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Zhao Y, Song M, Yu Z, Pang L, Zhang L, Karakassis I, Dimitriou PD, Yuan X. Transcriptomic Responses of a Lightly Calcified Echinoderm to Experimental Seawater Acidification and Warming during Early Development. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1520. [PMID: 38132346 PMCID: PMC10740944 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) and ocean warming (OW) are potential obstacles to the survival and growth of marine organisms, particularly those that rely on calcification. This study investigated the single and joint effects of OA and OW on sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus larvae raised under combinations of two temperatures (19 °C or 22 °C) and two pCO2 levels (400 or 1000 μatm) that reflect the current and end-of-21st-century projected ocean scenarios. The investigation focused on assessing larval development and identifying differences in gene expression patterns at four crucial embryo-larval stages (blastula, gastrula, auricularia, and doliolaria) of sea cucumbers, using RNA-seq. Results showed the detrimental effect of OA on the early development and body growth of A. japonicus larvae and a reduction in the expression of genes associated with biomineralization, skeletogenesis, and ion homeostasis. This effect was particularly pronounced during the doliolaria stage, indicating the presence of bottlenecks in larval development at this transition phase between the larval and megalopa stages in response to OA. OW accelerated the larval development across four stages of A. japonicus, especially at the blastula and doliolaria stages, but resulted in a widespread upregulation of genes related to heat shock proteins, antioxidant defense, and immune response. Significantly, the negative effects of elevated pCO2 on the developmental process of larvae appeared to be mitigated when accompanied by increased temperatures at the expense of reduced immune resilience and increased system fragility. These findings suggest that alterations in gene expression within the larvae of A. japonicus provide a mechanism to adapt to stressors arising from a rapidly changing oceanic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Mingshan Song
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhenglin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ioannis Karakassis
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Crete, GR 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panagiotis D. Dimitriou
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Crete, GR 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Xiutang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
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Ishaq SL, Turner SM, Lee G, Tudor MS, MacRae JD, Hamlin H, Bouchard D. Water temperature and disease alters bacterial diversity and cultivability from American lobster ( Homarus americanus) shells. iScience 2023; 26:106606. [PMID: 37128602 PMCID: PMC10148122 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The American lobster, Homarus americanus, is an economically valuable and ecologically important crustacean along the North Atlantic coast of North America. Populations in southern locations have declined in recent decades due to increasing ocean temperatures and disease, and these circumstances are progressing northward. We monitored 57 adult female lobsters, healthy and shell diseased, under three seasonal temperature cycles for a year, to track shell bacterial communities using culturing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, progression of epizootic shell disease using visual assessment, and antimicrobial activity of hemolymph. The richness of bacterial taxa present, evenness of abundance, and community similarity between lobsters was affected by water temperature at the time of sampling, water temperature over time based on seasonal temperature regimes, shell disease severity, and molt stage. Several bacteria were prevalent on healthy lobster shells but missing or less abundant on diseased shells, although some bacteria were found on all shells regardless of health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L. Ishaq
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Sarah M. Turner
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Cooperative Extension, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M. Scarlett Tudor
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Cooperative Extension, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Jean D. MacRae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Heather Hamlin
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Deborah Bouchard
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Cooperative Extension, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
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Wos G, Palomar G, Marszałek M, Babik W, Sniegula S. The effect of temperature and invasive alien predator on genetic and phenotypic variation in the damselfly Ischnura elegans: cross-latitude comparison. Front Zool 2023; 20:13. [PMID: 37032330 PMCID: PMC10084621 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-023-00494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding and predicting how organisms respond to human-caused environmental changes has become a major concern in conservation biology. Here, we linked gene expression and phenotypic data to identify candidate genes underlying existing phenotypic trait differentiation under individual and combined environmental variables. For this purpose, we used the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Egg clutches from replicated high- (southern Sweden) and central-latitude (southern Poland) populations facing different degrees of seasonal time constraints were collected. Damselfly larvae were exposed to experimental treatments: current and mild warming temperatures crossed with the presence or absence of an invasive alien predator cue released by the spiny-cheek crayfish, Faxonius limosus, which is only present in Poland to date. We measured the following traits: larval development time, body size, mass and growth rate, and used the larvae for gene expression analysis by RNA-seq. Data were analysed using a multivariate approach. RESULTS We showed latitudinal differences in coping with mild warming and predator cues. When exposed to an increased temperature and a predator cue, central-latitude individuals had the shortest development and the fastest growth compared to high-latitude individuals. There was a general effect of predator cues regarding mass and growth rate reduction independent of latitude. Transcriptome analysis revealed that metabolic pathways related to larval anatomy and development tended to be upregulated in response to mild warming but only in fast-growing central-latitude individuals. Metabolic pathways linked to oxidative stress tended to be downregulated in response to a predator cue, especially in central-latitude individuals. CONCLUSION Different phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to environmental factors might be attributed to the variability in I. elegans life history strategies between the two latitudes caused by seasonal time constraints and to its coexistence with the invasive alien predator in nature. By providing insights into how organisms may respond to future anthropogenic changes, our results may be of particular interest in conservation biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Wos
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Gemma Palomar
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, C/Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marzena Marszałek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiesław Babik
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Sniegula
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
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Ferraz MA, Kiyama AC, Primel EG, Barbosa SC, Castro ÍB, Choueri RB, Gallucci F. Does pH variation influence the toxicity of organic contaminants in estuarine sediments? Effects of Irgarol on nematode assemblages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152944. [PMID: 35007601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural pH values in coastal waters vary largely among locations, ecosystems, and time periods; still, there is an ongoing acidification trend. In this scenario, more acidic pH values can alter bioavailability of organic contaminants, to organisms. Despite this, interactive effects between pH and chemical substances are not usually considered in Ecological Risk Assessment protocols. This study investigated the effects of pH on the toxicity of a hydrophobic organic compound on a benthic community using a microcosm experiment setup to assess the response of nematode assemblages exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Irgarol at two natural pH conditions. Estuarine nematode assemblages were exposed to two concentrations of Irgarol at pH 7.0 and 8.0 for periods of 7 and 35 days. Lower diversity of nematode genera was observed at the highest tested Irgarol concentration (1281 ± 65 ng.g-1). The results showed that the effects of Irgarol contamination were independent of pH variation, indicating no influence of acidification within this range on the toxicity of Irgarol to benthic meiofauna. However, the results showed that estuarine nematode assemblages are impacted by long-term exposure to low (but naturally occurring) pHs. This indicates that estuarine organisms may be under naturally high physiological pressure and that permanent changes in the ecosystem's environmental factors, such as future coastal ocean acidification, may drive organisms closer to the edges of their tolerance windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Aliceda Ferraz
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo 168, 11030-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kiyama
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo 168, 11030-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Caldas Barbosa
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo 168, 11030-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo 168, 11030-100 Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabiane Gallucci
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo 168, 11030-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
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Noisette F, Calosi P, Madeira D, Chemel M, Menu-Courey K, Piedalue S, Gurney-Smith H, Daoud D, Azetsu-Scott K. Tolerant Larvae and Sensitive Juveniles: Integrating Metabolomics and Whole-Organism Responses to Define Life-Stage Specific Sensitivity to Ocean Acidification in the American Lobster. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090584. [PMID: 34564400 PMCID: PMC8467062 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bentho-pelagic life cycles are the dominant reproductive strategy in marine invertebrates, providing great dispersal ability, access to different resources, and the opportunity to settle in suitable habitats upon the trigger of environmental cues at key developmental moments. However, free-dispersing larvae can be highly sensitive to environmental changes. Among these, the magnitude and the occurrence of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in oceanic habitats is predicted to exacerbate over the next decades, particularly in coastal areas, reaching levels beyond those historically experienced by most marine organisms. Here, we aimed to determine the sensitivity to elevated pCO2 of successive life stages of a marine invertebrate species with a bentho-pelagic life cycle, exposed continuously during its early ontogeny, whilst providing in-depth insights on their metabolic responses. We selected, as an ideal study species, the American lobster Homarus americanus, and investigated life history traits, whole-organism physiology, and metabolomic fingerprints from larval stage I to juvenile stage V exposed to different pCO2 levels. Current and future ocean acidification scenarios were tested, as well as extreme high pCO2/low pH conditions that are predicted to occur in coastal benthic habitats and with leakages from underwater carbon capture storage (CCS) sites. Larvae demonstrated greater tolerance to elevated pCO2, showing no significant changes in survival, developmental time, morphology, and mineralisation, although they underwent intense metabolomic reprogramming. Conversely, juveniles showed the inverse pattern, with a reduction in survival and an increase in development time at the highest pCO2 levels tested, with no indication of metabolomic reprogramming. Metabolomic sensitivity to elevated pCO2 increased until metamorphosis (between larval and juvenile stages) and decreased afterward, suggesting this transition as a metabolic keystone for marine invertebrates with complex life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Noisette
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada; (M.C.); (K.M.-C.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Piero Calosi
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada; (M.C.); (K.M.-C.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Diana Madeira
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal;
| | - Mathilde Chemel
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada; (M.C.); (K.M.-C.); (S.P.)
| | - Kayla Menu-Courey
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada; (M.C.); (K.M.-C.); (S.P.)
| | - Sarah Piedalue
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada; (M.C.); (K.M.-C.); (S.P.)
| | - Helen Gurney-Smith
- Saint Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 125 Marine Science Drive, Saint Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada;
| | - Dounia Daoud
- Homarus Inc., 408 rue Main, Shediac, NB E4P 2G1, Canada;
- EcoNov, 44 ave Bromley, Moncton, NB E1C 5T9, Canada
| | - Kumiko Azetsu-Scott
- Bedford Institute Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada;
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Lopez-Anido RN, Harrington AM, Hamlin HJ. Coping with stress in a warming Gulf: the postlarval American lobster's cellular stress response under future warming scenarios. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:721-734. [PMID: 34115338 PMCID: PMC8275755 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gulf of the Maine (GoM) is one of the fastest warming bodies of water in the world, posing serious physiological challenges to its marine inhabitants. Marine organisms can cope with the cellular and molecular stresses created by climate change through changes in gene expression. We used transcriptomics to examine how exposure to current summer temperatures (16 °C) or temperature regimes reflective of projected moderate and severe warming conditions (18 °C and 22 °C, respectively) during larval development alters expression of transcripts affiliated with the cellular stress response (CSR) in postlarval American lobsters (Homarus americanus). We identified 26 significantly differentially expressed (DE) transcripts annotated to CSR proteins. Specifically, transcripts for proteins affiliated with heat shock, the ubiquitin family, DNA repair, and apoptosis were significantly over-expressed in lobsters reared at higher temperatures relative to current conditions. Substantial variation in the CSR expression between postlarvae reared at 18 °C and those reared at 22 °C suggests that postlarvae reared under severe warming may have a hindered ability to cope with the physiological and molecular challenges of ocean warming. These results highlight that postlarval American lobsters may experience significant heat stress as rapid warming in the GoM continues, potentially compromising their ability to prevent cellular damage and inhibiting the reallocation of cellular energy towards other physiological functions beyond activation of the CSR. Moreover, this study establishes additional American lobster stress markers and addresses various knowledge gaps in crustacean biology, where sufficient 'omics research is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amalia M Harrington
- Maine Sea Grant College Program, University of Maine, 5741 Libby Hall, Room 121, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Heather J Hamlin
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
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