1
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Esposito A, Denys GPJ, Foata J, Quilichini Y. Unclear host taxonomy hinders parasite studies: An up-to-date checklist of the protozoan and metazoan parasites of Phoxinus minnows (Teleostei: Leuciscidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39126261 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Phoxinus minnows are small freshwater fish found throughout Eurasia. The taxonomy of this genus is still under investigation, and new species are regularly described. They are frequently introduced outside their native range due to their use as live bait for angling, and such fish introductions can have diverse impacts on the recipient areas. Before the rise in interest regarding the diversity of this genus in the past 15 years, studies carried out on their biology and ecology reported their findings for the Eurasian minnow Phoxinus phoxinus Linnaeus, 1758, which was then considered ubiquitous. A parasites checklist for Phoxinus minnows has yet to be published, and the recent progress on the taxonomy of this genus has enabled us to propose a reassignment of parasite records to their proper host. The most thoroughly studied potential species were the North European species Phoxinus sp. 7 sensu Palandačić et al. 2017, Phoxinus isetensis, and P. phoxinus. We were able to highlight a gap in knowledge for numerous species that have received little-to-no attention in terms of parasitology. Systematic molecular identification of Phoxinus minnows should be conducted when studying their parasites, as a reliable identification of the host is vital in parasitology research. Future research will certainly reveal a species-specific composition of the parasitofauna occurring in Phoxinus, especially among widespread parasites such as Gyrodactylus and Diplostomum. Such specificities could even become tools for assessing the introduction routes of Phoxinus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Esposito
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Sciences Pour l'Environnement (UMR 6134 CNRS Université de Corse Pascal Paoli), Corte, France
| | - Gaël P J Denys
- Unité d'Appui à la Recherche Patrimoine naturel-Centre d'expertise et de données (UMS 2006 OFB-CNRS-MNHN-IRD), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire CP 41, Paris, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA 8067-MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA), Paris, France
| | - Joséphine Foata
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Sciences Pour l'Environnement (UMR 6134 CNRS Université de Corse Pascal Paoli), Corte, France
| | - Yann Quilichini
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Sciences Pour l'Environnement (UMR 6134 CNRS Université de Corse Pascal Paoli), Corte, France
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2
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Palandačić A, Diripasko OA, Kirchner S, Stefanov T, Bogutskaya NG. An integrative approach highlights the discrepancy in the genetic, phenotypic, and presumptive taxonomic structure of Phoxinus (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae, Phoxininae) in Bulgaria. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:214-238. [PMID: 38711300 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The present drainage network of Bulgaria is the result of a complex Neogene and Quaternary evolution. Karst, which has developed on 23% of the territory, further complicates the hydrological pattern. Fresh waters of Bulgaria drain into the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea basins and can be roughly divided into the Danube (Middle and Lower Danube), non-Danube Black Sea, East Aegean, and West Aegean hydrological regions. Phoxinus, a small leuciscid fish, has a mosaic distribution in all four of these regions, inhabiting small mountainous and semi-mountainous streams. Based on morphology, it was identified as three species, Phoxinus phoxinus in the Danube, Phoxinus strandjae in the non-Danube, and Phoxinus strymonicus in West Aegean region. Later, molecular data revealed Phoxinus csikii and Phoxinus lumaireul in the Middle Danube and P. csikii in the Lower Danube. Phoxinus has been the focus of many studies, showing a high molecular and morphological diversity, which is not entirely consistent with previous morphology-only-based taxonomic concepts. In this study, molecular (a mitochondrial marker and a nuclear marker) and morphological data from both historical and recently sampled collections were analysed to assess the applicability of the integrative approach in Phoxinus. The results showed a significant influence of the complex paleo- and recent hydrology on the currently observed genetic structure of the considered populations and species. Furthermore, the study also demonstrated a strong influence of phenotypic plasticity on the morphological analysis of Phoxinus and the lack of a clear differentiation between P. csikii and P. strandjae. A barcoded specimen was designated as neotype to fix the species named P. strandjae in the current taxonomic concept. Finally, a significant discordance between genetically delimited clades and phenotypic groups did not allow a proper delineation of the species distributed in Bulgaria, demonstrating that more molecular markers are needed for further taxonomic study of the Phoxinus complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Palandačić
- First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Sandra Kirchner
- First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nina G Bogutskaya
- First Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- BIOTA j d.o.o., Ponikva, Slovenia
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3
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Hetzel C, Forsythe P. Phenotypic plasticity of a generalist fish species resident to lotic environments: Insights from the Great Lakes region. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10715. [PMID: 38020680 PMCID: PMC10660395 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish morphology is incredibly plastic and local/resident morphology can be influenced by factors including habitat, predation, resource availability, and water velocity. Through analysis of body shape using geometric morphometrics, we describe the degree of phenotypic plasticity within a generalist fish species resident to low-order tributaries of Green Bay and Lake Michigan. We predicted that isolated populations of creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) would display plastic responses in body shape due to differences in selective pressures imposed by stream environments. We show that body shape of creek chub was significantly different between streams which are considered to be isolated populations, and while we expected body shape variation to remain constant between study years, we found that shape was not fixed and changed over time in the same manner among focal streams. The diversity of creek chub diet and degree of agricultural land use in the watershed were significant predictors of body morphology. The effect of resource availability and land use within the watershed demonstrates how selective pressures influence phenotypes at the population level. Our study provides insight into morphological changes of stream fish populations, which may be important in the context of changing ecosystems and novel conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hetzel
- Department of Natural and Applied SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐Green BayGreen BayWisconsinUSA
| | - Patrick Forsythe
- Department of Natural and Applied SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐Green BayGreen BayWisconsinUSA
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4
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Turan D, Bayçelebi E, Özuluğ M, Gaygusuz Ö, Aksu İ. Phoxinus abanticus, a new species from the Lake Abant drainage in Türkiye (Teleostei: Leuciscidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:1157-1167. [PMID: 36942438 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phoxinus abanticus, a new species, is described from the Lake Abant basin. It is distinguished from Phoxinus species in Türkiye and adjacent waters by the presence of fewer lateral line scales (60-69, vs. 75-91 in Phoxinus colchicus, 75-90 in Phoxinus strandjae); a deeper caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth: 1.8-2.3 times in length, vs. 2.4-2.9 in P. colchicus; 2.5-3.2 in P. strandjae); the absence of scales in the breast of males (vs. present); and ventral body reddish in nuptial colouration pattern for male (vs. brackish). The new species, P. abanticus, is also distinguished from its closest relative, P. strandjae, by a minimum of 3.40% genetic distance in the mtDNA cytochrome b (cyt b) gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davut Turan
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Esra Bayçelebi
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Müfit Özuluğ
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Özcan Gaygusuz
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - İsmail Aksu
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Türkiye
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5
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Caputo Barucchi V, Marconi M, Splendiani A, Casari S, Girardi M, Gandolfi A. Mitochondrial DNA suggests uniqueness of an isolated population of the Italian minnow ( Phoxinus lumaireul Schinz, 1840) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in central Apennines (Italy). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2079738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Caputo Barucchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M. Marconi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - A. Splendiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - S. Casari
- Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele a/Adige (TN), Italy
| | - M. Girardi
- Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele a/Adige (TN), Italy
| | - A. Gandolfi
- Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele a/Adige (TN), Italy
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Vucić M, Jelić M, Klobučar G, Jelić D, Gan HM, Austin C, Guyonnet D, Giraud I, Becking T, Grandjean F. A new set of microsatellite markers for Phoxinus lumaireul senso lato, Phoxinus marsilii and Phoxinus krkae for population and molecular taxonomic studies. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1225-1234. [PMID: 36054289 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Minnows of the genus Phoxinus are common and an often highly abundant fish species in Palearctic freshwater habitats. Phoxinus species have a complex evolutionary history, phylogenetic relationships are not well understood and there are a number of unresolved taxonomic problems. There are currently 23 different mitochondrial genetic lineages identified in the genus Phoxinus, 13 of which are recognized as valid species. The taxonomic status of these lineages requires resolution, including the degree to which they can interbreed. Suitable nuclear molecular markers for studies of population divergence and interbreeding between morphotypes and mitochondrial lineages are lacking for Phoxinus species. Therefore, the authors developed a set of microsatellite markers using genomic information from Phoxinus lumaireul and tested their suitability for this and two related species, Phoxinus krkae and Phoxinus marsilii. Out of 16 microsatellite candidate loci isolated, 12 were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium when tested on two P. lumaireul senso lato populations. Seven loci amplified across the three species, enabling the study of intraspecific genetic diversity and population structure within P. marsilii and P. krkae. The markers were able to clearly resolve differences among the three tested species, including the recently described P. krkae, and are therefore suitable for the detection of introgression and hybridization among populations consisting of mixtures of two or more of P. lumaireul s. l., P. marsilii and P. krkae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vucić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mišel Jelić
- Natural History Department, Varaždin City Museum, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Göran Klobučar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dušan Jelić
- Croatian Institute for Biodiversity, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Chris Austin
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Guyonnet
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions," équipe "Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose", Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Isabelle Giraud
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions," équipe "Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose", Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Thomas Becking
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions," équipe "Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose", Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Frederic Grandjean
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions," équipe "Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose", Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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7
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Zangl L, Schäffer S, Daill D, Friedrich T, Gessl W, Mladinić M, Sturmbauer C, Wanzenböck J, Weiss SJ, Koblmüller S. A comprehensive DNA barcode inventory of Austria's fish species. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268694. [PMID: 35679240 PMCID: PMC9182252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Austria is inhabited by more than 80 species of native and non-native freshwater fishes. Despite considerable knowledge about Austrian fish species, the latest Red List of threatened species dates back 15 years and a systematic genetic inventory of Austria's fish species does not exist. To fulfill this deficit, we employed DNA barcoding to generate an up-to-date and comprehensive genetic reference database for Austrian fish species. In total, 639 newly generated cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences were added to the 377 existing records from the BOLD data base, to compile a near complete reference dataset. Standard sequence similarity analyses resulted in 83 distinct clusters almost perfectly reflecting the expected number of species in Austria. Mean intraspecific distances of 0.22% were significantly lower than distances to closest relatives, resulting in a pronounced barcoding gap and unique Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) for most of the species. Four cases of BIN sharing were detected, pointing to hybridization and/or recent divergence, whereas in Phoxinus spp., Gobio spp. and Barbatula barbatula intraspecific splits, multiple BINs and consequently cryptic diversity were observed. The overall high identification success and clear genetic separation of most of the species confirms the applicability and accuracy of genetic methods for bio-surveillance. Furthermore, the new DNA barcoding data pinpoints cases of taxonomic uncertainty, which need to be addressed in further detail, to more precisely assort genetic lineages and their local distribution ranges in a new National Red-List.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Zangl
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Universalmuseum Joanneum, Studienzentrum Naturkunde, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Daniel Daill
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Consultants in Aquatic Ecology and Engineering—blattfisch e.U., Wels, Austria
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marija Mladinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Josef Wanzenböck
- Research Department for Limnology, Mondsee, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
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Çiçek E, Eagderi S, Sungur S, Secer B. Testing the “young-species” hypothesis for Alburnus heckeli Battalgil 1944 (Teleostei: Leuciscidae) inhabiting Lake Hazar, Turkey. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1635/053.167.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erdoğan Çiçek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Soheil Eagderi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sevil Sungur
- Health Services Vocational School, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Burak Secer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey
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9
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Karki NP, Colombo RE, Gaines KF, Maia A. Exposure to 17β estradiol causes erosion of sexual dimorphism in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6450-6458. [PMID: 32997251 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic compounds including 17β estradiol (or E2) are known to negatively affect the reproductive system of many animals, including fish, leading to feminization, altered sex ratio, reduced fecundity, and decreased gonadosomatic index. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying concentrations of water-soluble 17β estradiol exposure on the external morphology of Bluegill. An experiment was set up where fish were individually maintained in 10-g tanks and exposed to 17β estradiol concentrations of 40 and 80 ng/L or no 17β estradiol exposure (the control). Fish were exposed for 21 days, with 17β estradiol replenished each week to account for 17β estradiol half-life. Fish were photographed laterally before and after the 21-day exposure to 17β estradiol. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics were conducted in MorphoJ and canonical variate and discriminant function analysis were used to compare the morphological changes in the fish under 17β estradiol exposure. The results showed that 17β estradiol exposure caused male dimorphic characters to change in Bluegill by becoming less prevalent. Specifically, there was a narrowing of the caudal peduncle, smaller nape protrusion, reduced opercular flap and pectoral fin, and a deeper body in the exposed groups compared with control fish under both concentrations. This research highlights the widespread effects of 17β estradiol on fish health beyond the reproductive system, which could have important conservation implications by affecting mate selection and reducing reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Parajulee Karki
- Department of Biology, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA
| | - Robert E Colombo
- Department of Biology, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA
| | - Karen F Gaines
- Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 1 Aerospace Blvd., Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA
| | - Anabela Maia
- Department of Biology, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA.
- Department of Biology, Rhode Island College, 600 Mount Pleasant Ave, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
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10
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Ludoški J, Francuski L, Lukač M, Dekić R, Milankov V. Toward the conservation of the endemic monotypic fish genus Aulopyge from the Balkan Dinaric karst: Integrative assessment of introduced and natural population. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:688-699. [PMID: 33520158 PMCID: PMC7820161 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex biogeographical history of the Balkan Peninsula caused remarkable freshwater fish diversity and endemism, among which Cyprinidae fish dominate. The Dinaric karst was a Pleistocene refugium and it harbors ancient and endemic cyprinids, including Aulopyge huegelii, a sole representative of its genus. Being highly distributionally restricted, it faces various threats that promote a critical decline in population abundance and even population extinction. Phenotypic and molecular diversity of the introduced (Šator Lake, Šator Mountain) and natural (Studena River, Duvanjsko Polje) populations of Dalmatian barbelgudgeon from Bosnia and Herzegovina was studied by using two mitochondrial genes and morphometric traits (linear and geometric morphometrics). Nonparametric ANOVA showed that two analyzed populations significantly differed in six linear measurements, except snout length and postorbital head length. Contrary to centroid size, two populations were found to be significantly different in body shape. Deformation grids indicated that individuals from Studena River are characterized by wider and slightly shorter body comparing to individuals from Šator Lake. Incongruence in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (cyt b) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation was observed since a common COI haplotype was observed, while four and three cyt b haplotypes were registered in Šator Lake and Studena River, respectively. Since it was demonstrated that cyt b mtDNA was a faster evolving gene, we encourage its use in intraspecies studies, especially for evaluating the connectivity of fragmented populations and for studying the evolutionary footprint of the processes incorporated into the distinctive evolution of Aulopyge. Finally, findings herewith provide a firm basis for designing a long-term sustainable conservation strategy for endemic species in Dinaric karst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Ludoški
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Ljubinka Francuski
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Milica Lukač
- Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Banja LukaBanja LukaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Radoslav Dekić
- Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Banja LukaBanja LukaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vesna Milankov
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
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11
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De Santis V, Delmastro GB, Vanetti I, Britton JR, Zaccara S. Species composition of introduced and natural minnow populations of the Phoxinus cryptic complex in the westernmost part of the Po River Basin (north Italy). Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInvasive alien species are a major driver of biodiversity loss, with their impacts potentially more intense when complexes of cryptic species are involved. In freshwaters, the anthropogenic manipulation of fish communities has resulted in altered fish communities, and in Europe has increased the complexity of Phoxinus species assemblages. Here, we investigated the Phoxinus communities of the westernmost part of the Po river basin, where adjacent freshwater ecosystems (Alpine high-altitude lakes and lowland streams) are representative of different management strategies (i.e. manipulated fish communities via stocking in Alpine lakes vs. natural populations in streams). We tested the genetic composition of the cryptic Phoxinus populations inhabiting these waters, as the species are morphologically indistinct. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) were obtained from 239 specimens, with the results indicating that 17 Alpine high-altitude lakes are now populated by a complex of Phoxinus species, comprising P. septimaniae (native to the Mediterranean area of France), P. csikii (native to the Central Balkans) and P. lumaireul (native to the North Adriatic Sea basins). Their introduction resulted from their use as angling live baits. Minnow populations in lowland streams were primarily comprised of native P. lumaireul, with only a single P. csikii specimen detected. While nuclear sequences of the recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) marker were not useful for tracking the presence of alien alleles in these stream populations, the COI data emphasised the importance of using molecular tools to investigate cryptic species complexes that have been modified by anthropogenic activities.
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12
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Scharnweber K. Morphological and trophic divergence of lake and stream minnows ( Phoxinus phoxinus). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8358-8367. [PMID: 32788985 PMCID: PMC7417209 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic divergence in response to divergent natural selection between environments is a common phenomenon in species of freshwater fishes. Intraspecific differentiation is often pronounced between individuals inhabiting lakes versus stream habitats. The different hydrodynamic regimes in the contrasting habitats may promote a variation of body shape, but this could be intertwined with morphological adaptations to a specific foraging mode. Herein, I studied the divergence pattern of the European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), a common freshwater fish that has received little attention despite its large distribution. In many Scandinavian mountain lakes, European minnows are considered as being invasive and were found to pose threats to the native fish populations due to resource competition. Minnows were recently found to show phenotypic adaptations in lake versus stream habitats, but the question remained if this divergence pattern is related to differences in resource use. I therefore studied the patterns of minnow divergence in morphology (i.e., using geometric morphometrics) and trophic niches (i.e., using stomach content analyses) in the lake Ånnsjön and its tributaries to link the changes in body morphology to the feeding on specific resources. Lake minnows showed a strong reliance on benthic Cladocera and a more streamlined body shape with a more upward facing snout, whereas stream minnows fed on macroinvertebrates (larvae and adults) to a higher degree and had a deeper body with a snout that was pointed down. Correlations showed a significant relationship of the proportion of macroinvertebrates in the gut and morphological features present in the stream minnows. The results of this study highlight the habitat-specific divergence pattern in morphology and resource use in this ubiquitous freshwater fish. Consequently, interspecific interactions of invasive minnows and the native fish population could differ in the respective food webs and resource competition could target different native fish species in the contrasting habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Scharnweber
- Department of Ecology and Genetics – LimnologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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13
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Garcia-Raventós A, Martins FMS, Teixeira A, Sousa R, Froufe E, Varandas S, Lopes-Lima M, Beja P, Filipe AF. Origin and history of Phoxinus (Cyprinidae) introductions in the Douro Basin (Iberian Peninsula): an update inferred from genetic data. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Palandačić A, Kruckenhauser L, Ahnelt H, Mikschi E. European minnows through time: museum collections aid genetic assessment of species introductions in freshwater fishes (Cyprinidae: Phoxinus species complex). Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 124:410-422. [PMID: 31896822 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive fish introductions have taken place throughout much of the world, mostly over the last 70 years, and present a major threat to the genetic diversity of native fishes. Introductions have been reported for European Phoxinus, a ubiquitous small cyprinid that populates a wide variety of habitats. Species delineation in European Phoxinus has proven difficult with one reason being ranges of distribution that often traverse drainage boundaries. The present study combines recent samples with museum samples to better understand the current distribution of Phoxinus species and their distributions prior to the massive introductions of fishes in Europe, and to evaluate the use of museum specimens for species distribution studies. For these purposes, genetic lineages from sites collected prior to 1900 (n = 14), and between 1900 and 1950 (n = 8), were analysed using two mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Although possible fish introductions were detected, our results show that the distribution of genetic lineages of museum samples is comparable to that of the extant lineages of European Phoxinus present in those areas. These observations suggest that in the studied ranges the distribution of Phoxinus lineages has been driven by natural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Palandačić
- First Zoological Department, Vienna Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Luise Kruckenhauser
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Vienna Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Ahnelt
- First Zoological Department, Vienna Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Mikschi
- First Zoological Department, Vienna Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Corral‐Lou A, Perea S, Aparicio E, Doadrio I. Phylogeography and species delineation of the genusPhoxinusRafinesque, 1820 (Actinopterygii: Leuciscidae) in the Iberian Peninsula. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corral‐Lou
- Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Department Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Silvia Perea
- Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Department Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Enric Aparicio
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology University of Girona Girona Spain
| | - Ignacio Doadrio
- Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Department Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC Madrid Spain
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16
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Integrative study of population structure of Telestes dabar, the strictly endemic cyprinid species from the Dinaric karst on the Balkan Peninsula. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-019-1302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Sousa-Santos C, Jesus TF, Fernandes C, Robalo JI, Coelho MM. Fish diversification at the pace of geomorphological changes: evolutionary history of western Iberian Leuciscinae (Teleostei: Leuciscidae) inferred from multilocus sequence data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 133:263-285. [PMID: 30583043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary history of western Iberian Leuciscinae, obligatory freshwater fish, is directly linked to the evolution of the hydrographic network of the Iberian Peninsula after its isolation from the rest of Europe, which involved dramatic rearrangements such as the transition from endorheic lakes to open basins draining to the Atlantic. Previous phylogenetic research on western Iberian leuciscines, using mainly mitochondrial DNA and more recently one or two nuclear genes, has found contradictory results and there remain many unresolved issues regarding species relationships, taxonomy, and evolutionary history. Moreover, there is a lack of integration between phylogenetic and divergence time estimates and information on the timing of geomorphological changes and paleobasin rearrangements in the Iberian Peninsula. This study presents the first comprehensive fossil-calibrated multilocus coalescent species tree of western Iberian Leuciscinae (including 14 species of Achondrostoma, Iberochondrostoma, Pseudochondrostoma and Squalius endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, seven of which endemic to Portugal) based on seven nuclear genes, and from which we infer their biogeographic history by comparing divergence time estimates to known dated geological events. The phylogenetic pattern suggests slow-paced evolution of leuciscines during the Early-Middle Miocene endorheic phase of the main Iberian river basins, with the shift to exorheism in the late Neogene-Quaternary allowing westward dispersals that resulted in many cladogenetic events and a high rate of endemism in western Iberia. The results of this study also: (i) confirm the paraphyly of S. pyrenaicus with respect to S. carolitertii, and thus the possible presence of a new taxon in the Portuguese Tagus currently assigned to S. pyrenaicus; (ii) support the taxonomic separation of the Guadiana and Sado populations of S. pyrenaicus; (iii) show the need for further population sampling and taxonomic research to clarify the phylogenetic status of A. arcasii from the Minho basin and of the I. lusitanicum populations in the Sado and Tagus basins; and (iv) indicate that A. occidentale, I. olisiponensis and P. duriensis are the most ancient lineages within their respective genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sousa-Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - T F Jesus
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egaz Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal(2).
| | - C Fernandes
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - J I Robalo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - M M Coelho
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
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18
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Palandačić A, Naseka A, Ramler D, Ahnelt H. Contrasting morphology with molecular data: an approach to revision of species complexes based on the example of European Phoxinus (Cyprinidae). BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:184. [PMID: 28793855 PMCID: PMC5549366 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular taxonomy studies and barcoding projects can provide rapid means of detecting cryptic diversity. Nevertheless, the use of molecular data for species delimitation should be undertaken with caution. Especially the single-gene approaches are linked with certain pitfalls for taxonomical inference. In the present study, recent and historical species descriptions based upon morphology were used as primary species hypotheses, which were then evaluated with molecular data (including in type and historical museum material) to form secondary species hypotheses. As an example of cryptic diversity and taxonomic controversy, the European Phoxinus phoxinus species complex was used. RESULTS The results of the revision showed that of the fourteen primary species hypotheses, three were rejected, namely P. ketmaieri, P. likai, and P. apollonicus. For three species (P. strandjae, P. strymonicus, P. morella), further investigation with increased data sampling was suggested, while two primary hypotheses, P. bigerri and P. colchicus, were supported as secondary species hypotheses. Finally, six of the primary species hypotheses (P. phoxinus, P. lumaireul, P. karsticus, P. septimanae, P. marsilii and P. csikii) were well supported by mitochondrial but only limitedly corroborated by nuclear data analysis. CONCLUSION The approach has proven useful for revision of species complexes, and the study can serve as an overview of the Phoxinus genus in Europe, as well as a solid basis for further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Palandačić
- First Zoological Department, Vienna Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexander Naseka
- First Zoological Department, Vienna Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology, Faculty for Biology and Soil, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - David Ramler
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Ahnelt
- First Zoological Department, Vienna Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Ramler D, Palandačić A, Delmastro GB, Wanzenböck J, Ahnelt H. Morphological divergence of lake and stream Phoxinus of Northern Italy and the Danube basin based on geometric morphometric analysis. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:572-584. [PMID: 28116054 PMCID: PMC5243779 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Minnows of the genus Phoxinus are promising candidates to investigate adaptive divergence, as they inhabit both still and running waters of a variety of altitudes and climatic zones in Europe. We used landmark-based geometric morphometric methods to quantify the level of morphological variability in Phoxinus populations from streams and lakes of Northern Italy and the Danube basin. We analyzed body shape differences of populations in the dorsal, lateral, and ventral planes, using a large array of landmarks and semilandmarks. As the species identification of Phoxinus on morphological characters is ambiguous, we used two mitochondrial genes to determine the genetic background of the samples and to ensure we are comparing homogenous groups. We have found significant body shape differences between habitats: Minnow populations inhabiting streams had a deeper body and caudal peduncle and more laterally inserted pectoral fins than minnows inhabiting lakes. We have also found significant body shape differences between genetic groups: Italian minnows had deeper bodies, deeper and shorter caudal peduncles, and a shorter and wider gape than both groups from the Danube. Our results show that the morphology of Phoxinus is highly influenced by habitat and that body shape variation between habitats was within the same range as between genetic groups. These morphological differences are possibly linked to different modes of swimming and foraging in the respective habitats and are likely results of phenotypic plasticity. However, differences in shape and interlandmark distances between the groups suggest that some (though few) morphometric characters might be useful for separating Phoxinus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ramler
- First Zoological DepartmentMuseum of Natural History ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Limnology and Bio‐OceanographyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anja Palandačić
- First Zoological DepartmentMuseum of Natural History ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Josef Wanzenböck
- Research Institute for Limnology MondseeUniversity of InnsbruckMondseeAustria
| | - Harald Ahnelt
- First Zoological DepartmentMuseum of Natural History ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Theoretical BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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