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Zhou T, Chen X, López-Pujol J, Bai G, Herrando-Moraira S, Nualart N, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhao G. Genetically- and environmentally-dependent processes drive interspecific and intraspecific divergence in the Chinese relict endemic genus Dipteronia. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:585-599. [PMID: 39290880 PMCID: PMC11403150 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
China is a hotspot of relict plant species that were once widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Recent research has demonstrated that the occurrence of long-term stable refugia in the mountainous regions of central and south-western China allowed their persistence through the late Neogene climate fluctuations. One of these relict lineages is Dipteronia, an oligotypic tree genus with a fossil record extending to the Paleocene. Here, we investigated the genetic variability, demographic dynamics and diversification patterns of the two currently recognized Dipteronia species (D ipteronia sinensis and D . dyeriana). Molecular data were obtained from 45 populations of Dipteronia by genotyping three cpDNA regions, two single copy nuclear genes and 15 simple sequence repeat loci. The genetic study was combined with niche comparison analyses on the environmental space, ecological niche modeling, and landscape connectivity analysis. We found that the two Dipteronia species have highly diverged both in genetic and ecological terms. Despite the incipient speciation processes that can be observed in D. sinensis, the occurrence of long-term stable refugia and, particularly, a dispersal corridor along Daba Shan-west Qinling, likely ensured its genetic and ecological integrity to date. Our study will not only help us to understand how populations of Dipteronia species responded to the tectonic and climatic changes of the Cenozoic, but also provide insight into how Arcto-Tertiary relict plants in East Asia survived, evolved, and diversified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jordi López-Pujol
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
- Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo (UEES), Samborondón 091650, Ecuador
| | - Guoqing Bai
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China
| | | | - Neus Nualart
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuemei Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guifang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Wambulwa MC, Luo YH, Zhu GF, Milne R, Wachira FN, Wu ZY, Wang H, Gao LM, Li DZ, Liu J. Determinants of Genetic Structure in a Highly Heterogeneous Landscape in Southwest China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:779989. [PMID: 35574120 PMCID: PMC9097793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.779989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intra-specific genetic diversity is a fundamental component of biodiversity, and is key to species adaptation and persistence. However, significant knowledge gaps still exist in our understanding of the patterns of genetic diversity and their key determinants. Most previous investigations mainly utilized single-species and/or a limited number of explanatory variables; so here we mapped the patterns of plastid genetic diversity within 15 plant species, and explored the key determinants shaping these patterns using a wide range of variables. Population-level cpDNA sequence data for 15 plant species from the Longitudinal Range Gorge Region (LRGR), southwest China, were retrieved from literature and used to estimate haplotype diversity (H D) and population pairwise genetic differentiation (F ST) indices. Genetic diversity and divergence landscape surfaces were then generated based on the H D and F ST, respectively, to clarify the patterns of genetic structure in the region. Subsequently, we analyzed the relationships between plastid genetic diversity and 16 explanatory variables (classified as anthropogenic, climatic, and topographic). We found that the highest genetic diversity occurred in the Yulong Mountain region, with a significant proportion (~74.81%) of the high diversity land area being located outside of protected areas. The highest genetic divergence was observed approximately along the 25°N latitudinal line, with notable peaks in the western and eastern edges of the LRGR. Genetic diversity (H D) was weakly but significantly positively correlated with both Latitude (lat) and Annual Mean Wet Day Frequency (wet), yet significantly negatively correlated with all of Longitude (long), Annual Mean Cloud Cover Percent (cld), Annual Mean Anthropogenic Flux (ahf), and Human Footprint Index (hfp). A combination of climatic, topographic, and anthropogenic factors explained a significant proportion (78%) of genetic variation, with topographic factors (lat and long) being the best predictors. Our analysis identified areas of high genetic diversity (genetic diversity "hotspots") and divergence in the region, and these should be prioritized for conservation. This study contributes to a better understanding of the features that shape the distribution of plastid genetic diversity in the LRGR and thus would inform conservation management efforts in this species-rich, but vulnerable region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses C. Wambulwa
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Computing, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
| | - Ya-Huang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Guang-Fu Zhu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Richard Milne
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Francis N. Wachira
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Computing, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
| | - Zeng-Yuan Wu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Guo R, Zhang YH, Zhang HJ, Landis JB, Zhang X, Wang HC, Yao XH. Molecular phylogeography and species distribution modelling evidence of 'oceanic' adaptation for Actinidia eriantha with a refugium along the oceanic-continental gradient in a biodiversity hotspot. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:89. [PMID: 35227218 PMCID: PMC8883688 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refugia is considered to be critical for maintaining biodiversity; while discerning the type and pattern of refugia is pivotal for our understanding of evolutionary processes in the context of conservation. Interglacial and glacial refugia have been studied throughout subtropical China. However, studies on refugia along the oceanic-continental gradient have largely been ignored. We used a liana Actinidia eriantha, which occurs across the eastern moist evergreen broad-leaved forests of subtropical China, as a case study to test hypotheses of refugia along the oceanic-continental gradient and 'oceanic' adaptation. RESULTS The phylogeographic pattern of A. eriantha was explored using a combination of three cpDNA markers and 38 nuclear microsatellite loci, Species distribution modelling and dispersal corridors analysis. Our data showed intermediate levels of genetic diversity [haplotype diversity (hT) = 0.498; unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHE) = 0.510] both at the species and population level. Microsatellite loci revealed five clusters largely corresponding to geographic regions. Coalescent time of cpDNA lineages was dated to the middle Pliocene (ca. 4.03 Ma). Both geographic distance and climate difference have important roles for intraspecific divergence of the species. The Zhejiang-Fujian Hilly Region was demonstrated to be a refugium along the oceanic-continental gradient of the species and fit the 'refugia in refugia' pattern. Species distribution modelling analysis indicated that Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (importance of 44%), Temperature Seasonality (29%) and Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (25%) contributed the most to model development. By checking the isolines in the three climate layers, we found that A. eriantha prefer higher precipitation during the coldest quarter, lower seasonal temperature difference and lower mean temperature during the wettest quarter, which correspond to 'oceanic' adaptation. Actinidia eriantha expanded to its western distribution range along the dispersal corridor repeatedly during the glacial periods. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results provide integrated evidence demonstrating that the Zhejiang-Fujian Hilly Region is a refugium along the oceanic-continental gradient of Actinidia eriantha in subtropical China and that speciation is attributed to 'oceanic' adaptation. This study gives a deeper understanding of the refugia in subtropical China and will contribute to the conservation and utilization of kiwifruit wild resources in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Yong-Hua Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hua-Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jacob B Landis
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- BTI Computational Biology Center, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heng-Chang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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Fan D, Lei S, Liang H, Yao Q, Kou Y, Cheng S, Yang Y, Qiu Y, Zhang Z. More opportunities more species: Pleistocene differentiation and northward expansion of an evergreen broad-leaved tree species Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae) in Southeast China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:35. [PMID: 35038992 PMCID: PMC8762935 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The broad continuum between tropical and temperate floras in Eastern Asia (EAS) are thought to be one of the main factors responsible for a prominent species diversity anomaly of temperate plants between EAS and eastern North America (ENS). However, how the broad continuum and niche evolution between tropical and temperate floras in EAS contributes to lineage divergence and species diversity remains largely unknown. RESULTS Population genetic structure, demography, and determinants of genetic structure [i.e., isolation-by-distance (IBD), isolation-by-resistance (IBR), and isolation-by-environment (IBE)] of Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Lauraceae) were evaluated by examining sequence variation of ten low-copy nuclear genes across 43 populations in southeast China. Climatic niche difference and potential distributions across four periods (Current, mid-Holocene, the last glacial maximum, the last interglacial) of two genetic clusters were determined by niche modelling. North and south clusters of populations in M. thunbergii were revealed and their demarcation line corresponds well with the northern boundary of tropical zone in China of Zhu & Wan. The divergence time between the clusters and demographic expansion of M. thunbergii occurred after the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (MPT, 0.8-1.2 Ma). Migration rates between clusters were asymmetrical, being much greater from north to south than the reverse. Significant effects of IBE, but non-significant effects of IBD and IBR on population genetic divergence were detected. The two clusters have different ecological niches and require different temperature regimes. CONCLUSIONS The north-south genetic differentiation may be common across the temperate-tropical boundary in southeast China. Divergent selection under different temperature regimes (possibly above and below freezing temperature in winter) could account for this divergence pattern. The broad continuum between tropical and temperate floras in EAS may have provided ample opportunities for tropical plant lineages to acquire freezing tolerance and to colonize the temperate regions during the late-Cenozoic global cooling. Our findings shed deeper insights into the high temperate plant species diversity in EAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengmei Fan
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuqing Lei
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Yao
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yixuan Kou
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Shanmei Cheng
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingxiong Qiu
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Group, MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Wang Z, Zhong C, Li D, Yan C, Yao X, Li Z. Cytotype distribution and chloroplast phylogeography of the Actinidia chinensis complex. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:325. [PMID: 34229602 PMCID: PMC8259359 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant phylogeographic studies of species in subtropical China have mainly focused on rare and endangered species, whereas few studies have been conducted on taxa with relatively wide distribution, especially polyploid species. We investigated the cytotype and haplotype distribution pattern of the Actinidia chinensis complex, a widespread geographically woody liana with variable ploidy in subtropical China comprising two varieties, with three chloroplast fragments DNA (ndhF-rpl132, rps16-trnQ and trnE-trnT). Macroevolutionary, microevolutionary and niche modeling tools were also combined to disentangle the origin and the demographic history of the species or cytotypes. RESULTS The ploidy levels of 3338 individuals from 128 populations sampled throughout the species distribution range were estimated with flow cytometry. The widespread cytotypes were diploids followed by tetraploids and hexaploids, whereas triploids and octoploids occurred in a few populations. Thirty-one chloroplast haplotypes were detected. The genetic diversity and genetic structure were found to be high between varieties (or ploidy races) chinensis and deliciosa. Our results revealed that these two varieties inhabit significantly different climatic niche spaces. Ecological niche models (ENMs) indicate that all varieties' ranges contracted during the Last Inter Glacial (LIG), and expanded eastward or northward during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). CONCLUSIONS Pliocene and Plio-Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and vicariance appear to have played key roles in shaping current population structure and historical demography in the A. chinensis complex. The polyploidization process also appears to have played an important role in the historical demography of the complex through improving their adaptability to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Caihong Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dawei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Chunlin Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Zuozhou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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Li Y, Zhang X, Fang Y. Landscape Features and Climatic Forces Shape the Genetic Structure and Evolutionary History of an Oak Species ( Quercus chenii) in East China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1060. [PMID: 31552065 PMCID: PMC6734190 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Major topographic features facilitate intraspecific divergence through geographic isolation. This process may be enhanced by environmental isolation along climatic gradients, but also may be reduced by range shifts under rapid climatic changes. In this study, we examined how topography and climate have interacted over time and space to influence the genetic structure and evolutionary history of Quercus chenii, a deciduous oak species representative of the East China flora. Based on the nuclear microsatellite variation at 14 loci, we identified multiple genetic boundaries that were well associated with persistent landscape barriers of East China. Redundancy analysis indicated that both geography and climate explained similar amounts of intraspecific variation. Ecological differences along altitudinal gradients may have driven the divergence between highlands and lowlands. However, range expansions during the Last Interglacial as inferred from approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) may have increased the genetic diversity and eliminated the differentiation of lowland populations via admixture. Chloroplast (cp) DNA analysis of four intergenic spacers (2,866 bp in length) identified a total of 18 haplotypes, 15 of which were private to a single population, probably a result of long-term isolation among multiple montane habitats. A time-calibrated phylogeny suggested that palaeoclimatic changes of the Miocene underlay the lineage divergence of three major clades. In combination with ecological niche modeling (ENM), we concluded that mountainous areas with higher climatic stability are more likely to be glacial refugia that preserved higher phylogenetic diversity, while plains and basins may have acted as dispersal corridors for the post-glacial south-to-north migration. Our findings provide compelling evidence that both topography and climate have shaped the pattern of genetic variation of Q. chenii. Mountains as barriers facilitated differentiation through both geographic and environmental isolation, whereas lowlands as corridors increased the population connectivity especially when the species experienced range expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Yanming Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Fan D, Huang J, Hu H, Sun Z, Cheng S, Kou Y, Zhang Z. Evolutionary Hotspots of Seed Plants in Subtropical China: A Comparison With Species Diversity Hotspots of Woody Seed Plants. Front Genet 2018; 9:333. [PMID: 30177954 PMCID: PMC6109751 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity is a fundamental level of biodiversity. However, it is frequently neglected in conservation prioritization because intraspecific genetic diversity is difficult to measure at large scales. In this study, we synthesized population genetic or phylogeographic datasets of 33 seed plants in subtropical China into multi-species genetic landscapes. The genetic landscapes identified 18 evolutionary hotspots with high within-population genetic diversity (WGD), and among-population genetic diversity (AGD), or both. The western subtropical China is rich in AGD (possessing four major AGD hotspots), deserving a high conservation priority. We found that WGD was positively correlated with longitude, with most WGD hotspots locating in east subtropical China. The results showed that the locations of 12 of 18 evolutionary hotspots corresponded approximately to those of previously identified species diversity (SD) hotspots, however, a positive and significant correlation existed only between AGD and SD, not between WGD and SD. Therefore, spatial patterns of species richness in plants in subtropical China cannot generally be used as surrogate for their intraspecific diversity. This study identified multi-species evolutionary hotspots and correlated multi-species genetic diversity with SD across subtropical China for the first time, providing profound implications for the conservation of biodiversity in this important ecoregion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengmei Fan
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, The State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Huili Hu
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhixia Sun
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanmei Cheng
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yixuan Kou
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Liang J, He X, Zeng G, Zhong M, Gao X, Li X, Li X, Wu H, Feng C, Xing W, Fang Y, Mo D. Integrating priority areas and ecological corridors into national network for conservation planning in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:22-29. [PMID: 29331835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering that urban expansion and increase of human activities represent important threats to biodiversity and ecological processes in short and long term, developing protected area (PA) network with high connectivity is considered as a valuable conservation strategy. However, conservation planning associated with the large-scale network in China involves important information loopholes about the land cover and landscape connectivity. In this paper, we made an integrative analysis for the identification of conservation priority areas and least-cost ecological corridors (ECs) in order to promote a more representative, connected and efficient ecological PA network for this country. First, we used Zonation, a spatial prioritization software, to achieve a hierarchical mask and selected the top priority conservation areas. Second, we identified optimal linkages between two patches as corridors based on least-cost path algorithm. Finally, we proposed a new framework of China's PA network composed of conservation priority and ECs in consideration of high connectivity between areas. We observed that priority areas identified here cover 12.9% of the region, distributed mainly in mountainous and plateau areas, and only reflect a spatial mismatch of 19% with the current China's nature reserves locations. From the perspective of conservation, our result provide the need to consider new PA categories, specially located in the south (e.g., the middle-lower Yangtze River area, Nanling and Min-Zhe-Gan Mountains) and north regions (e.g., Changbai Mountains), in order to construct an optimal and connected national network in China. This information allows us better opportunities to identify the relative high-quality patches and draft the best conservation plan for the China's biodiversity in the long-term run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Xinyue He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Minzhou Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Haipeng Wu
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, PR China
| | - Chunting Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wenle Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yilong Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Dan Mo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Fan D, Sun Z, Li B, Kou Y, Hodel RGJ, Jin Z, Zhang Z. Dispersal corridors for plant species in the Poyang Lake Basin of southeast China identified by integration of phylogeographic and geospatial data. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5140-5148. [PMID: 28770054 PMCID: PMC5528243 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring the dispersal of wildlife through landscapes is notoriously difficult. Recently, the categorical least cost path algorithm that integrates population genetic data with species distribution models has been applied to reveal population connectivity. In this study, we use this method to identify the possible dispersal corridors of five plant species (Castanopsis tibetana, Schima superba, Cyclocarya paliurus, Sargentodoxa cuneata, Eomecon chionantha) in the Poyang Lake Basin (PLB, largely coinciding with Jiangxi Province), China, in the late Quaternary. The results showed that the strongest population connectivity for the five species occurred in the Wuyi Mountains and the Yu Mountains of the eastern PLB (East Corridor) during the late Quaternary. In the western PLB, populations of the five species were connected by the Luoxiao Mountains and the Jiuling Mountains (West Corridor) but with a lower degree of connectivity. There were some minor connections between the eastern and the western populations across the Gannan Hills. When the corridors of five species were overlaid, the East Corridor and the West Corridor were mostly shared by multiple species. These results indicate that plant species in the PLB could have responded to the Quaternary climate changes by moving along the East Corridor and the West Corridor. Given that dispersal corridors have seldom been considered in the governmental strategies of biodiversity conservation in the PLB, preserving and restoring natural vegetation along these corridors should be prioritized to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic climate change by facilitating migration of plant species and other biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengmei Fan
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Zhixia Sun
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Bo Li
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Yixuan Kou
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | | | - Zhinong Jin
- Nanchang Institute of Technology Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang Jiangxi China
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