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Van Driessche L, Santschi DE, Paquet É, Renaud DL, Charbonneau É, Gauthier ML, Steele MA, Chancy A, Barbeau-Grégoire N, Buczinski S. Association between adenosine triphosphate luminometry of feeding equipment and environmental and health parameters of preweaning calves on dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:7276-7285. [PMID: 38825142 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the influence of different environmental factors on ATP luminometry measurements of feeding equipment and to investigate associations with health of preweaning calves and the levels of ATP identified through luminometry. On 50 commercial dairy farms in Quebec, Canada, ATP luminometry measurements (in relative light units, RLU) were obtained using the direct swabbing technique with Hygiena UltraSnap swabs and a liquid rinsing technique with the same swab for automatic milk feeders (AMF), bottles, buckets, esophageal tube feeders (ET), milk replacer, nipples, and water. During this visit, environmental factors (including temperature, air draft, humidity, ammonia, and bacterial count) were collected, and a clinical examination (including respiratory score and fecal score) was performed for all preweaning calves present at the farm. This process was repeated 4 times in a year, leading to collection of luminometer results, environmental parameters, and overall health of calves for each season per farm. Overall, a difference in luminometer results was seen between the different periods sampled for all feeding equipment (except the ET), milk replacer, and water, showing higher RLU values in spring and summer and lower values in autumn and winter. When comparing RLU measurements with environmental factors, only a low to negligible correlation could be found. When feeding equipment was classified as not contaminated or contaminated based on previously described cutoff values, a good agreement within a farm for the different seasons was noticed only for nipples (Gwet's agreement AC1 = 0.64), with a poor to moderate agreement for other feeding equipment. Regarding the different models of nipples, Peach Teat nipples showed higher RLU values compared with Merrick's nipples. An association was seen between the proportion of preweaning calves suffering from diarrhea on the farm and the contamination of AMF based on ATP luminometry (logistic regression estimate = 0.52). For other feeding equipment, milk replacer, and water, no significant associations were found. This study showed that ATP luminometry measurements of feeding equipment from preweaning calves are susceptible to seasonality and type of nipple. Thus, these factors should be taken into consideration when interpreting results. Additionally, an association could be made between diarrhea in preweaning calves and the contamination of AMF based on ATP luminometry, showing the potential clinical importance of this on-farm hygiene assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Van Driessche
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 2M2.
| | | | - Éric Paquet
- Department of Animal Science, University of Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V0A6
| | - David L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Édith Charbonneau
- Department of Animal Science, University of Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V0A6
| | - Marie-Lou Gauthier
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S2M2
| | - Michael A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Anaïs Chancy
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Nicolas Barbeau-Grégoire
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Sébastien Buczinski
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 2M2.
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2
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Taylor DJ, Saxton H, Halliday I, Newman T, Hose DR, Kassab GS, Gunn JP, Morris PD. Systematic review and meta-analysis of Murray's law in the coronary arterial circulation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H182-H190. [PMID: 38787386 PMCID: PMC11380967 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00142.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Murray's law has been viewed as a fundamental law of physiology. Relating blood flow ([Formula: see text]) to vessel diameter (D) ([Formula: see text]·∝·D3), it dictates minimum lumen area (MLA) targets for coronary bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The cubic exponent (3.0), however, has long been disputed, with alternative theoretical derivations, arguing this should be closer to 2.33 (7/3). The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the optimum flow-diameter exponent in human and mammalian coronary arteries. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all articles quantifying an optimum flow-diameter exponent for mammalian coronary arteries within the Cochrane library, PubMed Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases on 20 March 2023. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to determine a pooled flow-diameter exponent. Risk of bias was assessed with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool, funnel plots, and Egger regression. From a total of 4,772 articles, 18 were suitable for meta-analysis. Studies included data from 1,070 unique coronary trees, taken from 372 humans and 112 animals. The pooled flow diameter exponent across both epicardial and transmural arteries was 2.39 (95% confidence interval: 2.24-2.54; I2 = 99%). The pooled exponent of 2.39 showed very close agreement with the theoretical exponent of 2.33 (7/3) reported by Kassab and colleagues. This exponent may provide a more accurate description of coronary morphometric scaling in human and mammalian coronary arteries, as compared with Murray's original law. This has important implications for the assessment, diagnosis, and interventional treatment of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Taylor
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Saxton
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Halliday
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Newman
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - D R Hose
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Julian P Gunn
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Morris
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Su X, Swallow KM. People can reliably detect action changes and goal changes during naturalistic perception. Mem Cognit 2024; 52:1093-1111. [PMID: 38315292 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
As a part of ongoing perception, the human cognitive system segments others' activities into discrete episodes (event segmentation). Although prior research has shown that this process is likely related to changes in an actor's actions and goals, it has not yet been determined whether untrained observers can reliably identify action and goal changes as naturalistic activities unfold, or whether the changes they identify are tied to visual features of the activity (e.g., the beginnings and ends of object interactions). This study addressed these questions by examining untrained participants' identification of action changes, goal changes, and event boundaries while watching videos of everyday activities that were presented in both first-person and third-person perspectives. We found that untrained observers can identify goal changes and action changes consistently, and these changes are not explained by visual change and the onsets or offsets of contact with objects. Moreover, the action and goal changes identified by untrained observers were associated with event boundaries, even after accounting for objective visual features of the videos. These findings suggest that people can identify action and goal changes consistently and with high agreement, that they do so by using sensory information flexibly, and that the action and goal changes they identify may contribute to event segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Khena M Swallow
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science Program, Cornell University, 211 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Bridge H, Morgan KE, Frost C. Negative variance components and intercept-slope correlations greater than one in magnitude: How do such "non-regular" random intercept and slope models arise, and what should be done when they do? Stat Med 2024; 43:2747-2764. [PMID: 38695394 DOI: 10.1002/sim.10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Statistical models with random intercepts and slopes (RIAS models) are commonly used to analyze longitudinal data. Fitting such models sometimes results in negative estimates of variance components or estimates on parameter space boundaries. This can be an unlucky chance occurrence, but can also occur because certain marginal distributions are mathematically identical to those from RIAS models with negative intercept and/or slope variance components and/or intercept-slope correlations greater than one in magnitude. We term such parameters "pseudo-variances" and "pseudo-correlations," and the models "non-regular." We use eigenvalue theory to explore how and when such non-regular RIAS models arise, showing: (i) A small number of measurements, short follow-up, and large residual variance increase the parameter space for which data (with a positive semidefinite marginal variance-covariance matrix) are compatible with non-regular RIAS models. (ii) Non-regular RIAS models can arise from model misspecification, when non-linearity in fixed effects is ignored or when random effects are omitted. (iii) A non-regular RIAS model can sometimes be interpreted as a regular linear mixed model with one or more additional random effects, which may not be identifiable from the data. (iv) Particular parameterizations of non-regular RIAS models have no generality for all possible numbers of measurements over time. Because of this lack of generality, we conclude that non-regular RIAS models can only be regarded as plausible data-generating mechanisms in some situations. Nevertheless, fitting a non-regular RIAS model can be acceptable, allowing unbiased inference on fixed effects where commonly recommended alternatives such as dropping the random slope result in bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bridge
- Alumna, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Katy E Morgan
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Chris Frost
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Nyaga VN, Arbyn M. Methods for meta-analysis and meta-regression of binomial data: concepts and tutorial with Stata command metapreg. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:14. [PMID: 38287399 PMCID: PMC10823729 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread interest in meta-analysis of proportions, its rationale, certain theoretical and methodological concepts are poorly understood. The generalized linear models framework is well-established and provides a natural and optimal model for meta-analysis, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression of proportions. Nonetheless, generic methods for meta-analysis of proportions based on the approximation to the normal distribution continue to dominate. METHODS We developed metapreg, a tool with advanced statistical procedures to perform a meta-analysis, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression of binomial proportions in Stata using binomial, logistic and logistic-normal models. First, we explain the rationale and concepts essential in understanding statistical methods for meta-analysis of binomial proportions and describe the models implemented in metapreg. We then describe and demonstrate the models in metapreg using data from seven published meta-analyses. We also conducted a simulation study to compare the performance of metapreg estimators with the existing estimators of the population-averaged proportion in metaprop and metan under a broad range of conditions including, high over-dispersion and small meta-analysis. CONCLUSION metapreg is a flexible, robust and user-friendly tool employing a rigorous approach to evidence synthesis of binomial data that makes the most efficient use of all available data and does not require ad-hoc continuity correction or data imputation. We expect its use to yield higher-quality meta-analysis of binomial proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Arbyn
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Cowan MA, Dunlop JA, Gibson LA, Moore HA, Setterfield SA, Nimmo DG. Movement ecology of an endangered mesopredator in a mining landscape. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2024; 12:5. [PMID: 38233871 PMCID: PMC10795371 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient movement and energy expenditure are vital for animal survival. Human disturbance can alter animal movement due to changes in resource availability and threats. Some animals can exploit anthropogenic disturbances for more efficient movement, while others face restricted or inefficient movement due to fragmentation of high-resource habitats, and risks associated with disturbed habitats. Mining, a major anthropogenic disturbance, removes natural habitats, introduces new landscape features, and alters resource distribution in the landscape. This study investigates the effect of mining on the movement of an endangered mesopredator, the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus). Using GPS collars and accelerometers, we investigate their habitat selection and energy expenditure in an active mining landscape, to determine the effects of this disturbance on northern quolls. METHODS We fit northern quolls with GPS collars and accelerometers during breeding and non-breeding season at an active mine site in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. We investigated broad-scale movement by calculating the movement ranges of quolls using utilisation distributions at the 95% isopleth, and compared habitat types and environmental characteristics within observed movement ranges to the available landscape. We investigated fine-scale movement by quolls with integrated step selection functions, assessing the relative selection strength for each habitat covariate. Finally, we used piecewise structural equation modelling to analyse the influence of each habitat covariate on northern quoll energy expenditure. RESULTS At the broad scale, northern quolls predominantly used rugged, rocky habitats, and used mining habitats in proportion to their availability. However, at the fine scale, habitat use varied between breeding and non-breeding seasons. During the breeding season, quolls notably avoided mining habitats, whereas in the non-breeding season, they frequented mining habitats equally to rocky and riparian habitats, albeit at a higher energetic cost. CONCLUSION Mining impacts northern quolls by fragmenting favoured rocky habitats, increasing energy expenditure, and potentially impacting breeding dispersal. While mining habitats might offer limited resource opportunities in the non-breeding season, conservation efforts during active mining, including the creation of movement corridors and progressive habitat restoration would likely be useful. However, prioritising the preservation of natural rocky and riparian habitats in mining landscapes is vital for northern quoll conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Cowan
- Gulbali Institute, School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, 386 Elizabeth Mitchell Drive, Thurgoona, NSW, 2640, Australia.
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - J A Dunlop
- Gulbali Institute, School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, 386 Elizabeth Mitchell Drive, Thurgoona, NSW, 2640, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - L A Gibson
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 17 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - H A Moore
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 17 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - S A Setterfield
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - D G Nimmo
- Gulbali Institute, School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, 386 Elizabeth Mitchell Drive, Thurgoona, NSW, 2640, Australia
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Xu C, Silliman BR, Chen J, Li X, Thomsen MS, Zhang Q, Lee J, Lefcheck JS, Daleo P, Hughes BB, Jones HP, Wang R, Wang S, Smith CS, Xi X, Altieri AH, van de Koppel J, Palmer TM, Liu L, Wu J, Li B, He Q. Herbivory limits success of vegetation restoration globally. Science 2023; 382:589-594. [PMID: 37917679 DOI: 10.1126/science.add2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Restoring vegetation in degraded ecosystems is an increasingly common practice for promoting biodiversity and ecological function, but successful implementation is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the processes that limit restoration success. By synthesizing terrestrial and aquatic studies globally (2594 experimental tests from 610 articles), we reveal substantial herbivore control of vegetation under restoration. Herbivores at restoration sites reduced vegetation abundance more strongly (by 89%, on average) than those at relatively undegraded sites and suppressed, rather than fostered, plant diversity. These effects were particularly pronounced in regions with higher temperatures and lower precipitation. Excluding targeted herbivores temporarily or introducing their predators improved restoration by magnitudes similar to or greater than those achieved by managing plant competition or facilitation. Thus, managing herbivory is a promising strategy for enhancing vegetation restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian R Silliman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Jianshe Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mads S Thomsen
- Marine Ecology Research Group and Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Qun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juhyung Lee
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan S Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP, CONICETC, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Brent B Hughes
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Holly P Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Carter S Smith
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Xinqiang Xi
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andrew H Altieri
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Todd M Palmer
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Prodan N, Ding XP, Szekely-Copîndean RD, Tănăsescu A, Visu-Petra L. Socio-cognitive correlates of primary school children's deceptive behavior toward peers in competitive settings. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104019. [PMID: 37734243 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Competing for limited resources with peers is common among children from an early age, illustrating their propensity to use deceptive strategies to win. We focused on how primary school-age (6-8 years old) children's strategic deception toward peers is associated with their socio-cognitive development (theory of mind and executive functions). In a novel computerized competitive hide-and-seek game, we manipulated the peer opponents' familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar) and actions (following vs. not following children's indications), as well as the stimuli likability (liked vs. disliked cards). Our findings demonstrated that children deceived the familiar opponent less than the unfamiliar one, indicating their determination to preserve positive peer interactions. We showed that theory of mind and executive functions significantly predicted children's willingness to deceive. Notably, second-order false belief understanding and visuospatial working memory positively predicted children's use of truths to deceive, whereas inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility efficacy scores were negatively related to their deceptive performance when using the same strategy. Implications for children's competitive behavior toward peers involving lie-telling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcisa Prodan
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - Xiao Pan Ding
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, 117570 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Raluca Diana Szekely-Copîndean
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania; Department of Social and Human Research, Romanian Academy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | | | - Laura Visu-Petra
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania; Department of Social and Human Research, Romanian Academy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
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9
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Subramanian A, Kanzaki LF, Schilling TF. Mechanical force regulates Sox9 expression at the developing enthesis. Development 2023; 150:dev201141. [PMID: 37497608 PMCID: PMC10445799 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Entheses transmit force from tendons and ligaments to the skeleton. Regional organization of enthesis extracellular matrix (ECM) generates differences in stiffness required for force transmission. Two key transcription factors co-expressed in entheseal tenocytes, scleraxis (Scx) and Sox9, directly control production of enthesis ECM components. Formation of embryonic craniofacial entheses in zebrafish coincides with onset of jaw movements, possibly in response to the force of muscle contraction. We show dynamic changes in scxa and sox9a mRNA levels in subsets of entheseal tenocytes that correlate with their roles in force transmission. We also show that transcription of a direct target of Scxa, Col1a, in enthesis ECM is regulated by the ratio of scxa to sox9a expression. Eliminating muscle contraction by paralyzing embryos during early stages of musculoskeletal differentiation alters relative levels of scxa and sox9a in entheses, primarily owing to increased sox9a expression. Force-dependent TGF-β (TGFβ) signaling is required to maintain this balance of scxa and sox9a expression. Thus, force from muscle contraction helps establish a balance of transcription factor expression that controls specialized ECM organization at the tendon enthesis and its ability to transmit force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Subramanian
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lauren F. Kanzaki
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Thomas F. Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Cepeda-Duque JC, Andrade-Ponce G, Montes-Rojas A, Rendón-Jaramillo U, López-Velasco V, Arango-Correa E, López-Barrera Á, Mazariegos L, Lizcano DD, Link A, de Oliveira TG. Assessing microhabitat, landscape features and intraguild relationships in the occupancy of the enigmatic and threatened Andean tiger cat (Leopardus tigrinus pardinoides) in the cloud forests of northwestern Colombia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288247. [PMID: 37428730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesocarnivores play a key role in ecosystem dynamics through the regulation of prey populations and are sensitive to environmental changes; thus, they are often considered good model organisms for conservation planning. However, data regarding the factors that influence the habitat use of threatened small wild felids such as the Andean tiger cat (Leopardus tigrinus pardinoides) are scarce. We conducted a two-year survey with 58 camera trap stations to evaluate the determinants of Andean tiger cat habitat use in three protected areas in the Middle Cauca, Colombia. We developed site occupancy models and found that Andean tiger cat habitat use increased with leaf litter depth at intermediate elevations and far from human settlements. Through conditional cooccurrence models, we found that Andean tiger cat habitat use was invariant to the presence of prey or potential intraguild competitors and killers/predators, but its detectability increased when they were present and detected. This suggests that Andean tiger cats may be more likely to be detected in sites with high prey availability. We found that Andean tiger cats preferred sites with deep leaf litter, which is a particular feature of cloud forests that provides suitable conditions for ambush hunting and hiding from intraguild enemies. Our results showed that Andean tiger cats avoided human settlements, which may minimize potential mortality risks in those areas. Moreover, the restricted use of middle elevations by Andean tiger cats suggested that they could be used as a sentinel species to track the effects of climate change since their suitable habitat is likely to be projected upward in elevation. Future conservation actions must be focused on identifying and mitigating human-related threats close to the Andean tiger cat habitat while preserving microhabitat conditions and the existing networks of protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Cepeda-Duque
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Andrade-Ponce
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Andrés Montes-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Eduven Arango-Correa
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología de la Conservación y Biotecnología, Corporación Universitaria de Santa Rosa de Cabal, Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Álex López-Barrera
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología de la Conservación y Biotecnología, Corporación Universitaria de Santa Rosa de Cabal, Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda, Colombia
| | | | | | - Andrés Link
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tadeu Gomes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade PPGECB/PPG Em Ciência Animal da Universidade Estadual Do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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11
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Yi Y, Mardiastuti A, Choe JC. How to be a good partner and father? The role of adult males in pair bond maintenance and parental care in Javan gibbons. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230950. [PMID: 37369349 PMCID: PMC10299859 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In pair-living species, female and male pairs may maintain stable social bonds by adjusting spatial and social associations. Nevertheless, each sex invests differently to maintain the pair bond, and the investment can depend on the presence of paternal care or 'male services.' While most species live in pairs, the sex responsible for pair bond maintenance in gibbons is still controversial. We investigated pair bond maintenance and parental care in three pairs of wild Javan gibbons in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia, for over 21 months. We found that Javan gibbon fathers groomed their offspring more than adult females, especially as offspring got older. While both parents increased playing time with offspring when offspring became older and more independent, fathers played with offspring 20 times more than mothers on average. Grooming within Javan gibbon pairs was male-biased, suggesting that pair bond maintenance was heavily the job of males. However, offspring age as a proxy for paternal care did not affect the pair bond maintenance. Our study highlights that adult male Javan gibbons may have an important role in pair bond maintenance and the care of juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjung Yi
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ani Mardiastuti
- Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Jae C. Choe
- Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology, Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
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12
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Solanke BL, Soladoye DA, Birsirka IA, Abdurraheem A, Salau OR. Utilization of insecticide-treated nets and associated factors among childbearing women in Northern Nigeria. Malar J 2023; 22:184. [PMID: 37328856 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have explored the correlates of insecticide-treated nets in Nigeria. The few studies that focused on Northern Nigeria mostly examined individual correlates, but largely ignored the community correlates. Also, the persistence of armed insurgencies in the region calls for more research attention. This study examines the utilization and the associated individual and community factors of insecticide-treated nets in Northern Nigeria. METHODS The study adopted a cross-sectional design. Data were extracted from the 2021 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey (NMIS). A weighted sample size of 6873 women was analysed. The outcome variable was the utilization of insecticide-treated nets. The explanatory variables selected at the individual/household level were maternal age, maternal education, parity, religion, sex of head of household, household wealth, and household size. The variables selected at the community level were the type of place of residence, geo-political zone of residence, the proportion of children under five who slept under a bed net, the proportion of women aged 15-49 who heard malaria media messages, and the community literacy level. Two variables, namely, the number of mosquito bed nets in the household, and the number of rooms used for sleeping were included for statistical control. Three multilevel mixed-effect regression models were fitted. RESULTS The majority of childbearing women (71.8%) utilized insecticide-treated nets. Parity and household size were the significant individual/household characteristics associated with the utilization of insecticide-treated nets. The proportion of under-five children in the community who slept under mosquito bed nets, and the geopolitical zone of residence were significant community correlates of the use of insecticide-treated nets. In addition, the number of rooms for sleeping, and the number of mosquito bed nets in the households were significantly associated with the utilization of insecticide-treated nets. CONCLUSION Parity, household size, number of sleeping rooms, number of treated bed nets, geo-political zone of residence, and proportion of under-five children sleeping under bed nets are important associated factors of the utilization of insecticide-treated nets in Northern Nigeria. Existing malaria preventive initiatives should be strengthened to target these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bola Lukman Solanke
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Daniel Alabi Soladoye
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Omowumi Romoke Salau
- Department of Clinical Nursing Services, UHD Trust, Royal Bournemouth Dorset, Bournemouth, UK
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13
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Lee C, Jessop A, Bidgood A, Peter MS, Pine JM, Rowland CF, Durrant S. How executive functioning, sentence processing, and vocabulary are related at 3 years of age. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 233:105693. [PMID: 37207474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is a wealth of evidence demonstrating that executive function (EF) abilities are positively associated with language development during the preschool years, such that children with good executive functions also have larger vocabularies. However, why this is the case remains to be discovered. In this study, we focused on the hypothesis that sentence processing abilities mediate the association between EF skills and receptive vocabulary knowledge, in that the speed of language acquisition is at least partially dependent on a child's processing ability, which is itself dependent on executive control. We tested this hypothesis in longitudinal data from a cohort of 3- and 4-year-old children at three age points (37, 43, and 49 months). We found evidence, consistent with previous research, for a significant association between three EF skills (cognitive flexibility, working memory [as measured by the Backward Digit Span], and inhibition) and receptive vocabulary knowledge across this age range. However, only one of the tested sentence processing abilities (the ability to maintain multiple possible referents in mind) significantly mediated this relationship and only for one of the tested EFs (inhibition). The results suggest that children who are better able to inhibit incorrect responses are also better able to maintain multiple possible referents in mind while a sentence unfolds, a sophisticated sentence processing ability that may facilitate vocabulary learning from complex input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Lee
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Andrew Jessop
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Amy Bidgood
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Michelle S Peter
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3BH, UK
| | - Julian M Pine
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Caroline F Rowland
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK; Language Development Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Samantha Durrant
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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14
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Froidevaux JSP, Jones G, Kerbiriou C, Park KJ. Acoustic activity of bats at power lines correlates with relative humidity: a potential role for corona discharges. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222510. [PMID: 36919430 PMCID: PMC10015334 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With the ever-increasing dependency on electric power, electrical grid networks are expanding worldwide. Bats exhibit a wide diversity of foraging and flight behaviours, and their sensitivity to anthropogenic stressors suggests this group is very likely to be affected by power lines in a myriad of ways. Yet the effects of power lines on bats remains unknown. Here we assessed the responses of insectivorous bats to very high voltage power lines (VHVPL; greater than 220 kV). We implemented a paired sampling design and monitored bats acoustically at 25 pairs, one pair consisting of one forest edge near to VHVPL matched with one control forest edge. Relative humidity mediates the effects of power lines on bats: we detected bat attraction to VHVPL at high relative humidity levels and avoidance of VHVPL by bats at low relative humidity levels. We argue that the former could be explained by insect attraction to the light emitted by VHVPL owing to corona discharges while the latter may be owing to the physical presence of pylons/cables at foraging height and/or because of electromagnetic fields. Our work highlights the response of bats to power lines at foraging habitats, providing new insight into the interactions between power lines and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy S P Froidevaux
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LJ, UK.,Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO, UMR 7204), CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne-Université, Concarneau/Paris 29900/75005, France.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Christian Kerbiriou
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO, UMR 7204), CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne-Université, Concarneau/Paris 29900/75005, France
| | - Kirsty J Park
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LJ, UK
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15
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Numerical Response of Owls to the Dampening of Small Mammal Population Cycles in Latvia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020572. [PMID: 36836929 PMCID: PMC9965252 DOI: 10.3390/life13020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong numerical and functional responses of owls to voles in cyclic environments are well known. However, there is insufficient knowledge from the boreonemoral region in particular, with depleted populations of small mammals. In this study, we describe the dynamics of the small mammal population in Latvia from 1991 to 2016 and link them to owl population characteristics. We used food niche breadth, number of fledglings, and population trends to lay out the numerical response of six owl species to dampened small mammal population cycles. We found temporarily increasing food niche breadth in tawny and Ural owls. There were no other responses in the tawny owl, whereas the breeding performance of three forest specialist species-pygmy, Tengmalm's, and Ural owls-corresponded to the vole crash years in Fennoscandia. Moreover, the populations of forest specialist owls decreased, and the change in the Ural owl population can be attributed to the depletion of small mammal populations. We found evidence of a carry-over effect in the eagle owl arising from a strong correlation of declining breeding performance with the small mammal abundance indices in the previous autumn. We conclude that dampening of the small mammal population cycles is an important covariate of the likely effects of habitat destruction that needs to be investigated further, with stronger responses in more specialized (to prey or habitat) species.
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van der Veen B, Hui FKC, Hovstad KA, O'Hara RB. Concurrent ordination: Simultaneous unconstrained and constrained latent variable modelling. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bert van der Veen
- Department of Landscape and Biodiversity Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Trondheim Norway
- Department of Mathematical Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Centre of Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Francis K. C. Hui
- Research School of Finance, Actuarial Studies and Statistics The Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Knut A. Hovstad
- Centre of Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- The Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre Trondheim Norway
| | - Robert B. O'Hara
- Department of Mathematical Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Centre of Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
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