in bile acids and dicarboxylic acids were highly correlated with cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS Integrated metabolomic profiling through GC/MS and UPLC/MS-MS identified global metabolic disturbances in HCC and HCV-cirrhosis. Aberrant amino acid biosynthesis, cell turnover regulation, reactive oxygen species neutralization and eicosanoid pathways may be hallmarks of HCC. Aberrant dicarboxylic acid metabolism, enhanced bile acid metabolism and elevations in fibrinogen cleavage peptides may be signatures of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asem I. Fitian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David R. Nelson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
,Department of Medicine, Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yiling Xu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Miguel Ararat
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roniel Cabrera
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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25
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Zhu Z, Go EP, Desaire H. Absolute quantitation of glycosylation site occupancy using isotopically labeled standards and LC-MS. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2014; 25:1012-7. [PMID: 24671695 PMCID: PMC4458369 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycans are required to maintain appropriate biological functions on proteins. Underglycosylation leads to many diseases in plants and animals; therefore, characterizing the extent of glycosylation on proteins is an important step in understanding, diagnosing, and treating diseases. To determine the glycosylation site occupancy, protein N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) is typically used to detach the glycan from the protein, during which the formerly glycosylated asparagine undergoes deamidation to become an aspartic acid. By comparing the abundance of the resulting peptide containing aspartic acid against the one containing non-glycosylated asparagine, the glycosylation site occupancy can be evaluated. However, this approach can give inaccurate results when spontaneous chemical deamidation of the non-glycosylated asparagine occurs. To overcome this limitation, we developed a new method to measure the glycosylation site occupancy that does not rely on converting glycosylated peptides to their deglycosylated forms. Specifically, the overall protein concentration and the non-glycosylated portion of the protein are quantified simultaneously by using heavy isotope-labeled internal standards coupled with LC-MS analysis, and the extent of site occupancy is accurately determined. The efficacy of the method was demonstrated by quantifying the occupancy of a glycosylation site on bovine fetuin. The developed method is the first work that measures the glycosylation site occupancy without using PNGase F, and it can be done in parallel with glycopeptide analysis because the glycan remains intact throughout the workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heather Desaire
- Corresponding author. Address: 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047. Phone: 785-864-3015, Fax: 785-864-5396,
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26
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Yang W, Yu M, Fu J, Bao W, Wang D, Hao L, Yao P, Nüssler AK, Yan H, Liu L. Deoxynivalenol induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 64:383-96. [PMID: 24355168 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins. The aim of this study consists in using diverse cellular and molecular assays to evaluate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity as well as oxidative damage and to investigate their mechanisms in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The human lymphocytes were cultured in eight different doses of DON (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 ng/mL) during 6, 12 and 24 h. DON was able to decrease cell viability and cause damage to the membrane, the chromosomes or the DNA at all times of culture. It was also able to induce lipid peroxidation and raise the levels of 8-OHdG and ROS in 6, 12 and 24 h. The results of the RT-PCR and the Western Blot indicated that DON is able to enhance mRNA or protein expressions of DNA repair genes and HO-1 in 6 h and to inhibit these expressions in 24 h. DON potentially triggers genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. This mechanism is probably related to depletion of antioxidase and oxidative damage to the DNA that reduced expression of HO-1, thereby inhibiting the ability of DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Juan Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- University of Tübingen, BG Trauma Center, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hong Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
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27
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Yang J, Goetze AM, Flynn GC. Assessment of naturally occurring covalent and total dimer levels in human IgG1 and IgG2. Mol Immunol 2013; 58:108-15. [PMID: 24321397 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibody dimers, two self-associated monomers, have been detected on both recombinantly expressed and endogenous human IgG proteins. Nearly 10 years ago, Yoo et al. (2003) described low levels of IgG2 covalent dimer, in human serum, but did not quantify the levels. Here we quantify the total and covalent dimer levels of IgG2 and IgG1 in human blood, and study the origin of covalent dimer formation. Low levels (<1%) of total IgG1 and IgG2 dimers were measured in freshly prepared human plasma. Both IgG1 and IgG2 covalent dimers were also found in plasma. Whereas IgG1 covalent dimer levels were significantly reduced by steps intended to eliminate artifacts during sample preparation, IgG2 covalent dimer levels remain stable in such conditions. About 0.4% of IgG2 in plasma was in a covalent dimer form, yet very little (<0.03%) of IgG1 covalent dimer could be considered naturally occurring. IgG2 dimer also formed in vitro under conditions designed to mimic those in blood, suggesting that formation occurs in vivo during circulation. Thus, small amounts of covalent IgG2 dimer do appear to form naturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Yang
- Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, 91320, United States
| | - Andrew M Goetze
- Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, 91320, United States
| | - Gregory C Flynn
- Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, 91320, United States.
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Lu Y, Sun J, Petrova K, Yang X, Greenhaw J, Salminen WF, Beger RD, Schnackenberg LK. Metabolomics evaluation of the effects of green tea extract on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:707-21. [PMID: 24080264 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Green tea has been purported to have beneficial health effects including protective effects against oxidative stress. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug that can cause acute liver injury in overdose situations. These studies explored the effects of green tea extract (GTE) on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in liver tissue extracts using ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mice were orally administered GTE, APAP or GTE and APAP under three scenarios. APAP alone caused a high degree of hepatocyte necrosis associated with increases in serum transaminases and alterations in multiple metabolic pathways. The time of GTE oral administration relative to APAP either protected against or potentiated the APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Dose dependent decreases in histopathology scores and serum transaminases were noted when GTE was administered prior to APAP; whereas, the opposite occurred when GTE was administered after APAP. Similarly, metabolites altered by APAP alone were less changed when GTE was given prior to APAP. Significantly altered pathways included fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and energy pathways. These studies demonstrate the complex interaction between GTE and APAP and the need to employ novel analytical strategies to understand the effects of dietary supplements on pharmaceutical compounds.
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29
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Voehringer P, Fuertig R, Ferger B. A novel liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of glycine as biomarker in brain microdialysis and cerebrospinal fluid samples within 5min. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 939:92-7. [PMID: 24121745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycine is an important amino acid neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and a useful biomarker to indicate biological activity of drugs such as glycine reuptake inhibitors (GRI) in the brain. Here, we report how a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the fast and reliable analysis of glycine in brain microdialysates and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples has been established. Additionally, we compare this method with the conventional approach of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to fluorescence detection (FD). The present LC-MS/MS method did not require any derivatisation step. Fifteen microliters of sample were injected for analysis. Glycine was detected by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the positive electrospray ionisation (ESI) mode. The total running time was 5min. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was determined as 100nM, while linearity was given in the range from 100nM to 100μM. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the LC-MS/MS method, we measured glycine levels in striatal in vivo microdialysates and CSF of rats after administration of the commercially available glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor LY 2365109 (10mg/kg, p.o.). LY 2365109 produced 2-fold and 3-fold elevated glycine concentrations from 1.52μM to 3.6μM in striatal microdialysates and from 10.38μM to 36μM in CSF, respectively. In conclusion, we established a fast and reliable LC-MS/MS method, which can be used for the quantification of glycine in brain microdialysis and CSF samples in biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Voehringer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach, Germany
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30
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Xiong J, Bhaskar U, Li G, Fu L, Li L, Zhang F, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Immobilized enzymes to convert N-sulfo, N-acetyl heparosan to a critical intermediate in the production of bioengineered heparin. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:241-7. [PMID: 23835156 PMCID: PMC3780768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heparin is a critically important anticoagulant drug that is prepared from pig intestine. In 2007-2008, there was a crisis in the heparin market when the raw material was adulterated with the toxic polysaccharide, oversulfated chondroitin sulfate, which was associated with 100 deaths in the U.S. alone. As the result of this crisis, our laboratory and others have been actively pursuing alternative sources for this critical drug, including synthetic heparins and bioengineered heparin. In assessing the bioengineering processing costs it has become clear that the use of both enzyme-catalyzed cofactor recycling and enzyme immobilization will be needed for commercialization. In the current study, we examine the use of immobilization of C₅-epimerase and 2-O-sulfotransferase involved in the first enzymatic step in the bioengineered heparin process, as well as arylsulfotransferase-IV involved in cofactor recycling in all three enzymatic steps. We report the successful immobilization of all three enzymes and their use in converting N-sulfo, N-acetyl heparosan into N-sulfo, N-acetyl 2-O-sulfo heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, China
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Phua LC, Koh PK, Cheah PY, Ho HK, Chan EC. Global gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS)-based metabonomic profiling of lyophilized human feces. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 937:103-13. [PMID: 24029555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based fecal metabonomics represents a powerful systems biology approach for elucidating metabolic biomarkers of lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases. Unlike metabolic profiling of fecal water, the profiling of complete fecal material remains under-explored. Here, a gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS) method was developed and validated for the global metabonomic profiling of human feces. Fecal and fecal water metabotypes were also profiled and compared. Additionally, the unclear influence of blood in stool on the fecal metabotype was investigated unprecedentedly. Eighty milligram of lyophilized feces was ultrasonicated with 1mL of methanol:water (8:2) for 30min, followed by centrifugation, drying of supernatant, oximation and trimethylsilylation for 45min. Lyophilized feces demonstrated a more comprehensive metabolic coverage than fecal water, based on the number of chromatographic peaks. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated occult blood (1mgHb/g feces) exerted a negligible effect on the fecal metabotype. Conversely, a unique metabotype related to feces spiked with gross blood (100mgHb/g feces) was revealed (PCA, R(2)X=0.837, Q(2)=0.794), confirming the potential confounding effect of gross GIT bleeding on the fecal metabotype. This pertinent finding highlights the importance of prudent interpretation of fecal metabonomic data, particularly in GIT diseases where bleeding is prevalent.
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Chen ML, Yi L, Jin X, Xie Q, Zhang T, Zhou X, Chang H, Fu YJ, Zhu JD, Zhang QY, Mi MT. Absorption of resveratrol by vascular endothelial cells through passive diffusion and an SGLT1-mediated pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1823-9. [PMID: 23927891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that exerts potent effects to suppress atherosclerosis. However, its low concentration in plasma has placed this role in doubt. Thus, resveratrol effects might be dependent on its transport into vascular endothelium, a question not previously addressed in spite of its obvious and fundamental importance. Via high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, we found that resveratrol was absorbed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a temperature-, concentration- and time-dependent manner, suggesting the involvement of passive diffusion and active transport. As determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, resveratrol primarily distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Furthermore, resveratrol absorption was modulated by serum proteins and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) yet inhibited by glucose (an SGLT1 substrate) and phlorizin (an SGLT1 selective inhibitor), as well as SGLT1 siRNA transfection. Additionally, Sprague-Dawley rats were intragastrically administrated with 100mg/kg of resveratrol and the concentration of resveratrol in blood vessels declined more slowly up to 24h compared to that in the blood. Our results suggested that resveratrol uptake by vascular endothelial cells involved both passive diffusion and an SGLT1-mediated process, at least partially. Moreover, the intracellular resveratrol pool may be more important than the serum level in vivo. These provide new insights into the cardiovascular benefits of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-liang Chen
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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López-Arnau R, Martínez-Clemente J, Carbó ML, Pubill D, Escubedo E, Camarasa J. An integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a new drug of abuse, methylone, a synthetic cathinone sold as "bath salts". Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 45:64-72. [PMID: 23603357 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methylone (3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone) is a new psychoactive substance and an active ingredient of "legal highs" or "bath salts". We studied the pharmacokinetics and locomotor activity of methylone in rats at doses equivalent to those used in humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS Methylone was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats intravenously (10mg/kg) and orally (15 and 30 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations and metabolites were characterized by LC/MS and LC-MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Locomotor activity was monitored for 180-240 min. RESULTS Oral administration of methylone induced a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity in rats. The plasma concentrations after i.v. administration were described by a two-compartment model with distribution and terminal elimination phases of α=1.95 h(-1) and β=0.72 h(-1). For oral administration, peak methylone concentrations were achieved between 0.5 and 1h and fitted to a flip-flop model. Absolute bioavailability was about 80% and the percentage of methylone protein binding was of 30%. A relationship between methylone brain levels and free plasma concentration yielded a ratio of 1.42 ± 0.06, indicating access to the central nervous system. We have identified four Phase I metabolites after oral administration. The major metabolic routes are N-demethylation, aliphatic hydroxylation and O-methylation of a demethylenate intermediate. DISCUSSION Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of methylone showed a correlation between plasma concentrations and enhancement of the locomotor activity. A contribution of metabolites in the activity of methylone after oral administration is suggested. Present results will be helpful to understand the time course of the effects of this drug of abuse in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl López-Arnau
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section, and Institute of Biomedicine, IBUB, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Gelman JS, Dasgupta S, Berezniuk I, Fricker LD. Analysis of peptides secreted from cultured mouse brain tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1834:2408-17. [PMID: 23402728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptides represent a major class of cell-cell signaling molecules. Most peptidomic studies have focused on peptides present in brain or other tissues. For a peptide to function in intercellular signaling, it must be secreted. The present study was undertaken to identify the major peptides secreted from mouse brain slices that were cultured in oxygenated buffer for 3-4h. Approximately 75% of the peptides identified in extracts of cultured slices matched the previously reported peptide content of heat-inactivated mouse brain tissue, whereas only 2% matched the peptide content of unheated brain tissue; the latter showed a large number of postmortem changes. As found with extracts of heat-inactivated mouse brain, the extracts of cultured brain slices represented secretory pathway peptides as well as peptides derived from intracellular proteins such as those present in the cytosol and mitochondria. A subset of the peptides detected in the extracts of the cultured slices was detected in the culture media. The vast majority of secreted peptides arose from intracellular proteins and not secretory pathway proteins. The peptide RVD-hemopressin, a CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonist, was detected in culture media, which is consistent with a role for RVD-hemopressin as a non-classical neuropeptide. Taken together with previous studies, the present results show that short-term culture of mouse brain slices is an appropriate system to study peptide secretion, especially the non-conventional pathway(s) by which peptides produced from intracellular proteins are secreted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: An Updated Secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Gelman
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Malins DC, Anderson KM, Stegeman JJ, Jaruga P, Green VM, Gilman NK, Dizdaroglu M. Biomarkers signal contaminant effects on the organs of English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114:823-9. [PMID: 16759979 PMCID: PMC1480518 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fish living in contaminated environments accumulate toxic chemicals in their tissues. Biomarkers are needed to identify the resulting health effects, particularly focusing on early changes at a subcellular level. We used a suite of complementary biomarkers to signal contaminant-induced changes in the DNA structure and cellular physiology of the livers and gills of English sole (Parophrys vetulus) . These sediment-dwelling fish were obtained from the industrialized lower Duwamish River (DR) in Seattle, Washington, and from Quartermaster Harbor (QMH) , a relatively clean reference site in south Puget Sound. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) , and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) identified potentially deleterious alterations in the DNA structure of the DR fish livers and gills, compared with the QMH fish. Expression of CYP1A (a member of the cytochrome P450 multigene family of enzymes) signaled changes in the liver associated with the oxidation of organic xenobiotics, as previously found with the gill. The FT-IR models demonstrated that the liver DNA of the DR fish had a unique structure likely arising from exposure to environmental chemicals. Analysis by LC/MS and GC/MS showed higher concentrations of DNA base lesions in the liver DNA of the DR fish, suggesting that these base modifications contributed to this discrete DNA structure. A comparable analysis by LC/MS and GC/MS of base modifications provided similar results with the gill. The biomarkers described are highly promising for identifying contaminant-induced stresses in fish populations from polluted and reference sites and, in addition, for monitoring the progress of remedial actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C Malins
- Biochemical Oncology Program, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA.
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