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Nguyen VH. Genomic investigations of diverse corbiculate bee gut-associated Gilliamella reveal conserved pathways for energy metabolism, with diverse and variable energy sources. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000793.v3. [PMID: 39148688 PMCID: PMC11325843 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000793.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Gilliamella is a genus of bacteria commonly found as symbionts of corbiculate bees. Research into energy metabolism by this genus has predominantly been done through in vivo and in vitro experiments focused on the type species Gilliamella apicola. This study examined 95 publicly available genomes representing at least 18 Gilliamella species isolated predominantly from the hindgut of corbiculate bees. Energy metabolism pathways were found to be highly conserved across not only the Gilliamella but also other members of the family Orbaceae. Evidence suggests Gilliamella are capable of fermentation of both fumarate and pyruvate. Fermentation of the former produces succinate. Fermentation of the latter can produce acetate, ethanol, formate, and both isoforms of lactate for all Gilliamella and acetoin for some G. apicola strains. According to genomic evidence examined, all Gilliamella are only capable of respiration under microoxic conditions, while higher oxygen conditions likely inhibits respiration. Evidence suggests that the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways are essential mechanisms for the metabolism of energy sources, with the TCA cycle playing little to no role in energy metabolism for all Gilliamella species. Uptake of energy sources, i.e. sugars and derivatives, likely relies predominantly on the phosphoenol-pyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. Differences in the utilized energy sources may confer fitness advantages associated with specific host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hung Nguyen
- Project Genomes To Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Characterizations (Project G2FEEC), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Bird SA, Pope NS, McGrady CM, Fleischer SJ, López-Uribe MM. Mating frequency estimation and its importance for colony abundance analyses in eusocial pollinators: a case study of Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae178. [PMID: 39137237 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The genus Bombus (bumble bees) includes approximately 265 species, many of which are in decline in North America and Europe. To estimate colony abundance of bumble bees in natural and agricultural habitats, sibship relationships are often reconstructed from genetic data with the assumption that colonies have 1 monandrous queen. However, some species such as the North American common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens Cresson) can display low levels of polyandry, which may bias estimates of colony abundance based on monandrous sibship reconstructions. To accurately quantify rates of polyandry in wild and commercially mated queens of this species, we empirically estimated mating frequencies using a novel statistical model and genotypes from 730 bees. To genotype individuals, we used a highly polymorphic set of microsatellites on colonies established from 20 wild-caught gynes and 10 commercial colonies. We found multiple fathers in 3 of the wild colonies and 3 of the commercial colonies. This resulted in average effective mating frequencies of 1.075 ± 0.18 and 1.154 ± 0.25 for wild and commercial colonies, respectively. These findings agree with previous reports of low rates of polyandry for B. impatiens. Using a large empirical dataset, we demonstrate that assuming monandry for colony abundance estimation in species that violate this assumption results in an overestimation of the number of colonies. Our results emphasize the importance of studying mating frequencies in social species of conservation concern and economic importance for the accuracy of colony abundance estimation and for understanding their ecology and sociobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney A Bird
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951, USA
| | - Nathaniel S Pope
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Carley M McGrady
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shelby J Fleischer
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Margarita M López-Uribe
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Turley NE, Kania SE, Petitta IR, Otruba EA, Biddinger DJ, Butzler TM, Sesler VV, López-Uribe MM. Bee monitoring by community scientists: comparing a collections-based program with iNaturalist. ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 117:220-233. [PMID: 39006748 PMCID: PMC11238606 DOI: 10.1093/aesa/saae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Bee monitoring, or widespread efforts to document bee community biodiversity, can involve data collection using lethal (specimen collections) or non-lethal methods (observations, photographs). Additionally, data can be collected by professional scientists or by volunteer participants from the general public. Collection-based methods presumably produce more reliable data with fewer biases against certain taxa, while photography-based approaches, such as data collected from public natural history platforms like iNaturalist, can involve more people and cover a broader geographic area. Few efforts have been made to quantify the pros and cons of these different approaches. We established a community science monitoring program to assess bee biodiversity across the state of Pennsylvania (USA) using specimen collections with nets, blue vane traps, and bowl traps. We recruited 26 participants, mostly Master Gardeners, from across the state to sample bees after receiving extensive training on bee monitoring topics and methods. The specimens they collected were identified to species, stored in museum collections, and the data added to public databases. Then, we compared the results from our collections to research-grade observations from iNaturalist during the same time period (2021 and 2022). At state and county levels, we found collections data documented over twice as much biodiversity and novel baseline natural history data (state and county records) than data from iNaturalist. iNaturalist data showed strong biases toward large-bodied and non-native species. This study demonstrates the value of highly trained community scientists for collections-based research that aims to document patterns of bee biodiversity over space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nash E Turley
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Kania
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Isabella R Petitta
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Otruba
- Department of Entomology, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Biddinger
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Thomas M Butzler
- Penn State Extension, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Valerie V Sesler
- Penn State Extension, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Margarita M López-Uribe
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Miller O, Hale C, Richardson L, Sossa D, Iverson A, McArt S, Poveda K, Grab H. Commercial
Bombus impatiens
colonies function as ecological traps for wild queens. J Appl Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Miller
- Department of Entomology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Casey Hale
- Department of Entomology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Leeah Richardson
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - David Sossa
- Department of Entomology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Aaron Iverson
- Environmental Studies Department St. Lawrence University Canton New York USA
| | - Scott McArt
- Department of Entomology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Katja Poveda
- Department of Entomology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Heather Grab
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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Feigs JT, Holzhauer SIJ, Huang S, Brunet J, Diekmann M, Hedwall PO, Kramp K, Naaf T. Pollinator movement activity influences genetic diversity and differentiation of spatially isolated populations of clonal forest herbs. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.908258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In agricultural landscapes, forest herbs live in small, spatially isolated forest patches. For their long-term survival, their populations depend on animals as genetic linkers that provide pollen- or seed-mediated gene flow among different forest patches. However, whether insect pollinators serve as genetic linkers among spatially isolated forest herb populations in agricultural landscapes remains to be shown. Here, we used population genetic methods to analyze: (A) the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of populations of two common, slow-colonizing temperate forest herb species [Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. and Anemone nemorosa L.] in spatially isolated populations within three agricultural landscapes in Germany and Sweden and (B) the movement activity of their most relevant associated pollinator species, i.e., the bumblebee Bombus pascuorum (Scopoli, 1,763) and the hoverfly Melanostoma scalare (Fabricus, 1,794), respectively, which differ in their mobility. We tested whether the indicated pollinator movement activity affected the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the forest herb populations. Bumblebee movement indicators that solely indicated movement activity between the forest patches affected both genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the associated forest herb P. multiflorum in a way that can be explained by pollen-mediated gene flow among the forest herb populations. In contrast, movement indicators reflecting the total movement activity at a forest patch (including within-forest patch movement activity) showed unexpected effects for both plant-pollinator pairs that might be explained by accelerated genetic drift due to enhanced sexual reproduction. Our integrated approach revealed that bumblebees serve as genetic linkers of associated forest herb populations, even if they are more than 2 km apart from each other. No such evidence was found for the forest associated hoverfly species which showed significant genetic differentiation among forest patches itself. Our approach also indicated that a higher within-forest patch movement activity of both pollinator species might enhance sexual recruitment and thus diminishes the temporal buffer that clonal growth provides against habitat fragmentation effects.
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