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Zhang P, Meng S, Bao G, Li Y, Feng X, Lu H, Ma J, Wei X, Liu W. Effect of Epichloë Endophyte on the Growth and Carbon Allocation of Its Host Plant Stipa purpurea under Hemiparasitic Root Stress. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2761. [PMID: 38004772 PMCID: PMC10673280 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epichloë endophytes not only affect the growth and resistance of their host plants but also confer nutrient benefits to parasitized hosts. In this study, we used Pedicularis kansuensis to parasitize Stipa purpurea, both with and without endophytic fungi, and to establish a parasitic system. In this study, endophytic fungal infection was found to increase the dry weight of the leaf, stem, and leaf sheath, as well as the plant height, root length, tiller number, aboveground biomass, and underground biomass of S. purpurea under root hemiparasitic stress. Meanwhile, the 13C allocation of the leaf sheaths and roots of S. purpurea increased as the density of P. kansuensis increased, while the 13C allocation of the leaf sheaths and roots of E+ S. purpurea was lower than that of E- S. purpurea. The 13C allocation of the stem, leaf sheath, and root of E+ S. purpurea was higher than that of its E- counterpart. Furthermore, the content of photosynthetic 13C and the 13C partition rate of the stems, leaves, roots, and entire plant of S. purpurea and P. kansuensis transferred from S. purpurea increased as the density of P. kansuensis increased. These results will generate new insights into the potential role of symbiotic microorganisms in regulating the interaction between root hemiparasites and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Siyu Meng
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Gensheng Bao
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiaoyun Feng
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Hainian Lu
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Jingjuan Ma
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiaoxing Wei
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Xining 810016, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China; (P.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (X.W.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Xining 810016, China
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Piwowarczyk R, Kolanowska M. Effect of global warming on the potential distribution of a holoparasitic plant (Phelypaea tournefortii): both climate and host distribution matter. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10741. [PMID: 37400559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phelypaea tournefortii (Orobanchaceae) primarily occurs in the Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and N Iran) and Turkey. This perennial, holoparasitic herb is achlorophyllous and possesses one of the most intense red flowers among all plants worldwide. It occurs as a parasite on the roots of several Tanacetum (Asteraceae) species and prefers steppe and semi-arid habitats. Climate change may affect holoparasites both directly through effects on their physiology and indirectly as a consequence of its effects on their host plants and habitats. In this study, we used the ecological niche modeling approach to estimate the possible effects of climate change on P. tournefortii and to evaluate the effect of its parasitic relationships with two preferred host species on the chances of survival of this species under global warming. We used four climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5) and three different simulations (CNRM, GISS-E2, INM). We modeled the species' current and future distribution using the maximum entropy method implemented in MaxEnt using seven bioclimatic variables and species occurrence records (Phelypaea tournefortii - 63 records, Tanacetum argyrophyllum - 40, Tanacetum chiliophyllum - 21). According to our analyses, P. tournefortii will likely contract its geographical range remarkably. In response to global warming, the coverage of the species' suitable niches will decrease by at least 34%, especially in central and southern Armenia, Nakhchivan in Azerbaijan, northern Iran, and NE Turkey. In the worst-case scenario, the species will go completely extinct. Additionally, the studied plant's hosts will lose at least 36% of currently suitable niches boosting the range contraction of P. tournefortii. The GISS-E2 scenario will be least damaging, while the CNRM will be most damaging to climate change for studied species. Our study shows the importance of including ecological data in niche models to obtain more reliable predictions of the future distribution of parasitic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Piwowarczyk
- Center for Research and Conservation of Biodiversity, Department of Environmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7 Street, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Marta Kolanowska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
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Zhang YB, Corrêa Scalon M, Liu JX, Song XY, Yang D, Zhang YJ, Ellsworth DS, Zhang JL. You are what you eat: nutrient and water relations between mistletoes and hosts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:567-583. [PMID: 36651017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mistletoes play important roles in biogeochemical cycles. Although many studies have compared nutrient concentrations between mistletoes and their hosts, no general patterns have been found and the nutrient uptake mechanisms in mistletoes have not been fully resolved. To address the water and nutrient relations in mistletoes compared with their hosts, we measured 11 nutrient elements, two isotope ratios and two leaf morphological traits for 11 mistletoe and 104 host species from four sites across a large environmental gradient in southwest China. Mistletoes had significantly higher phosphorus, potassium, and boron concentrations, nitrogen isotope ratio, and lower carbon isotope ratio (δ13 C) indicative of lower water-use efficiency than hosts, but other elements were similar to those in hosts. Sites explained most of the variation in the multidimensional trait space. With increasing host nitrogen concentration, both mistletoe δ13 C and the difference between mistletoe and host δ13 C increased, providing evidence to support the 'nitrogen parasitism hypothesis'. Host nutrient concentrations were the best predictors for that of the mistletoe nutrient elements in most cases. Our results highlight the important roles of environmental conditions and host nutrient status in determining mistletoe nutrient pools, which together explain their trophic interactions with hosts in subtropical and tropical ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Marina Corrêa Scalon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Jing-Xin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Da Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan, 653300, China
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Lu X, Jiang R, Zhang G. Predicting the potential distribution of four endangered holoparasites and their primary hosts in China under climate change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942448. [PMID: 35991412 PMCID: PMC9384867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change affects parasitic plants and their hosts on distributions. However, little is known about how parasites and their hosts shift in distribution, and niche overlap in response to global change remains unclear to date. Here, the potential distribution and habitat suitability of four endangered holoparasites and their primary hosts in northern China were predicted using MaxEnt based on occurrence records and bioclimatic variables. The results indicated that (1) Temperature annual range (Bio7) and Precipitation of driest quarter (Bio17) were identified as the common key climatic factors influencing distribution (percentage contribution > 10%) for Cynomorium songaricum vs. Nitraria sibirica (i.e., parasite vs. host); Temperature seasonality (Bio4) and Precipitation of driest month (Bio14) for Boschniakia rossica vs. Alnus mandshurica; Bio4 for Cistanche deserticola vs. Haloxylon ammodendron; Precipitation of warmest quarter (Bio18) for Cistanche mongolica vs. Tamarix ramosissima. Accordingly, different parasite-host pairs share to varying degree the common climatic factors. (2) Currently, these holoparasites had small suitable habitats (i.e., moderately and highly) (0.97-3.77%), with few highly suitable habitats (0.19-0.81%). Under future scenarios, their suitable habitats would change to some extent; their distribution shifts fell into two categories: growing type (Boschniakia rossica and Cistanche mongolica) and fluctuating type (Cynomorium songaricum and Cistanche deserticola). In contrast, the hosts' current suitable habitats (1.42-13.43%) varied greatly, with highly restricted suitable habitats (0.18-1.00%). Under future scenarios, their suitable habitats presented different trends: growing type (Nitraria sibirica), declining type (Haloxylon ammodendron) and fluctuating type (the other hosts). (3) The niche overlaps between parasites and hosts differed significantly in the future, which can be grouped into two categories: growing type (Boschniakia rossica vs. Alnus mandshurica, Cistanche mongolica vs. Tamarix ramosissima), and fluctuating type (the others). Such niche overlap asynchronies may result in severe spatial limitations of parasites under future climate conditions. Our findings indicate that climate factors restricting parasites and hosts' distributions, niche overlaps between them, together with parasitic species identity, may jointly influence the suitable habitats of parasitic plants. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the threatened holoparasites themselves in conjunction with their suitable habitats and the parasite-host association when developing conservation planning in the future.
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Jiang R, Zhang G. Distribution patterns and influencing factors of different parasitic angiosperm types in China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Wang ZB, Sun YY, Li Y, Chen XL, Wang P, Ding HT, Chen B, Zhang XY, Song XY, Wang M, McMinn A, Zhang YZ, Qin QL. Significant Bacterial Distance-Decay Relationship in Continuous, Well-Connected Southern Ocean Surface Water. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:73-80. [PMID: 31863131 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the biogeographic distribution of marine microorganisms. However, the extent to which geographic distance can affect marine microbial communities is still unclear, especially for the microbial communities in well-connected surface seawaters. In this study, the bacterial community compositions of 21 surface seawater samples, that were distributed over a distance of 7800 km, were surveyed to investigate how bacterial community similarity changes with increasing geographical distance. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla, with Proteobacteria accounting for 52.6-92.5% and Bacteroidetes comprising 3.5-46.9% of the bacterial communities. A significant bacterial distance-decay relationship was observed in the well-connected Southern Ocean surface seawater. The number of pairwise shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and community similarities tended to decrease with increasing geographic distance. Calculation of the similarity indices with all, abundant or rare OTUs did not affect the observed distance-decay relationship. Spatial distance can largely explain the observed bacterial community variation. This study shows that even in well-connected surface waters, bacterial distance-decay patterns can be found as long as the geographical distance is great enough. The biogeographic patterns should then be present for marine microorganisms considering the large size and complexity of the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Tao Ding
- Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Song
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Andrew McMinn
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi-Long Qin
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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