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Grzegorczyk E, Caizergues A, Eraud C, Francesiaz C, Le Rest K, Guillemain M. Demographic and evolutionary consequences of hunting of wild birds. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1298-1313. [PMID: 38409953 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Hunting has a long tradition in human evolutionary history and remains a common leisure activity or an important source of food. Herein, we first briefly review the literature on the demographic consequences of hunting and associated analytical methods. We then address the question of potential selective hunting and its possible genetic/evolutionary consequences. Birds have historically been popular models for demographic studies, and the huge amount of census and ringing data accumulated over the last century has paved the way for research about the demographic effects of harvesting. By contrast, the literature on the evolutionary consequences of harvesting is dominated by studies on mammals (especially ungulates) and fish. In these taxa, individuals selected for harvest often have particular traits such as large body size or extravagant secondary sexual characters (e.g. antlers, horns, etc.). Our review shows that targeting individuals according to such genetically heritable traits can exert strong selective pressures and alter the evolutionary trajectory of populations for these or correlated traits. Studies focusing on the evolutionary consequences of hunting in birds are extremely rare, likely because birds within populations appear much more similar, and do not display individual differences to the same extent as many mammals and fishes. Nevertheless, even without conscious choice by hunters, there remains the potential for selection through hunting in birds, for example by genetically inherited traits such as personality or pace-of-life. We emphasise that because so many bird species experience high hunting pressure, the possible selective effect of harvest in birds and its evolutionary consequences deserves far more attention, and that hunting may be one major driver of bird evolutionary trajectories that should be carefully considered in wildlife management schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilienne Grzegorczyk
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, 405 Route de Prissé-la-Charrière, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France
| | - Alain Caizergues
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, 08 Bd A. Einstein, CS42355, Nantes Cedex 3, 44323, France
| | - Cyril Eraud
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Service Conservation et Gestion des Espèces à Enjeux, 405 Route de Prissé-la-Charrière, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France
| | - Charlotte Francesiaz
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, 147 Avenue de Lodève, Juvignac, 34990, France
| | - Kévin Le Rest
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, 08 Bd A. Einstein, CS42355, Nantes Cedex 3, 44323, France
| | - Matthieu Guillemain
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, 13200, France
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2
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Schindler AR, Fox AD, Wikle CK, Ballard BM, Walsh AJ, Kelly SBA, Cao L, Griffin LR, Weegman MD. Energetic trade-offs in migration decision-making, reproductive effort and subsequent parental care in a long-distance migratory bird. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232016. [PMID: 38378152 PMCID: PMC10878804 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Migratory species trade-off long-distance movement with survival and reproduction, but the spatio-temporal scales at which these decisions occur are relatively unknown. Technological and statistical advances allow fine-scale study of animal decision-making, improving our understanding of possible causes and therefore conservation management. We quantified effects of reproductive preparation during spring migration on subsequent breeding outcomes, breeding outcomes on autumn migration characteristics and autumn migration characteristics on subsequent parental survival in Greenland white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons flavirostris). These are long-distance migratory birds with an approximately 50% population decline from 1999 to 2022. We deployed GPS-acceleration devices on adult females to quantify up to 5 years of individual decision-making throughout the annual cycle. Weather and habitat-use affected time spent feeding and overall dynamic body acceleration (i.e. energy expenditure) during spring and autumn. Geese that expended less energy and fed longer during spring were more likely to successfully reproduce. Geese with offspring expended more energy and fed for less time during autumn, potentially representing adverse fitness consequences of breeding. These behavioural comparisons among Greenland white-fronted geese improve our understanding of fitness trade-offs underlying abundance. We provide a reproducible framework for full annual cycle modelling using location and behaviour data, applicable to similarly studied migratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Schindler
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Anthony D. Fox
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 4–8, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Bart M. Ballard
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Alyn J. Walsh
- National Parks and Wildlife Service, Dublin, D07 N7CV, Ireland
| | | | - Lei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Larry R. Griffin
- Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Gloucester GL2 7BT, UK
- ECO-LG Limited, Crooks House, Mabie, Dumfries, DG2 8EY, UK
| | - Mitch D. Weegman
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
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3
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Macdonald KR, Rotella JJ, Paterson JT. Evaluating the importance of individual heterogeneity in reproduction to Weddell seal population dynamics using integral projection models. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:1828-1839. [PMID: 37395110 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Identifying and accounting for unobserved individual heterogeneity in vital rates in demographic models is important for estimating population-level vital rates and identifying diverse life-history strategies, but much less is known about how this individual heterogeneity influences population dynamics. We aimed to understand how the distribution of individual heterogeneity in reproductive and survival rates influenced population dynamics using vital rates from a Weddell seal population by altering the distribution of individual heterogeneity in reproduction, which also altered the distribution of individual survival rates through the incorporation of our estimate of the correlation between the two rates and assessing resulting changes in population growth. We constructed an integral projection model (IPM) structured by age and reproductive state using estimates of vital rates for a long-lived mammal that has recently been shown to exhibit large individual heterogeneity in reproduction. Using output from the IPM, we evaluated how population dynamics changed with different underlying distributions of unobserved individual heterogeneity in reproduction. Results indicate that the changes to the underlying distribution of individual heterogeneity in reproduction cause very small changes in the population growth rate and other population metrics. The largest difference in the estimated population growth rate resulting from changes to the underlying distribution of individual heterogeneity was less than 1%. Our work highlights the differing importance of individual heterogeneity at the population level compared to the individual level. Although individual heterogeneity in reproduction may result in large differences in the lifetime fitness of individuals, changing the proportion of above- or below-average breeders in the population results in much smaller differences in annual population growth rate. For a long-lived mammal with stable and high adult-survival that gives birth to a single offspring, individual heterogeneity in reproduction has a limited effect on population dynamics. We posit that the limited effect of individual heterogeneity on population dynamics may be due to canalization of life-history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay J Rotella
- Ecology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - J Terrill Paterson
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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4
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Frye GG, Lindberg MS, Merizon RA. Reduced breeding densities associated with spatially concentrated harvest of willow ptarmigan in Alaska. J Wildl Manage 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham G. Frye
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK 99707 USA
| | - Mark S. Lindberg
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK 99707 USA
| | - Richard A. Merizon
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1801 S Margaret Drive Palmer AK 99645 USA
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5
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Grzegorczyk E, Bézier L, Le‐Rest K, Caizergues A, Francesiaz C, Champagnon J, Guillemain M, Eraud C. Is hunting nonintentionally selective? A test using game bird capture-dead recoveries. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9285. [PMID: 36188522 PMCID: PMC9486496 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective hunting has various impacts that need to be considered for the conservation and management of harvested populations. The consequences of selective harvest have mostly been studied in trophy hunting and fishing, where selection of specific phenotypes is intentional. Recent studies, however, show that selection can also occur unintentionally. With at least 52 million birds harvested each year in Europe, it is particularly relevant to evaluate the selectivity of hunting on this taxon. Here, we considered 211,806 individuals belonging to 7 hunted bird species to study unintentional selectivity in harvest. Using linear mixed models, we compared morphological traits (mass, wing, and tarsus size) and body condition at the time of banding between birds that were subsequently recovered from hunting during the same year as their banding, and birds that were not recovered. We did not find any patterns showing systematic differences between recovery categories, among our model species, for the traits we studied. Moreover, when a difference existed between recovery categories, it was so small that its biological relevance can be challenged. Hunting of birds in Europe therefore does not show any form of strong selectivity on the morphological and physiological traits that we studied and should hence not lead to any change of these traits either by plastic or by evolutionary response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilienne Grzegorczyk
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces ExploitéesVilliers‐en‐BoisFrance
| | - Léa Bézier
- Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la merNantesFrance
| | - Kévin Le‐Rest
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces ExploitéesNantesFrance
| | - Alain Caizergues
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces ExploitéesNantesFrance
| | - Charlotte Francesiaz
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces ExploitéesJuvignacFrance
| | - Jocelyn Champagnon
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for Conservation of Mediterranean WetlandsArlesFrance
| | - Matthieu Guillemain
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces ExploitéesArlesFrance
| | - Cyril Eraud
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Conservation et Gestion des Espèces à enjeuxVilliers‐en‐BoisFrance
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6
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Frye GG, Lindberg MS, Merizon RA. Differential survival in the presence of spatially structured ptarmigan harvest suggests additive mortality. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham G. Frye
- Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK 99707 USA
| | - Mark S. Lindberg
- Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK 99707 USA
| | - Richard A. Merizon
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1801 South Margaret Drive Palmer AK 99645 USA
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Koons DN, Riecke TV, Boomer GS, Sedinger BS, Sedinger JS, Williams PJ, Arnold TW. A niche for null models in adaptive resource management. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8541. [PMID: 35127044 PMCID: PMC8794763 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
As global systems rapidly change, our collective ability to predict future ecological dynamics will become increasingly important for successful natural resource management. By merging stakeholder objectives with system uncertainty, and by adapting actions to changing systems and knowledge, adaptive resource management (ARM) provides a rigorous platform for making sound decisions in a changing world. Critically, however, applications of ARM could be improved by employing benchmarks (i.e., points of reference) for determining when learning is occurring through the cycle of monitoring, modeling, and decision-making steps in ARM. Many applications of ARM use multiple model-based hypotheses to identify and reduce systematic uncertainty over time, but generally lack benchmarks for gauging discovery of scientific evidence and learning. This creates the danger of thinking that directional changes in model weights or rankings are indicative of evidence for hypotheses, when possibly all competing models are inadequate. There is thus a somewhat obvious, but yet to be filled niche for including benchmarks for learning in ARM. We contend that carefully designed "ecological null models," which are structured to produce an expected ecological pattern in the absence of a hypothesized mechanism, can serve as suitable benchmarks. Using a classic case study of mallard harvest management that is often used to demonstrate the successes of ARM for learning about ecological mechanisms, we show that simple ecological null models, such as population persistence (Nt +1 = Nt ), provide more robust near-term forecasts of population abundance than the currently used mechanistic models. More broadly, ecological null models can be used as benchmarks for learning in ARM that trigger the need for discarding model parameterizations and developing new ones when prevailing models underperform the ecological null model. Identifying mechanistic models that surpass these benchmarks will improve learning through ARM and help decision-makers keep pace with a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Koons
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyGraduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Thomas V. Riecke
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - G. Scott Boomer
- Division of Migratory Bird ManagementU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - Benjamin S. Sedinger
- College of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Wisconsin – Stevens PointStevens PointWisconsinUSA
| | - James S. Sedinger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Perry J. Williams
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Todd W. Arnold
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
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8
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Lohman MG, Riecke TV, Williams PJ, Sedinger JS. Individual heterogeneity in fitness in a long-lived herbivore. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15164-15173. [PMID: 34765168 PMCID: PMC8571624 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the intrinsic quality and nutritional condition of individuals affects reproductive success and consequently fitness. Black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) are long-lived, migratory, specialist herbivores. Long migratory pathways and short summer breeding seasons constrain the time and energy available for reproduction, thus magnifying life-history trade-offs. These constraints, combined with long lifespans and trade-offs between current and future reproductive value, provide a model system to examine the role of individual heterogeneity in driving life-history strategies and individual heterogeneity in fitness. We used hierarchical Bayesian models to examine reproductive trade-offs, modeling the relationships between within-year measures of reproductive energy allocation and among-year demographic rates of individual females breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, using capture-recapture and reproductive data from 1988 to 2014. We generally found that annual survival tended to be buffered against variation in reproductive investment, while breeding probability varied considerably over the range of clutch size-laying date combinations. We provide evidence for relationships between breeding probability and clutch size, breeding probability and nest initiation date, and an interaction between clutch size and initiation date. Average lifetime clutch size also had a weak positive relationship with apparent survival probability. Our results support the use of demographic buffering strategies for black brant. These results also indirectly suggest associations among environmental conditions during growth, fitness, and energy allocation, highlighting the effects of early growth conditions on individual heterogeneity, and subsequently, lifetime reproductive investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine G. Lohman
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNevadaUSA
| | | | - Perry J. Williams
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNevadaUSA
| | - James S. Sedinger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNevadaUSA
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9
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Armstrong DP, Parlato EH, Frost PG. Incorporating individual variation in survival, reproduction and detection rates when projecting dynamics of small populations. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Gilbert SL, Hundertmark KJ, Lindberg MS, Person DK, Boyce MS. The Importance of Environmental Variability and Transient Population Dynamics for a Northern Ungulate. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.531027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathways through which environmental variability affects population dynamics remain poorly understood, limiting ecological inference and management actions. Here, we use matrix-based population models to examine the vital rate responses to environmental variability and individual traits, and subsequent transient dynamics of the population in response to the environment. Using Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) in Southeast Alaska as a study system, we modeled effects of inter-annual process variance of covariates on female survival, pregnancy rate, and fetal rate, and summer and winter fawn survival. To examine the influence of environmental variance on population dynamics, we compared asymptotic and transient perturbation analysis (elasticity analysis, a life-table response experiment, and transience simulation). We found that summer fawn survival was primarily determined by black bear (Ursus americanus) predation and was positively influenced by mass at birth and female sex. Winter fawn survival was determined by malnutrition in deep-snow winters and was influenced by an interaction between date of birth and snow depth, with late-born fawns at greater risk in deep-snow winters. Adult female survival was the most influential vital rate based on classic elasticity analysis, however, elasticity analysis based on process variation indicated that winter and summer fawn survival were most variable and thus most influential to variability in population growth. Transient dynamics produced by non-stable stage distributions produced realized annual growth rates different from predicted asymptotic growth rates in all years, emphasizing the importance of winter perturbations to population dynamics of this species.
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11
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Yeiser JM, Jackson AL, Sisson DC, Terhune TM, Martin JA. Predation Management and Spatial Structure Moderate Extirpation Risk and Harvest of Northern Bobwhite. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Yeiser
- D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Alexander L. Jackson
- D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - D. Clay Sisson
- Tall Timbers, Albany Quail Project 5765 Pigeon Road Newton GA 39870 USA
| | | | - James A. Martin
- D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
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12
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Hepp GR, Gitzen RA, Kennamer RA. Relative Importance of Vital Rates to Population Dynamics of Wood Ducks. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary R. Hepp
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Robert A. Gitzen
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Robert A. Kennamer
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
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13
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Riecke TV, Sedinger BS, Williams PJ, Leach AG, Sedinger JS. Estimating correlations among demographic parameters in population models. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13521-13531. [PMID: 31871663 PMCID: PMC6912887 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating correlations among demographic parameters is critical to understanding population dynamics and life-history evolution, where correlations among parameters can inform our understanding of life-history trade-offs, result in effective applied conservation actions, and shed light on evolutionary ecology. The most common approaches rely on the multivariate normal distribution, and its conjugate inverse Wishart prior distribution. However, the inverse Wishart prior for the covariance matrix of multivariate normal distributions has a strong influence on posterior distributions. As an alternative to the inverse Wishart distribution, we individually parameterize the covariance matrix of a multivariate normal distribution to accurately estimate variances (σ 2) of, and process correlations (ρ) between, demographic parameters. We evaluate this approach using simulated capture-mark-recapture data. We then use this method to examine process correlations between adult and juvenile survival of black brent geese marked on the Yukon-Kuskokwim River Delta, Alaska (1988-2014). Our parameterization consistently outperformed the conjugate inverse Wishart prior for simulated data, where the means of posterior distributions estimated using an inverse Wishart prior were substantially different from the values used to simulate the data. Brent adult and juvenile annual apparent survival rates were strongly positively correlated (ρ = 0.563, 95% CRI 0.181-0.823), suggesting that habitat conditions have significant effects on both adult and juvenile survival. We provide robust simulation tools, and our methods can readily be expanded for use in other capture-recapture or capture-recovery frameworks. Further, our work reveals limits on the utility of these approaches when study duration or sample sizes are small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V. Riecke
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceUniversity of NevadaRenoNevada
| | - Benjamin S. Sedinger
- College of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Wisconsin‐Stevens PointStevens PointWisconsin
| | - Perry J. Williams
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceUniversity of NevadaRenoNevada
| | - Alan G. Leach
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceUniversity of NevadaRenoNevada
| | - James S. Sedinger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceUniversity of NevadaRenoNevada
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14
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Fowler DN, Webb EB, Vrtiska MP. Condition Bias of Decoy‐Harvested Light Geese During the Conservation Order. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Drew N. Fowler
- Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Elisabeth B. Webb
- U.S. Geological Survey, Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of MissouriColumbia MO 65211 USA
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15
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Pigeon G, Loe LE, Bischof R, Bonenfant C, Forchhammer M, Irvine RJ, Ropstad E, Stien A, Veiberg V, Albon S. Silver spoon effects are constrained under extreme adult environmental conditions. Ecology 2019; 100:e02886. [PMID: 31502296 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Early-life environmental conditions may generate cohort differences in individual fitness, subsequently affecting population growth rates. Three, nonmutually exclusive hypotheses predict the nature of these fitness differences: (1) silver spoon effects, where individuals born in good conditions perform better across the range of adult environments; (2) the "environmental saturation" hypothesis, where fitness differences only occur in intermediate adult environmental conditions; and (3) the "environmental matching" or "predictive adaptive response" (PAR) hypothesis, where fitness is highest when adult environmental conditions match those experienced in early life. We quantified the context-dependent effect of early-life environment on subsequent reproductive success, survival, and population growth rate (λ) of Svalbard reindeer, and explored how well it was explained by the three hypotheses. We found that good early-life conditions increased reproductive success compared to poor early-life conditions, but only when experiencing intermediate adult environmental conditions. This is the first example of what appears to be both "beneficial" and "detrimental environmental saturation" in a natural system. Despite weak early-life effects on survival, cohorts experiencing good early-life conditions contributed to higher population growth rates, when simulating realistic variation in adult environmental conditions. Our results show how the combination of a highly variable environment and biological constraints on fitness components can suppress silver spoon effects at both extremes of the adult environmental gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Pigeon
- Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, NO-1432, Norway
| | - Leif Egil Loe
- Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, NO-1432, Norway
| | - Richard Bischof
- Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, NO-1432, Norway
| | - Christophe Bonenfant
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 5558, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - Mads Forchhammer
- The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, NO-9170, Norway
| | - R Justin Irvine
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146, Dep, Oslo, NO-0033, Norway
| | - Audun Stien
- Department for Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway
| | - Vebjørn Veiberg
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685, Torgarden, Trondheim, NO-7485, Norway
| | - Steve Albon
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
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16
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Oosthuizen WC, Postma M, Altwegg R, Nevoux M, Pradel R, Bester MN, Bruyn PJN. Individual heterogeneity in life‐history trade‐offs with age at first reproduction in capital breeding elephant seals. POPUL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Chris Oosthuizen
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - Martin Postma
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - Res Altwegg
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
- African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Marie Nevoux
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
- UMRESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA Rennes France
| | - Roger Pradel
- Biostatistics and Population Biology Group, CEFE, CNRS, University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Marthán N. Bester
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - P. J. Nico Bruyn
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
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17
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Slattery SM, Clark RG. Annual survival in female white‐winged scoters and lesser scaup. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M. Slattery
- Ducks Unlimited Canada, Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, PO Box 1160 Stonewall MB R0C 2Z0 Canada
| | - Robert G. Clark
- Environment and Climate Change Canada115 Perimeter Road Saskatoon SK S7N 0X4 Canada
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18
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Riecke TV, Williams PJ, Behnke TL, Gibson D, Leach AG, Sedinger BS, Street PA, Sedinger JS. Integrated population models: Model assumptions and inference. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V. Riecke
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
| | - Perry J. Williams
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
| | - Tessa L. Behnke
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
| | - Daniel Gibson
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech University Blacksburg Virginia
| | - Alan G. Leach
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
| | - Benjamin S. Sedinger
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
| | - Phillip A. Street
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
| | - James S. Sedinger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
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19
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Gibson D, Blomberg EJ, Atamian MT, Espinosa SP, Sedinger JS. Effects of power lines on habitat use and demography of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gibson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology; University of Nevada Reno; Mail Stop 186 Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Erik J. Blomberg
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology; University of Maine; 5755 Nutting Hall Room 210 Orono ME 04469 USA
| | - Michael T. Atamian
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; 2315 North Discovery Place Spokane Valley WA 99216 USA
| | - Shawn P. Espinosa
- Nevada Department of Wildlife; 6980 Sierra Center Parkway, Suite 120 Reno NV 89511 USA
| | - James S. Sedinger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology; University of Nevada Reno; Mail Stop 186 Reno NV 89557 USA
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20
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Riecke TV, Leach AG, Gibson D, Sedinger JS. Parameterizing the robust design in the BUGS language: Lifetime carry‐over effects of environmental conditions during growth on a long‐lived bird. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V. Riecke
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
| | - Alan G. Leach
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
| | - Dan Gibson
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia
| | - James S. Sedinger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
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21
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Jenouvrier S, Aubry LM, Barbraud C, Weimerskirch H, Caswell H, Childs D. Interacting effects of unobserved heterogeneity and individual stochasticity in the life history of the southern fulmar. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:212-222. [PMID: 28886208 PMCID: PMC5765524 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Individuals are heterogeneous in many ways. Some of these differences are incorporated as individual states (e.g. age, size, breeding status) in population models. However, substantial amounts of heterogeneity may remain unaccounted for, due to unmeasurable genetic, maternal or environmental factors. Such unobserved heterogeneity (UH) affects the behaviour of heterogeneous cohorts via intra-cohort selection and contributes to inter-individual variance in demographic outcomes such as longevity and lifetime reproduction. Variance is also produced by individual stochasticity, due to random events in the life cycle of wild organisms, yet no study thus far has attempted to decompose the variance in demographic outcomes into contributions from UH and individual stochasticity for an animal population in the wild. We developed a stage-classified matrix population model for the southern fulmar breeding on Ile des Pétrels, Antarctica. We applied multievent, multistate mark-recapture methods to estimate a finite mixture model accounting for UH in all vital rates and Markov chain methods to calculate demographic outcomes. Finally, we partitioned the variance in demographic outcomes into contributions from UH and individual stochasticity. We identify three UH groups, differing substantially in longevity, lifetime reproductive output, age at first reproduction and in the proportion of the life spent in each reproductive state. -14% of individuals at fledging have a delayed but high probability of recruitment and extended reproductive life span. -67% of individuals are less likely to reach adulthood, recruit late and skip breeding often but have the highest adult survival rate. -19% of individuals recruit early and attempt to breed often. They are likely to raise their offspring successfully, but experience a relatively short life span. Unobserved heterogeneity only explains a small fraction of the variances in longevity (5.9%), age at first reproduction (3.7%) and lifetime reproduction (22%). UH can affect the entire life cycle, including survival, development and reproductive rates, with consequences over the lifetime of individuals and impacts on cohort dynamics. The respective role of UH vs. individual stochasticity varies greatly among demographic outcomes. We discuss the implication of our finding for the gradient of life-history strategies observed among species and argue that individual differences should be accounted for in demographic studies of wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Jenouvrier
- Biology DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMAUSA
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRSUniv La RochelleVilliers en BoisFrance
| | - Lise M. Aubry
- Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Christophe Barbraud
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRSUniv La RochelleVilliers en BoisFrance
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRSUniv La RochelleVilliers en BoisFrance
| | - Hal Caswell
- Biology DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMAUSA
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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22
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Armstrong DP, Keevil MG, Rollinson N, Brooks RJ. Subtle individual variation in indeterminate growth leads to major variation in survival and lifetime reproductive output in a long‐lived reptile. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doug P. Armstrong
- Wildlife Ecology GroupMassey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | | | - Njal Rollinson
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- School of the EnvironmentUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ronald J. Brooks
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
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23
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Fay R, Barbraud C, Delord K, Weimerskirch H. From early life to senescence: individual heterogeneity in a long-lived seabird. ECOL MONOGR 2017; 88:60-73. [PMID: 30122788 PMCID: PMC6084314 DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although population studies have long assumed that all individuals of a given sex and age are identical, ignoring among‐individual differences may strongly bias our perception of eco‐evolutionary processes. Individual heterogeneity, often referred to as individual quality, has received increasing research attention in the last decades. However, there are still substantial gaps in our current knowledge. For example, there is little information on how individual heterogeneity influences various life‐history traits simultaneously, and studies describing individual heterogeneity in wild populations are generally not able to jointly identify possible sources of this variation. Here, based on a mark–recapture data set of 9,685 known‐aged Wandering Albatrosses (Diomedea exulans), we investigated the existence of individual quality over the entire life cycle of this species, from early life to senescence. Using finite mixture models, we investigated the expression of individual heterogeneity in various demographic traits, and examined the origin of these among‐individual differences by considering the natal environmental conditions. We found that some individuals consistently outperformed others during most of their life. In old age, however, the senescence rate was stronger in males that showed high demographic performance at younger ages. Variation in individual quality seemed strongly affected by extrinsic factors experienced during the ontogenetic period. We found that individuals born in years with high population density tended to have lower performances during their lifespan, suggesting delayed density dependence effects through individual quality. Our study showed that among‐individual differences could be important in structuring individual life history trajectories, with substantial consequences at higher ecological levels such as population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Fay
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS/Univ La Rochelle 79360 Villiers-en-Bois France
| | - Christophe Barbraud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS/Univ La Rochelle 79360 Villiers-en-Bois France
| | - Karine Delord
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS/Univ La Rochelle 79360 Villiers-en-Bois France
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS/Univ La Rochelle 79360 Villiers-en-Bois France
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24
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Lindberg MS, Boomer GS, Schmutz JA, Walker JA. A comment on “temporal variation in survival and recovery rates of lesser scaup”. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Lindberg
- Institute of Arctic Biology; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Fairbanks AK 99775 USA
| | - G. Scott Boomer
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Division of Migratory Bird Management; 11510 American Holly Drive Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - Joel A. Schmutz
- U.S. Geological Survey; Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive; Anchorage AK 99508 USA
| | - Johann A. Walker
- Great Plains Regional Office; Ducks Unlimited; 2525 River Road Bismarck ND 58503 USA
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25
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Anderson MG, Alisauskas RT, Batt BDJ, Blohm RJ, Higgins KF, Perry MC, Ringelman JK, Sedinger JS, Serie JR, Sharp DE, Trauger DL, Williams CK. The migratory bird treaty and a century of waterfowl conservation. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Anderson
- Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research; Ducks Unlimited Canada; Stonewall MB R0C 2Z0 Canada
| | - Ray T. Alisauskas
- Environment and Climate Change Canada; Prairie and Northern Research Center; 115 Perimeter Road Saskatoon SK S7N 0X4 Canada
| | | | - Robert J. Blohm
- Division of Migratory Bird Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Bowie MD 20715 USA
| | - Kenneth F. Higgins
- USGS SD Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit; South Dakota State University; Brookings SD 57007 USA
| | - Matthew C. Perry
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | | | - James S. Sedinger
- Natural Resources and Environmental Science; University of Nevada Reno; Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Jerome R. Serie
- Division of Migratory Bird Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Easton MD 21601 USA
| | - David E. Sharp
- Division of Migratory Bird Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Littleton CO 80127 USA
| | - David L. Trauger
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Marine on Saint Croix; MN 55047 USA
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26
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Arnold TW, Afton AD, Anteau MJ, Koons DN, Nicolai CA. Temporal variation in survival and recovery rates of lesser scaup: A response. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd W. Arnold
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology; University of Minnesota; 135 Skok Hall St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Alan D. Afton
- School of Renewable Natural Resources; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Michael J. Anteau
- U.S. Geological Survey; Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; 8711 37th St SE Jamestown ND 58401 USA
| | - David N. Koons
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center; Utah State University; 5230 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-5230 USA
| | - Chris A. Nicolai
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science; University of Nevada Reno; 1664 North Virginia Street Reno NV 89557 USA
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27
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Schmidt JH, Burch JW, MacCluskie MC. Effects of control on the dynamics of an adjacent protected wolf population in interior Alaska. WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Schmidt
- Central Alaska Network; U.S. National Park Service; 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks AK 99709 USA
| | - John W. Burch
- Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve; U.S. National Park Service; 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks AK 99709 USA
| | - Margaret C. MacCluskie
- Central Alaska Network; U.S. National Park Service; 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks AK 99709 USA
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28
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Caudill D, Guttery MR, Terhune TM, Martin JA, Caudill G, Dahlgren DK, Messmer TA. Individual heterogeneity and effects of harvest on greater sage-grouse populations. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Caudill
- Department of Wildland Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322-5230 USA
| | - Michael R. Guttery
- Department of Wildland Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322-5230 USA
| | - Theron M. Terhune
- Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy; Tallahassee FL 32312 USA
| | - James A. Martin
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Savannah River Ecology Lab; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30605 USA
| | - Gretchen Caudill
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Gainesville FL 32601 USA
| | - David K. Dahlgren
- Department of Wildland Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322-5230 USA
| | - Terry A. Messmer
- Jack H. Berryman Institute, Department of Wildland Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322-5230 USA
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29
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Cam E, Aubry LM, Authier M. The Conundrum of Heterogeneities in Life History Studies. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:872-886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Zhdanova O, Frisman E. Ecological–genetic approach in modeling the natural evolution of a population: Prospects and special aspects of verification. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Schmidt JH, Johnson DS, Lindberg MS, Adams LG. Estimating demographic parameters using a combination of known-fate and open N-mixture models. Ecology 2016; 96:2583-9. [PMID: 26649379 DOI: 10.1890/15-0385.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Accurate estimates of demographic parameters are required to infer appropriate ecological relationships and inform management actions. Known-fate data from marked individuals are commonly used to estimate survival rates, whereas N-mixture models use count data from unmarked individuals to estimate multiple demographic parameters. However, a joint approach combining the strengths of both analytical tools has not been developed. Here we develop an integrated model combining known-fate and open N-mixture models, allowing the estimation of detection probability, recruitment, and the joint estimation of survival. We demonstrate our approach through both simulations and an applied example using four years of known-fate and pack count data for wolves (Canis lupus). Simulation results indicated that the integrated model reliably recovered parameters with no evidence of bias, and survival estimates were more precise under the joint model. Results from the applied example indicated that the marked sample of wolves was biased toward individuals with higher apparent survival rates than the unmarked pack mates, suggesting that joint estimates may be more representative of the overall population. Our integrated model is a practical approach for reducing bias while increasing precision and the amount of information gained from mark-resight data sets. We provide implementations in both the BUGS language and an R package.
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32
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Plard F, Gaillard JM, Coulson T, Delorme D, Warnant C, Michallet J, Tuljapurkar S, Krishnakumar S, Bonenfant C. Quantifying the influence of measured and unmeasured individual differences on demography. J Anim Ecol 2015; 84:1434-45. [PMID: 26140296 PMCID: PMC5642278 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Demographic rates can vary not only with measured individual characters like age, sex and mass but also with unmeasured individual variables like behaviour, genes and health. 2. Predictions from population models that include measured individual characteristics often differ from models that exclude them. Similarly, unmeasured individual differences have the potential to impact predictions from population models. However, unmeasured individual differences are rarely included in population models. 3. We construct stage- and age-structured models (where stage is mass) of a roe deer population, which are parameterized from statistical functions that either include, or ignore, unmeasured individual differences. 4. We found that mass and age structures substantially impacted model parameters describing population dynamics, as did temporal environmental variation, while unmeasured individual differences impacted parameters describing population dynamics to a much smaller extent once individual heterogeneity related to mass and age has been included in the model. We discuss how our assumptions (unmeasured individual differences only in mean trait values) could have influenced our findings and under what circumstances unmeasured individual differences could have had a larger impact on population dynamics. 5. There are two reasons explaining the relative small influence of unmeasured individual differences on population dynamics in roe deer. First, individual body mass and age both capture a large amount of individual differences in roe deer. Second, in large populations of long-lived animals, the average quality of individuals (independent of age and mass) within the population is unlikely to show substantial variation over time, unless rapid evolution is occurring. So even though a population consisting of high-quality individuals would have much higher population growth rate than a population consisting of low-quality individuals, the probability of observing a population consisting only of high-quality individuals is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Plard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Biology, Stanford Univeristy, Herrin Labs 454, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tim Coulson
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Delorme
- Centre National d’Études et de Recherches Appliquées Cervidés-Sangliers, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, 87 avenue de Wagram, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Claude Warnant
- Centre National d’Études et de Recherches Appliquées Cervidés-Sangliers, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, 87 avenue de Wagram, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Michallet
- Centre National d’Études et de Recherches Appliquées Cervidés-Sangliers, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, 87 avenue de Wagram, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Shripad Tuljapurkar
- Department of Biology, Stanford Univeristy, Herrin Labs 454, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Christophe Bonenfant
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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33
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Blomberg EJ. The influence of harvest timing on greater sage-grouse survival: A cautionary perspective. J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Blomberg
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology; University of Maine; 5755 Nutting Hall Room 210, Orono ME 04469 USA
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34
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Warden ML, Haas HL, Rose KA, Richards PM. A spatially explicit population model of simulated fisheries impact on loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Ecol Modell 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Johnson FA, Boomer GS, Williams BK, Nichols JD, Case DJ. Multilevel Learning in the Adaptive Management of Waterfowl Harvests: 20 Years and Counting. WILDLIFE SOC B 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred A. Johnson
- United States Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center 7920 NW 71 Street Gainesville FL 32653 USA
| | - G. Scott Boomer
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 115 Merriam Lab 11510 American Holly Drive Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - Byron K. Williams
- The Wildlife Society 5410 Grosvenor Lane Suite 200 Bethesda MD 20814 USA
| | - James D. Nichols
- United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - David J. Case
- DJ Case and Associates 317 E Jefferson Boulevard Mishawaka IN 46545 USA
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36
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Francis CM, Barker RJ, Cooch EG. Modelling demographic processes in marked populations: proceedings of the EURING 2013 analytical meeting. Methods Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles M. Francis
- Canadian Wildlife Service; Environment Canada; Ottawa ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Richard J. Barker
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago; P. O. Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Evan G. Cooch
- Department of Natural Resources; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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37
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Gilbert SL, Lindberg MS, Hundertmark KJ, Person DK. Dead before detection: addressing the effects of left truncation on survival estimation and ecological inference for neonates. Methods Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Gilbert
- Department of Biology and Wildlife; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Fairbanks AK 99775 USA
| | - Mark S. Lindberg
- Institute of Arctic Biology; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Fairbanks AK 99775 USA
| | - Kris J. Hundertmark
- Institute of Arctic Biology; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Fairbanks AK 99775 USA
| | - David K. Person
- Department of Biology and Wildlife; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Fairbanks AK 99775 USA
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38
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Borg BL, Brainerd SM, Meier TJ, Prugh LR. Impacts of breeder loss on social structure, reproduction and population growth in a social canid. J Anim Ecol 2014; 84:177-87. [PMID: 25041127 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The importance of individuals to the dynamics of populations may depend on reproductive status, especially for species with complex social structure. Loss of reproductive individuals in socially complex species could disproportionately affect population dynamics by destabilizing social structure and reducing population growth. Alternatively, compensatory mechanisms such as rapid replacement of breeders may result in little disruption. The impact of breeder loss on the population dynamics of social species remains poorly understood. We evaluated the effect of breeder loss on social stability, recruitment and population growth of grey wolves (Canis lupus) in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska using a 26-year dataset of 387 radiocollared wolves. Harvest of breeding wolves is a highly contentious conservation and management issue worldwide, with unknown population-level consequences. Breeder loss preceded 77% of cases (n = 53) of pack dissolution from 1986 to 2012. Packs were more likely to dissolve if a female or both breeders were lost and pack size was small. Harvest of breeders increased the probability of pack dissolution, likely because the timing of harvest coincided with the breeding season of wolves. Rates of denning and successful recruitment were uniformly high for packs that did not experience breeder loss; however, packs that lost breeders exhibited lower denning and recruitment rates. Breeder mortality and pack dissolution had no significant effects on immediate or longer term population dynamics. Our results indicate the importance of breeding individuals is context dependent. The impact of breeder loss on social group persistence, reproduction and population growth may be greatest when average group sizes are small and mortality occurs during the breeding season. This study highlights the importance of reproductive individuals in maintaining group cohesion in social species, but at the population level socially complex species may be resilient to disruption and harvest through strong compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget L Borg
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, 323 Murie Building, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.,National Park Service, Denali National Park and Preserve, P.O. Box 9, Denali Park, AK, 99755, USA
| | - Scott M Brainerd
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, 323 Murie Building, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.,Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 1300 College Rd, Fairbanks, AK, 99701, USA
| | - Thomas J Meier
- National Park Service, Denali National Park and Preserve, P.O. Box 9, Denali Park, AK, 99755, USA
| | - Laura R Prugh
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, 323 Murie Building, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
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