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Wróblewska A, Ostrowiecka B, Brzosko E, Jermakowicz E, Tałałaj I, Mirski P. The patterns of inbreeding depression in food-deceptive Dactylorhiza orchids. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1244393. [PMID: 38590747 PMCID: PMC10999633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1244393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Inbreeding depression (ID) in food-deceptive plants have been reported previously, however, it has not been often proven that selfed seeds germinate better than outbred ones or that selfing affects ID. To resolved these issues, food-deceptive related Dactylorhiza majalis, D. incarnata var. incarnata and D. fuchsii orchids were investigated. Methods Hand pollination treatments and control pollination were conducted. Fruit set, number of seeds per fruit, seed length, number of well-developed seeds per fruit, and proportion of in vitro asymbiotic germination seeds, were analyzed in relation to inflorescence levels and used as fitness indicators for these orchids. The ID and pollen limitation were measured. Results The lowest ID (δ = -1.000) was in D. majalis, and present in combination with a high pollen limitation in its populations. D. fuchsii showed higher ID (δ = 0.366), and D. incarnata var. incarnata weak ID (δ = 0.065), although ID varied between its fitness components. The seed number per fruit differed significantly between the treatments and the inflorescence levels in treatments. Discussion This study emphasizes that the breeding system rather than the flower position on the inflorescence shaped the quality and quantity of reproductive output. The ID and its effect on germination of food-deceptive orchid seeds undoubtedly played an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Wróblewska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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Brzosko E, Bajguz A, Burzyńska J, Chmur M. In Which Way Do the Flower Properties of the Specialist Orchid Goodyera repens Meet the Requirements of Its Generalist Pollinators? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108602. [PMID: 37239948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is the next part of a series of studies documenting the influence of flower traits on the reproductive success (RS) of orchids. Knowledge of factors influencing RS helps to understand the mechanisms and processes crucial for shaping plant-pollinator interactions. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of flower structure and nectar composition in shaping the RS of the specialist orchid Goodyea repens, which is pollinated by generalist bumblebees. We found a high level of pollinaria removal (PR) and female reproductive success (fruiting, FRS) as well as a high level of variation between populations, although in certain populations pollination efficiency was low. Floral display traits, mainly inflorescence length, influenced FRS in certain populations. Among the flower traits, only the height of flowers was correlated with FRS in one population, suggesting that the flower structure of this orchid is well adapted to pollination by bumblebees. The nectar of G. repens is diluted and dominated by hexoses. Sugars were less important in shaping RS than amino acids. At the species level, twenty proteogenic and six non-proteogenic AAs were noted, along with their differentiated amounts and participation in particular populations. We found that distinct AAs or their groups mainly shaped PR, especially when correlations were considered at the species level. Our results suggest that both the individual nectar components and the ratios between them have an impact on G. repens RS. Because different nectar components influence the RS parameters in different ways (i.e., negatively or positively), we suggest that different Bombus species play the role of main pollinators in distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Brzosko
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Burzyńska
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmur
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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Brzosko E, Bajguz A, Burzyńska J, Chmur M. Does Reproductive Success in Natural and Anthropogenic Populations of Generalist Epipactis helleborine Depend on Flower Morphology and Nectar Composition? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4276. [PMID: 36901705 PMCID: PMC10001846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine the role of flower structure and nectar composition in shaping the reproductive success (RS) of the generalist orchid Epipactis helleborine in natural and anthropogenic populations. We supposed that the distinct character of two groups of habitats creates different conditions for plant-pollinator relationships, thus influencing reproductive success in E. helleborine populations. Both pollinaria removal (PR) and fruiting (FRS) were differentiated between the populations. On average, FRS was almost two times higher in the anthropogenic than in the natural populations. The difference between the two population groups in PR was smaller but still statistically significant. RS parameters were correlated with some floral display and flower traits. Floral display influenced RS only in three anthropogenic populations. Flower traits had a weak influence on RS (10 of the 192 cases analyzed). The more important trait in shaping RS was nectar chemistry. The nectar of E. helleborine is relatively diluted with a lower sugar concentration in the anthropogenic than in the natural populations. In the natural populations, domination of sucrose over hexoses was found, while in the anthropogenic populations, hexoses were more abundant and the participation of sugars was balanced. In some populations, sugars influenced RS. In E. helleborine nectar, 20 proteogenic and 7 non-proteogenic amino acids (AAs) were found with a clear domination of glutamic acid. We noted relationships between some AAs and RS, but distinct AAs shaped RS in different populations, and their impact was independent of their participation. Our results indicate that the flower structure and nectar composition of E. helleborine reflect its generalistic character and meet the requirements of a wide range of pollinators. Simultaneously, the differentiation of flower traits suggests a variation in pollinator assemblages in particular populations. Knowledge about the factors influencing RS in distinct habitats helps to understand the evolutionary potential of species and to understand mechanisms and processes crucial for shaping interactions between plants and pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Brzosko
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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Brzosko E, Frąckiel K, Jermakowicz E, Mirski P, Ostrowiecka B, Tałałaj I. Pollen transfer and patterns of reproductive success in pure and mixed populations of nectariferous Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha (Orchidaceae). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13362. [PMID: 35722265 PMCID: PMC9202541 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant species evolution is driven by many factors that have different roles in space and time. Using different field and laboratory methods, we studied reproductive patterns and their determinants in pure and mixed P. bifolia and P. chlorantha populations in different habitats. We also considered the probability of hybridisation between these two species and the role of intra-population processes in maintaining species integrity. Generally, we found a high level of reproductive success in both Platantherans. In both species, male (MRS) and female (FRS) reproductive success depended on floral display, and male reproductive success additionally on population structure. The flower traits were only weakly related to reproductive success. Moths' assemblages varied spatially and temporally, and their diversity and numbers were correlated with MRS in the year, when their abundance was markedly lower. Analysis of patterns of pollen transfer showed that pollen was transported up to 25 m (average 8.2 ± 4.83 m) and showed gene exchange between these two Platanthera species. The germination level of both species was significantly lower than seed viability, although P. bifolia seed germinated with higher frequency than P. chlorantha seeds. We noted differences in viability and germination of seeds developed as an effect of experimental interspecies crossings and those developed from natural pollination. The presence of intermediate ecotypes together with observations of spontaneous interspecies crosses in the field and viability of seeds produced in interspecies crossing suggest that both pre- and postzygotic reproductive barriers are not complete and do not prevent hybrid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Brzosko
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Podlasie, Poland
| | | | - Edyta Jermakowicz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Podlasie, Poland
| | - Paweł Mirski
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Podlasie, Poland
| | - Beata Ostrowiecka
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Podlasie, Poland
| | - Izabela Tałałaj
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Podlasie, Poland
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Ryniewicz J, Roguz K, Mirski P, Brzosko E, Skłodowski M, Wróblewska A, Ostrowiecka B, Tałałaj I, Jermakowicz E, Zych M. Spatiotemporal Variations in Seed Set and Pollen Limitation in Populations of the Rare Generalist Species Polemonium caeruleum in Poland. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:755830. [PMID: 35046972 PMCID: PMC8761629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.755830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A vast majority of angiosperms are pollinated by animals, and a decline in the number and diversity of insects often affects plant reproduction through pollen limitation. This phenomenon may be particularly severe in rare plant species, whose populations are shrinking. Here, we examined the variability in factors shaping reproductive success and pollen limitation in red-listed Polemonium caeruleum L. During a 5-year study in several populations of P. caeruleum (7-15, depending on year), we assessed the degree of pollen limitation based on differences in seed set between open-pollinated (control) and hand-pollinated flowers. We analysed the effects of flower visitors, population size, and meteorological data on plant reproductive success and pollen limitation. Our study showed that pollen limitation rarely affected P. caeruleum populations, and was present mainly in small populations. Pollen limitation index was negatively affected by the size of population, visitation frequency of all insects, and when considering the visitation frequency of individual groups, also by honeybee visits. Seed production in control treatment was positively influenced by the population size, average monthly precipitation in June and visits of hoverflies, while visits of honeybees, average monthly temperature in September, and average monthly precipitation in August influenced seed production negatively. As generalist plant P. caeruleum can be pollinated by diverse insect groups, however, in small populations their main visitors, the honeybees and bumblebees, may be less attracted, eventually leading to the disappearance of these populations. In pollination of P. caeruleum managed honeybees may play a dual role: while they are the most frequent and efficient flower visitors, their presence decreases seed set in open-pollinated flowers, which is most probably related to efficient pollen collection by these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Ryniewicz
- Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Roguz
- Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mirski
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Brzosko
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Skłodowski
- Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ada Wróblewska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Izabela Tałałaj
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Zych
- Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Brzosko E, Bajguz A, Burzyńska J, Chmur M. Nectar Chemistry or Flower Morphology-What Is More Important for the Reproductive Success of Generalist Orchid Epipactis palustris in Natural and Anthropogenic Populations? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12164. [PMID: 34830045 PMCID: PMC8618778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the level of reproductive success (RS) in natural and anthropogenic populations of generalist orchid Epipactis palustris and its dependence on flower structure and nectar composition, i.e., amino acids and sugars. We found that both pollinaria removal and female reproductive success were high and similar in all populations, despite differences in flower traits and nectar chemistry. Flower structures were weakly correlated with parameters of RS. Nectar traits were more important in shaping RS; although, we noted differentiated selection on nectar components in distinct populations. Individuals in natural populations produced nectar with a larger amount of sugars and amino acids. The sucrose to (fructose and glucose) ratio in natural populations was close to 1, while in anthropogenic ones, a clear domination of fructose and glucose was noted. Our results indicate that the flower traits and nectar composition of E. palustris reflect its generalist character and meet the requirements of a wide range of pollinators, differing according to body sizes, mouth apparatus, and dietary needs. Simultaneously, differentiation of nectar chemistry suggests a variation of pollinator assemblages in particular populations or domination of their some groups. To our knowledge, a comparison of nectar chemistry between natural and anthropogenic populations of orchids is reported for the first time in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Brzosko
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (J.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (J.B.); (M.C.)
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Brzosko E, Mirski P. Floral Nectar Chemistry in Orchids: A Short Review and Meta-Analysis. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2315. [PMID: 34834677 PMCID: PMC8620889 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nectar is one of the most important flower traits, shaping plant-pollinator interactions and reproductive success. Despite Orchidaceae including numerous nectariferous species, nectar chemistry in this family has been infrequently studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compile data about nectar attributes in different orchid species. The scarcity of data restricted analyses to sugar concentration and composition. Our results suggest that the most important factor shaping nectar traits in orchids is the pollinator type, although we also found differentiation of nectar traits according to geographical regions. In spurred orchids, the length of the spur impacted nectar traits. We recommend the development of studies on nectar chemistry in orchids, including a wider range of species (both in taxonomic and geographical contexts), as well as extending the analyses to other nectar components (such as amino acids and secondary metabolites). The nectar biome would be also worth investigating, since it could affect the chemical composition of nectar. This will enrich the understanding of the mechanisms of plants-pollinators interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Brzosko
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Mirski
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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Brzosko E, Bajguz A. Nectar composition in moth-pollinated Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha and its importance for reproductive success. Planta 2019; 250:263-279. [PMID: 31020407 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), as well as proteogenic and non-proteogenic amino acids, are present in the nectar of Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha. Nectar quantity and quality are floral traits that are subjected to pollinator-mediated selection. Nectar sugar and amino acid (AA) composition in two sister species, P. bifolia and P. chlorantha, was analysed and the interspecies differences in nectar and the importance of these nectar characteristics for reproductive success were investigated. Nectar was collected from four P. bifolia and three P. chlorantha populations that exist in different habitats in three regions of NE Poland. Nectar from about 30 flowers (from each population) was sampled and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. We found the same primary sugars and AA components in the nectar of both species, although their content varied between the populations according to habitat properties. The nectar of P. bifolia and P. chlorantha both had low sugar concentrations (9.04-20.68%) and were dominated by hexoses, with sucrose:hexoses ratios between 0.03 and 0.31 across the different populations (the average for the P. bifolia populations was 0.17 and the average for the P. chlorantha populations was - 0.05). Total sugar content did not influence reproductive success and we found positive selection on fructose content. In general, 23 different AAs were detected in both Platanthera species. Cysteine and γ-aminobutyric acid were present in only one population of P. chlorantha. Sarcosine dominated among the non-proteogenic AAs. To our knowledge, this is the first report that characterizes the sugar and AA profiles in the nectar of P. bifolia and P. chlorantha in natural populations in the context of effectiveness of reproduction. Total AAs negatively influenced male reproductive success (r = - 0.79). Pollinators of the investigated species were found to be sensitive to the AAs' taste, from taste classes I and IV. Correlation between male reproductive success and the content of AAs from these groups was 0.79 in both cases. In this manuscript, we investigated the characteristics of P. bifolia and P. chlorantha nectar, and compared these characteristics to the available data in the context of their adaptations to the requirements of pollinators and with regard to the importance of nectar quality for reproductive success of the studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Brzosko
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Konstantego Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Konstantego Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
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Wróblewska A, Szczepaniak L, Bajguz A, Jędrzejczyk I, Tałałaj I, Ostrowiecka B, Brzosko E, Jermakowicz E, Mirski P. Deceptive strategy in Dactylorhiza orchids: multidirectional evolution of floral chemistry. Ann Bot 2019; 123:1005-1016. [PMID: 30753414 PMCID: PMC6589506 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The deception strategies of orchids remain poorly understood, especially in regard to the chemical compounds emitted from their flowers and their interaction with various taxonomic groups of pollinators. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships and compared the variation of floral chemical compounds between food-deceptive Dactylorhiza taxa (D. incarnata var. incarnata and D. incarnata var. ochroleuca, D. fuchsii and D. majalis) from populations in north-eastern Poland. We propose a model of the evolution of deception based on floral chemical signals in this genus. METHODS A Bayesian approach based on polymorphic plastid DNA (trnL, trnF and psbC-trnK), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and flow cytometry data was applied to confirm the taxonomic status of the studied orchids. We also identified and classified the pollinators and flower visitors in each Dactylorhiza population to the taxonomic level and compared our results with literature data. The chemical composition of pentane and diethyl ether extracts from the flowers was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Variation of the floral chemical components was visualized by non-metric multidimensional scaling based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. KEY RESULTS The genetic distinctiveness of D. incarnata, D. fuchsii and D. majalis was confirmed. No hybrids between them were found, but the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), ITS haplotypes and flow cytometry showed genetic similarity between D. incarnata var. incarnata and D. incarnata var. ochroleuca. We determined that Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera) was the only shared pollinator of these taxa. Strangalia attenuata and Alosterna tabacicolor (Coleoptera) and Volucella pellucens and V. bombylans (Hymenoptera) were observed pollinating D. fuchsii. Visualization of the emission rates of the 61 floral chemical compounds detected from pentane extracts (mainly hydrocarbons and aldehydes) and the 51 from diethyl extracts (with abundant groups of benzenoids and non-aromatic acids) strongly differentiated D. incarnata, D. fuchsii and D. majalis, while those of the two varieties of D. incarnata (var. incarnata and var. ochroleuca) were almost identical. CONCLUSIONS While the genetic data clearly supported the distinct lineages of D. incarnata, D. fuchsii and D. majalis, the patterns of emission of their flower chemical compounds were more complex within the series of shared compounds (alkanes and aldehydes) and taxon-specific compounds (benzenoids and esters). Their floral bouquet can influence the sexual, social and feeding behaviour of pollinators in different ways. We observed that the floral chemical compounds attracted both shared and species-specific pollinators to Dactylorhiza, confirming the multidirectional character of floral chemical signals in these food-deceptive taxa. Reduction of species-specific pollination levels in Dactylorhiza orchid taxa may promote hybridization between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Wróblewska
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Białystok, Poland
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Lech Szczepaniak
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Białystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Jędrzejczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Plant Genetics, Physiology and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Izabela Tałałaj
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Beata Ostrowiecka
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Brzosko
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Edyta Jermakowicz
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Mirski
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Białystok, Poland
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Shefferson RP, Kull T, Hutchings MJ, Selosse MA, Jacquemyn H, Kellett KM, Menges ES, Primack RB, Tuomi J, Alahuhta K, Hurskainen S, Alexander HM, Anderson DS, Brys R, Brzosko E, Dostálik S, Gregg K, Ipser Z, Jäkäläniemi A, Jersáková J, Dean Kettle W, McCormick MK, Mendoza A, Miller MT, Moen A, Øien DI, Püttsepp Ü, Roy M, Sather N, Sletvold N, Štípková Z, Tali K, Warren RJ, Whigham DF. Drivers of vegetative dormancy across herbaceous perennial plant species. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:724-733. [PMID: 29575384 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vegetative dormancy, that is the temporary absence of aboveground growth for ≥ 1 year, is paradoxical, because plants cannot photosynthesise or flower during dormant periods. We test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses for its widespread persistence. We show that dormancy has evolved numerous times. Most species displaying dormancy exhibit life-history costs of sprouting, and of dormancy. Short-lived and mycoheterotrophic species have higher proportions of dormant plants than long-lived species and species with other nutritional modes. Foliage loss is associated with higher future dormancy levels, suggesting that carbon limitation promotes dormancy. Maximum dormancy duration is shorter under higher precipitation and at higher latitudes, the latter suggesting an important role for competition or herbivory. Study length affects estimates of some demographic parameters. Our results identify life historical and environmental drivers of dormancy. We also highlight the evolutionary importance of the little understood costs of sprouting and growth, latitudinal stress gradients and mixed nutritional modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Shefferson
- Organization for Programs in Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tiiu Kull
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael J Hutchings
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP39, 75005, Paris, France.,Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Juha Tuomi
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Alahuhta
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sonja Hurskainen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Helen M Alexander
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Rein Brys
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilia Brzosko
- Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Katharine Gregg
- Department of Biology, West Virginia Wesleyan College, Buckhannon, West Virginia, USA
| | - Zdeněk Ipser
- Department of Biology of Ecosystems, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Jäkäläniemi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jana Jersáková
- Department of Biology of Ecosystems, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - W Dean Kettle
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Ana Mendoza
- Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitario, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Asbjørn Moen
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dag-Inge Øien
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ülle Püttsepp
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mélanie Roy
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier - CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nancy Sather
- Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Nina Sletvold
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Štípková
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kadri Tali
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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Brzosko E, Jermakowicz E, Ostrowiecka B, Tałałaj I, Wróblewska A, Mirski P. Rare plant translocation between mineral islands in Biebrza Valley (northeastern Poland): effectiveness and recipient site selection. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Brzosko
- Plant Ecology Department; Institute of Biology, University of Białystok; Ciołkowskiego 1J 15-245 Białystok Poland
| | - Edyta Jermakowicz
- Plant Ecology Department; Institute of Biology, University of Białystok; Ciołkowskiego 1J 15-245 Białystok Poland
| | - Beata Ostrowiecka
- Plant Ecology Department; Institute of Biology, University of Białystok; Ciołkowskiego 1J 15-245 Białystok Poland
| | - Izabela Tałałaj
- Plant Ecology Department; Institute of Biology, University of Białystok; Ciołkowskiego 1J 15-245 Białystok Poland
| | - Ada Wróblewska
- Plant Ecology Department; Institute of Biology, University of Białystok; Ciołkowskiego 1J 15-245 Białystok Poland
| | - Paweł Mirski
- Plant Ecology Department; Institute of Biology, University of Białystok; Ciołkowskiego 1J 15-245 Białystok Poland
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Jermakowicz E, Brzosko E, Kotowicz J, Wróblewska A. Genetic Diversity of OrchidMalaxis monophyllosOver European Range as an Effect of Population Properties and Postglacial Colonization. Polish Journal of Ecology 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2017.65.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Jermakowicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Brzosko
- Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kotowicz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1M, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ada Wróblewska
- Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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Trávníček P, Jersáková J, Kubátová B, Krejčíková J, Bateman RM, Lučanová M, Krajníková E, Těšitelová T, Štípková Z, Amardeilh JP, Brzosko E, Jermakowicz E, Cabanne O, Durka W, Efimov P, Hedrén M, Hermosilla CE, Kreutz K, Kull T, Tali K, Marchand O, Rey M, Schiestl FP, Čurn V, Suda J. Minority cytotypes in European populations of the Gymnadenia conopsea complex (Orchidaceae) greatly increase intraspecific and intrapopulation diversity. Ann Bot 2012; 110:977-86. [PMID: 23002267 PMCID: PMC3448425 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patterns of ploidy variation among and within populations can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary mechanisms shaping the dynamics of plant systems showing ploidy diversity. Whereas data on majority ploidies are, by definition, often sufficiently extensive, much less is known about the incidence and evolutionary role of minority cytotypes. METHODS Ploidy and proportions of endoreplicated genome were determined using DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) flow cytometry in 6150 Gymnadenia plants (fragrant orchids) collected from 141 populations in 17 European countries. All widely recognized European species, and several taxa of less certain taxonomic status were sampled within Gymnadenia conopsea sensu lato. KEY RESULTS Most Gymnadenia populations were taxonomically and/or ploidy heterogeneous. Two majority (2x and 4x) and three minority (3x, 5x and 6x) cytotypes were identified. Evolution largely proceeded at the diploid level, whereas tetraploids were much more geographically and taxonomically restricted. Although minority ploidies constituted <2 % of the individuals sampled, they were found in 35 % of populations across the entire area investigated. The amount of nuclear DNA, together with the level of progressively partial endoreplication, separated all Gymnadenia species currently widely recognized in Europe. CONCLUSIONS Despite their low frequency, minority cytotypes substantially increase intraspecific and intrapopulation ploidy diversity estimates for fragrant orchids. The cytogenetic structure of Gymnadenia populations is remarkably dynamic and shaped by multiple evolutionary mechanisms, including both the ongoing production of unreduced gametes and heteroploid hybridization. Overall, it is likely that the level of ploidy heterogeneity experienced by most plant species/populations is currently underestimated; intensive sampling is necessary to obtain a holistic picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Trávníček
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic and Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jersáková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Kubátová
- Biotechnological Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krejčíková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic and Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Magdalena Lučanová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic and Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Krajníková
- Biotechnological Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tamara Těšitelová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Štípková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Emilia Brzosko
- Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Świerkowa 20B, PL-15-950 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Edyta Jermakowicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Świerkowa 20B, PL-15-950 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Walter Durka
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Peter Efimov
- Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 2, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikael Hedrén
- Department of Biology, University of Lund, Solvegatan 37, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Karel Kreutz
- Oude Landgraaf 35a, NL-6373 Landgraaf, The Netherlands
| | - Tiiu Kull
- Department of Botany, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Tali
- Department of Botany, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Manel Rey
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian P. Schiestl
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vladislav Čurn
- Biotechnological Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Suda
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic and Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Brzosko E, Wróblewska A, Ratkiewicz M. Spatial genetic structure and clonal diversity of island populations of lady's slipper (Cypripedium calceolus) from the Biebrza National Park (northeast Poland). Mol Ecol 2002; 11:2499-509. [PMID: 12453235 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Three populations of the rare and endangered plant species Cypripedium calceolus were included in a study of genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure in the Biebrza National Park, northeast Poland. Analysis of 11 allozyme loci indicate that the populations of this species contained high genetic variability (P = 45.5%, A= 1.73). On the other hand, the genetic differentiation (FST = 0.014, P < 0.05) among C. calceolus populations was very low when compared to other species with similar life history characteristics. The observed high rate of gene flow (Nm = 18) may suggest that the populations studied derived from each other in the recent past. Five polymorphic allozyme markers identified 109 multilocus genotypes in three populations and the majority of them (67%) were population-specific. One of the populations studied, characterized by particularly extensive vegetative reproduction, showed the lowest clonal diversity (G/N = 0.15) and heterozygosity (HO = 0.111) values and the highest FIS(0.380), when compared to other two populations (G/N = 0.26-0.27, HO= 0.166-178, FIS = 0.024-0.055). This may indicate that clonal reproduction has an important influence on the genetic structure of C. calceolus populations. The longevity of genets, the out-crossing breeding system and the presence of recruitment from seeds are factors maintaining genetic diversity in C. calceolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Brzosko
- University of Białystok, Institute of Biology, wierkowa 20B, 15-950 Białystok, Poland.
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