1
|
Medo A, Ohte N, Doi H, Kamdee K, Koba K, Arai N, Mitsunaga Y, Kume M, Kojima D, Nose T, Yokoyama A, Viputhanumas T, Mitamura H. Trophic niche partitioning and intraspecific variation in food resource use in the genus Pangasianodon in a reservoir revealed by stable isotope analysis of multiple tissues. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38880940 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism by which non-native fish species integrate into native communities is crucial for evaluating the possibility of their establishment success. The genus Pangasianodon, comprising Pangasianodon gigas and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, has been introduced into reservoirs, which are non-native habitats, for fishery stock enhancement. P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus often successfully establish and co-occur in several Thai reservoirs, but there is little information on differences in food resource use between the two species. To investigate the trophic niche width of P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus in a Thai reservoir, we conducted stable carbon and nitrogen ratio (δ13C and δ15N) analyses. We examined the degree of individual specialization in both species using the δ13C and δ15N values of muscle and liver tissues, which provides long- and short-term diet information. The isotopic niches did not overlap between P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus. The δ15N value of P. gigas was significantly higher than that of P. hypophthalmus, whereas the δ13C value did not significantly differ between the two species. The isotopic niche sizes were larger in P. hypophthalmus than in P. gigas. Individual specialization was observed in P. hypophthalmus but not in P. gigas, indicating that intraspecific variation in food resource use was larger in P. hypophthalmus compared to P. gigas. These findings suggest that trophic niche partitioning was one of the factors facilitating the establishment success of P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus in a reservoir, but the establishment process may differ between the two species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Medo
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Ohte
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Doi
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Arai
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Kume
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nose
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Thavee Viputhanumas
- Inland Aquaculture Research and Development Division, Department of Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiromichi Mitamura
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Britton JR, Cucherousset J, Dominguez Almela V. Novel trophic subsidies from recreational angling transform the trophic ecology of freshwater fishes. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth University Dorset United Kingdom
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier; UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique) Toulouse France
| | - Victoria Dominguez Almela
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth University Dorset United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fisheries Management of the European Catfish Silurus glanis Is Strongly Correlated to the Management of Non-Native Fish Species (Common Carp Cyprinus carpio, Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella). SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intensive multi-species fish stocking management is a popular yield enhancement tool that supposedly leads to elevated yields in recreational angling. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between fisheries management of an apex predator and its putative prey. The GAM (generalized additive model) was used to analyze the relationships between the yields and the stocking intensities of European catfish and non-native fish species. The fish yields and stocking intensities were obtained from mandatory angling logbooks collected from 38,000 individual recreational anglers by the Czech Fishing Union on 176 fishing sites during the years 2005–2017 in central Bohemia and Prague (the Czech Republic). Our results show that the stocking intensities of the targeted species positively correlated to their yields. However, intensive catfish stocking negatively correlated to the yields of the non-native fishes. Other factors that were strongly correlated to the yields include the angling effort, size of a fishery, and yield of catfish. In conclusion, a significant relationship is found between the fisheries management of a predator and its putative prey. The results suggest that catfish should not be intensively stocked in the same rivers as non-native fishes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Roy K, Podhorec P, Dvorak P, Mraz J. Understanding Nutrition and Metabolism of Threatened, Data-Poor Rheophilic Fishes in Context of Riverine Stocking Success- Barbel as a Model for Major European Drainages? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1245. [PMID: 34943160 PMCID: PMC8698400 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Large-bodied, river-migrating, rheophilic fishes (cyprinids) such as barbel Barbus barbus, nase Chondrostoma nasus, asp Leuciscus aspius, and vimba bream Vimba vimba are threatened in major European drainages. This represents the subject of our present study. Their hatchery nutrition prior to river-release is mostly on a hit-and-trial or carp-based diet basis. The study demonstrates an alternative approach to decide optimum nutrition for these conservation-priority and nutritionally data-poor fishes. The study revealed barbel as a central representative species in terms of wild body composition among other native rheophilic cyprinids considered (asp, nase, vimba bream). Taking barbel as a model, the study shows that barbel or rheophilic cyprinids may have carnivorous-like metabolism and higher requirements of S-containing, aromatic, branched-chain amino acids (AAs) than carps. Besides, there are important interactions of AAs and fatty acids (FAs) biosynthesis to consider. Only proper feeding of nutritionally well-selected diets may contribute to river stocking mandates such as steepest growth trajectory (≈less time in captivity), ideal size-at-release, body fitness (≈blend-in with wild conspecifics, predator refuge), better gastrointestinal condition, maximized body reserves of functional nutrients, and retention efficiencies (≈uncompromised physiology). Considering important physiological functions and how AA-FA interactions shape them, hatchery-raised fishes on casually chosen diets may have high chances of physiological, morphological, and behavioral deficits (≈low post-stocking survivability). Based on the observations, optimum nutrient requirements of juvenile (0+ to 1+ age) barbels are suggested. Future efforts may consider barbels as a nutrition model for conservation aquaculture of threatened and data poor rheophilic cyprinids of the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Mraz
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (K.R.); (P.P.); (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morissette O, Sirois P, Wilson CC, Laporte M, Bernatchez L. The role of ecotype-environment interactions in intraspecific trophic niche partitioning subsequent to stocking. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01857. [PMID: 30680837 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, stocking of fish represents a valuable tool for conservation and maintenance of species exploited by recreational fishing. Releases of hatchery-reared fish are more and more recognized to have numerous demographic, ecological, and genetic impacts on wild populations. However, consequences on intraspecific trophic relationships have rarely been investigated. In this study, we assessed the impacts of supplementation stocking and resulting introgressive hybridization on the trophic niches occupied by stocked, local, and hybrid lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) within populations of piscivorous and planktivorous ecotypes stocked from a wild piscivorous source population. We compared trophic niches using stable isotope analysis (δ13 C and δ15 N) and trophic position among the three genetic origins. Putative genetic effects were tested with phenotype-genotype association of "life history" ecological traits (body size, growth rate, condition index, and trophic niche) and genotypes (RADseq SNP markers) using redundant discriminant analysis (RDA). Results showed that sympatry resulting from the stocking of contrasting ecotypes is a risk factor for niche partitioning. Planktivorous populations are more susceptible to niche partitioning, by competitive exclusion of the local fish from a littoral niche to an alternative pelagic/profundal niche. Observed niche partitioning is probably a manifestation of competitive interactions between ecotypes. Our results emphasize that ecotypic variation should be considered for more efficient management and conservation practices and in order to mitigate negative impact of supplementation stocking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Morissette
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V0A6, Canada
- Chaire de recherche sur les espèces aquatiques exploitées, Laboratoire des sciences aquatiques, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, G7H2B1, Canada
| | - P Sirois
- Chaire de recherche sur les espèces aquatiques exploitées, Laboratoire des sciences aquatiques, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, G7H2B1, Canada
| | - C C Wilson
- Aquatic Research and Development Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J3C7, Canada
| | - M Laporte
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V0A6, Canada
| | - L Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Trophic consequences of an invasive, small-bodied non-native fish, sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus, for native pond fishes. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Lunghi E, Cianferoni F, Ceccolini F, Veith M, Manenti R, Mancinelli G, Corti C, Ficetola GF. What shapes the trophic niche of European plethodontid salamanders? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205672. [PMID: 30335776 PMCID: PMC6193653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The trophic niche is a life trait that identifies the consumer's position in a local food web. Several factors, such as ontogeny, competitive ability and resource availability contribute in shaping species trophic niches. To date, information on the diet of European Hydromantes salamanders are only available for a limited number of species, no dietary studies have involved more than one species of the genus at a time, and there are limited evidences on how multiple factors interact in determining diet variation. In this study we examined the diet of multiple populations of six out of the eight European cave salamanders, providing the first data on the diet for five of them. In addition, we assessed whether these closely related generalist species show similar diet and, for each species, we tested whether season, age class or sex influence the number and the type of prey consumed. Stomach condition (empty/full) and the number of prey consumed were strongly related to seasonality and to the activity level of individuals. Empty stomachs were more frequent in autumn, in individuals far from cave entrance and in juveniles. Diet composition was significantly different among species. Hydromantes imperialis and H. supramontis were the most generalist species; H. flavus and H. sarrabusensis fed mostly on Hymenoptera and Coleoptera Staphylinidae, while H. genei and H. ambrosii mostly consumed Arachnida and Endopterygota larvae. Furthermore, we detected seasonal shifts of diet in the majority of the species examined. Conversely, within each species, we did not find diet differences between females, males and juveniles. Although being assumed to have very similar dietary habits, here Hydromantes species were shown to be characterized by a high divergence in diet composition and in the stomach condition of individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Lunghi
- Department of Biogeography, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Firenze, Italy
- Natural Oasis, Prato, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabio Cianferoni
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Firenze, Italy
- CNR-IBAF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Monterotondo, Roma, Italy
| | - Filippo Ceccolini
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Firenze, Italy
| | - Michael Veith
- Department of Biogeography, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Raoul Manenti
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mancinelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Claudia Corti
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Firenze, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lunghi E, Cianferoni F, Ceccolini F, Mulargia M, Cogoni R, Barzaghi B, Cornago L, Avitabile D, Veith M, Manenti R, Ficetola GF, Corti C. Field-recorded data on the diet of six species of European Hydromantes cave salamanders. Sci Data 2018; 5:180083. [PMID: 29762556 PMCID: PMC5952864 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of data on the feeding habits of species of conservation value may be of great importance to develop analyses for both scientific and management purposes. Stomach flushing is a harmless technique that allowed us to collect extensive data on the feeding habits of six Hydromantes species. Here, we present two datasets originating from a three-year study performed in multiple seasons (spring and autumn) on 19 different populations of cave salamanders. The first dataset contains data of the stomach content of 1,250 salamanders, where 6,010 items were recognized; the second one reports the size of the intact prey items found in the stomachs. These datasets integrate considerably data already available on the diet of the European plethodontid salamanders, being also of potential use for large scale meta-analyses on amphibian diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Lunghi
- Universität Trier Fachbereich VI Raum-und Umweltwissenschaften, Biogeographie, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany.,Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italia.,Natural Oasis, Via di Galceti 141, 59100 Prato, Italia
| | - Fabio Cianferoni
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italia.,CNR-IBAF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo (Roma), Italia
| | - Filippo Ceccolini
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italia
| | | | - Roberto Cogoni
- Unione Speleologica Cagliaritana, Via A. Scarlatti, 11, 09045 Quartu Sant'Elena (CA), Italia
| | - Benedetta Barzaghi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 20, 20133 Milano, Italia
| | - Lorenzo Cornago
- Università degli Studi di Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Avitabile
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 20, 20133 Milano, Italia
| | - Michael Veith
- Universität Trier Fachbereich VI Raum-und Umweltwissenschaften, Biogeographie, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | - Raoul Manenti
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 20, 20133 Milano, Italia
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 20, 20133 Milano, Italia.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Claudia Corti
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Britton JR, Ruiz‐Navarro A, Verreycken H, Amat‐Trigo F, Trullas SC. Trophic consequences of introduced species: Comparative impacts of increased interspecific versus intraspecific competitive interactions. Funct Ecol 2018; 32:486-495. [PMID: 29576673 PMCID: PMC5856055 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species can cause substantial ecological impacts on native biodiversity. While ecological theory attempts to explain the processes involved in the trophic integration of invaders into native food webs and their competitive impacts on resident species, results are equivocal. In addition, quantifying the relative strength of impacts from non-native species (interspecific competition) versus the release of native conspecifics (intraspecific competition) is important but rarely completed.Two model non-native fishes, the globally invasive Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus, and the model native fish Tinca tinca, were used in a pond experiment to test how increased intra- and interspecific competition influenced trophic niches and somatic growth rates. This was complemented by samples collected from three natural fish communities where the model fishes were present. The isotopic niche, calculated using stable isotope data, represented the trophic niche.The pond experiment used additive and substitutive treatments to quantify the trophic niche variation that resulted from intra- and interspecific competitive interactions. Although the trophic niche sizes of the model species were not significantly altered by any competitive treatment, they all resulted in patterns of interspecific niche divergence. Increased interspecific competition caused the trophic niche of T. tinca to shift to a significantly higher trophic position, whereas intraspecific competition caused its position to shift towards elevated δ13C. These patterns were independent of impacts on fish growth rates, which were only significantly altered when interspecific competition was elevated.In the natural fish communities, patterns of trophic niche partitioning between the model fishes was evident, with no niche sharing. Comparison of these results with those of the experiment revealed the most similar results between the two approaches were for the niche partitioning between sympatric T. tinca and C. carpio.These results indicate that trophic niche divergence facilitates the integration of introduced species into food webs, but there are differences in how this manifests between introductions that increase inter- and intraspecific competition. In entirety, these results suggest that the initial ecological response to an introduction appears to be a trophic re-organisation of the food web that minimises the trophic interactions between competing species. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hugo Verreycken
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Fatima Amat‐Trigo
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityPooleUK
- Departmento de Zoología y Antropología FísicaUniversidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Calizza E, Costantini ML, Careddu G, Rossi L. Effect of habitat degradation on competition, carrying capacity, and species assemblage stability. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5784-5796. [PMID: 28811883 PMCID: PMC5552933 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in species’ trophic niches due to habitat degradation can affect intra‐ and interspecific competition, with implications for biodiversity persistence. Difficulties of measuring species’ interactions in the field limit our comprehension of competition outcomes along disturbance gradients. Thus, information on how habitat degradation can destabilize food webs is scarce, hindering predictions regarding responses of multispecies systems to environmental changes. Seagrass ecosystems are undergoing degradation. We address effects of Posidonia oceanica coverage reduction on the trophic organization of a macroinvertebrate community in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy), hypothesizing increased trophic generalism, niche overlap among species and thus competition and decreased community stability due to degraded conditions. Census data, isotopic analysis, and Bayesian mixing models were used to quantify the trophic niches of three abundant invertebrate species, and intra‐ and interspecific isotopic and resource‐use similarity across locations differing in seagrass coverage. This allowed the computation of (1) competition strength, with respect to each other and remaining less abundant species and (2) habitat carrying capacity. To explore effects of the spatial scale on the interactions, we considered both individual locations and the entire study area (“‘meadow scale”). We observed that community stability and habitat carrying capacity decreased as P. oceanica coverage declined, whereas niche width, similarity of resource use and interspecific competition strength between species increased. Competition was stronger, and stability lower, at the meadow scale than at the location scale. Indirect effects of competition and the spatial compartmentalization of species interactions increased stability. Results emphasized the importance of trophic niche modifications for understanding effects of habitat loss on biodiversity persistence. Calculation of competition coefficients based on isotopic distances is a promising tool for describing competitive interactions in real communities, potentially extendible to any subset of ecological niche axes for which specimens’ positions and pairwise distances can be obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Calizza
- Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy.,CoNISMa Rome Italy
| | | | - Giulio Careddu
- Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Loreto Rossi
- Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy.,CoNISMa Rome Italy
| |
Collapse
|