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Luong NN, Ha HTT, Huy NX, Loi BV, Van NH, Quang HT, Loc NH. Characterizing the Phan Rang Sheep: A First Look at the Y Chromosome, Mitochondrial DNA, and Morphometrics. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2020. [PMID: 39061482 PMCID: PMC11274324 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Phan Rang sheep, considered the sole indigenous breed of Vietnam, are primarily concentrated in the two central provinces of Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan, with Ninh Thuan accounting for more than 90% of the country's sheep population. These provinces are known for their high temperatures and frequent droughts. The long-standing presence of the Phan Rang sheep in these regions suggests their potential resilience to heat stress-a trait of increasing interest in the face of global climate change. Despite the breed's significance, a critical knowledge gap hinders conservation and breeding programs. To address this, our study employed a two-pronged approach. First, we collected body conformational data to aid in breed identification. Second, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (D-loop) and Y chromosome markers (SRY and SRYM18) to elucidate the maternal and paternal lineages. Among the 68 Phan Rang sheep analyzed for their D-loop, 19 belonged to mitochondrial haplogroup A, while 49 belonged to haplogroup B. The haplogroups can be subdivided into 16 unique haplotypes. All 19 rams surveyed for their paternal lineages belonged to haplotypes H5 and H6. These findings strongly support the hypothesis of dual origins for the Phan Rang sheep. This study presents the first genetic data for the Phan Rang breed, providing crucial insights for future research and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ngoc Luong
- College of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Thi Thu Ha
- College of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Huy
- Department of Science, Technology and International Relations, Hue University, 4 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Biology, University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Bui Van Loi
- Presidential Board, Hue University, 3 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen Huu Van
- University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, 102 Phung Hung, Hue 530000, Vietnam;
| | - Hoang Tan Quang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Tinh Lo 10, Phu Thuong, Phu Vang 536801, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen Hoang Loc
- College of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue, Hue 530000, Vietnam
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Güere ME, Våge J, Tharaldsen H, Kvie KS, Bårdsen BJ, Benestad SL, Vikøren T, Madslien K, Rolandsen CM, Tranulis MA, Røed KH. Chronic wasting disease in Norway-A survey of prion protein gene variation among cervids. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e20-e31. [PMID: 34346562 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility of cervids to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), a prion disease, can be modulated by variations in the prion protein gene (PRNP), encoding the cellular prion protein (PrPC ). In prion diseases, PrPC is conformationally converted to pathogenic conformers (PrPSc ), aggregates of which comprise infectious prions. CWD has recently been observed in its contagious form in Norwegian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and in novel, potentially sporadic forms, here called 'atypical CWD', in moose (Alces alces) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). To estimate relative susceptibility of different Norwegian cervid species to CWD, their non-synonymous PRNP variants were analyzed. In reindeer, seven PRNP alleles were observed and in red deer and moose two alleles were present, whereas roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) PRNP was monomorphic. One 'archetypal' PRNP allele associated with susceptibility was common to all four cervid species. The distribution of PRNP alleles differed between wild and semi-domesticated reindeer, with alleles associated with a high susceptibility occurring, on average, above 55% in wild reindeer and below 20% in semi-domesticated reindeer. This difference may reflect the diverse origins of the populations and/or selection processes during domestication and breeding. Overall, PRNP genetic data indicate considerable susceptibility to CWD among Norwegian cervids and suggest that PRNP homozygosity may be a risk factor for the atypical CWD observed in moose. The CWD isolates found in the Norwegian cervid species differ from those previously found in Canada and USA. Our study provides an overview of the PRNP genetics in populations exposed to these emerging strains that will provide a basis for understanding these strains' dynamics in relation to PRNP variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Evelyn Güere
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jørn Våge
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Ås, Norway
| | - Helene Tharaldsen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Kjersti Sternang Kvie
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Bård-Jørgen Bårdsen
- Arctic Ecology Department, Fram Centre, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Turid Vikøren
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Madslien
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Ås, Norway
| | - Christer Moe Rolandsen
- Terrestrial Ecology Department, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael Andreas Tranulis
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Håkon Røed
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Røed KH, Kvie KS, Bårdsen B, Laaksonen S, Lohi H, Kumpula J, Aronsson K, Åhman B, Våge J, Holand Ø. Historical and social–cultural processes as drivers for genetic structure in Nordic domestic reindeer. Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Knut H. Røed
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Jouko Kumpula
- Natural Research Institute Finland Rovaniemi Finland
| | | | - Birgitta Åhman
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jørn Våge
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute Oslo Norway
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Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) in southern India. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1255-1268. [PMID: 33555530 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) is a threatened species endemic to the Indian subcontinent. Many populations of blackbuck are found in southern India. Populations of blackbuck are negatively affected in many places for various reasons, such as habitat destruction and poaching. Their range decreased sharply during the 20th century. There is very limited information available on the population dynamics of blackbuck in southern India. For the phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses of blackbuck populations among different distribution ranges in southern India, we sequenced mt DNA of cytochrome b (Cyt b) for 120, cytochrome c oxidase subunit-1 (COI) for 137 and the control region (CR) for 137 fecal pellets from eleven different locations in southern India. We analyzed the genetic structure of three mitochondrial markers, the CR, Cyt b and the COI region, separately and in a combined dataset. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of CR were 0.969 and 0.047, respectively, and were higher than those of Cyt b and COI. A Bayesian phylogeny and an MJ network based on the CR and combined dataset (105 sequences) signified several distinct haplotype clusters within blackbuck, whereas no clusters were identified with the Cyt b and COI phylogenetic analyses. The analysis of molecular variance of the combined data set revealed 52.46% genetic variation within the population. Mismatch distribution analysis revealed that blackbuck populations underwent complex changes with analysis of the combined dataset in each population and analysis of each marker separately in the overall population. The results provide evidence that blackbuck in different geographic locations has a distinct population structure due to habitat fragmentation after the formation of the Western and Eastern Ghats.
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Artyushin IV, Konorov EA, Kurbakov KA, Stolpovsky YA. Primer System for Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vasilchenko AA, Kholodova MV, Baranova AI, Naidenko SV, Rozhnov VV. Genetic Specificity of the Siberian Forest Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus valentinae Flerov, 1932) of the Kuznetsk Alatau. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2020; 494:255-259. [PMID: 33083885 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496620050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study to show the genetic identity of the Altai-Sayan population of the forest reindeer of the Kuznetsk Alatau (Rangifer tarandus valentinae). The population is characterized by the existence of unique mitochondrial lines, the absence of signs of introgression of domestic rein deer mtDNA, as well as a low level of genetic diversity. In the sample studied, only two nucleotide substitutions (both of them transitions) were revealed, the nucleotide diversity (0.0015 ± 0.00136) was almost ten times lower than in most populations of wild reindeer in Russia and was comparable only with that of some wild reindeer populations of Norway and Svalbard. The haplotype diversity (h) was also relatively low (0.615 ± 0.102).
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Vasilchenko
- Kuznetsk Alatau State Nature Reserve, 652870, Mezhdurechensk, Russia
| | - M V Kholodova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Baranova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Naidenko
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Rozhnov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia.
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Røed KH, Kvie KS, Losey RJ, Kosintsev PA, Hufthammer AK, Dwyer MJ, Goncharov V, Klokov KB, Arzyutov DV, Plekhanov A, Anderson DG. Temporal and structural genetic variation in reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus) associated with the pastoral transition in Northwestern Siberia. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9060-9072. [PMID: 32953046 PMCID: PMC7487228 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Just as the domestication of livestock is often cited as a key element in the Neolithic transition to settled, the emergence of large-scaled reindeer husbandry was a fundamental social transformation for the indigenous peoples of Arctic Eurasia. To better understand the history of reindeer domestication, and the genetic processes associated with the pastoral transition in the Eurasian Arctic, we analyzed archaeological and contemporary reindeer samples from Northwestern Siberia. The material represents Rangifer genealogies spanning from 15,000 years ago to the 18th century, as well as modern samples from the wild Taĭmyr population and from domestic herds managed by Nenetses. The wild and the domestic population are the largest populations of their kind in Northern Eurasia, and some Nenetses hold their domestic reindeer beside their wild cousins. Our analyses of 197 modern and 223 ancient mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed two genetic clusters, which are interpreted as representing the gene pools of contemporary domestic and past wild reindeer. Among a total of 137 different mitochondrial haplotypes identified in both the modern and archaeological samples, only 21 were detected in the modern domestic gene pool, while 11 of these were absent from the wild gene pool. The significant temporal genetic shift that we associate with the pastoral transition suggests that the emergence and spread of reindeer pastoralism in Northwestern Siberia originated with the translocation and subsequent selective breeding of a special type of animal from outside the region. The distinct and persistent domestic characteristics of the haplotype structure since the 18th century suggests little genetic exchange since then. The absence of the typical domestic clade in modern nearby wild populations suggests that the contemporary Nenets domestic breed feature an ancestry from outside its present main distribution, possibly from further South.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pavel A. Kosintsev
- Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesInstitute of Plant and Animal EcologyYekaterinburgRussia
| | - Anne K. Hufthammer
- Department of Natural HistoryThe University MuseumUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Vasiliy Goncharov
- Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and Ecology of ArcticNorilskRussia
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Weldenegodguad M, Pokharel K, Ming Y, Honkatukia M, Peippo J, Reilas T, Røed KH, Kantanen J. Genome sequence and comparative analysis of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in northern Eurasia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8980. [PMID: 32488117 PMCID: PMC7265531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reindeer are semi-domesticated ruminants that have adapted to the challenging northern Eurasian environment characterized by long winters and marked annual fluctuations in daylight. We explored the genetic makeup behind their unique characteristics by de novo sequencing the genome of a male reindeer and conducted gene family analyses with nine other mammalian species. We performed a population genomics study of 23 additional reindeer representing both domestic and wild populations and several ecotypes from various geographic locations. We assembled 2.66 Gb (N50 scaffold of 5 Mb) of the estimated 2.92 Gb reindeer genome, comprising 27,332 genes. The results from the demographic history analysis suggested marked changes in the effective population size of reindeer during the Pleistocene period. We detected 160 reindeer-specific and expanded genes, of which zinc finger proteins (n = 42) and olfactory receptors (n = 13) were the most abundant. Comparative genome analyses revealed several genes that may have promoted the adaptation of reindeer, such as those involved in recombination and speciation (PRDM9), vitamin D metabolism (TRPV5, TRPV6), retinal development (PRDM1, OPN4B), circadian rhythm (GRIA1), immunity (CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR4, IFNW1), tolerance to cold-triggered pain (SCN11A) and antler development (SILT2). The majority of these characteristic reindeer genes have been reported for the first time here. Moreover, our population genomics analysis suggested at least two independent reindeer domestication events with genetic lineages originating from different refugial regions after the Last Glacial Maximum. Taken together, our study has provided new insights into the domestication, evolution and adaptation of reindeer and has promoted novel genomic research of reindeer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melak Weldenegodguad
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70201, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kisun Pokharel
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Yao Ming
- BGI-Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Mervi Honkatukia
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
- Nordic Genetic Resource Centre - NordGen, c/o NMBU - Biovit Box 5003, Ås, NO-1432, Norway
| | - Jaana Peippo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Tiina Reilas
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Knut H Røed
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O.Box 369 Centrum, 0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Juha Kantanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland.
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Ju Y, Liu H, He J, Wang L, Xu J, Liu H, Dong Y, Zhang R, Zhao P, Xing X. Genetic diversity of Aoluguya Reindeer based on D-loop region of mtDNA and its conservation implications. Gene 2019; 733:144271. [PMID: 31809841 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aoluguya Reindeer is the only reindeer population in China. In recent years, habitat loss and inbreeding have led to population decline, and population growth has been slow, maintaining a thousand or so. To better protect the Aoluguya Reindeer and improve its fecundity, we have introduced reindeer from Finland, crossbreeding help us to reach this goal. However, it is lacking in the study of genetic diversity of reindeer in China and Finland. Therefore, we used the partial sequences of the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA to analyze the genetic diversity of Chinese reindeer (Aoluguya Reindeer) and the introduced Finnish reindeer, and identified twenty-six haplotypes, including nineteen in China, five in Finland, and two in Russia. There is no shared haplotype among them. The nucleotide diversity of Aoluguya Reindeer is 0.00752, which is significantly lower than that of reindeer in Finland and other countries. The haplotype and phylogenetic analysis show that reindeer from different geographical origins are not clustered completely according to geographical distribution. Aoluguya Reindeer populations and the introduced reindeer herds from Finland are all closely related to the reindeer from Russia. AMOVA analysis showed that there was significant differentiation between reindeer populations in China and Finland, and mismatch analysis showed that both populations had not experienced expansion. In this study, we identified the genetic diversity of Aoluguya Reindeer and the introduced reindeer, and provided a scientific basis for the conservation and breeding of Aoluguya Reindeer resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ju
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Huamiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Jinming He
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China; Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Jiaping Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Huitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yimeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China.
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Kvie KS, Heggenes J, Bårdsen BJ, Røed KH. Recent large-scale landscape changes, genetic drift and reintroductions characterize the genetic structure of Norwegian wild reindeer. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLandscape changes, such as habitat loss and fragmentation, subdivide wild populations, reduce their size, and limit gene flow. These changes may further lead to depletion of genetic variation within populations as well as accelerating differentiation among populations. As a migratory species requiring large living areas, wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is highly vulnerable to human activity. The number and continued presence of wild reindeer have been significantly reduced due to accelerating anthropogenic habitat modifications, as well as displacement in benefit of domesticated herds of the species. As a basis for future management strategies we assess genetic structure and levels of genetic variation in Norwegian wild reindeer by analysing 12 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial control region in 21 management units with varying population sizes. Overall, both markers showed highly varying levels of genetic variation, with reduced variation in the smaller and more isolated populations. The microsatellite data indicated a relationship between population size and genetic variation. This relationship was positive and linear until a threshold for population size was reached at approximately 1500 reindeer. We found high levels of differentiation among most populations, indicating low levels of gene flow, but only a weak correlation between geographic and genetic distances. Our results imply that the genetic structure of Norwegian wild reindeer is mainly driven by recent colonization history, population size, as well as human-induced landscape fragmentation, restricting gene flow and leading to high levels of genetic drift. To sustain viable populations, conservation strategies should focus on genetic connectivity between populations.
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11
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Horn RL, Marques AJD, Manseau M, Golding B, Klütsch CFC, Abraham K, Wilson PJ. Parallel evolution of site-specific changes in divergent caribou lineages. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6053-6064. [PMID: 29988428 PMCID: PMC6024114 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The parallel evolution of phenotypes or traits within or between species provides important insight into the basic mechanisms of evolution. Genetic and genomic advances have allowed investigations into the genetic underpinnings of parallel evolution and the independent evolution of similar traits in sympatric species. Parallel evolution may best be exemplified among species where multiple genetic lineages, descended from a common ancestor, colonized analogous environmental niches, and converged on a genotypic or phenotypic trait. Modern North American caribou (Rangifer tarandus) originated from three ancestral sources separated during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM): the Beringian-Eurasian lineage (BEL), the North American lineage (NAL), and the High Arctic lineage (HAL). Historical introgression between the NAL and the BEL has been found throughout Ontario and eastern Manitoba. In this study, we first characterized the functional differentiation in the cytochrome-b (cytB) gene by identifying nonsynonymous changes. Second, the caribou lineages were used as a direct means to assess site-specific parallel changes among lineages. There was greater functional diversity within the NAL despite the BEL having greater neutral diversity. The patterns of amino acid substitutions occurring within different lineages supported the parallel evolution of cytB amino acid substitutions suggesting different selective pressures among lineages. This study highlights the independent evolution of identical amino acid substitutions within a wide-ranging mammal species that have diversified from different ancestral haplogroups and where ecological niches can invoke parallel evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Micheline Manseau
- Science and TechnologyEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaONCanada
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Brian Golding
- Department of BiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
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12
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Gippoliti S, Robovský J. Lorenzo Camerano (1856–1917) and his contribution to large mammal phylogeny and taxonomy, with particular reference to the genera Capra, Rupicapra and Rangifer. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Kvie KS, Heggenes J, Anderson DG, Kholodova MV, Sipko T, Mizin I, Røed KH. Colonizing the High Arctic: Mitochondrial DNA Reveals Common Origin of Eurasian Archipelagic Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165237. [PMID: 27880778 PMCID: PMC5120779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of current debates on global climate change it has become important to know more on how large, roaming species have responded to environmental change in the past. Using the highly variable mitochondrial control region, we revisit theories of Rangifer colonization and propose that the High Arctic archipelagos of Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, and Novaia Zemlia were colonized by reindeer from the Eurasian mainland after the last glacial maximum. Comparing mtDNA control region sequences from the three Arctic archipelagos showed a strong genetic connection between the populations, supporting a common origin in the past. A genetic connection between the three archipelagos and two Russian mainland populations was also found, suggesting colonization of the Eurasian high Arctic archipelagos from the Eurasian mainland. The age of the Franz Josef Land material (>2000 years before present) implies that Arctic indigenous reindeer colonized the Eurasian Arctic archipelagos through natural dispersal, before humans approached this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti S Kvie
- Department of Environmental Studies, University College of Southeast Norway, Bø in Telemark, Norway.,Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Heggenes
- Department of Environmental Studies, University College of Southeast Norway, Bø in Telemark, Norway
| | - David G Anderson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | | | - Taras Sipko
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Mizin
- Russian Arctic National Park, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Knut H Røed
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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