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Kastner A, Mendrina T, Babu T, Karmakar S, Poetsch I, Berger W, Keppler BK, Gibson D, Heffeter P, Kowol CR. Stepwise optimization of tumor-targeted dual-action platinum(iv)-gemcitabine prodrugs. Inorg Chem Front 2024; 11:534-548. [PMID: 38235273 PMCID: PMC10790623 DOI: 10.1039/d3qi02032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
While platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents have established themselves as indispensable components of anticancer therapy, they are accompanied by a variety of side effects and the rapid occurrence of drug resistance. A promising strategy to address these challenges is the use of platinum(iv) prodrugs, which remain inert until they reach the tumor tissue, thereby mitigating detrimental effects on healthy cells. Typically, platinum drugs are part of combination therapy settings. Consequently, a very elegant strategy is the development of platinum(iv) prodrugs bearing a second, clinically relevant therapeutic in axial position. In the present study, we focused on gemcitabine as an approved antimetabolite, which is highly synergistic with platinum drugs. In addition, to increase plasma half-life and facilitate tumor-specific accumulation, an albumin-binding maleimide moiety was attached. Our investigations revealed that maleimide-cisplatin(iv)-gemcitabine complexes cannot carry sufficient amounts of gemcitabine to induce a significant effect in vivo. Consequently, we designed a carboplatin(iv) analog, that can be applied at much higher doses. Remarkably, this novel analog demonstrated impressive in vivo results, characterized by significant improvements in overall survival. Notably, these encouraging results could also be transferred to an in vivo xenograft model with acquired gemcitabine resistance, indicating the high potential of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kastner
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem) Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Theresa Mendrina
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
- Center of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Tomer Babu
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9112102 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Subhendu Karmakar
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9112102 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Isabella Poetsch
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
- Center of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Center of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9112102 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" 1090 Vienna Austria
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Sarkar A, Novohradsky V, Maji M, Babu T, Markova L, Kostrhunova H, Kasparkova J, Gandin V, Brabec V, Gibson D. Multitargeting Prodrugs that Release Oxaliplatin, Doxorubicin and Gemcitabine are Potent Inhibitors of Tumor Growth and Effective Inducers of Immunogenic Cell Death. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310774. [PMID: 37646232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A multitargeting prodrug (2) that releases gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and doxorubicin in their active form in cancer cells is a potent cytotoxic agent with nM IC50s ; it is highly selective to cancer cells with mean selectivity indices to human (136) and murine (320) cancer cells. It effectively induces release of DAMPs (CALR, ATP & HMGB1) in CT26 cells facilitating more efficient phagocytosis by J774 macrophages than the FDA drugs or their co-administration. The viability of CT26 cells co-cultured with J774 macrophages and treated with 2 was reduced by 32 % compared to the non-treated cells, suggesting a synergistic antiproliferative effect between the chemical and immune reactions. 2 inhibited in vivo tumor growth in two murine models (LLC and CT26) better than the FDA drugs or their co-administration with significantly lower body weight loss. Mice inoculated with CT26 cells treated with 2 showed slightly better tumor free survival than doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sarkar
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Moumita Maji
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Tomer Babu
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Lenka Markova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita di Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
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Fancy N, Melvin M, N N, Kazemian N, D’Aloisio L, Davidson-Hunt S, Chadee K, Pakpour S, Ghosh S, Gibson D, Zandberg W, Bergstrom K. A70 FECAL-ADHERENT MUCUS IS A NON-INVASIVE SOURCE OF PRIMARY HUMAN MUC2 FOR STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991287 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gel-forming O-glycoprotein Mucin-2 (MUC2) is a key mediator of host-microbe homeostasis in part by forming a barrier to segregate inflammatory microbes from distal colon tissues. While animal models have provided insights into how Muc2 functions, relatively few studies have explored human MUC2. This is due to difficulty in accessing primary MUC2 which has been traditionally seen as firmly adherent to tissues and thus attainable mainly through invasive approaches (e.g. surgery, biopsies, etc), or via transformed cell lines (e.g. LS174T). This highlights a need to find alternative sources of MUC2. Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a non-invasive method to analyze human MUC2 from healthy persons and determine if this can be applied to disease states. Recent studies have shown a significant portion of MUC2 is bound to feces (Bergstrom and Shan et al, 2020). We therefore reasoned this fecal MUC2 was accessible for both purification and structural and functional characterization. Method We purified MUC2 from feces via established extraction methods used for tissues. The mucins were resolved by composite urea agarose polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (UreaAgPAGE) and analyzed by in-gel staining with Alcian Blue (AB), or Western blot for lectins and MUC2. Mucins were subjected to both proteomics to confirm enrichment of MUC2; and O-glycomics via non-reductive ammonia-catalyzed β-elimination followed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and mass spectrometry in parallel with Type III porcine gastric mucin (PGM) O-glycans for comparison. Purified O-glycans were tested functionally via microbial growth assays with Bacteroides spp, and the ability to be metabolized into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Mucus barrier function was also visualized directly on Carnoy's-fixed paraffin-embedded (CFPE) fecal sections followed by dual staining for bacteria by FISH, and MUC2 and/or lectins. Result(s) Confocal imaging of CFPE fecal sections revealed a microbiota-encapsulating barrier layer of varying thickness among various healthy human subjects. UreaAgPAGE showed high molecular weight bands (~1 – 2 MDa) by AB staining. Proteomics and western analysis confirmed MUC2 enrichment in fecal mucin preparations. Western analysis via a lectin panel showed human MUC2 bound several lectins but was notably lacking in signal for Sambucus nigra lectin (SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acid) or Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA1; α1,2-linked fucose). O-glycomics revealed extensive sialylation, moderate sulfation, and very little fucosylation vs. PGM. Functionally, the glycans supported growth of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron as well as B.theta-dependent SCFA production in vitro. Pilot studies with human Ulcerative Colitis (UC) showed intact MUC2 with a differential O-glycosylation profile by glycan "fingerprinting" via CE. Conclusion(s) These studies highlight a new way to access primary human MUC2 for downstream functional analyses and pave the way for characterizing MUC2 dysfunction in diseases including IBD. Disclosure of Interest None Declared A71 SIGNIFICANT RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES EXIST IN THE RECEIPT OF IBD-RELATED SURGERY A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS T. Chhibba*, P. Tandon, N. Natt, G. Brar, G. Malhi, G. Nguyen Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may require surgical intervention for management of their disease. There is a rising incidence of IBD in racial and ethnic minorities but studies regarding healthcare utilization patterns in these populations have yielded variable results. Purpose We aimed to examine the differences in surgical rates of ethnic and racial groups compared to White patients with IBD. Method Electronic databases were searched through December 20, 2021. Studies that compared ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) surgery rates between different racial/ethnic groups were included. Both pediatric and adult studies were included. Pooled event rates were generated and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant in generating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). We also compared differences in disease location, phenotype, and IBD-medication exposure amongst different groups included. Result(s) Forty-one studies stratified rates of IBD-related surgeries by race or ethnicity (n=1,094,693 patients). Black patients were less likely to undergo IBD-related surgeries compared to White patients (pooled OR 0.70, 95% CI, 0.55-0.89, I2=87.0%). Black patients were also less likely compared to White patients to undergo an emergent colectomy with an incidence rate ratio of 0.43 (95% CI, 0.32-0.58). Furthermore, Hispanic patients were less likely to undergo a CD-related surgery (pooled OR 0.57, 95% CI, 0.48-0.68, I2=0%) compared to White patients. Finally, Asian patients had no significant difference in likelihood of CD-related and UC-related surgeries compared to White patients. Black patients were more likely to have perianal disease (pooled OR 1.40, 95% CI, 1.06-1.86), I2=58.2%) but otherwise disease characteristics and phenotypes were similar across all populations compared to Caucasians. Conclusion(s) Black and Hispanic patients with IBD are less likely to have surgery, including emergent surgery, for IBD compared to White patients with IBD, despite similar disease phenotype characteristics. Disparities in access to care may be contributory toward these findings and efforts should be made to provide equitable care to all persons living with IBD, regardless of race and ethnicity. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below Other Please indicate your source of funding below: Nil Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - N Kazemian
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna
| | | | | | - K Chadee
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - S Pakpour
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna
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Verdugo Meza A, Gill S, Godovannyi A, Barnett J, Haskey N, Gibson D. A49 TWO NOVEL LIVE BIOTHERAPEUTIC PRODUCTS PROTECT DSS-EXPOSED MICE FROM ACUTE COLITIS WHEN COMPARED TO 5-ASA. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991334 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) offer a more rationalized and multitargeted approach to treating gastrointestinal diseases. BioColoniz and BioPersist are two LBPs derived from the parental strains L. reuteri and E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), respectively. The parental strains are known to offer some benefit in preventing relapses in IBD patients however the results are heterogeneous. To overcome this, the parental strains were approached as LBPs by introducing traits to thrive under the inflammatory conditions of the colon. Therefore, our aim is to characterize the role of these LBPs in IBD. Purpose To evaluate the therapeutic effect of the LBPs BioColoniz and BioPersist in an acute model of colitis. Method Female C57Bl/6 mice were treated with BioColoniz or BioPersist via oral gavage for three consecutive days prior to DSS challenge. Then mice were exposed to 3.5% DSS via drinking water for seven days. As controls, we also included mice treated with vehicle or the parental strains L. reuteri or EcN. In order to compare the effect of LBPs in the onset of acute colitis to current maintenance therapies for UC, we also exposed another group of mice to DSS and simultaneously administer 5-ASA. Mice were monitored daily for signs of disease and at the end of the experiment, colon tissue was collected for histopathological and molecular analysis. Result(s) The administration of BioColoniz and BioPersist delayed and decreased the colitic phenotype of mice exposed to DSS. Differences in signs of disease, such as diarrhea and weight loss, were evident by day 4 for vehicle or 5-ASA groups, whereas mice in the LBPs groups were still gaining weight. When analyzing the histopathological changes, mice in the LBPs groups presented lower scores when compared to the vehicle and 5-ASA groups. Specifically, mice treated early with BioColoniz or BioPersist presented a more preserved mucosal architecture with visible crypts. Although 5-ASA-treated mice still had vestiges of crypts, the damage in the mucosal architecture was more severe, similar to the observed in mice treated with the parental strains EcN and L. reuteri. We also looked at the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, finding an increase in TNFα, IFNγ, and IL-17a in mice treated with 5-ASA but not in mice treated with LBPs. However, the expression of protective factors such as mucin Muc2 or the antimicrobial peptide Reg3γ was similarly high in 5-ASA and LBP-treated mice when compared to vehicle or parental strains groups, suggesting some therapeutic commonalities between 5-ASA and our LBPs. Conclusion(s) The early administration of the LBPs BioColoniz and BioPersist protect mice from severe acute colitis, being more protective than 5-ASA. Since some differences and similarities were observed between the LBPs- and 5-ASA-treated mice, such as crypt preservation versus increased expression of some protective factors, the next step will aim to identify which mechanisms are specifically triggered by the LBPs. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- A Verdugo Meza
- Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - S Gill
- Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - A Godovannyi
- Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - J Barnett
- Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - N Haskey
- Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - D Gibson
- Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
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Babu T, Ghareeb H, Basu U, Schueffl H, Theiner S, Heffeter P, Koellensperger G, Metanis N, Gandin V, Ott I, Schmidt C, Gibson D. Oral Anticancer Heterobimetallic Pt IV -Au I Complexes Show High In Vivo Activity and Low Toxicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217233. [PMID: 36628505 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AuI -carbene and PtIV -AuI -carbene prodrugs display low to sub-μM activity against several cancer cell lines and overcome cisplatin (cisPt) resistance. Linking a cisPt-derived PtIV (phenylbutyrate) complex to a AuI -phenylimidazolylidene complex 2, yielded the most potent prodrug. While in vivo tests against Lewis Lung Carcinoma showed that the prodrug PtIV (phenylbutyrate)-AuI -carbene (7) and the 1 : 1 : 1 co-administration of cisPt: phenylbutyrate:2 efficiently inhibited tumor growth (≈95 %), much better than 2 (75 %) or cisPt (84 %), 7 exhibited only 5 % body weight loss compared to 14 % for 2, 20 % for cisPt and >30 % for the co-administration. 7 was much more efficient than 2 at inhibiting TrxR activity in the isolated enzyme, in cells and in the tumor, even though it was much less efficient than 2 at binding to selenocysteine peptides modeling the active site of TrxR. Organ distribution and laser-ablation (LA)-ICP-TOFMS imaging suggest that 7 arrives intact at the tumor and is activated there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Babu
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Hiba Ghareeb
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Uttara Basu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Austria
| | - Sarah Theiner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Austria
| | | | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita di Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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Babu T, Ghareeb H, Basu U, Schueffl H, Theiner S, Heffeter P, Koellensperger G, Metanis N, Gandin V, Ott I, Schmidt C, Gibson D. Oral Anticancer Heterobimetallic PtIV‐AuI Complexes Show High In Vivo Activity and Low Toxicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202217233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Babu
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem School of Pharmacy ISRAEL
| | - Hiba Ghareeb
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Givat Ram Campus: Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Edmond J Safra Campus chemistry ISRAEL
| | - Uttara Basu
- Universität Braunschweig: Technische Universitat Braunschweig medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry GERMANY
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Medical University of Vienna: Medizinische Universitat Wien nstitute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Cente AUSTRIA
| | - Sarah Theiner
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien analytical chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Medical University of Vienna: Medizinische Universitat Wien nstitute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Cente AUSTRIA
| | | | - Norman Metanis
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Givat Ram Campus: Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Edmond J Safra Campus chemistry ISRAEL
| | - Valentina Gandin
- University of Padova: Universita degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco ITALY
| | - Ingo Ott
- Universität Braunschweig: Technische Universitat Braunschweig Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Dan Gibson
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem School of Pharmacy Institute of Drug ResearchSchool of Pharmacy 91120 Jerusalem ISRAEL
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Liu X, Barth MC, Cseh K, Kowol CR, Jakupec MA, Keppler BK, Gibson D, Weigand W. Oxoplatin-Based Pt(IV) Lipoate Complexes and Their Biological Activity. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200695. [PMID: 36026613 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, represents a promising ligand for Pt(IV) prodrugs. Three new Pt(IV) lipoate complexes were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy (1 H, 13 C, 195 Pt), mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Due to the low solubility of the complex containing two axial lipoate ligands, further experiments to examine the biological activity were performed with two Pt(IV) complexes containing just one axial lipoate ligand. Both complexes exhibit anticancer activity and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell lines tested. Especially, the monosubstituted complex can be reduced by ascorbic acid and forms adducts with 9-methylguanine (9MeG), which is favorable for the formation of DNA-crosslinks in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Marie-Christin Barth
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research', University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research', University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Liu X, Barth M, Cseh K, Kowol CR, Jakupec MA, Keppler BK, Gibson D, Weigand W. Front Cover: Oxoplatin‐Based Pt(IV) Lipoate Complexes and Their Biological Activity (Chem. Biodiversity 10/2022). Chem Biodivers 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstrasse 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Marie‐Christin Barth
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstrasse 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research' University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research' University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research School of Pharmacy The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9112102 Israel
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstrasse 8 07743 Jena Germany
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9
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Riecke TV, Sedinger BS, Arnold TW, Gibson D, Koons DN, Lohman MG, Schaub M, Williams PJ, Sedinger JS. A hierarchical model for jointly assessing ecological and anthropogenic impacts on animal demography. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:1612-1626. [PMID: 35603988 PMCID: PMC9543922 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The management of sustainable harvest of animal populations is of great ecological and conservation importance. Development of formal quantitative tools to estimate and mitigate the impacts of harvest on animal populations has positively impacted conservation efforts. The vast majority of existing harvest models, however, do not simultaneously estimate ecological and harvest impacts on demographic parameters and population trends. Given that the impacts of ecological drivers are often equal to or greater than the effects of harvest, and can covary with harvest, this disconnect has the potential to lead to flawed inference. In this study, we used Bayesian hierarchical models and a 43-year capture-mark-recovery dataset from 404,241 female mallards Anas platyrhynchos released in the North American midcontinent to estimate mallard demographic parameters. Furthermore, we model the dynamics of waterfowl hunters and habitat, and the direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic and ecological processes on mallard demographic parameters. We demonstrate that density dependence, habitat conditions and harvest can simultaneously impact demographic parameters of female mallards, and discuss implications for existing and future harvest management models. Our results demonstrate the importance of controlling for multicollinearity among demographic drivers in harvest management models, and provide evidence for multiple mechanisms that lead to partial compensation of mallard harvest. We provide a novel model structure to assess these relationships that may allow for improved inference and prediction in future iterations of harvest management models across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V Riecke
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin S Sedinger
- College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, USA
| | - Todd W Arnold
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Dan Gibson
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - David N Koons
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Madeleine G Lohman
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Perry J Williams
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - James S Sedinger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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10
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Magnocavallo M, Della Rocca D, Van Niekerk C, Gilhofer T, Ha G, D‘Ambrosio G, Galvin J, Urbanek L, Lavalle C, Schmidt B, Geller C, Lakkireddy D, Di Biase L, Price M, Mansour M, Saw J, Horton R, Gibson D, Natale A. P95 PERI–PROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS AND LONG–TERM OUTCOMES IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS STRATIFIED FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE SEVERITY UNDERGOING LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE OCCLUSION: RESULTS FROM AN INTERNATIONAL, MULTICENTER REGISTRY. Eur Heart J Suppl 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suac012.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) often coexist and share an increased risk of thromboembolic events. CKD concomitantly contributes to several pathophysiological changes predisposing towards a pro–haemorrhagic state.
Objective
To evaluate the impact of kidney function on peri–procedural complications and clinical outcomes in AF patients undergoing left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) with a Watchman device.
Methods
2124 consecutive AF patients undergoing Watchman implantation at 8 different centers were categorized into CKD stage 1 + 2 (n = 1089), CKD stage 3 (n = 796), CKD stage 4 (n = 170), CKD stage 5 (n = 69) based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline. The primary efficacy endpoint included a composite of cardiovascular (CV) mortality, stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral thromboembolism (TE), and major bleeding.
Results
A non–significant higher incidence of major peri–procedural adverse events (1.7% vs. 2.3% vs. 4.1% vs. 4.3%) was observed with worsening baseline kidney function (p = 0.14). The mean follow–up period was 13 ± 7 months [2226 patient–years (PY)]. In comparison to CKD stage 1 + 2 as a reference, the incidence of the primary endpoint was significantly higher in CKD stage 3 (log–rank p–value= 0.04), CKD stage 4 (log–rank p–value= 0.01), and CKD stage 5 (log–rank p–value= 0.001) (Fig. 1A). A non–significant increase in event rates for stroke/TIA and clinically relevant bleeding was observed among the four groups. LAAO led to a TE risk reduction of 72%, 66%, 62%, and 41% in each group (Fig. 1B). The relative risk reduction in the incidence of major bleeding was 58%, 44%, 51%, and 52%, respectively (Fig. 1C).
Conclusion
Patients with moderate–to–severe CKD had a higher incidence of the primary composite endpoint. The relative risk reduction in the incidence of TE and major bleeding was consistent across CKD groups, irrespective of the very different risk profiles at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Magnocavallo
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - D Della Rocca
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - C Van Niekerk
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - T Gilhofer
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - G Ha
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - G D‘Ambrosio
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - J Galvin
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - L Urbanek
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - C Lavalle
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - B Schmidt
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - C Geller
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - D Lakkireddy
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - L Di Biase
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - M Price
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - M Mansour
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - J Saw
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - R Horton
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - D Gibson
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
| | - A Natale
- POLICLINICO UMBERTO I, ROMA; TEXAS CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA INSTITUTE, AUSTIN; SCRIPPS CLINIC, LA JOLLA; VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL, VANCOUVER; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, BOSTON; ZENTRALKLINIK BAD BERKA, BAD BERKA; CARDIOANGIOLOGISCHES CENTRUM BETHANIEN, FRANKFURT; OTTO–VON–GUERICKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, MAGDEBURG; KANSAS CITY HEART RHYTHM INSTITUTE AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OVERLAND PARK
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Lachowicz JI, Mateddu A, Coni P, Caltagirone C, Murgia S, Gibson D, Dalla Torre G, Lopez X, Meloni F, Pichiri G. Study of the DNA binding mechanism and in vitro activity against cancer cells of iron(III) and aluminium(III) kojic acid derivative complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6254-6263. [PMID: 35373808 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00111j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions have unique electrochemical and spectroscopical properties that cannot be attained by purely organic compounds. Most of the metal ions are toxic to humans, but paradoxically, metallodrugs are used in medicine as therapeutics and theranostics. Metallodrugs are eliminated in urine and faeces, and therefore release toxic metals and ligands into aquatic ecosystems, thereby raising concerns regarding environmental risks. The use of metallodrugs based on essential metal ions (i.e., iron, copper and zinc), instead of toxic ions, is a new alternative with minor hazards. Kojic acid is an Asperigillus oryzae metabolite of low toxicity used in the food and cosmetics industries. Its derivatives form stable complexes with iron(III) ions, which bind effectively to DNA and inhibit DNA polymerization. The iron(III)/S2 ligand complexes reduce in vitro colon carcinoma (Caco2) cell viability and significantly decrease the cell number. The kojic acid derivative complexes with iron(III) presented here are an alternative to the currently used platinum complexes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna I Lachowicz
- University of Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Anna Mateddu
- University of Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Coni
- University of Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- University of Cagliari, Department of Chemical and Geological Science, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, Cagliari I-09124, Italy.,CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriele Dalla Torre
- Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Xabier Lopez
- Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Federico Meloni
- University of Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Pichiri
- University of Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy.
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Liu X, Wenisch D, Barth MC, Cseh K, Kowol CR, Jakupec M, Gibson D, Keppler BK, Weigand W. Novel oxaliplatin(IV) complexes conjugated with ligands bearing pendant 1,2-dithiolane/1,2-diselenolane/cyclopentyl motifs. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:16824-16835. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02217f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, multiple biologically active α-lipoic acid (ALA) and its isologous 1,2-diselenolane (SeA) and cyclopentyl (CpA) analogues were investigated for their differences in redox potentials, cytotoxicity and ROS production....
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Riecke TV, Gibson D, Leach AG, Lindberg MS, Schaub M, Sedinger JS. Bayesian mark–recapture–resight–recovery models: increasing user flexibility in the BUGS language. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V. Riecke
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada 89557 USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada 89557 USA
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach 6204 Switzerland
| | - Dan Gibson
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech University Blacksburg Virginia 24060 USA
| | - Alan G. Leach
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada 89557 USA
| | - Mark S. Lindberg
- Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska 99709 USA
| | | | - James S. Sedinger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada 89557 USA
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Riecke TV, Gibson D, Kéry M, Schaub M. Sharing detection heterogeneity information among species in community models of occupancy and abundance can strengthen inference. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18125-18135. [PMID: 35003662 PMCID: PMC8717348 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The estimation of abundance and distribution and factors governing patterns in these parameters is central to the field of ecology. The continued development of hierarchical models that best utilize available information to inform these processes is a key goal of quantitative ecologists. However, much remains to be learned about simultaneously modeling true abundance, presence, and trajectories of ecological communities.Simultaneous modeling of the population dynamics of multiple species provides an interesting mechanism to examine patterns in community processes and, as we emphasize herein, to improve species-specific estimates by leveraging detection information among species. Here, we demonstrate a simple but effective approach to share information about observation parameters among species in hierarchical community abundance and occupancy models, where we use shared random effects among species to account for spatiotemporal heterogeneity in detection probability.We demonstrate the efficacy of our modeling approach using simulated abundance data, where we recover well our simulated parameters using N-mixture models. Our approach substantially increases precision in estimates of abundance compared with models that do not share detection information among species. We then expand this model and apply it to repeated detection/non-detection data collected on six species of tits (Paridae) breeding at 119 1 km2 sampling sites across a P. montanus hybrid zone in northern Switzerland (2004-2020). We find strong impacts of forest cover and elevation on population persistence and colonization in all species. We also demonstrate evidence for interspecific competition on population persistence and colonization probabilities, where the presence of marsh tits reduces population persistence and colonization probability of sympatric willow tits, potentially decreasing gene flow among willow tit subspecies.While conceptually simple, our results have important implications for the future modeling of population abundance, colonization, persistence, and trajectories in community frameworks. We suggest potential extensions of our modeling in this paper and discuss how leveraging data from multiple species can improve model performance and sharpen ecological inference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Gibson
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Marc Kéry
- Swiss Ornithological InstituteSempachSwitzerland
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Cereda CW, Bianco G, Mlynash M, Yuen N, Qureshi AY, Hinduja A, Dehkharghani S, Goldman-Yassen AE, Hsieh KLC, Giurgiutiu DV, Gibson D, Carrera E, Alemseged F, Faizy TD, Fiehler J, Pileggi M, Campbell B, Albers GW, Heit JJ. Perfusion Imaging Predicts Favorable Outcomes after Basilar Artery Thrombectomy. Ann Neurol 2021; 91:23-32. [PMID: 34786756 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perfusion imaging identifies anterior circulation stroke patients who respond favorably to endovascular thrombectomy (ET), but its role in basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is unknown. We hypothesized that BAO patients with limited regions of severe hypoperfusion (time to reach maximum concentration in seconds [Tmax] > 10) would have a favorable response to ET compared to patients with more extensive regions involved. METHODS We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of BAO patients with perfusion imaging prior to ET. We prespecified a Critical Area Perfusion Score (CAPS; 0-6 points), which quantified severe hypoperfusion (Tmax > 10) in cerebellum (1 point/hemisphere), pons (2 points), and midbrain and/or thalamus (2 points). Patients were dichotomized into favorable (CAPS ≤ 3) and unfavorable (CAPS > 3) groups. The primary outcome was a favorable functional outcome 90 days after ET (modified Rankin Scale = 0-3). RESULTS One hundred three patients were included. CAPS ≤ 3 patients (87%) had a lower median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS; 12.5, interquartile range [IQR] = 7-22) compared to CAPS > 3 patients (13%; 23, IQR = 19-36; p = 0.01). Reperfusion was achieved in 84% of all patients, with no difference between CAPS groups (p = 0.42). Sixty-four percent of reperfused CAPS ≤ 3 patients had a favorable outcome compared to 8% of nonreperfused CAPS ≤ 3 patients (odds ratio [OR] = 21.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.6-170; p < 0.001). No CAPS > 3 patients had a favorable outcome, regardless of reperfusion. In a multivariate regression analysis, CAPS ≤ 3 was a robust independent predictor of favorable outcome after adjustment for reperfusion, age, and pre-ET NIHSS (OR = 39.25, 95% CI = 1.34->999, p = 0.04). INTERPRETATION BAO patients with limited regions of severe hypoperfusion had a favorable response to reperfusion following ET. However, patients with more extensive regions of hypoperfusion in critical brain regions did not benefit from endovascular reperfusion. ANN NEUROL 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo W Cereda
- Neurology, Stroke Center, Medico Caposervizio, Neurocentro (EOC) della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bianco
- Neurology, Stroke Center, Medico Caposervizio, Neurocentro (EOC) della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mlynash
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nicole Yuen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Abid Y Qureshi
- Department of Neurology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Archana Hinduja
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Seena Dehkharghani
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Kevin Li-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Dan Gibson
- Department of Neurointerventional Surgery, Ascension Columbia St Mary's Hospital, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fana Alemseged
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tobias D Faizy
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Pileggi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital Corporation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory W Albers
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeremy J Heit
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Rowe L, Gibson D, Landis DA, Isaacs R. Wild bees and natural enemies prefer similar flower species and respond to similar plant traits. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Doherty C, McKenna R, Kang HW, Gibson D, Hanratty B, Wong-Chung J. 1357 Ankle Blocks: Improving Day Case Efficiency. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The COVID pandemic has exerted unprecedented pressure on hospital resources. Resulting in cancellation of elective operative services, increased patient waiting lists, limited surgical training opportunities along with reduced availability of staff, theatre, and in-patient bed capacity. A novel approach for day case forefoot surgery under ankle block, to mitigate the pandemic service limitations without compromising care, was developed.
Method
This is a 3-month, multi-centre, prospective cohort study evaluating the novel ankle block day case forefoot surgery pathway. Patients had a minimum of three months clinical follow up with outcome scores. They were matched to a cohort undergoing similar surgery prior to the COVID pandemic.
Results
The utilisation of an ankle block pathway resulted in an average reduction of inpatient stay by 2 days per patient. Over the study period conservative savings of £26,659 were calculated. Anecdotally we observed a reduction in morbidity (wound complications, SSI’s) although not statistically significant.
Conclusions
Our novel surgical pathway has enabled continued elective operating for procedures that previously required hospital admission during a period of severe restrictions within the NHS. We observed significant reductions in cost, surgical inpatient bed utilisation and total operative time with staff, resource, and time savings. We hypothesise that prehabilitation with physiotherapy, ankle instead of thigh tourniquets and early mobilisation may have contributed to improved morbidity scores. The findings of this project have implications for training, upper limb services and are transferrable as a template to improve service efficiency while maintaining high quality care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Doherty
- Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry, United Kingdom
| | - R McKenna
- Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry, United Kingdom
| | - H W Kang
- Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry, United Kingdom
| | - D Gibson
- Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry, United Kingdom
| | - B Hanratty
- Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry, United Kingdom
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Schmidt C, Babu T, Kostrhunova H, Timm A, Basu U, Ott I, Gandin V, Brabec V, Gibson D. Are Pt(IV) Prodrugs That Release Combretastatin A4 True Multi-action Prodrugs? J Med Chem 2021; 64:11364-11378. [PMID: 34342437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
"Multi-action" Pt(IV) derivatives of cisplatin with combretastatin A4 (CA4) bioactive ligands that are conjugated to Pt(IV) by carbonate are unique because the ligand (IC50 < 10 nM) is dramatically 1000-folds more cytotoxic than cisplatin in vitro. The Pt(IV)-CA4 prodrugs were as cytotoxic as CA4 itself, indicating that the platinum moiety probably plays an insignificant role in triggering cytotoxicity, suggesting that the Pt(IV)-CA4 complexes act as prodrugs for CA4 rather than as true multi-action prodrugs. In vivo tests (Lewis lung carcinoma) show that ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(PhB)(CA4)Cl2] inhibited tumor growth by 93% compared to CA4 (67%), cisplatin (84%), and 1:1:1 cisplatin/CA4/PhB (85%) while displaying <5% body weight loss compared to cisplatin (20%) or CA4 (10%). In this case, and perhaps with other extremely potent bioactive ligands, platinum(IV) acts merely as a self-immolative carrier triggered by reduction in the cancer cell with only a minor contribution to cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schmidt
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Babu
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Annika Timm
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uttara Basu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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Hsu J, Gibson D, Banker R, Doshi SK, Gidney B, Gomez T, Berman D, Datta K, Govari A, Natale A. Characterization of atrial lesion safety and efficacy utilizing a circular catheter and the IRE generator with an in vivo porcine model. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Biosense Webster, Inc.
Introduction/Objectives:
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a non-thermal ablative method that delivers high voltage, very-short duration pulses that cause pore formation in the cytoplasmic membrane and cell death. The tissue selectivity of PFA is expected to reduce the risk of collateral tissue injury compared to radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), while maintaining effectiveness. The objective of this study was to perform pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in a porcine model to characterize the safety and performance of a novel, fully-integrated biphasic PFA system. The system is comprised of a multi-channel generator, a variable loop circular catheter, and an integrated irreversible electroporation (IRE) mapping software module.
Methods
The study evaluated safety and efficacy of IRE in 8 healthy swine. First, to evaluate safety, multiple ablations were performed at various cardiac structures, including within the lumen of the right pulmonary vein (RIPV), at the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) ostium, and adjacent to the esophagus. Second, to evaluate efficacy, animals were recovered and followed for 30 (±3) days, then re-mapped. Gross pathological and histopathological examinations were performed to assess for procedural injury, chronic thrombosis, tissue ablation, depth of penetration, healing, and level of inflammatory response.
Results
All 8 swine survived for the 30 (±3) day follow up (FU) period. There were no acute (day of procedure) incidents of pulmonary vein narrowing of >70%, nor at 30 d follow-up (FU), even when ablation was purposefully performed directly deep to the ostium of the vein. No injury was seen grossly or histologically in the adjacent esophagus. All PVs were durably isolated as confirmed by bidirectional block at the 30 (±3) day re-map procedure, and histological examination showed complete, transmural necrosis around the entire circumference of the ablated section of the right PVs [Figure].
Conclusion(s): This pre-clinical evaluation of a fully integrated PFA system demonstrated effective and durable ablation of cardiac tissue and PV isolation with no collateral damage to adjacent structures. Notably, histological staining confirmed complete transmural cell necrosis around the circumference of the ostial PV at 30 days. Abstract Figure. PVI maps (A) histology (B) and safety(C)
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hsu
- University of California San Diego, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, San Diego, United States of America
| | - D Gibson
- Scripps Clinic, Interventional Electrophysiology, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - R Banker
- Premier Cardiology, Newport Beach, United States of America
| | - SK Doshi
- Pacific Heart Institute, Santa Monica, United States of America
| | - B Gidney
- Heart Rhythm Center, Santa Barbara, United States of America
| | - T Gomez
- Biosense Webster, Inc. , Medical Affairs, Irwindale, United States of America
| | - D Berman
- Biosense Webster, Inc. , Irwindale, United States of America
| | - K Datta
- Biosense Webster, Inc. , Irwindale, United States of America
| | - A Govari
- Biosense Webster (Israel), LTD. , Yokene"am Illit, Israel
| | - A Natale
- Texas cardiac Arrhythmia, Austin, United States of America
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Abstract
We would like to be able to design Pt(IV) prodrugs that can overcome resistance and minimize side effects. Unlike with the early exploration of Pt(II) anticancer agents where clear structure-activity relationships were defined, even after more than two decades of research on Pt(IV) prodrugs, there is no roadmap that can point us to the holy grail. Despite many excellent rational endeavors, we still have not found the "right" two axial ligands to append to the Pt(IV) derivatives of platinum(II) drugs that will "make platinum great again". So far this proved elusive, indicating that the design of Pt(IV) prodrugs is a difficult and frustrating task. Despite our better understanding of the biological processes and availability of advanced technologies, even our sophisticated rational plans often leave us disappointed and frustrated because at the end of the day, we are not able to outsmart the cancer cells or the mice, and just like Rosenberg, we might need to be rescued by serendipity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
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21
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Chen CKJ, Kappen P, Gibson D, Hambley TW. trans-Platinum(iv) pro-drugs that exhibit unusual resistance to reduction by endogenous reductants and blood serum but are rapidly activated inside cells: 1H NMR and XANES spectroscopy study. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:7722-7736. [PMID: 32469362 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01622e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent results have confirmed that protection of transplatin from reactions on the path to cancer cells substantially increases their activity, suggesting that such complexes have greater potential than previously thought. In this study we have investigated the use of the platinum(iv) oxidation state and the tetracarboxylate coordination sphere to determine whether these features could impart the same stability to trans-diammineplatinum complexes that they do to cis-diam(m)ineplatinum complexes. The cis complexes exhibit resistance to reduction by l-ascorbate and human blood serum, but are readily reduced inside cancer cells. Studies of reduction monitored by 1H NMR revealed that oxidation of trans-diammineplatinum(ii) complexes does not always result in significant stabilisation, but the complexes trans, trans, trans-[Pt(OAc)4(NH3)2] (OAc = acetate) and trans, trans, trans-[Pt(OPr)2(OAc)2(NH3)2] (OPr = propionate) exhibit second order half-lives of 33 h and 5.9 days respectively in the presence of a ten-fold excess of l-ascorbate. XANES spectroscopy studies of reduction in blood models showed that trans, trans, trans-[Pt(OAc)4(NH3)2] is stable in blood serum for at least 24 hours, but is reduced rapidly in whole blood and was observed to have a half-life of approximately 4 hours in DLD-1 colon cancer cells. Consequently, the tetracarboxylatoplatinum(iv) moiety has the properties required to enable the delivery of trans-diammine platinum complexes to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Kappen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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22
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Gibson D. Platinum(IV) anticancer agents; are we en route to the holy grail or to a dead end? J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111353. [PMID: 33477089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pt(IV) complexes are designed as prodrugs that are intended to overcome resistance. Pt(IV) prodrugs are activated inside cancer cells releasing cytotoxic Pt(II) drugs as well as two axial ligands that can be used to confer favorable pharmacological properties to the prodrug. The ligands can be innocent spectators, cancer targeting agents or bioactive moieties. The choice of axial ligands determines the chemical and pharmacological properties of the prodrugs. Over the years, several approaches were employed in attempts to increase the selectivity of the prodrugs to cancer cells and to utilize multi-action prodrugs to overcome resistance. In this review, we critically examine several of these approaches in order to evaluate the validity of some of the working hypotheses that are driving the current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Gibson
- Senior Director of Communications and Marketing, American Political Association Washington, DC USA
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24
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Howlett B, Todd J, Willcox B, Rader R, Nelson W, Gee M, Schmidlin F, Read S, Walker M, Gibson D, Davidson M. Using non-bee and bee pollinator-plant species interactions to design diverse plantings benefiting crop pollination services. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Karmakar S, Kostrhunova H, Ctvrtlikova T, Novohradsky V, Gibson D, Brabec V. Platinum(IV)-Estramustine Multiaction Prodrugs Are Effective Antiproliferative Agents against Prostate Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13861-13877. [PMID: 33175515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis, characterization, and biological properties of Pt(IV) derivatives of cisplatin with estramustine at the first axial position, which is known to disrupt the microtubule assembly and act as an androgen antagonist, and varying the second axial position using an innocent ligand (acetate or hydroxyl) to prepare dual-action and triple-action prodrugs with known inhibitors of histone deacetylase, cyclooxygenase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. We demonstrate superior antiproliferative activity at submicromolar concentrations of the prodrugs against a panel of cancer cell lines, particularly against prostate cancer cell lines. The results obtained in this study exemplify the complex mode of action of "multiaction" Pt(IV) prodrugs. Interestingly, changing the second axial ligand in the Pt-estramustine complex has a significant effect on the mode of action, suggesting that all three components of the Pt(IV) prodrugs (platinum moiety and axial ligands) contribute to the killing of cells and not just one dominant component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Karmakar
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, Brno CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ctvrtlikova
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, Brno CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, Brno CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, Brno CZ-61265, Czech Republic
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26
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Khattib D, Ishan M, Karmakar S, Kostrhunova H, Brabec V, Gibson D. Oxidation of cis-Diamminediacetato Pt II with Hydrogen Peroxide Can Give Rise to Two Isomeric Pt IV Products. Chemistry 2020; 26:9475-9480. [PMID: 32428256 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of cis-[Pt(NH3 )2 (OAc)2 ] with H2 O2 yields a mixture of two isomers: ctc-[Pt(NH3 )2 (OH)2 (OAc)2 ] and ctc-[Pt(NH3 )2 (OH)(OAc)(OH)(OAc)]. Following modification with 4-phenylbutyric (PhB) anhydride, two isomers were separated and characterized; the symmetric ctc-[Pt(NH3 )2 (PhB)2 (OAc)2 ] (1) and the nonsymmetric ctc-[Pt(NH3 )2 (PhB)(OAc)(PhB)(OAc)] (2). They differ in their log P values and despite having similar cellular uptake and similar DNA platination levels, the symmetric ctc-[Pt(NH3 )2 (OH)2 (OAc)2 ] is more than 4-fold more potent than the nonsymmetric isomer in a panel of 4 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Khattib
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - M Ishan
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - S Karmakar
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - H Kostrhunova
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - D Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
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Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a term that includes several chronic conditions in which partial or complete cessation of breathing occurs multiple times throughout the night. Central sleep apnoea (CSA) is uncommon and defined by the episodic cessation of airflow without respiratory effort. Lesions involving the respiratory centre in the brainstem or the origin of the phrenic nerve from the mid-cervical cord are the commonest structural causes of CSA; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will demonstrate the lesion and frequently suggest the likely aetiology. In contrast, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is defined as upper airway obstruction despite ongoing respiratory effort. Repetitive episodes of narrowing or closure of the upper airway are the predominant cause leading to snoring and OSA, respectively. OSA affects 33-40% of the adult population and is associated with multiple adverse health consequences, including a significantly increased risk of serious morbidity and mortality. The incidence is increasing proportionally to the worldwide rise in obesity. Imaging, performed primarily without the involvement of radiologists, has been integral to understanding the anatomical basis of SDB and especially OSA. This article will review the pathophysiology, imaging findings, and sequelae of these common conditions. The role of imaging both in suggesting the incidental diagnoses of SDB and in the investigation of these conditions when the diagnosis is suspected or has been established are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Whyte
- Perth Radiological Clinic, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia; Departments of Surgery and Dentistry, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - D Gibson
- Departments of Surgery and Dentistry, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Imaging Department, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Department of Medicine, Curtin Medical School, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Christodoulidou M, Lal S, Ramachandran N, Burden S, Gibson D, Alnajjar H, Mitra A, Richards T, Muneer A. The use of body composition parameters as predictors of metastatic disease and prognostic indicators in penile cancer – a eUROGEN centre study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)32759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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29
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Ramanna H, Lloret JL, Zahwe F, Porterfield C, Trines S, Djajadisastra I, Gibson D, Gururaj A, Alizadeh Dehnavi R, Raine D, James S, Razak E, Oommen S, Tao C, Olson N. P1383Procedural differences during de novo paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation with a contact force-sensing ablation catheter between Europe and U.S. Europace 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa162.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is considered the standard approach of atrial fibrillation ablation worldwide, procedural practice during the ablation varies by geographical region. Using the same magnetic sensor enabled contact force-sensing ablation catheter for the treatment of de novo paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, a comparison of procedural detail between Europe and U.S operators can provide insights into geographic specific clinical practices.
Purpose
To characterize and compare procedural differences during paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation performed with a magnetic sensor enabled contact force-sensing catheter across European and U.S. centers.
Methods
Procedural data were prospectively collected in clinical cases performed with a new magnetic sensor enabled, contact force ablation catheter within the first 6 months of use at participating centers in Europe and the U.S. Procedure time, PVI time, PVI confirmation method, fluoroscopy usage and lesion delivery parameters were analyzed based on geographies.
Results
A total of 131 cases across 35 centers in 11 European countries, and 95 cases across 26 U.S. centers were analyzed. Target geometry was created with the ablation catheter in 94 out of 131 (71.8%) European cases, while only 5 out of 95 U.S. cases (5.3%) reported the use of the ablation catheter for model creation. Although a steerable sheath (64.1% and 67.3%) was commonly used with the ablation catheter in both geographies, difference in the utilization of bidirectional contact force catheter (52.7% and 90.5%) and the automated lesion marking module (76.3% and 81.1%) were observed in European and U.S. cases, respectively. The use of adenosine or isoproterenol to confirm PVI was reported in 25% and 64% of the European and U.S. cases. Average waiting periods were 18.2 minutes and 26.5 minutes from reported European and U.S. cases. Total procedural time, mapping time, and fluoroscopy time were similar between European and U.S. cases. (Table). First pass PVI were 66.4% and 72.6% for European and U.S. cases, respectively.
Conclusion
Total procedural time and RF time were similar between European and U.S. cases during de novo paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation using the same ablation catheter. Differences in workflow including the use of a mapping catheter for geometry creation and waiting period were observed between the two geographies.
Summary of procedural details De novo PAF N Procedural time(min) Mapping time (min) PVI time (min) Total RF time (min) Fluoro time( min) Europe 131 144.0 ± 56.9 16.6 ± 17.1 69.8 ± 35.0 33.2 ± 15.6 11.6 ± 10.1 U.S. 95 137.6 ± 64.8 18.1 ± 23.5 58.8 ± 31.5 32.3 ± 22.2 12.0 ± 15.8
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ramanna
- Hage Ziekenhuis, Den Haag, Netherlands (The)
| | - J L Lloret
- Hôpital privé A Tzanck Mougins Sophia Antipolis , Mougins, France
| | - F Zahwe
- Michigan Heart Rhythm Center, Dearborn, United States of America
| | - C Porterfield
- French Hospital Medical Center, San Luis Obispo, United States of America
| | - S Trines
- Leiden University Medical Center, Heart Lung Centre, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | | | - D Gibson
- Scripps Clinic and Prebys Cardiovascular Institute, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - A Gururaj
- Desert Springs Hospital, Las Vegas, United States of America
| | | | - D Raine
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S James
- James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E Razak
- St. Joseph Medical Center, Tacoma, United States of America
| | - S Oommen
- John Muir Medical Center Concord, Concord, United States of America
| | - C Tao
- Abbott, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - N Olson
- Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, La Jolla, United States of America
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30
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Ramanna H, Lloret JL, Zahwe F, Porterfield C, Trines S, Djajadisastra I, Gibson D, Gururaj A, Alizadeh Dehnavi R, Raine D, James S, Razak E, Oommen S, Tao C, Olson N. P981Comparison of automark utilization and lesion metric target during paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation with a contact force-sensing ablation catheter: European and U.S. multicenter Experiences. Europace 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa162.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Accurate delivery of transmural lesion is associated with improved durability of pulmonary vein isolation and reduced reconduction. Lesion quality depends on multiple parameters such as radiofrequency power, tissue-catheter contact, duration of energy application, and catheter tip temperature. Consequently, energy delivery parameters vary based on individual operators’ preferences and procedural needs.
Purpose
To characterize and compare the utilization of automated lesion marking feature and lesion delivery parameters used during paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation performed with a magnetic sensor enabled contact force-sensing catheter across European and U.S. centers.
Methods
Procedural data were prospectively collected in clinical cases performed with a new magnetic sensor enabled, contact force ablation catheter within the first 6 months of use at participating centers in Europe and the U.S. Use of bidirectional CF catheters, steerable sheaths, automated lesion marking software and associated lesion delivery parameters during paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation were evaluated.
Results
A total of 149 cases across 37 centers in 11 European countries, and 112 cases across 31 U.S. centers were analyzed. A bidirectional contact force catheter (56.4% and 90.2%), a steerable sheath (65.8% and 69.6%), and the automated lesion marking module (77.9% and 90.2%) were used in most European and U.S. cases, respectively. The most commonly reported energy delivery parameters were: lesion index (LSI), Force-Time Integral (FTI), and time from European cases; LSI, average force, and FTI for U.S. cases (Table). Target LSI values were recorded for 126 cases in Europe and 34 in the U.S, ranging from 3 to 6. In anterior/roof segments, most common LSI target values for anterior/roof and posterior/inferior segments were 6 (42.9%) and 5 (51.2%) in Europe, and 5.5 (44.1%) and 5 (54.5%) in the U.S. PVI was confirmed with an average of 20.3 minutes waiting period (69.1%) for European cases and exit block (57.1%) in U.S. cases. First pass PVI were 67.1% and 74.4% for European and U.S. cases, respectively.
Conclusion
Energy delivery parameters and PVI confirmation method varied considerably by geography during paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation using the magnetic sensor enabled, contact force ablation catheter. Further study on efficacy implication on these differences in practice should be examined.
Energy delivery parameters used Paroxysmal AF N LSI FTI Time Imp Drop Avg Force Other N/A Europe 149 44.0 % 13.4 % 7.0 % 6.0 % 2.4 % 1.0 % 26.2 % U.S. 112 31.2% 17.9 % 6.2 % 8.0 % 23.2 % 11.7 % 1.8 % Energy delivery parameters used in paroxysmal AF ablation in Europe and U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ramanna
- Hage Ziekenhuis, Den Haag, Netherlands (The)
| | - J L Lloret
- Hôpital privé A Tzanck Mougins Sophia Antipolis , Mougins, France
| | - F Zahwe
- Michigan Heart Rhythm Center, Dearborn, United States of America
| | - C Porterfield
- French Hospital Medical Center, San Luis Obispo, United States of America
| | - S Trines
- Leiden University Medical Center, Heart Lung Centre, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | | | - D Gibson
- Scripps Clinic and Prebys Cardiovascular Institute, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - A Gururaj
- Desert Springs Hospital, Las Vegas, United States of America
| | | | - D Raine
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S James
- James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E Razak
- St. Joseph Medical Center, Tacoma, United States of America
| | - S Oommen
- John Muir Medical Center Concord, Concord, United States of America
| | - C Tao
- Abbott, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - N Olson
- Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, La Jolla, United States of America
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Babu T, Sarkar A, Karmakar S, Schmidt C, Gibson D. Multiaction Pt(IV) Carbamate Complexes Can Codeliver Pt(II) Drugs and Amine Containing Bioactive Molecules. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5182-5193. [PMID: 32207294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiaction Pt(IV) prodrugs can overcome resistance associated with the FDA approved Pt(II) drugs like cisplatin. Intracellular reduction of the octahedral Pt(IV) derivatives of cisplatin releases cisplatin and the two axial ligands. When the released axial ligands act synergistically with cisplatin to kill the cancer cells, we have multiaction prodrugs. Most Pt(IV) multiaction prodrugs have bioactive ligands possessing a carboxylate that is conjugated to the Pt(IV) because breaking the Pt(IV)-ligand bond releases the active moiety. As many drugs that act synergistically with cisplatin do not have carboxylates, a major challenge is to prepare multiaction Pt(IV) complexes with drugs that have amino groups or hydroxyl groups such that following reduction, the drugs are released in their active form. Our objective was to prepare multiaction Pt(IV) prodrugs that release bioactive molecules having amino groups. Because we cannot conjugate amino groups to the axial position of Pt(IV), we developed a novel and efficient approach for the synthesis of Pt(IV)-carbamato complexes and demonstrated that following reduction of the Pt(IV), the released carbamates undergo rapid decarboxylation, releasing the free amine, as in the case of the PARP-1 inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide and the amino derivative of the HDAC inhibitor SAHA. Pt(IV)-carbamato complexes are stable in cell culture medium and are reduced by ascorbate. They are reduced slower than their carboxylato and carbonato analogues. We believe that this approach paves the way for preparing novel classes of multiaction Pt(IV) prodrugs with amino containing bioactive molecules that up to now were not accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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Karges J, Yempala T, Tharaud M, Gibson D, Gasser G. A Multi-action and Multi-target Ru II -Pt IV Conjugate Combining Cancer-Activated Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy to Overcome Drug Resistant Cancers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7069-7075. [PMID: 32017379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PtII complexes are commonly used to treat cancer. To reduce their side effects and improve their pharmacological properties, PtIV complexes are being developed as prodrug candidates that are activated by reduction in cancer cells. Concomitantly, RuII polypyridine complexes have gained much attention as photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy due to their attractive characteristics. In this article, a novel PtIV -RuII conjugate, which combines cancer activated chemotherapy with PDT, is presented. Upon entering the cancer cell, the PtIV centre is reduced to PtII and the axial ligands including the RuII complex and phenylbutyrate are released. As each component has its individual targets, the conjugate exerts a multi-target and multi-action effect with (photo-)cytotoxicity values upon irradiation up to 595 nm in the low nanomolar range in various (drug resistant) 2D monolayer cancer cells and 3D multicellular tumour spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thirumal Yempala
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mickaël Tharaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005, Paris, France
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Karges J, Yempala T, Tharaud M, Gibson D, Gasser G. A Multi‐action and Multi‐target Ru
II
–Pt
IV
Conjugate Combining Cancer‐Activated Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy to Overcome Drug Resistant Cancers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTech PSL University CNRS Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
| | - Thirumal Yempala
- Institute for Drug Research School of Pharmacy The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 91120 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Mickaël Tharaud
- Université de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research School of Pharmacy The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 91120 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech PSL University CNRS Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
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Yempala T, Babu T, Gibson D, Cassels BK. Dibenzofuran annulated 1-azepines: Synthesis and cytotoxicity. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1703001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thirumal Yempala
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Babu
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bruce K. Cassels
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Karmakar S, Poetsch I, Kowol CR, Heffeter P, Gibson D. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Water-Soluble Dual- and Triple-Action Satraplatin Derivatives: Replacement of Equatorial Chlorides of Satraplatin by Acetates. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16676-16688. [PMID: 31790216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pt(II) complexes, such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin, are in widespread use as anticancer drugs. Their use is limited by the toxic side effects and the ability of tumors to develop resistance to the drugs. A popular approach to overcome these drawbacks is to use their kinetically inert octahedral Pt(IV) derivatives that act as prodrugs. The most successful Pt(IV) complex in clinical trials to date is satraplatin, cct-[Pt(NH3)(c-hexylamine)Cl2(OAc)2], that upon cellular reduction releases the cytotoxic cis-[Pt(NH3)(c-hexylamine)Cl2]. In an attempt to obtain water-soluble and more effective cytotoxic Pt(IV) complexes, we prepared a series of dual- and triple-action satraplatin analogues, where the equatorial chlorido ligands were replaced with acetates and the axial ligands include innocent and bioactive ligands. Replacement of the chlorides with acetates enhanced the water solubility of the compounds and, with one exception, all of the compounds were very stable in buffer. In general, compounds with one or two axial hydroxido ligands were reduced by ascorbate significantly more quickly than compounds with two axial carboxylates. While replacement of the chlorides with acetates in satraplatin led to a reduction in cytotoxicity, the dual- and triple-action analogues with equatorial acetates had low- to sub-micromolar IC50 values in a panel of eight cancer cells. The triple-action compound cct-[Pt(NH3)(c-hexylamine)(OAc)2(PhB)(DCA)] was active in all cell lines, causing DNA damage that induced cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis. Its good activity against CT26 cells in vitro translated into good in vivo efficacy against the CT26 allograft, an in vivo model with intrinsic satraplatin resistance. This indicates that multiaction Pt(IV) derivatives of diamine dicarboxylates are interesting anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Karmakar
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Isabella Poetsch
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I , Medical University of Vienna , Borschkegasse 8a , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I , Medical University of Vienna , Borschkegasse 8a , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
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Yempala T, Babu T, Karmakar S, Nemirovski A, Ishan M, Gandin V, Gibson D. Expanding the Arsenal of Pt IV Anticancer Agents: Multi-action Pt IV Anticancer Agents with Bioactive Ligands Possessing a Hydroxy Functional Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18218-18223. [PMID: 31599054 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most multi-action PtIV prodrugs have bioactive ligands containing carboxylates. This is probably due to the ease of carboxylating the OH axial ligands and because following reduction, the active drug is released. A major challenge is to expand the arsenal of bioactive ligands to include those without carboxylates. We describe a general approach for synthesis of PtIV prodrugs that release drugs with OH groups. We linked the OH groups of gemcitabine (Gem), paclitaxel (Tax), and estramustine (EM) to the PtIV derivative of cisplatin by a carbonate bridge. Following reduction, the axial ligands lost CO2 , rapidly generating the active drugs. In contrast, succinate-linked drugs did not readily release the free drugs. The carbonate-bridged ctc-[Pt(NH3 )2 (PhB)(Gem-Carb)Cl2 ] was significantly more cytotoxic than the succinate-bridged ctc-[Pt(NH3 )2 (PhB)(Gem-Suc)Cl2 ], and more potent and less toxic than gemcitabine, cisplatin, and co-administration of cisplatin and gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumal Yempala
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Babu
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Subhendu Karmakar
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maisaloon Ishan
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
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Yempala T, Babu T, Karmakar S, Nemirovski A, Ishan M, Gandin V, Gibson D. Expanding the Arsenal of Pt
IV
Anticancer Agents: Multi‐action Pt
IV
Anticancer Agents with Bioactive Ligands Possessing a Hydroxy Functional Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thirumal Yempala
- Institute for Drug ResearchSchool of PharmacyThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9112102 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Tomer Babu
- Institute for Drug ResearchSchool of PharmacyThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9112102 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Subhendu Karmakar
- Institute for Drug ResearchSchool of PharmacyThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9112102 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Institute for Drug ResearchSchool of PharmacyThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9112102 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Maisaloon Ishan
- Institute for Drug ResearchSchool of PharmacyThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9112102 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del FarmacoUniversità di Padova Via Marzolo 5 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug ResearchSchool of PharmacyThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9112102 Jerusalem Israel
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Kostrhunova H, Zajac J, Novohradsky V, Kasparkova J, Malina J, Aldrich-Wright JR, Petruzzella E, Sirota R, Gibson D, Brabec V. A Subset of New Platinum Antitumor Agents Kills Cells by a Multimodal Mechanism of Action Also Involving Changes in the Organization of the Microtubule Cytoskeleton. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5176-5190. [PMID: 31030506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The substitution inert platinum agent [Pt(1 S,2 S-diaminocyclohexane)(5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)]2+ (56MeSS, 5) is a potent cytotoxic metallodrug. In contrast to conventional cisplatin or oxaliplatin, the mechanism of action (MoA) of 5 is fundamentally different. However, details of the mechanism by which the 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline ligand contributes to the cytotoxicity of 5 and its derivatives have not been sufficiently clarified so far. Here, we show that 5 and its Pt(IV) derivatives exhibit an intriguing potency in the triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Moreover, we show that the Pt(IV) derivatives of 5 act by multimodal MoA resulting in the global biological effects, that is, they damage nuclear DNA, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, induce the epigenetic processes, and last but not least, the data provide evidence that changes in the organization of cytoskeleton networks are functionally important for 5 and its derivatives, in contrast to clinically used platinum cytostatics, to kill cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kostrhunova
- Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Zajac
- Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Malina
- Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Janice R Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science and Health , Western Sydney University , Penrith South DC 1797 , NSW , Australia
| | - Emanuele Petruzzella
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Roman Sirota
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences , Institute of Biophysics , Kralovopolska 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
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39
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Girgis D, Gibson D, Wood C, Subramaniam S, Bobinskas A. Radiographic study to assess the reliability of the gillies approach for biopsy of the superficial temporal artery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Babak MV, Zhi Y, Czarny B, Toh TB, Hooi L, Chow EKH, Ang WH, Gibson D, Pastorin G. Dual-Targeting Dual-Action Platinum(IV) Platform for Enhanced Anticancer Activity and Reduced Nephrotoxicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8109-8114. [PMID: 30945417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel and highly efficient dual-targeting platform was designed to ensure targeted in vivo delivery of dual-action PtIV prodrugs. The dual targeting was established by liposomal encapsulation of PtIV complexes, thereby utilizing the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect as the first stage of targeting to attain a high accumulation of the drug-loaded liposomes in the tumor. After the release of the PtIV prodrug inside cancer cells, a second stage of targeting directed a portion of the PtIV prodrugs to the mitochondria. Upon intracellular reduction, these PtIV prodrugs released two bioactive molecules, acting both on the mitochondrial and on the nuclear DNA. Our PtIV system showed excellent activity in vitro and in vivo, characterized by a cytotoxicity in a low micromolar range and complete tumor remission, respectively. Notably, marked in vivo activity was accompanied by reduced kidney toxicity, highlighting the unique therapeutic potential of our novel dual-targeting dual-action platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Babak
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Zhi
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bertrand Czarny
- School of Materials, Science and Engineering, and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCmedicine), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lissa Hooi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore.,NUS Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative (NUSNNI), National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117411, Singapore, Singapore
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41
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Kostrhunova H, Petruzzella E, Gibson D, Kasparkova J, Brabec V. An Anticancer Pt IV Prodrug That Acts by Mechanisms Involving DNA Damage and Different Epigenetic Effects. Chemistry 2019; 25:5235-5245. [PMID: 30740808 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dual- or multi-action PtIV prodrugs represent a new generation of platinum anticancer drugs. The important property of these PtIV prodrugs is that their antitumor action combines several different mechanisms owing to the presence of biologically active axial ligands. This work describes the synthesis and some biological properties of a "triple-action" prodrug that releases in cancer cells cisplatin and two different epigenetically acting moieties, octanoate and phenylbutyrate. It is demonstrated, with the aid of modern methods of molecular and cellular biology and pharmacology, that the presence of three different functionalities in a single molecule of the PtIV prodrug results in a selective and high potency in tumor cells including those resistant to cisplatin [the IC50 values in the screened malignant cell lines ranged from as low as 9 nm (HCT-116) to 74 nm (MDA-MB-231)]. It is also demonstrated that cellular activation of the PtIV prodrug results in covalent modification of DNA through the release of the platinum moiety accompanied by inhibition of the activity of histone deacetylases caused by phenylbutyrate and by global hypermethylation of DNA by octanoate. Thus, the PtIV prodrug introduced in this study acts as a true "multi-action" prodrug, which is over two orders of magnitude more active than clinically used cisplatin, in both 2D monolayer culture and 3D spheroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kostrhunova
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Emanuele Petruzzella
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265, Brno, Czech Republic
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Liu J, Gibson D, Stearne K, Dobbin SW. Skipping breakfast and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in school children: a preliminary analysis. Public Health 2019; 168:43-46. [PMID: 30685597 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to examine whether the increased levels of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c) are associated with skipping breakfast among school children. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 539 school children aged 8-12 years from the Niagara Region of Canada. METHODS Non-fasting finger blood was taken for total cholesterol (total-c) and HDL-c measurements. Non-HDL-c was calculated as the difference between total-c and HDL-c. The information of skipping breakfast in a week was obtained from a questionnaire, which was categorized into three groups, i.e., none, 1-3 times and 4 + times. Demographic information and other related variables were described by the three breakfast-skipping groups. RESULTS Approximately 44% of children (n = 182) reported skipping breakfast. There were significant differences between the three groups in the means of total-c, non-HDL-c, body mass index, waist circumference, proportions of overall health excellent, eating dinner with parent and skipping breakfast that affects learning (P < 0.05). The number of days of skipping breakfast was weakly correlated to the level of non-HDL-c (r = 0.145, P < 0.0001). Multiple regression results indicated that every one more time of skipping breakfast would increase approximately 0.05 mmol/L level of non-HDL-c (P < 0.01), on average, after adjusting for those aforementioned potential confounding variables. The adjusted mean levels of non-HDL-c were 2.77, 2.94 and 3.07 mmol/L for none, skipping 1-3 times and skipping 4 + times of breakfast, respectively; the mean differences between none and the other two groups were statistical significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Non-HDL-c levels is positively associated with the number of skipping breakfast among school children, and further research is needed to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
| | - D Gibson
- Healthy Heart Schools' Program, Heart Niagara Inc., Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Stearne
- Healthy Heart Schools' Program, Heart Niagara Inc., Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
| | - S W Dobbin
- Healthy Heart Schools' Program, Heart Niagara Inc., Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Gibson TN, Beeput S, Gaspard J, George C, Gibson D, Jackson N, Leandre-Broome V, Palmer-Mitchell N, Alexis C, Bird-Compton J, Bodkyn C, Boyle R, McLean-Salmon S, Reece-Mills M, Quee-Brown CS, Allen U, Weitzman S, Blanchette V, Gupta S. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of children with cancer in the English-speaking Caribbean: A multinational retrospective cohort. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27298. [PMID: 30094928 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND English-speaking Caribbean (ESC) childhood cancer outcomes are unknown. PROCEDURE Through the SickKids-Caribbean Initiative (SCI), we established a multicenter childhood cancer database across seven centers in six ESC countries. Data managers entered patient demographics, disease, treatment, and outcome data. Data collection commenced in 2013, with retrospective collection to 2011 and subsequent prospective collection. RESULTS A total of 367 children were diagnosed between 2011 and 2015 with a median age of 5.7 years (interquartile range 2.9-10.6 years). One hundred thirty (35.4%) patients were diagnosed with leukemia, 30 (8.2%) with lymphoma, and 149 (40.6%) with solid tumors. A relative paucity of children with brain tumors was seen (N = 58, 15.8%). Two-year event-free survival (EFS) for the cohort was 48.5% ± 3.2%; 2-year overall survival (OS) was 55.1% ± 3.1%. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Wilms tumor (WT) experienced better 2-year EFS (62.1% ± 6.4% and 66.7% ± 10.1%), while dismal outcomes were seen in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 22.7 ± 9.6%), rhabdomyosarcoma (21.0% ± 17.0%), and medulloblastoma (21.4% ± 17.8%). Of 108 deaths with known cause, 58 (53.7%) were attributed to disease and 50 (46.3%) to treatment complications. Death within 60 days of diagnosis was relatively common in acute leukemia [13/98 (13.3%) ALL, 8/26 (30.8%) AML]. Despite this, traditional prognosticators adversely impacted outcome in ALL, including higher age, higher white blood cell count, and T-cell lineage. CONCLUSIONS ESC childhood cancer outcomes are significantly inferior to high-income country outcomes. Based on these data, interventions for improving supportive care and modifying treatment protocols are under way. Continued data collection will allow evaluation of interventions and ensure maximal outcome improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Gibson
- The University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - S Beeput
- Bustamante Hospital for Children, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - J Gaspard
- Victoria Hospital, Castries, St. Lucia
| | - C George
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mount Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - D Gibson
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - N Jackson
- Milton Cato Memorial Hospital, Kingstown, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
| | | | | | - C Alexis
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - C Bodkyn
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mount Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - R Boyle
- Milton Cato Memorial Hospital, Kingstown, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
| | | | - M Reece-Mills
- The University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - U Allen
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Weitzman
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - S Gupta
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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44
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Abstract
Pt(IV) complexes act as prodrugs that are activated inside cancer cells releasing cytotoxic Pt(II) drugs such as cisplatin as well as two axial ligands. These ligands can be used to confer favorable pharmacological properties to the prodrug. They can be innocent spectators, targeting agents or bioactive moieties. When the ligands are bioactive moieties such as enzyme inhibitors or antiproliferative agents, the prodrug attacks several cellular targets at the same time acting as a multi-action prodrug. These compounds are very potent and often overcome resistance to cisplatin. Despite solid rationalization and careful design, often there is no correlation between the ability of the bioactive ligand to inhibit the target enzyme and the cytotoxicity. This might be because most bioactive ligands affect several cellular functions and not only the ones they were designed to inhibit. Thus, even "dual action" prodrugs might in reality be multi-action prodrugs. This class of multi-action Pt(IV) prodrugs seems to have great potential in the attempts to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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45
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Birney R, Steinlechner J, Tornasi Z, MacFoy S, Vine D, Bell AS, Gibson D, Hough J, Rowan S, Sortais P, Sproules S, Tait S, Martin IW, Reid S. Amorphous Silicon with Extremely Low Absorption: Beating Thermal Noise in Gravitational Astronomy. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:191101. [PMID: 30468587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.191101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous silicon has ideal properties for many applications in fundamental research and industry. However, the optical absorption is often unacceptably high, particularly for gravitational-wave detection. We report a novel ion-beam deposition method for fabricating amorphous silicon with unprecedentedly low unpaired electron-spin density and optical absorption, the spin limit on absorption being surpassed for the first time. At low unpaired electron density, the absorption is no longer correlated with electron spins, but with the electronic mobility gap. Compared to standard ion-beam deposition, the absorption at 1550 nm is lower by a factor of ≈100. This breakthrough shows that amorphous silicon could be exploited as an extreme performance optical coating in near-infrared applications, and it represents an important proof of concept for future gravitational-wave detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Birney
- SUPA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
- SUPA, Institute for Thin Films, Sensors and Imaging, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - J Steinlechner
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Institut für Laserphysik und Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Z Tornasi
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S MacFoy
- SUPA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
- SUPA, Institute for Thin Films, Sensors and Imaging, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - D Vine
- SUPA, Institute for Thin Films, Sensors and Imaging, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - A S Bell
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Gibson
- SUPA, Institute for Thin Films, Sensors and Imaging, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - J Hough
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Rowan
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P Sortais
- Polygon Physics, 30 Chemin de Rochasson, 38240 Meylan, France
| | - S Sproules
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Tait
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I W Martin
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Reid
- SUPA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
- SUPA, Institute for Thin Films, Sensors and Imaging, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
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46
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Riecke TV, Leach AG, Gibson D, Sedinger JS. Parameterizing the robust design in the BUGS language: Lifetime carry‐over effects of environmental conditions during growth on a long‐lived bird. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V. Riecke
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
| | - Alan G. Leach
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
| | - Dan Gibson
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia
| | - James S. Sedinger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada
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47
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Tao R, Hasan SA, Wang HZ, Zhou J, Luo JT, McHale G, Gibson D, Canyelles-Pericas P, Cooke MD, Wood D, Liu Y, Wu Q, Ng WP, Franke T, Fu YQ. Bimorph material/structure designs for high sensitivity flexible surface acoustic wave temperature sensors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9052. [PMID: 29899347 PMCID: PMC5998018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental challenge for surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensors is the detection of small temperature changes on non-planar, often curved, surfaces. In this work, we present a new design methodology for SAW devices based on flexible substrate and bimorph material/structures, which can maximize the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF). We performed finite element analysis simulations and obtained theoretical TCF values for SAW sensors made of ZnO thin films (~5 μm thick) coated aluminum (Al) foil and Al plate substrates with thicknesses varied from 1 to 1600 μm. Based on the simulation results, SAW devices with selected Al foil or plate thicknesses were fabricated. The experimentally measured TCF values were in excellent agreements with the simulation results. A normalized wavelength parameter (e.g., the ratio between wavelength and sample thickness, λ/h) was applied to successfully describe changes in the TCF values, and the TCF readings of the ZnO/Al SAW devices showed dramatic increases when the normalized wavelength λ/h was larger than 1. Using this design approach, we obtained the highest reported TCF value of −760 ppm/K for a SAW device made of ZnO thin film coated on Al foils (50 μm thick), thereby enabling low cost temperature sensor applications to be realized on flexible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tao
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - S A Hasan
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - H Z Wang
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P.R. China
| | - J Zhou
- College of Intelligent Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, HuNan, 410073, P.R. China
| | - J T Luo
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P.R. China.
| | - G McHale
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - D Gibson
- Institute of Thin Films, Sensors & Imaging, University of the West of Scotland, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - P Canyelles-Pericas
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - M D Cooke
- Department of Engineering, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - D Wood
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P.R. China
| | - Q Wu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - W P Ng
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - T Franke
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, G12 8LT, Glasgow, UK
| | - Y Q Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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48
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Petruzzella E, Sirota R, Solazzo I, Gandin V, Gibson D. Triple action Pt(iv) derivatives of cisplatin: a new class of potent anticancer agents that overcome resistance. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4299-4307. [PMID: 29780561 PMCID: PMC5944384 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00428e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of triple action Pt(iv) prodrugs was designed to test the hypothesis that multi-action compounds, where each bioactive moiety intervenes in several cellular processes, might be more effective than a single agent at killing cancer cells. In particular, "triple action" Pt(iv) derivatives of cisplatin, where the axial ligands are inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COXi), histone deacetylase (HDACi) or pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDKi) were developed. All compounds, ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(COXi)(PDKi)Cl2], ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(COXi)(HDACi)Cl2] and ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(HDACi)(PDKi)Cl2], where COXi = aspirin or ibuprofen, PDKi = dichloroacetate and HDACi = valproate or phenylbutyrate, were significantly more cytotoxic than cisplatin against all cell lines of an in-house panel of human cancer cells. They were particularly effective against thyroid and pancreatic cancer cells in monolayer cytotoxicity tests. Remarkably, in 3D spheroid cancer cell cultures, some triple action compounds showed an antitumor potency up to 50-fold higher than cisplatin against a KRAS mutated pancreatic cancer cell line (PSN-1 cells). Standard biochemical assays classically employed to explore structure activity relationships of platinum drugs, such as cellular uptake and binding to potential biological targets (DNA, HDAC, mitochondria, and COX), do not provide linear correlations with the overall cytotoxicity data. We observed a preferential induction of ROS production and of an anti-mitochondrial effect in cancer cells compared to rapidly dividing non-cancerous cells. Thus, we propose that these new triple action Pt(iv) derivatives of cisplatin are a novel and interesting class of potent and selective cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Petruzzella
- Institute for Drug Research , School of Pharmacy , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , 91120 , Israel .
| | - Roman Sirota
- Institute for Drug Research , School of Pharmacy , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , 91120 , Israel .
| | - Irene Solazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Padova , Via Marzolo 5 , 35131 , Padova , Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Padova , Via Marzolo 5 , 35131 , Padova , Italy
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research , School of Pharmacy , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , 91120 , Israel .
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49
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Harper BWJ, Petruzzella E, Sirota R, Faccioli FF, Aldrich-Wright JR, Gandin V, Gibson D. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of Pt(iv) derivatives of [Pt(1S,2S-DACH)(5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)]. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:7005-7019. [PMID: 28513693 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis, characterization and biological activity of a series of platinum(iv) derivatives of [Pt(1S,2S-DACH)(5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)] (Pt56MeSS) with non-bioactive, lipophilic and bioactive axial ligands. In an attempt to explore the anticancer activity potential of the Pt(iv) derivatives, 2D and 3D cytotoxic screening and a preliminary in vivo study were performed. The average IC50 values of the platinum(iv) derivatives ranged from 1.26 to 5.39 μM, compared with 1.24 μM for Pt56MeSS, suggesting that the axial ligands have a relatively minor effect on the potency of the compounds. Preliminary in vivo studies indicate that the platinum(iv) derivatives of Pt56MeSS are active in vivo and can reduce the tumor to a similar extent to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W J Harper
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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50
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Abstract
In this manuscript we focus on Pt(iv) anticancer prodrugs. We explore the main working hypotheses for the design of effective Pt(iv) prodrugs and note the exceptions to the common assumptions that are prevalent in the field. Special attention was devoted to the emerging class of "dual action" Pt(iv) prodrugs, where bioactive ligands are conjugated to the axial positions of platinum in order to obtain orthogonal or complementary effects that will increase the efficacy of killing the cancer cells. We discuss the rationale behind the design of the "dual action" prodrugs and the results of the pharmacological studies obtained. Simultaneous release of two bioactive moieties inside the cancer cells often triggers several processes that together determine the fate of the cell. Pt(iv) complexes provide many opportunities for applying new concepts in targeting, synergistic cell killing and exploiting novel nanodelivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gibson
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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