1
|
Iacopini I, Foote JR, Fefferman NH, Derryberry EP, Silk MJ. Not your private tête-à-tête: leveraging the power of higher-order networks to study animal communication. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230190. [PMID: 38768202 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal communication is frequently studied with conventional network representations that link pairs of individuals who interact, for example, through vocalization. However, acoustic signals often have multiple simultaneous receivers, or receivers integrate information from multiple signallers, meaning these interactions are not dyadic. Additionally, non-dyadic social structures often shape an individual's behavioural response to vocal communication. Recently, major advances have been made in the study of these non-dyadic, higher-order networks (e.g. hypergraphs and simplicial complexes). Here, we show how these approaches can provide new insights into vocal communication through three case studies that illustrate how higher-order network models can: (i) alter predictions made about the outcome of vocally coordinated group departures; (ii) generate different patterns of song synchronization from models that only include dyadic interactions; and (iii) inform models of cultural evolution of vocal communication. Together, our examples highlight the potential power of higher-order networks to study animal vocal communication. We then build on our case studies to identify key challenges in applying higher-order network approaches in this context and outline important research questions that these techniques could help answer. This article is part of the theme issue 'The power of sound: unravelling how acoustic communication shapes group dynamics'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Iacopini
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University London , London, E1W 1LP, UK
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University , Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Nina H Fefferman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN, USA
- NIMBioS, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Derryberry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew J Silk
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD , Montpellier, France
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campbell LP, Bauer AM, Tavares Y, Guralnick RP, Reuman D. Broadscale spatial synchrony in a West Nile virus mosquito vector across multiple timescales. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12479. [PMID: 38816487 PMCID: PMC11139987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects often exhibit irruptive population dynamics determined by environmental conditions. We examine if populations of the Culex tarsalis mosquito, a West Nile virus (WNV) vector, fluctuate synchronously over broad spatial extents and multiple timescales and whether climate drives synchrony in Cx. tarsalis, especially at annual timescales, due to the synchronous influence of temperature, precipitation, and/or humidity. We leveraged mosquito collections across 9 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites distributed in the interior West and Great Plains region USA over a 45-month period, and associated gridMET climate data. We utilized wavelet phasor mean fields and wavelet linear models to quantify spatial synchrony for mosquitoes and climate and to calculate the importance of climate in explaining Cx. tarsalis synchrony. We also tested whether the strength of spatial synchrony may vary directionally across years. We found significant annual synchrony in Cx. tarsalis, and short-term synchrony during a single period in 2018. Mean minimum temperature was a significant predictor of annual Cx. tarsalis spatial synchrony, and we found a marginally significant decrease in annual Cx. tarsalis synchrony. Significant Cx. tarsalis synchrony during 2018 coincided with an anomalous increase in precipitation. This work provides a valuable step toward understanding broadscale synchrony in a WNV vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay P Campbell
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, 32962, USA.
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Amely M Bauer
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, 32962, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yasmin Tavares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10025, USA
| | | | - Daniel Reuman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goldstein RE, Jack RL, Pesci AI. How do cicadas emerge together? Thermophysical aspects of their collective decision-making. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L022401. [PMID: 38491648 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l022401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Periodical cicadas exhibit life cycles with durations of 13 or 17 years, and it is now accepted that large prime cycles arose to avoid synchrony with predators. Less well explored is how, in the face of intrinsic biological and environmental noise, insects within a brood emerge together in large successive swarms from underground during springtime warming. Here, we consider the decision-making process of underground cicadas experiencing random, spatially correlated thermal microclimates such as those in nature. Introducing short-range communication between insects leads to an Ising model of consensus building with a quenched, spatially correlated random magnetic field and annealed site dilution, which displays the kinds of collective swarms seen in nature. These results highlight the need for fieldwork to quantify the spatial fluctuations in thermal microclimates and their relationship to the spatiotemporal dynamics of swarm emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E Goldstein
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L Jack
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana I Pesci
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hensley NM, Rivers TJ, Gerrish GA, Saha R, Oakley TH. Collective synchrony of mating signals modulated by ecological cues and social signals in bioluminescent sea fireflies. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20232311. [PMID: 38018106 PMCID: PMC10685132 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals often employ simple rules that can emergently synchronize behaviour. Some collective behaviours are intuitively beneficial, but others like mate signalling in leks occur across taxa despite theoretical individual costs. Whether disparate instances of synchronous signalling are similarly organized is unknown, largely due to challenges observing many individuals simultaneously. Recording field collectives and ex situ playback experiments, we describe principles of synchronous bioluminescent signals produced by marine ostracods (Crustacea; Luxorina) that seem behaviorally convergent with terrestrial fireflies, and with whom they last shared a common ancestor over 500 Mya. Like synchronous fireflies, groups of signalling males use visual cues (intensity and duration of light) to decide when to signal. Individual ostracods also modulate their signal based on the distance to nearest neighbours. During peak darkness, luminescent 'waves' of synchronous displays emerge and ripple across the sea floor approximately every 60 s, but such periodicity decays within and between nights after the full moon. Our data reveal these bioluminescent aggregations are sensitive to both ecological and social light sources. Because the function of collective signals is difficult to dissect, evolutionary convergence, like in the synchronous visual displays of diverse arthropods, provides natural replicates to understand the generalities that produce emergent group behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholai M. Hensley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA
| | - Trevor J. Rivers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66405, USA
| | - Gretchen A. Gerrish
- Center for Limnology, Trout Lake Station, University of Wisconsin, Boulder Junction, Madison, WI 54512, USA
| | - Raj Saha
- Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME 04101, USA
| | - Todd H. Oakley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Greenfield MD, Merker B. Coordinated rhythms in animal species, including humans: Entrainment from bushcricket chorusing to the philharmonic orchestra. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105382. [PMID: 37673282 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated group displays featuring precise entrainment of rhythmic behavior between neighbors occur not only in human music, dance and drill, but in the acoustic or optical signaling of a number of species of arthropods and anurans. In this review we describe the mechanisms of phase resetting and phase and tempo adjustments that allow the periodic output of signaling individuals to be aligned in synchronized rhythmic group displays. These mechanisms are well described in some of the synchronizing arthropod species, in which conspecific signals reset an individual's endogenous output oscillators in such a way that the joint rhythmic signals are locked in phase. Some of these species are capable of mutually adjusting both the phase and tempo of their rhythmic signaling, thereby achieving what is called perfect synchrony, a capacity which otherwise is found only in humans. We discuss this disjoint phylogenetic distribution of inter-individual rhythmic entrainment in the context of the functions such entrainment might perform in the various species concerned, and the adaptive circumstances in which it might evolve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Greenfield
- ENES Bioacoustics Research Lab, CRNL, University of Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Bjorn Merker
- Independent Scholar, SE-29194 Kristianstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghosh S, Cottingham KL, Reuman DC. Species relationships in the extremes and their influence on community stability. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200343. [PMID: 34420392 PMCID: PMC8380978 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchrony among population fluctuations of multiple coexisting species has a major impact on community stability, i.e. on the relative temporal constancy of aggregate properties such as total community biomass. However, synchrony and its impacts are usually measured using covariance methods, which do not account for whether species abundances may be more correlated when species are relatively common than when they are scarce, or vice versa. Recent work showed that species commonly exhibit such 'asymmetric tail associations'. We here consider the influence of asymmetric tail associations on community stability. We develop a 'skewness ratio' which quantifies how much species relationships and tail associations modify stability. The skewness ratio complements the classic variance ratio and related metrics. Using multi-decadal grassland datasets, we show that accounting for tail associations gives new viewpoints on synchrony and stability; e.g. species associations can alter community stability differentially for community crashes or explosions to high values, a fact not previously detectable. Species associations can mitigate explosions of community abundance to high values, increasing one aspect of stability, while simultaneously exacerbating crashes to low values, decreasing another aspect of stability; or vice versa. Our work initiates a new, more flexible paradigm for exploring species relationships and community stability. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamolina Ghosh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | | | - Daniel C. Reuman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Laboratory of Populations, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Greenfield MD, Aihara I, Amichay G, Anichini M, Nityananda V. Rhythm interaction in animal groups: selective attention in communication networks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200338. [PMID: 34420386 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals communicating interactively with conspecifics often time their broadcasts to avoid overlapping interference, to emit leading, as opposed to following, signals or to synchronize their signalling rhythms. Each of these adjustments becomes more difficult as the number of interactants increases beyond a pair. Among acoustic species, insects and anurans generally deal with the problem of group signalling by means of 'selective attention' in which they focus on several close or conspicuous neighbours and ignore the rest. In these animals, where signalling and receiving are often dictated by sex, the process of selective attention in signallers may have a parallel counterpart in receivers, which also focus on close neighbours. In birds and mammals, local groups tend to be extended families or clans, and group signalling may entail complex timing mechanisms that allow for attention to all individuals. In general, the mechanisms that allow animals to communicate in groups appear to be fully interwoven with the basic process of rhythmic signalling. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Greenfield
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Equipe Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle, ENES/Neuro-PSI, CNRS UMR 9197, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, 42023 Saint Etienne, France
| | - Ikkyu Aihara
- Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Guy Amichay
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marianna Anichini
- Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute for Advanced Study, 'Brain' Research Area, 27753 Delmenhorst, Germany.,Animal Physiology and Behavior Group, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Vivek Nityananda
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He S, Shao W, Han J. Have artificial lighting and noise pollution caused zoonosis and the COVID-19 pandemic? A review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 19:4021-4030. [PMID: 34366755 PMCID: PMC8325529 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Where did the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) come from? Did it spread to 'patient zero' through proactive human-animal contact? Why did humans faced an increasing number of zoonotic diseases in the past few decades? In this article, we propose a new theory by which human pollution such as artificial lighting and noise accentuate pathogen shedding from bats and other wild habitants in urban environments. This theory differs from the current hypothesis that wildlife trades and bushmeat consumption largely contribute to the spillover of zoonotic pathogens to humans. As natural reservoirs, bats harbor the greatest number of zoonotic viruses among all mammalian orders, while they also have a unique immune system to maintain functioning. Some bat species roost in proximity with human settlements, including urban communities and surrounding areas that are potentially most impacted by anthropogenic activities. We review the behavioral changes of wild habitants, including bats and other species, caused by environmental pollution such as artificial lighting and noise pollution, with focus on the spillover of zoonotic pathogens to humans. We found that there is a strong positive correlation between environmental stress and the behavior and health conditions of wild species, including bats. Specifically, artificial lighting attracts insectivorous bats to congregate around streetlights, resulting in changes in their diets and improved likelihood of close contact with humans and animals. Moreover, many bat species avoid lit areas by expending more energies on commuting and foraging. Noise pollution has similar effects on bat behavior. Bats exposed to chronic noise pollution have weakened immune functions, increased viral shedding, and declined immunity during pregnancy, lactation, and vulnerable periods due to noised-induced stress. Other wild species exposed to artificial lighting and noise pollution also show stress-induced behaviors and deteriorated health. Overall, evidence supports our hypothesis that artificial lighting and noise pollution have been overlooked as long-term contributors to the spillover of zoonotic pathogens to humans in urban environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Shao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|