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Ryser R, Chase JM, Gauzens B, Häussler J, Hirt MR, Rosenbaum B, Brose U. Landscape configuration can flip species-area relationships in dynamic meta-food-webs. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230138. [PMID: 38913064 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatial and trophic processes profoundly influence biodiversity, yet ecological theories often treat them independently. The theory of island biogeography and related theories on metacommunities predict higher species richness with increasing area across islands or habitat patches. In contrast, food-web theory explores the effects of traits and network structure on coexistence within local communities. Exploring the mechanisms by which landscape configurations interact with food-web dynamics in shaping metacommunities is important for our understanding of biodiversity. Here, we use a meta-food-web model to explore the role of landscape configuration in determining species richness and show that when habitat patches are interconnected by dispersal, more species can persist on smaller islands than predicted by classical theory. When patch sizes are spatially aggregated, this effect flattens the slope of the species-area relationship. Surprisingly, when landscapes have random patch-size distributions, the slope of the species-area relationships can even flip and become negative. This could be explained by higher biomass densities of lower trophic levels that then support species occupying higher trophic levels, which only persist on small and well-connected patches. This highlights the importance of simultaneously considering landscape configuration and local food-web dynamics to understand drivers of species-area relationships in metacommunities.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Ryser
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute for Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06108, Germany
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Johanna Häussler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Myriam R Hirt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
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He H, Li Y, Peng K, Zhang Y, Rutter RP, Jyväsjärvi J, Hämäläinen H, Kelly D, Chase JM, Ntislidou C, Loskutova O, Alcocer J, Jovem-Azevêdo D, Molozzi J, Wang J, Zhang M, Li K, Liu Z, Johansson LS, Søndergaard M, Cai Y, Wang H, Jeppesen E. Climate-associated variation in the drivers of benthic macroinvertebrate species-area relationships across shallow freshwater lakes. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:57-70. [PMID: 37975479 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The island species-area relationship (ISAR) describes how species richness increases with increasing area of a given island or island-like habitat, such as freshwater lakes. While the ISAR is one of the most common phenomena observed in ecology, there is variation in both the form of the relationship and its underlying mechanisms. We compiled a global data set of benthic macroinvertebrates from 524 shallow freshwater lakes, ranging from 1 to 293,300 ha in area. We used individual-based rarefaction to determine the degree to which ISAR was influenced by mechanisms other than passive sampling (larger islands passively sample more individuals from the regional pool and, therefore, have more species than smaller islands), which would bias results away from expected relationships between rarefied species richness (and other measures that capture relative abundances) and lake area. We also examined how climate may alter the shape of the ISARs. We found that both rarefied species richness (the number of species standardized by area or number of individuals) and a measure of evenness emphasizing common species exhibit shallow slopes in relationships with lake area, suggesting that the expected ISARs in these lakes most likely result from passive sampling. While there was considerable variation among ISARs across the investigated lakes, we found an overall positive rarefied ISAR for lakes in warm (i.e. tropical/subtropical) regions (n = 195), and in contrast, an overall negative rarefied ISAR in cool (i.e. north temperate) lakes (n = 329). This suggested that mechanisms beyond passive sampling (e.g. colonization-extinction dynamics and/or heterogeneity) were more likely to operate in warm lakes. One possible reason for this difference is that the area-dependent intensity of fish predation, which can lead to flatter ISARs, is weaker in warmer relative to cooler lakes. Our study illustrates the importance of understanding both the pattern and potential processes underlying the ISARs of freshwater lakes in different climatic regions. Furthermore, it provides a baseline for understanding how further changes to the ecosystem (i.e. in lake area or climate) might influence biodiversity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu He
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Peng
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - You Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Robert P Rutter
- Macroinvertebrate Identification Services, Port Charlotte, Florida, USA
| | - Jussi Jyväsjärvi
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Hämäläinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chrysoula Ntislidou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Loskutova
- Komi Scientific Center, Institute of Biology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Javier Alcocer
- Grupo de Investigación en Limnología Tropical, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | | | - Joseline Molozzi
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuanyi Li
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liselotte S Johansson
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Søndergaard
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yongjiu Cai
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Deng W, Yu GB, Yang XY, Xiao W. Testing the passive sampling hypothesis: The role of dispersal in shaping microbial species-area relationship. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1093695. [PMID: 36778859 PMCID: PMC9909023 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1093695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is one of the key processes determining biodiversity. The passive sampling hypothesis, which emphasizes dispersal processes, suggests that larger habitats receive more species from the species pool as the main mechanism leading to more species in larger habitats than in smaller habitats (i.e., species-area relationships). However, the specific mechanisms by which dispersion shapes biodiversity still need to be discovered due to the difficulties of quantifying dispersal and the influence of multiple factors. Solving the above problem with a designed experiment is necessary to test the passive sampling hypothesis. This study designed a passive sampling experiment using sterile filter paper to quantify the microbial diffusion process, excluding the effects of pure sampling effects, habitat heterogeneity, and extinction processes. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that a larger filter paper could receive more colonists, and the passive sampling hypothesis of SAR was confirmed. Dispersal shaped SAR by increasing species richness, especially rare species, and increasing the species replacement rate between habitats. These two processes are the mechanisms by which dispersal shapes biodiversity patterns. Compared with the results of this study, the commonly used mathematical model of passive sampling was able to predict the richness of non-rare species accurately but underestimated the richness of rare species. Underestimating rare species by mathematical models of passive sampling is more severe in small habitats. These findings provide new insights into the study of dispersal processes and the mechanism of species-area relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali, Yunnan, China,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Guo-Bin Yu
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali, Yunnan, China,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali, Yunnan, China,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Yan Yang, ✉
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali, Yunnan, China,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China,International Centre of Biodiversity and Primates Conservation, Dali, Yunnan, China,Yunling Black and White Snub-Nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan, China,Wen Xiao, ✉
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Complex ecological communities and the emergence of island species-area relationships. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-022-00545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt has been a century since the species-area relationship (SAR) was first proposed as a power law to explain how species richness scales with area. There have been many attempts to explain the origin of this predominant form. Apart from the power law, numerous empirical studies also report a semi-log form of the SAR, but very few have addressed its incidence. In this work, we test whether these relationships could emerge from the assembly of large random communities on island-like systems. The clustering of same-species individuals is central to our results, which we incorporate by modifying the self-interaction term in the generalized Lotka-Volterra equations. Our analysis demonstrates that the two most widely reported relationship forms can emerge due to differences in immigration rates and skewness towards weak interactions. We particularly highlight the incidence of the semi-log SAR for low immigration rates from a source pool, which is consistent with several previous empirical studies. The two SAR forms might show good fits to data over a large span of areas but a power-law overestimates species richness on smaller islands in remote archipelagoes.
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