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Zaman W, Lee EM, Park S. Endemic species analysis: Foliar epidermal anatomical characters of Aster glehnii F. Schmidt (Asteraceae). Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1640-1646. [PMID: 38450874 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The classification and identification of Aster glehnii F. Schmidt are determined from its foliar epidermal anatomical features. Scanning electronic microscopy has been used to determine the foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of the species in detail. This study compared the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermis of A. glehnii for taxonomic identification to be used as a reference for future studies on the species. A. glehnii has smooth, thin cuticles, depressed anomocytic stomata dispersed randomly throughout the leaf surface, polygonal epidermal cells with straight to slightly curved anticlinal walls, and no trichomes. There are obvious veins containing thick-walled bundle sheath cells. The stomatal density is between 100 and 150 stomata per millimeter. The vein density ranges from five to 10 veins per millimeter, and the epidermal cells are 10 to 20 μm long and 5 to 10 μm in width. Understanding the connections between the different A. glehnii species and categorizing and identifying them depend heavily on these foliar epidermal structural features. Taxonomy and conservation are closely intertwined because the former serves as the basis for comprehending and safeguarding biodiversity. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Optical microscopy of the A. glehnii leaf epidermis for taxonomic identification SEM was used to identify and authenticate endemic species Microscopic identification of endemic species can assist in the conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - SeonJoo Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Zander RH. Lineages of Fractal Genera Comprise the 88-Million-Year Steel Evolutionary Spine of the Ecosphere. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1559. [PMID: 38891367 PMCID: PMC11174399 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Fractal evolution is apparently effective in selectively preserving environmentally resilient traits for more than 80 million years in Streptotrichaceae (Bryophyta). An analysis simulated maximum destruction of ancestral traits in that large lineage. The constraints enforced were the preservation of newest ancestral traits, and all immediate descendant species obtained different new traits. Maximum character state changes in ancestral traits were 16 percent of all possible traits in any one sub-lineage, or 73 percent total of the entire lineage. Results showed, however, that only four ancestral traits were permanently eliminated in any one lineage or sub-lineage. A lineage maintains maximum biodiversity of temporally and regionally survival-effective traits at minimum expense to resilience across a geologic time of 88 million years for the group studied. Similar processes generating an extant punctuated equilibrium as bursts of about four descendants per genus and one genus per 1-2 epochs are possible in other living groups given similar emergent processes. The mechanism is considered complexity-related, the lineage being a self-organized emergent phenomenon strongly maintained in the ecosphere by natural selection on fractal genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Zander
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MI 63110, USA
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Mercado-Díaz JA, Lücking R, Moncada B, C St E Campbell K, Delnatte C, Familia L, Falcón-Hidalgo B, Motito-Marín A, Rivera-Queralta Y, Widhelm TJ, Thorsten Lumbsch H. Species assemblages of insular Caribbean Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigerales) over ecological and evolutionary time scales. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107830. [PMID: 37247703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic approaches to macroevolution have provided unique insight into evolutionary relationships, ancestral ranges, and diversification patterns for many taxa. Similar frameworks have also been developed to assess how environmental and/or spatial variables shape species diversity and distribution patterns at different spatial/temporal scales, but studies implementing these are still scarce for many groups, including lichens. Here, we combine phylogeny-based ancestral range reconstruction and diversification analysis with community phylogenetics to reconstruct evolutionary origins and assess patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic relatedness between island communities of the lichenized fungal genus Sticta in the Caribbean. Sampling was carried out in the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico) and Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Guadeloupe, and Martinique). Data for six molecular loci were obtained for 64 candidate Caribbean species and used to perform both macroevolutionary phylogenetics, which also included worldwide taxa, and phylobetadiversity analyses, which emphasized island-level communities. Our work uncovered high levels of island endemism (∼59%) in Caribbean Sticta. We estimate initial colonization of the region occurred about 19 Mya from a South American ancestor. Reverse migration events by Caribbean lineages to South America were also inferred. We found no evidence for increased diversification rates associated with range expansion into the Caribbean. Taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover between island-level communities was most strongly correlated with environmental variation rather than with geographic distance. We observed less dissimilarity among communities from the Dominican Republic and Jamaica than between these islands and the Lesser Antilles/Puerto Rico. High levels of hidden diversity and endemism in Caribbean Sticta reaffirm that islands are crucial for the maintenance of global biodiversity of lichenized fungi. Altogether, our findings suggest that strong evolutionary links exist between Caribbean and South American biotas but at regional scales, species assemblages exhibit complex taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships that are determined by local environments and shared evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Mercado-Díaz
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago 1025 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, U.S.A; Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.
| | - Robert Lücking
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bibiana Moncada
- Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cra. 4 No. 26B-54, Torre de Laboratorios, Herbario, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Keron C St E Campbell
- Natural History Museum of Jamaica, Institute of Jamaica, 10-16 East Street, Kingston, Jamaica.
| | - Cesar Delnatte
- Biotope Amazonie, 3 rue Mezin Gildon, F-97354 Rémire-Montjoly, Guyane française.
| | - Lemuel Familia
- Departamento de Vida Silvestre, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Avenida Cayetano Germosén esq. Avenida Gregorio Luperón, Ensanche El Pedregal, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
| | - Banessa Falcón-Hidalgo
- Jardín Botánico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana, Carretera "El Rocío" km 3.5, Calabazar, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Angel Motito-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BioEco), Código Postal 90100, José A. Saco 601, Esquina Barnada, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
| | - Yoira Rivera-Queralta
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BioEco), Código Postal 90100, José A. Saco 601, Esquina Barnada, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
| | - Todd J Widhelm
- Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.
| | - H Thorsten Lumbsch
- Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.
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Jiménez-Ortega D, Valente L, Dugo-Cota Á, Rabosky DL, Vilà C, Gonzalez-Voyer A. Diversification dynamics in Caribbean rain frogs ( Eleutherodactylus) are uncoupled from the anuran community and consistent with adaptive radiation. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222171. [PMID: 36629104 PMCID: PMC9832552 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation is proposed to play a key role in generating differences in species richness among lineages and geographical regions. Due to the importance of ecological divergence in adaptive radiation, species richness is predicted to be influenced by equilibrium diversity dynamics, although the concept continues to generate much debate. An additional important question is whether radiating clades have intrinsic biological characteristics that make them particularly prone to diversify. We tackle these questions by analysing (i) the temporal patterns of diversification of Caribbean Eleutherodactylus frogs, and (ii) assembly of the complete native anuran community of the Caribbean archipelago (197 species), testing for the presence of equilibrium dynamics and whether diversification patterns of Eleutherodactylus differ from those of the rest of the Caribbean anurans. Diversification rates follow the predicted pattern of rapid diversification early in the radiation which gradually decreases towards the present. Eleutherodactylus diversification is significantly faster than that of the Caribbean anuran community, and although equilibrium dynamics influence richness of all Caribbean anurans, Eleutherodactylus shows higher carrying capacity. Our results indicate that ecological opportunity per se is not sufficient for adaptive radiation and that diverse lineages present intrinsic characteristics that enable them to make the most of available opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Jiménez-Ortega
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Luis Valente
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Álvaro Dugo-Cota
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Daniel L. Rabosky
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carles Vilà
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville 41092, Spain
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Graboski R, Grazziotin FG, Mott T, Trefaut Rodrigues M. The phylogenetic position of Ridley's worm lizard reveals the complex biogeographic history of New World insular amphisbaenids. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 173:107518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mohammed RS, Turner G, Fowler K, Pateman M, Nieves-Colón MA, Fanovich L, Cooke SB, Dávalos LM, Fitzpatrick SM, Giovas CM, Stokowski M, Wrean AA, Kemp M, LeFebvre MJ, Mychajliw AM. Colonial legacies influence biodiversity lessons: how past trade routes and power dynamics shape present-day scientific research and professional opportunities for Caribbean scientists. Am Nat 2022; 200:140-155. [DOI: 10.1086/720154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sartori M. A new species of Neohagenulus Traver, 1938 from Hispaniola (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulinae, Hagenulini). Zookeys 2021; 1070:41-50. [PMID: 34819770 PMCID: PMC8599384 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1070.73484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, I report a new species of the genus Neohagenulus Traver, 1938 from the Dominican Republic. The genus was believed to be endemic to Puerto Rico until now. Neohagenulushodecekisp. nov. is described at the nymphal stage. Some discussion on the tribe Hagenulini is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Sartori
- Museum of Zoology, Palais de Rumine, Place Riponne 6, CH-1014,Lausanne, Switzerland Museum of Zoology Lausanne Switzerland.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
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Spikes M, Rodríguez-Silva R, Bennett KA, Bräger S, Josaphat J, Torres-Pineda P, Ernst A, Havenstein K, Schlupp I, Tiedemann R. A phylogeny of the genus Limia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) suggests a single-lake radiation nested in a Caribbean-wide allopatric speciation scenario. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:425. [PMID: 34823576 PMCID: PMC8613956 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Caribbean is an important global biodiversity hotspot. Adaptive radiations there lead to many speciation events within a limited period and hence are particularly prominent biodiversity generators. A prime example are freshwater fish of the genus Limia, endemic to the Greater Antilles. Within Hispaniola, nine species have been described from a single isolated site, Lake Miragoâne, pointing towards extraordinary sympatric speciation. This study examines the evolutionary history of the Limia species in Lake Miragoâne, relative to their congeners throughout the Caribbean. RESULTS For 12 Limia species, we obtained almost complete sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, a well-established marker for lower-level taxonomic relationships. We included sequences of six further Limia species from GenBank (total N = 18 species). Our phylogenies are in concordance with other published phylogenies of Limia. There is strong support that the species found in Lake Miragoâne in Haiti are monophyletic, confirming a recent local radiation. Within Lake Miragoâne, speciation is likely extremely recent, leading to incomplete lineage sorting in the mtDNA. Future studies using multiple unlinked genetic markers are needed to disentangle the relationships within the Lake Miragoâne clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montrai Spikes
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Rodet Rodríguez-Silva
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Kerri-Ann Bennett
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies (Mona Campus), Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Stefan Bräger
- German Oceanographic Museum (DMM), Katharinenberg 14-20, 18439, Stralsund, Germany
| | - James Josaphat
- Caribaea Intitiative and Université Des Antilles, Guadeloupe, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Patricia Torres-Pineda
- Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Prof. "Eugenio de Jesús Marcano", Avenida Cesar Nicolás Penson, 10204, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
| | - Anja Ernst
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katja Havenstein
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Brown TW, Augustinus E, Izaguirre A, Solis JM. Central American Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae, Chelydra rossignonii) on Utila Island, Honduras, Demonstrates Hurricanes are a Likely Past and Future Oversea Dispersal Pathway for Species Introduction in the Caribbean. CARIBB J SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v51i1.a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom W. Brown
- Kanahau Utila Research & Conservation Facility, Isla de Utila, Islas de la Bahía, Honduras;
| | - Ely Augustinus
- Bay Islands Conservation Association (BICA), Isla de Utila, Islas de la Bahía, Honduras; ;
| | - Andrea Izaguirre
- Bay Islands Conservation Association (BICA), Isla de Utila, Islas de la Bahía, Honduras; ;
| | - Jose Mario Solis
- Mesoamerican and Caribbean Network for the Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles, Red MesoHerp Network
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