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An Y, Braga MP, Garcia SL, Grudzinska-Sterno M, Hambäck PA. Host Phylogeny Structures the Gut Bacterial Community Within Galerucella Leaf Beetles. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2477-2487. [PMID: 37314477 PMCID: PMC10640405 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbes play important roles for their hosts. Previous studies suggest that host-microbial systems can form long-term associations over evolutionary time and the dynamic changes of the intestinal system may represent major driving forces and contribute to insect dietary diversification and speciation. Our study system includes a set of six closely related leaf beetle species (Galerucella spp.) and our study aims to separate the roles of host phylogeny and ecology in determining the gut microbial community and to identify eventual relationship between host insects and gut bacteria. We collected adult beetles from their respective host plants and quantified their microbial community using 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that the gut bacteria community composition was structured by host beetle phylogeny, where more or less host-specific gut bacteria interact with the different Galerucella species. For example, the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia was found almost exclusively in G. nymphaea and G. sagittariae. Diversity indicators also suggested that α- and β-diversities of gut bacteria communities varied among host beetle species. Overall, our results suggest a phylogenetically controlled co-occurrence pattern between the six closely related Galerucella beetles and their gut bacteria, indicating the potential of co-evolutionary processes occurring between hosts and their gut bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing An
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mariana P Braga
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Helsinki Life Science Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarahi L Garcia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter A Hambäck
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zielonka MW, Pope TW, Leather SR. Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:44-50. [PMID: 34229772 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin W Zielonka
- Agriculture & Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, ShropshireTF10 8NB, UK
| | - Tom W Pope
- Agriculture & Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, ShropshireTF10 8NB, UK
| | - Simon R Leather
- Agriculture & Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, ShropshireTF10 8NB, UK
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Näsvall K, Wiklund C, Mrazek V, Künstner A, Talla V, Busch H, Vila R, Backström N. Host plant diet affects growth and induces altered gene expression and microbiome composition in the wood white (Leptidea sinapis) butterfly. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:499-516. [PMID: 33219534 PMCID: PMC7839524 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In a time with decreasing biodiversity, especially among insects, a detailed understanding about specific resource utilization strategies is crucial. The physiological and behavioural responses to host switches in phytophagous insects are poorly understood. Earlier studies indicate that a host plant switch might be associated with distinctive molecular and physiological responses in different lineages. Expanding the assessment of such associations across Lepidoptera will reveal if there are general patterns in adaptive responses, or if each switch event is more of a unique character. We investigated host plant preference, fitness consequences, effects on expression profiles and gut microbiome composition in two common wood white (Leptidea sinapis) populations with different host plant preferences from the extremes of the species distribution area (Sweden and Catalonia). Our results show that female Catalonian wood whites lack preference for either host plant (Lotus corniculatus or L. dorycnium), while Swedish females laid significantly more eggs on L. corniculatus. Individuals from both populations reared on L. dorycnium had longer developmental times and smaller body size as adults. This indicates that both environmental and genetic factors determine the choice to use a specific host plant. Gene expression analysis revealed a more pronounced response to host plant in the Catalonian compared to the Swedish population. In addition, host plant treatment resulted in a significant shift in microbiome community structure in the Catalonian population. Together, this suggests that population specific plasticity associated with local conditions underlies host plant utilisation in wood whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Näsvall
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Wiklund
- Department of Zoology: Division of Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronika Mrazek
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Axel Künstner
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Venkat Talla
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Roger Vila
- Butterfly Diversity and Evolution Lab, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niclas Backström
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Verschut TA, Hambäck PA. A random survival forest illustrates the importance of natural enemies compared to host plant quality on leaf beetle survival rates. BMC Ecol 2018; 18:33. [PMID: 30200936 PMCID: PMC6131828 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wetlands are habitats where variation in soil moisture content and associated environmental conditions can strongly affect the survival of herbivorous insects by changing host plant quality and natural enemy densities. In this study, we combined natural enemy exclusion experiments with random survival forest analyses to study the importance of local variation in host plant quality and predation by natural enemies on the egg and larval survival of the leaf beetle Galerucella sagittariae along a soil moisture gradient. Results Our results showed that the exclusion of natural enemies substantially increased the survival probability of G. sagittariae eggs and larvae. Interestingly, the egg survival probability decreased with soil moisture content, while the larval survival probability instead increased with soil moisture content. For both the egg and larval survival, we found that host plant height, the number of eggs or larvae, and vegetation height explained more of the variation than the soil moisture gradient by itself. Moreover, host plant quality related variables, such as leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content did not influence the survival of G. sagittariae eggs and larvae. Conclusion Our results suggest that the soil moisture content is not an overarching factor that determines the interplay between factors related to host plant quality and factors relating to natural enemies on the survival of G. sagittariae in different microhabitats. Moreover, the natural enemy exclusion experiments and the random survival forest analysis suggest that natural enemies have a stronger indirect impact on the survival of G. sagittariae offspring than host plant quality. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-018-0187-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Verschut
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter A Hambäck
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fors L, Mozuraitis R, Blažytė-Čereškienė L, Verschut TA, Hambäck PA. Selection by parasitoid females among closely related hosts based on volatiles: Identifying relevant chemical cues. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3219-3228. [PMID: 29607019 PMCID: PMC5869356 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitoid fitness is influenced by the ability to overcome host defense strategies and by the ability of parasitoid females to select high-quality host individuals. When females are unable to differentiate among hosts, their fitness will decrease with an increasing abundance of resistant hosts. To understand the effect of mixed host populations on female fitness, it is therefore necessary to investigate the ability of female parasitoids to select among hosts. Here, we used behavioral assays, headspace volatile collection, and electrophysiology to study the ability of Asecodes parviclava to use olfactory cues to select between a susceptible host (Galerucella calmariensis) and a resistant host (Galerucella pusilla) from a distance. Our studies show that parasitoid females have the capacity to distinguish the two hosts and that the selection behavior is acquired through experiences during earlier life stages. Further, we identified two volatiles (α-terpinolene and [E]-β-ocimene) which amounts differ between the two plant-herbivore systems and that caused behavioral and electrophysiological responses. The consequence of this selection behavior is that females have the capacity to avoid laying eggs in G. pusilla, where the egg mortality is higher due to much stronger immune responses toward A. parviclava than in larvae of G. calmariensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fors
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden.,Present address: Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Raimondas Mozuraitis
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden.,Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology Nature Research Centre Vilnius Lithuania.,Present address: Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Laima Blažytė-Čereškienė
- Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology Nature Research Centre Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Thomas A Verschut
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peter A Hambäck
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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Verschut TA, Blažytė-Čereškienė L, Apšegaitė V, Mozūraitis R, Hambäck PA. Natal origin affects host preference and larval performance relationships in a tritrophic system. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2079-2090. [PMID: 28405274 PMCID: PMC5383469 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many insects face the challenge to select oviposition sites in heterogeneous environments where biotic and abiotic factors can change over time. One way to deal with this complexity is to use sensory experiences made during developmental stages to locate similar habitats or hosts in which larval development can be maximized. While various studies have investigated oviposition preference and larval performance relationships in insects, they have largely overlooked that sensory experiences made during the larval stage can affect such relationships. We addressed this issue by determining the role of natal experience on oviposition preference and larval performance relationships in a tritrophic system consisting of Galerucella sagittariae, feeding on the two host plants Potentilla palustris and Lysimachia thyrsiflora, and its larval parasitoid Asecodes lucens. We firstly determined whether differences in host‐derived olfactory information could lead to divergent host selection, and secondly, whether host preference could result in higher larval performance based on the natal origin of the insects. Our results showed that the natal origin and the quality of the current host are both important aspects in oviposition preference and larval performance relationships. While we found a positive relationship between preference and performance for natal Lysimachia beetles, natal Potentilla larvae showed no such relationship and developed better on L. thyrsiflora. Additionally, the host selection by the parasitoid was mainly affected by the natal origin, while its performance was higher on Lysimachia larvae. With this study, we showed that the relationship between oviposition preference and larval performance depends on the interplay between the natal origin of the female and the quality of the current host. However, without incorporating the full tritrophic context of these interactions, their implication in insect fitness and potential adaptation cannot be fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Verschut
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Laima Blažytė-Čereškienė
- Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology Nature Research Centre Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Violeta Apšegaitė
- Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology Nature Research Centre Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Raimondas Mozūraitis
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden; Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology Nature Research Centre Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Peter A Hambäck
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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