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Alberti M. Cities of the Anthropocene: urban sustainability in an eco-evolutionary perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220264. [PMID: 37952615 PMCID: PMC10645089 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cities across the globe are driving systemic change in social and ecological systems by accelerating the rates of interactions and intensifying the links between human activities and Earth's ecosystems, thereby expanding the scale and influence of human activities on fundamental processes that sustain life. Increasing evidence shows that cities not only alter biodiversity, they change the genetic makeup of many populations, including animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms. Urban-driven rapid evolution in species traits might have significant effects on socially relevant ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, pollination, water and air purification and food production. Despite increasing evidence that cities are causing rapid evolutionary change, current urban sustainability strategies often overlook these dynamics. The dominant perspectives that guide these strategies are essentially static, focusing on preserving biodiversity in its present state or restoring it to pre-urban conditions. This paper provides a systemic overview of the socio-eco-evolutionary transition associated with global urbanization. Using examples of observed changes in species traits that play a significant role in maintaining ecosystem function and resilience, I propose that these evolutionary changes significantly impact urban sustainability. Incorporating an eco-evolutionary perspective into urban sustainability science and planning is crucial for effectively reimagining the cities of the Anthropocene. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution and sustainability: gathering the strands for an Anthropocene synthesis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alberti
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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2
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O'Donnell MS, Edmunds DR, Aldridge CL, Heinrichs JA, Monroe AP, Coates PS, Prochazka BG, Hanser SE, Wiechman LA. Defining biologically relevant and hierarchically nested population units to inform wildlife management. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9565. [PMID: 36466138 PMCID: PMC9712811 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife populations are increasingly affected by natural and anthropogenic changes that negatively alter biotic and abiotic processes at multiple spatiotemporal scales and therefore require increased wildlife management and conservation efforts. However, wildlife management boundaries frequently lack biological context and mechanisms to assess demographic data across the multiple spatiotemporal scales influencing populations. To address these limitations, we developed a novel approach to define biologically relevant subpopulations of hierarchically nested population levels that could facilitate managing and conserving wildlife populations and habitats. Our approach relied on the Spatial "K"luster Analysis by Tree Edge Removal clustering algorithm, which we applied in an agglomerative manner (bottom-to-top). We modified the clustering algorithm using a workflow and population structure tiers from least-cost paths, which captured biological inferences of habitat conditions (functional connectivity), dispersal capabilities (potential connectivity), genetic information, and functional processes affecting movements. The approach uniquely included context of habitat resources (biotic and abiotic) summarized at multiple spatial scales surrounding locations with breeding site fidelity and constraint-based rules (number of sites grouped and population structure tiers). We applied our approach to greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a species of conservation concern, across their range within the western United States. This case study produced 13 hierarchically nested population levels (akin to cluster levels, each representing a collection of subpopulations of an increasing number of breeding sites). These closely approximated population closure at finer ecological scales (smaller subpopulation extents with fewer breeding sites; cluster levels ≥2), where >92% of individual sage-grouse's time occurred within their home cluster. With available population monitoring data, our approaches can support the investigation of factors affecting population dynamics at multiple scales and assist managers with making informed, targeted, and cost-effective decisions within an adaptive management framework. Importantly, our approach provides the flexibility of including species-relevant context, thereby supporting other wildlife characterized by site fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R. Edmunds
- U.S. Geological SurveyFort Collins Science CenterFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | | | - Julie A. Heinrichs
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science CenterColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Adrian P. Monroe
- U.S. Geological SurveyFort Collins Science CenterFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Peter S. Coates
- U.S. Geological SurveyWestern Ecological Research CenterDixonCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brian G. Prochazka
- U.S. Geological SurveyWestern Ecological Research CenterDixonCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steve E. Hanser
- U.S. Geological SurveyFort Collins Science CenterFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Lief A. Wiechman
- U.S. Geological SurveyEcosystems Mission AreaFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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3
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O'Donnell MS, Edmunds DR, Aldridge CL, Heinrichs JA, Monroe AP, Coates PS, Prochazka BG, Hanser SE, Wiechman LA. Defining fine‐scaled population structure among continuously distributed populations. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David R. Edmunds
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Cameron L. Aldridge
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Julie A. Heinrichs
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Adrian P. Monroe
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Peter S. Coates
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Brian G. Prochazka
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Steve E. Hanser
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Lief A. Wiechman
- U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area Fort Collins Colorado USA
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4
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Rodrigues RG, Srivathsa A, Vasudev D. Dog in the matrix: Envisioning countrywide connectivity conservation for an endangered carnivore. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Rodrigues
- Wildlife Conservation Society–India Bengaluru India
- National Centre for Biological SciencesTIFR Bengaluru India
| | - Arjun Srivathsa
- Wildlife Conservation Society–India Bengaluru India
- School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Divya Vasudev
- Conservation Initiatives Guwahati India
- Centre for Wildlife Studies Bengaluru India
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5
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6
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O'Connell KA, Mulder KP, Maldonado J, Currie KL, Ferraro DM. Sampling related individuals within ponds biases estimates of population structure in a pond-breeding amphibian. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3620-3636. [PMID: 30962914 PMCID: PMC6434569 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective conservation and management of pond-breeding amphibians depends on the accurate estimation of population structure, demographic parameters, and the influence of landscape features on breeding-site connectivity. Population-level studies of pond-breeding amphibians typically sample larval life stages because they are easily captured and can be sampled nondestructively. These studies often identify high levels of relatedness between individuals from the same pond, which can be exacerbated by sampling the larval stage. Yet, the effect of these related individuals on population genetic studies using genomic data is not yet fully understood. Here, we assess the effect of within-pond relatedness on population and landscape genetic analyses by focusing on the barred tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) from the Nebraska Sandhills. Utilizing genome-wide SNPs generated using a double-digest RADseq approach, we conducted standard population and landscape genetic analyses using datasets with and without siblings. We found that reduced sample sizes influenced parameter estimates more than the inclusion of siblings, but that within-pond relatedness led to the inference of spurious population structure when analyses depended on allele frequencies. Our landscape genetic analyses also supported different models across datasets depending on the spatial resolution analyzed. We recommend that future studies not only test for relatedness among larval samples but also remove siblings before conducting population or landscape genetic analyses. We also recommend alternative sampling strategies to reduce sampling siblings before sequencing takes place. Biases introduced by unknowingly including siblings can have significant implications for population and landscape genetic analyses, and in turn, for species conservation strategies and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. O'Connell
- Department of Vertebrate ZoologyNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- Global Genome InitiativeNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Kevin P. Mulder
- Department of Vertebrate ZoologyNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO)PortoPortugal
| | - Jose Maldonado
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | | | - Dennis M. Ferraro
- School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincolnNebraska
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7
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Morel-Journel T, Assa CR, Mailleret L, Vercken E. Its all about connections: hubs and invasion in habitat networks. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:313-321. [PMID: 30537096 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the early stages of invasion, the interaction between the features of the invaded landscape, notably its spatial structure, and the internal dynamics of an introduced population has a crucial impact on establishment and spread. By approximating introduction areas as networks of patches linked by dispersal, we characterised their spatial structure with specific metrics and tested their impact on two essential steps of the invasion process: establishment and spread. By combining simulations with experimental introductions of Trichogramma chilonis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in artificial laboratory microcosms, we demonstrated that spread was hindered by clusters and accelerated by hubs but was also affected by small-population mechanisms prevalent for invasions, such as Allee effects. Establishment was also affected by demographic mechanisms, in interaction with network metrics. These results highlight the importance of considering the demography of invaders as well as the structure of the invaded area to predict the outcome of invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Morel-Journel
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Claire Rais Assa
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Ludovic Mailleret
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, INRA, CNRS, UPMC University, Paris 06, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Elodie Vercken
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Detecting hierarchical levels of connectivity in a population of Acacia tortilis at the northern edge of the species' global distribution: Combining classical population genetics and network analyses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194901. [PMID: 29649222 PMCID: PMC5896914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity and structure of populations at the edge of the species' spatial distribution are important for potential adaptation to environmental changes and consequently, for the long-term survival of the species. Here, we combined classical population genetic methods with newly developed network analyses to gain complementary insights into the genetic structure and diversity of Acacia tortilis, a keystone desert tree, at the northern edge of its global distribution, where the population is under threat from climatic, ecological, and anthropogenic changes. We sampled A. tortilis from 14 sites along the Dead Sea region and the Arava Valley in Israel and in Jordan. In addition, we obtained samples from Egypt and Sudan, the hypothesized origin of the species. Samples from all sites were genotyped using six polymorphic microsatellite loci.Our results indicate a significant genetic structure in A. tortilis along the Arava Valley. This was detected at different hierarchical levels-from the basic unit of the subpopulation, corresponding to groups of trees within ephemeral rivers (wadis), to groups of subpopulations (communities) that are genetically more connected relative to others. The latter structure mostly corresponds to the partition of the major drainage basins in the area. Network analyses, combined with classical methods, allowed for the identification of key A. tortilis subpopulations in this region, characterized by their relatively high level of genetic diversity and centrality in maintaining gene flow in the population. Characterizing such key subpopulations may enable conservation managers to focus their efforts on certain subpopulations that might be particularly important for the population's long-term persistence, thus contributing to species conservation within its peripheral range.
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9
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Ousterhout BH, Semlitsch RD. Effects of conditionally expressed phenotypes and environment on amphibian dispersal in nature. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany H. Ousterhout
- Division of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
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10
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Peterman WE, Anderson TL, Ousterhout BH, Drake DL, Burkhart JJ, Rowland F, Semlitsch RD. Using spatial demographic network models to optimize habitat management decisions. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William E. Peterman
- School of Environment and Natural ResourcesThe Ohio State University2021 Coffey Rd, 210 Kottman HallColumbusOH43210USA
| | | | | | - Dana L. Drake
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Jacob J. Burkhart
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Freya Rowland
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
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11
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Anderson TL, Mott CL, Hartman BA, Whiteman HH. Biotic and Abiotic Predictors of Larval Salamander Size and Density. COPEIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-16-515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Walter JA, Sheppard LW, Anderson TL, Kastens JH, Bjørnstad ON, Liebhold AM, Reuman DC. The geography of spatial synchrony. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:801-814. [PMID: 28547786 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Spatial synchrony, defined as correlated temporal fluctuations among populations, is a fundamental feature of population dynamics, but many aspects of synchrony remain poorly understood. Few studies have examined detailed geographical patterns of synchrony; instead most focus on how synchrony declines with increasing linear distance between locations, making the simplifying assumption that distance decay is isotropic. By synthesising and extending prior work, we show how geography of synchrony, a term which we use to refer to detailed spatial variation in patterns of synchrony, can be leveraged to understand ecological processes including identification of drivers of synchrony, a long-standing challenge. We focus on three main objectives: (1) showing conceptually and theoretically four mechanisms that can generate geographies of synchrony; (2) documenting complex and pronounced geographies of synchrony in two important study systems; and (3) demonstrating a variety of methods capable of revealing the geography of synchrony and, through it, underlying organism ecology. For example, we introduce a new type of network, the synchrony network, the structure of which provides ecological insight. By documenting the importance of geographies of synchrony, advancing conceptual frameworks, and demonstrating powerful methods, we aim to help elevate the geography of synchrony into a mainstream area of study and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Walter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Lawrence W Sheppard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Thomas L Anderson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Jude H Kastens
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Ottar N Bjørnstad
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Departments of Entomology and Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Daniel C Reuman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Laboratory of Populations, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Greenbaum G, Fefferman NH. Application of network methods for understanding evolutionary dynamics in discrete habitats. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2850-2863. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gili Greenbaum
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics and Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology; The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990 Israel
| | - Nina H. Fefferman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; Knoxville 37996 TN USA
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14
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Walls SC, Ball LC, Barichivich WJ, Dodd CK, Enge KM, Gorman TA, O'Donnell KM, Palis JG, Semlitsch RD. Overcoming Challenges to the Recovery of Declining Amphibian Populations in the United States. Bioscience 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biw153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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