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Johnson SD, Balducci MG. Settling moth pollination of a rare orchid in the Habenaria clade revealed with close-focusing camera traps. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 39046935 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
It is challenging to make nocturnal observations of the natural behaviour of flower-visiting moths as they are highly sensitive to visible artificial light sources. One solution, implemented here, is to use specially-adapted close-focusing camera traps that rely on infrared wavelengths for detection and illumination of small insect subjects. We investigated the pollination system of Bonatea saundersiodes, a rare African terrestrial orchid that is phylogenetically nested in the large Habenaria clade. We used modified camera traps and direct observations to study the pollination system of B. saundersioides. We quantified floral traits, including morphology, nectar, spectral reflectance and scent chemistry. Flowers of this orchid species were found to be pollinated exclusively by settling noctuid moths. Moth visits to the orchid were recorded throughout the night, with peaks of activity after dusk and just before dawn. Pollinaria of the orchid are attached between the palps of visiting moths. Floral traits generally consistent with settling moth pollination include the relatively short floral spurs (ca. 20 mm) containing small amounts of nectar, white and green perianth segments, and the floral scent which is produced at night and is dominated by β-ocimene and other terpenoid compounds. This study demonstrates that close-focusing camera traps have tremendous potential to improve our understanding of plant-pollinator interactions which are not easy to study using traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Johnson
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - M G Balducci
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Qiu L, Jacquemyn H, Burgess KS, Zhang LG, Zhou YD, Yang BY, Tan SL. Contrasting range changes of terrestrial orchids under future climate change in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165128. [PMID: 37364836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has impacted the distribution and abundance of numerous plant and animal species during the last century. Orchidaceae is one of the largest yet most threatened families of flowering plants. However, how the geographical distribution of orchids will respond to climate change is largely unknown. Habenaria and Calanthe are among the largest terrestrial orchid genera in China and around the world. In this paper, we modeled the potential distribution of eight Habenaria species and ten Calanthe species in China under the near-current period (1970-2000) and the future period (2081-2100) to test the following two hypotheses: 1) narrow-ranged species are more vulnerable to climate change than wide-ranged species; 2) niche overlap between species is positively correlated with their phylogenetic relatedness. Our results showed that most Habenaria species will expand their ranges, although the climatic space at the southern edge will be lost for most Habenaria species. In contrast, most Calanthe species will shrink their ranges dramatically. Contrasting range changes between Habenaria and Calanthe species may be explained by their differences in climate-adaptive traits such as underground storage organs and evergreen/deciduous habits. Habenaria species are predicted to generally shift northwards and to higher elevations in the future, while Calanthe species are predicted to shift westwards and to higher elevations. The mean niche overlap among Calanthe species was higher than that of Habenaria species. No significant relationship between niche overlap and phylogenetic distance was detected for both Habenaria and Calanthe species. Species range changes in the future was also not correlated with their near current range sizes for both Habenaria and Calanthe. The results of this study suggest that the current conservation status of both Habenaria and Calanthe species should be adjusted. Our study highlights the importance of considering climate-adaptive traits in understanding the responses of orchid taxa to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- KU Leuven, Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin S Burgess
- Department of Biology, College of Letters & Sciences, Columbus State University, University System of Georgia, Columbus, GA 31907-5645, USA
| | - Li-Guo Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ya-Dong Zhou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo-Yun Yang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shao-Lin Tan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China.
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Lehner S, Schulz S, Dötterl S. The mystery of the butterfly bush Buddleja davidii: How are the butterflies attracted? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994851. [PMID: 36119599 PMCID: PMC9478603 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many plant species are pollinated by butterflies. These insects are primarily attracted by visual flower cues, however, butterflies are also known to respond to flower scents and some butterfly-pollinated plants are strongly scented. One of such plants is the butterfly bush, Buddleja davidii, which is a magnet for butterflies. It is widespread in its native region in Asia and famous for its success in invasive spreading in regions throughout the world. Due to its attractiveness to butterflies and its beautiful and conspicuous inflorescences, it also is an important ornamental, found in many gardens. Here, we elucidated the signaling between the butterfly bush and one of its abundant visitors, the peacock butterfly (Aglais io), using chemical and behavioral approaches. We found that olfactory cues are more attractive than visual cues, and that feeding behavior is only elicited by olfactory cues, most effectively by 4-oxoisophorone and oxoisophorone epoxide. The latter compound was not known to elicit behavioral responses in pollinators before this study. The relative importance of olfactory cues was higher in our study than previously observed in any butterfly pollination system. The identified attractants might contribute to the widespread occurrence of the butterfly bush in its native region in Asia and its success in invasive spreading in regions throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lehner
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Zhang HP, Tao ZB, Trunschke J, Shrestha M, Scaccabarozzi D, Wang H, Ren ZX. Reproductive Isolation Among Three Nocturnal Moth-Pollinated Sympatric Habenaria Species (Orchidaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:908852. [PMID: 35812980 PMCID: PMC9257206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.908852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Comparison and quantification of multiple pre- and post-pollination barriers to interspecific hybridization are important to understand the factors promoting reproductive isolation. Such isolating factors have been studied recently in many flowering plant species which seek after the general roles and relative strengths of different pre- and post-pollination barriers. In this study, we quantified six isolating factors (ecogeographic isolation, phenological isolation, pollinator isolation, pollinia-pistil interactions, fruit production, and seed development) that could possibly be acting as reproductive barriers at different stages among three sympatric Habenaria species (H. limprichtii, H. davidii, and H. delavayi). These three species overlap geographically but occupy different microhabitats varying in soil water content. They were isolated through pollinator interactions both ethologically (pollinator preference) and mechanically (pollinia attachment site), but to a variable degree for different species pairs. Interspecific crosses between H. limprichtii and H. davidii result in high fruit set, and embryo development suggested weak post-pollination barriers, whereas bidirectional crosses of H. delavayi with either of the other two species fail to produce fruits. Our results revealed that pollinators were the most important isolating barrier including both ethological and mechanical mechanisms, to maintain the boundaries among these three sympatric Habenaria species. Our study also highlights the importance of a combination of pre-and post-pollination barriers for species co-existence in Orchidaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Judith Trunschke
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, China
| | - Mani Shrestha
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Daniela Scaccabarozzi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Hong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Lijiang, China
| | - Zong-Xin Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Lijiang, China
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van der Voort GE, Gilmore SR, Gorrell JC, Janes JK. Continuous video capture, and pollinia tracking, in Platanthera (Orchidaceae) reveal new insect visitors and potential pollinators. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13191. [PMID: 35573171 PMCID: PMC9097665 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchids often have specific pollinators, which should provide reproductive isolation, yet many produce natural hybrids. Platanthera dilatata and P. stricta differ in floral morphology but often co-occur, overlap in flowering, and are reputed parents of P. xestesii. We used motion-triggered video detection units to monitor floral visitors of P. dilatata and P. stricta on Vancouver Island, Canada. Pollinia removal in P. dilatata was observed using histochemical staining, and cross-pollinations were performed to determine compatibility. From 1,152 h, 753 videos were recorded; 655 contained insects and 91 contained arachnids. Bumblebees, butterflies, and moths removed pollinia from P. dilatata. No pollinia removal was observed from P. stricta. Five videos showed insects moving between Platanthera species. Pollinia removal rates were low. Hand-pollinations resulted in capsule development and seed production. This study adds to the known diversity of insects interacting with these orchids, and highlights regional differences in floral visitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E. van der Voort
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada,Biology, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Jasmine K. Janes
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada,Biology, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada,Species Survival Commission, Orchid Specialist Group, North America, IUCN, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
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Brzosko E, Mirski P. Floral Nectar Chemistry in Orchids: A Short Review and Meta-Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2315. [PMID: 34834677 PMCID: PMC8620889 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nectar is one of the most important flower traits, shaping plant-pollinator interactions and reproductive success. Despite Orchidaceae including numerous nectariferous species, nectar chemistry in this family has been infrequently studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compile data about nectar attributes in different orchid species. The scarcity of data restricted analyses to sugar concentration and composition. Our results suggest that the most important factor shaping nectar traits in orchids is the pollinator type, although we also found differentiation of nectar traits according to geographical regions. In spurred orchids, the length of the spur impacted nectar traits. We recommend the development of studies on nectar chemistry in orchids, including a wider range of species (both in taxonomic and geographical contexts), as well as extending the analyses to other nectar components (such as amino acids and secondary metabolites). The nectar biome would be also worth investigating, since it could affect the chemical composition of nectar. This will enrich the understanding of the mechanisms of plants-pollinators interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Brzosko
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Mirski
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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